Borrowing Activity Research Articles

Exploring the Foreign Language Book Borrowing Habits of University Instructors and Prospective Teachers (2012–2022)

Understanding the widespread adoption of foreign language books (FLBs) is imperative for language learners and educators, as it facilitates evaluating the efficacy and caliber of language resources. Using MARC-based bibliography analysis, the researcher uncovers publishing and subject information of popular FLBs and utilizes survival analysis to calculate the FLBs’ survival index. After conducting factor analysis, the researcher applies linear regression prediction and Bayesian estimation to determine the total number of FLB borrowings and borrowers. The borrowing index of FLBs collected in the past five years surpasses that of books collected for more than five years, and staff members demonstrate higher borrowing activity compared to undergraduate students, postgraduate students, and other readers. Acceptance emerges as the most critical factor influencing the total number of FLB borrowings and borrowers, cultural dominance has a relatively minor impact, and personal background is found to be less negatively influential. The estimates of the total number of FLB borrowers indicate that acceptance is constrained by personal background, which is restricted by cultural dominance.

Missing Data, Speculative Reading

In this article we use an approach we term “speculative reading” to explore gaps in Sylvia Beach’s lending library records and the Shakespeare and Company Project datasets. We recast the problem of missing data as an opportunity and use a combination of time series forecasting, evolutionary models, and recommendation systems to estimate the extent of missing information and speculatively fill in some gaps. We conclude that the datasets include ninety-three percent of membership activity, ninety-six percent of members, and sixty-four percent to seventy-six percent of the books despite only including twenty-six percent of the borrowing activity. We then treat Ernest Hemingway as a test case for speculative reading: based on Hemingway’s known borrowing and all documented borrowing activity, we generate a list of books he might have borrowed during the years his borrowing is not documented; we then verify and interpret our list against the substantial scholarly record of the books he read and owned.

Survey Responses Indicating Improved Perceptions of Discount Window Usage Align with Observed Borrowing Behavior

In this note, we examine borrowing activity through the discount window's primary credit program subsequent to the program changes made in March 2020 to assess the extent to which banks' behavior appeared consistent with their reported views of the discount window. Views were collected from 80 banks in the September 2020 Senior Financial Officer Survey (SFOS).

Rethinking Print Journal Subscriptions at a Large Research University

In 2020–2021, the University of Connecticut (UConn) Library ceased more than 90% of its print journal subscriptions for the general collections. This decision was the outcome of a data-based review and cost-benefit analysis. Staff considered factors such as online availability, number of WorldCat holdings, scan-on-demand and interlibrary lending and borrowing activity, and hidden costs of storage and staff time for processing. Recorded usage proved all but nonexistent, with an annual average use of one per title. Additionally, print journals were inaccessible to patrons because of the closure of library stacks during the COVID-19 pandemic. We did not conduct an extensive qualitative review. UConn Library’s decisions broke new ground among U.S. research universities, which have winnowed their print subscriptions over the decades but rarely made a decisive break from print. This article will discuss the project, process, decisions, and data and will share UConn’s assessment strategies and criteria for reinstituting subscriptions. At stake was the principle that libraries must use their scarce resources effectively—at any scale.

Borrowing trouble? The impact of a systematic review service on interlibrary loan borrowing in an academic health sciences library.

Background:With the mandate to review all available literature in the study's inclusion parameters, systematic review projects are likely to require full-text access to a significant number of articles that are not available in a library's collection, thereby necessitating ordering content via interlibrary loan (ILL). The aim of this study is to understand what effect a systematic review service has on the copyright royalty fees accompanying ILL requests at an academic health sciences library.Case Presentation:The library created a custom report using ILLiad data to look specifically at 2018 ILL borrowing requests that were known to be part of systematic reviews. This subset of borrowing activity was then analyzed to determine its impact on the library's copyright royalty expenditures for the year. In 2018, copyright eligible borrowing requests that were known to be part of systematic reviews represented only approximately 5% of total filled requests that involved copyright eligible borrowing. However, these systematic review requests directly or indirectly caused approximately 10% of all the Spencer S. Eccles Library copyright royalty expenditures for 2018 requests.Conclusion:Based on the sample data set, the library's copyright royalty expenditures did increase, but the overall financial impact was modest.

An examination of life insurance policy surrender and loan activity

AbstractExtant literature has explored policyowner decision‐making as it relates to both life insurance policy surrender and borrowing activity. However, researchers have not yet examined why individuals may select one option over the other. In this study, we investigate common hypotheses related to policy surrender and loan activity using approaches which allow us to examine the two options jointly while also accounting for the multidimensional nature of the decision‐making process. We offer evidence consistent with the emergency fund, alternative funds, and policy replacement hypotheses as they relate to the decision to either surrender a policy or take out a policy loan and find that differential effects exist between the two options. In particular, our findings suggest that households tend to surrender their cash value policies when longer‐term financial needs arise while temporary needs are more likely addressed with loans which keep the policy in force, each consistent with rational household decision‐making.

Financial Literacy and Self-Control in FinTech: Evidence from a Field Experiment on Online Consumer Borrowing

We report the results of a longitudinal intervention with students across five universities in China designed to reduce online consumer debt. Our research design allocates individuals to either a financial literacy treatment, a self-control training program, or a zero-touch control group. Financial education interventions improve test scores on general financial literacy but only marginally affect future online borrowing. Our self-control treatment features detailed tracking of spending and borrowing activity with a third-party app and introspection about individuals' consumption with a counselor. These sessions reduce future online borrowing, delinquency charges, and borrowing for entertainment reasons - and are driven by the male subjects in the sample. Our results suggest that self-regulation can affect financial behavior in e-commerce platforms.

Financial determinants of local government debt in New Zealand

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the financial determinants of local government debt in New Zealand.Design/methodology/approachTo investigate the financial determinants of local government debt in New Zealand, the authors analyse the relationship between key financial variables with local government debt in New Zealand based on the theories of fiscal accountability and moral hazard using a panel data methodology, specifically the pooled ordinary least squares regression model.FindingsThe findings suggest that council income is the major financial determinant of local government borrowing in New Zealand rather than infrastructural spending and that during the global financial crises (GFC) borrowing levels of New Zealand local councils was not significantly impacted. However, the findings indicate that post the GFC, low interest rates have stimulated increased borrowing activity by New Zealand local governments to fund infrastructure.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to examine the determinants of local government debt in New Zealand. The findings of this study contribute to better understanding of local government/municipality debt in New Zealand and internationally by providing evidence on the financial determinants of debt of local governments and the indirect use of government policy to control local government borrowing. The findings of this study are anticipated to affect local government practices and national government policies in relation to local government finances.

Citations and Circulation Counts: Data Sources for Monograph Deselection in Research Library Collections

Studies of data-driven deselection overwhelmingly emphasise the importance of circulation counts and date-of-last-use in the weeding process. When applied to research collections, however, this approach fails to take account of highly influential and significant titles that have not been of interest to large numbers of borrowers but that have been highly cited in the literature. It also assumes that past borrowing activity is a reliable indicator of future usage. This study examines the correlations between past and future usage and between borrowing and citation of monographs and concludes that both data elements should be used when deselecting research monographs.

Citations and Circulation Counts: Data Sources for Monograph Deselection in Research Library Collections

Studies of data-driven deselection overwhelmingly emphasise the importance of circulation counts and date-of-last-use in the weeding process. When applied to research collections, however, this approach fails to take account of highly influential and significant titles that have not been of interest to large numbers of borrowers but that have been highly cited in the literature. It also assumes that past borrowing activity is a reliable indicator of future usage. This study examines the correlations between past and future usage and between borrowing and citation of monographs and concludes that both data elements should be used when deselecting research monographs.

Changing FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums and the Effects on Lending

This note explores the effect of changes in Federal Housing Administration (FHA) mortgage insurance premiums (MIP) on mortgage borrowing activity. Reacting to changing conditions in the mortgage market as well as the state of its own balance sheet, the FHA has adjusted its pricing rules a number of times in the wake of the financial crisis.

Testing the potential for improving quality of sediments impacted by mussel farms using bioturbating polychaete worms

Biodeposits from farmed mussels severely influence the biogeochemistry of sediments by increasing the levels of organic matter (OM). Mitigation of such negative impacts is important for the development of sustainable aquaculture operations. As a step towards developing methods for remediation of coastal sediments affected by mussel farming, the effects of the polychaete, Hediste diversicolor was evaluated experimentally. In a series of field- and laboratory experiments we tested hypotheses about the effects of polychaetes on sediment oxygen consumption, nutrient fluxes and sulphide pools under different polychaete densities and sedimentation regimes. The experimental results support the idea that polychaetes can mitigate negative effects on the benthic environment beneath mussel farms. H. diversicolor oxidized the sediment and generally enhanced the oxygen consumption, and thus the decomposition of OM. The accumulation of pore water sulphides were reduced and fluxes of nutrients across the sediment-water interface increased. Additional calculations suggest that the effects of polychaetes were mainly indirect and driven by increased microbial activity due to the borrowing activity of the polychaetes. Trends of increasing decomposition with increasing polychaete density suggest that the decomposition could be further enhanced by higher densities. Overall, we concluded that H. diversicolor is a potentially strong candidate for remediation of mussel farm sediments. The results show that sediments inhabited by H. diversicolor have high assimilative capacity of OM and oxygen conditions are significantly improved following the addition of polychaetes at naturally occurring densities. However, technological developments are needed in order to allow the approach to be used in practice.

The Effect of Accounting Conservatism on Corporate Financing Activity: Evidence from Japan

This study examines how two types of conservatism ― unconditional conservatism and conditional conservatism ― affect Japanese firms’ financing activity, in particular, borrowing money from banks.This study obtained the two main findings. First, firms practicing a higher level of unconditional conservatism borrow more money from banks under the condition of facing a funding shortfall. Second, the degree of their conditional conservatism does not significantly relate with the degree of proceeds from loans. These results are robust to the endogeneity problem between conservatism and firms’ borrowing activity. In addition, I find that firms having a strong relationship with the main bank benefit from unconditional conservatism and conditional conservatism is useful for firms having a weak relationship with the main bank. This paper reveals that the economic consequences of conservatism vary across institutional factors and suggests the possibility that the nature of conservatism has been misjudged by focusing only on the accounting system when considering its economic consequences.

Relationships between Interlibrary Loan and Research Activity in Canada

Interlibrary Loan borrowing rates in academic libraries are influenced by an array of factors. This article explores the relationship between interlibrary loan borrowing activity and research activity at 42 Canadian academic institutions. A significant positive correlation was found between interlibrary loan borrowing activity and measures of research activity. The degree of correlation observed depended on the category of institution, with undergraduate and comprehensive universities showing the largest correlations. This is the first study to quantify the relationship between interlibrary loan and research activity, and the findings suggest that interlibrary loan plays a role in supporting academic research at Canadian universities.

Bank Lending Behavior during Global Financial Crisis

Abstract We investigate an emerging economy's bank lending behavior during the global financial crisis and provide answers as to what causes the inert bank lending during the periods of crisis. By employing cointegration technique, we show that bank lending has a significant positive relationship with the borrowing activity of the banks and, in contrast, an inverse relationship with investment activity during the financial crisis. Indian banks were not exposed to subprime related assets, and hence the crisis after Lehman could be regarded as an exogenous liquidity shock. We observe that following the liquidity shock owing to the crisis, banks' lending schedules became considerably steeper, suggesting that the bank-lending channel of traditional monetary policy may not have been working during the crisis period. JEL Classification: C22, D53, E43, E51, G21

Hidden Fiscal Risks in Local China (中国地方政府的隐性财政风险)

Public debts as well as the fiscal risks associated with them have been a global concern for our time. This paper examines fiscal risks in China, particularly fiscal risks at the local (sub‐national) government level. Under the current system of Chinese intergovernmental relations, local governments are precluded from borrowing and offering guarantees for any borrowing activity. However, almost all of them have become deeply involved in debt finance, mainly in the form of contingent liabilities. Although there will not be a debt crisis in China in the near future, certain risks are hidden in China's local debt. This article therefore recommends China reform its intergovernmental relations and formally grant authority to local governments to borrow so that they are subject to transparent debt market constraints.

An Analysis of Direct Reciprocal Borrowing Among Québec University Libraries

An analysis of Québec academic libraries’ direct reciprocal borrowing statistics from 2005 to 2010 reveals that the physical distance separating universities plays an important role in determining the amount of direct reciprocal borrowing activity conducted between institutions. Significant statistical correlations were also seen between the amount of direct reciprocal borrowing/lending as well as institution size and library collection size. Given their proximity, Montréal-area libraries have a higher ratio of direct reciprocal borrowing activity compared to interlibrary loan consortial borrowing activity, whereas libraries located outside of Montréal have higher interlibrary loan activity compared to direct reciprocal borrowing. It was found that institutions’ net lender and borrower status can shift depending on whether one is looking at direct reciprocal borrowing versus interlibrary loan activity. An exploratory social network analysis of direct reciprocal borrowing among Québec academic libraries was performed, and it affirmed the important role of physical distance in determining direct reciprocal borrowing activity. Language may also play a role in affecting the amount of direct reciprocal borrowing.

Financial Instability, Uncertainty and Banks’ Lending Behaviour

Why do banks squeeze their lending activity? is an oft-repeated question during the times of financial crisis. This study examines an emerging economy’s banking system and contributes to the evolving body of literature on the topic by providing answers as to what causes the sluggish bank credit during the times of recession. By employing cointegration technique, the study shows that bank credit has a significant positive relationship with the borrowing activity of the banks and on the contrary, inverse relationship with investment activity during the financial crisis. Accordingly, we suggest that banks could increase their lending by increasing the borrowings rapidly either from the Central Banks or from Government supported long term lending institutions during recessionary periods.

Home–school book sharing comes in many forms: A microanalysis of teacher–child interaction during the activity of borrowing a school book

In this paper, we analyse one aspect of home–school book sharing, namely the activity of borrowing a book. We describe how the borrowing activity is accomplished in daily practice in two Dutch preschools and which emergent literacy practices can be embedded in this routine. We followed fifteen children, aged from two years to four years, and analysed how they were involved in the borrowing activity as part of home–school book sharing. In total we analysed sixty borrowing events. We found three variations of the borrowing act: children were not involved at all; they were involved in a basic borrowing routine; and they were involved in an extended borrowing routine. In the case of no involvement, the teacher chose a book without the child being present, or the child did not get a new book at all. In the other two cases there was teacher–child interaction. The structure of the basic routine is: (1) the teacher orients the child to the activity; (2) the child browses books and selects one; and (3) the teacher acknowledges the child’s choice. In the extended routine there are supplemental orientations to literacy practices, either about (future) reading or about writing down the choice. Microanalysis of borrowing interactions revealed that although both preschools had implemented the home–school book sharing programme, literacy experiences for individual children differed.

Meeting Evolving Research and Curriculum Needs: A Survey of Interlibrary Loan and OhioLINK Borrowing at an Academic Law Library

The research goal was to study the law faculty's interlibrary loan and OhioLINK borrowing activity to assess current subject gaps in the Cleveland-Marshall College of Law Library's collection. The authors analyzed and collated faculty research interests. The results indicate that additional purchases are required to support international law and health law, two curriculum areas currently under development at Cleveland-Marshall.