Borotellurite Glasses Research Articles

A comparative analysis on the spectroscopic qualities of modifiers and Sm3+ ions integrated bismuth boro-tellurite glasses for visible orange appliances

Considering the striking features of trivalent samarium ions that can yield novel optoelectronic devices, a set of additive-reliant Sm (III) ions doped bismuth boro-tellurite (BTBiCofXfSm1.0) glasses was synthesized and their physical, structural and lasing features were studied for potential orange emission photonic applications. Structural and elemental investigations are done via XPS and EDX analyses. The spectroscopic paraments as a function of the added additive were analysed to discover the suitable glass. The evaluation of bonding parameters from the absorption studies verified the ionic bonding between the oxygen ligand and the Sm (III) ions in the glasses with respect to the additives. Four luminescence emission bands were observed from the emission spectra and the 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition is found to be hypersensitive which denotes intense orange emission. The lasing action determining features like transition probability (Arad), branching ratio (βR) and stimulation emission cross section (σsec) are found to be higher for the Ba oxide containing glass which is a potential medium for red-orange light emission and visible orange photonic applications. The higher quantum efficiency (75.83%) of the Ba containing glass under 476 nm excitation indicates its suitability in high-quality orange light applications. The Judd Ofelt and CIE colorimetric investigations discovered that the studied glass are high-quality media for optoelectronic applications.

Luminescence performance of Dy3+ ions incorporated modifier reliant boro-tellurite glasses for white light applications

A diverse array/unique set of Dysprosium (Dy3+) activated alkali boro-tellurite glasses were synthesized for the current study using the conventional approach of glass fabrication, and its potential for photonic applications were explored utilizing optical absorption, emission, and decay measurement methods. In the interest of assessing the Rare Earth (RE) ions bonding behavior with the neighboring metal ligand site, and to establish the glasses ionic/covalence nature, bonding parameters (δ) and Nephelauxetic ratios were computed from the absorption band locations. For the as-prepared samples, the Judd-Ofelt parameters and oscillator strengths were determined in order to scrutinize the uniformity of the ligands surrounding Dy3+ ions. The calculated JO values consistently pursue Ω2 > Ω4 > Ω6 pattern for all samples, indicating their asymptotic character. When excited at 387 nm, the emission spectra demonstrate three intense transitions; 4F9/2→6H15/2, 4F9/2→6H13/2 and 4F9/2→6H11/2. Among them, strong yellow emission was observed owing to the increased transfer of electrons to 6H13/2 level. Besides, using JO parameters, radiative parameters were determined which was followed by lifetime studies to actualize the novel applications. The photoluminescence spectra were employed to estimate the CIE coordinates (x, y) and Yellow/Blue ratio, furthermore the (x, y) values were used to calculate the colour purity followed by colour correlated temperature (CCT). This demonstrates that the prepared samples have the ability to emit neutral white light.

Impacts of manganese oxide nanoparticles on the magnetic behaviour of Eu3+ doped borotellurite glasses

This study investigates the effect of manganese oxide nanoparticles (Mn3O4 NPs) concentration on the magnetic properties of borotellurite (BT) glass. Manganese oxide (Mn3O4) is a transition metal nanoparticle that favoured due to high magnetic and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) attributes. A series of Mn3O4 NPs embedded Eu3+ doped BT glasses are prepared using melt quenching technique. The impacts of Mn3O4 NPs on the magnetic behaviours of BT glass are examined. XRD patterns verified the glass’s amorphous nature. The high spin of Mn2+ in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination, respectively, is attributable to two prominent values of the g factor between 4.39 to 4.45 and 1.80 to 1.98 in the Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurement. Additionally, it reveals the existence of asymmetries in the sites of the Mn2+ centres and that covalent bonds predominate. The fabrication of BT glass stimulated by the concentration of Mn3O4 NPs may contribute towards the development applications especially in nonlinear optical fields.

Influence of various gamma-ray doses on radiation shielding, thermal, mechanical, structural, and optical properties of tellurite, borate, and boro-tellurite glasses modified with molybdenum and strontium oxide

In this work, we investigate the effects of gamma radiation ranges from 2.5 to 100 kGy and different percentages of TeO2 on the radiation-shielding, mechanical, optical, and structural features of borate glass modified with molybdenum and strontium oxide. Different equipment was employed in this study. The gamma-ray doses changed the color of the glass samples and became darker as the dose increased. The mechanical features of borate glass are superior to boro-tellurite and tellurite glass, and Young's modulus values are 18.903, 44.113, and 68.912 GPa for tellurite, boro-tellurite, and tellurite, respectively. Simultaneously, the mechanical characteristics of all glass systems improved after exposure to a gamma dosage of up to 2.5 kGy, followed by a reduction in these features after raising the dose to 50 and 100 kGy. At the same time, borate glass is the most thermally stable of the three types of glasses, followed by boro tellurite and tellurite glasses. Exposing glass systems to various gamma-ray doses reduces band gaps, while adding TeO2, instead of borate, reduced the band gap from 2.00 to 2.27 eV. The FTIR and Raman spectroscopy showed different vibrations bands attributed to diversity between borate and tellurite, while the diverse gamma-ray doses do not change the band positions. On another side, the shielding features for glass systems were explored theoretically and experimentally. The results showed good compatibility between the two methods, and the relative difference ranged from 0 to 9%. The tellurite glass showed the highest radiation shielding features than boro-tellurite and borate, and the MAC values for borate, boro-tellurite, and borate are 0.165, 0.264, and 0.321 cm2/g at 184 keV. On another side, the borate and boro-tellurite glass samples didn't show any variation in experimental mass attenuation coefficient at different gamma-ray doses. In contrast, the tellurite glass showed a high attenuation parameter reduction after exposure to different gamma-ray doses. It is concluded that the borate glass offered the most increased stability against gamma-ray doses, which nominates this glass for use in various nuclear applications.

Evaluation study on experimental and theoretical simulation elastic properties analysis of neodymium-doped magnesium borotellurite glasses

This study investigated the elastic, structural, and physical of magnesium borotellurite glasses modified with neodymium oxide. The bulk sample's density increased from 3.97 g/cm3 to 4.10 g/cm3 by raising the Nd2O3 concentration while molar volume illustrated a contrary trend. X-ray diffraction analysis proves the amorphous state of glasses and elastic moduli demonstrated a linear increase with the increment of Nd2O3. The elastic modulus shows and increasing trend with the progress of neodymium concentration. The elastic moduli from Makishima-Mackenzie and Rocherulle’s model followed the same trend as the experimental values. The results show that the MBTNd-3 glass sample currently has the optimum properties, indicating that the MBTNd-3 glass sample is potentially used for high-strength glass applications.

Color Tuning and Optical Temperature Sensing Properties of Upconversion Emission in Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+Doped Boro-Zinctellurite Glasses

Zinc borotellurite (B2O3/BaO/ZnO/TeO2) glasses co-doped with Tm3+/Yb3+, Er3+/Yb3+ and tri-doped Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ were prepared using the traditional melt quenching method. Optical absorption spectra were measured in the wavelength range of 350 nm-1100 nm at room temperature. The optical bandgap (Eg) and Urbach energy were calculated from Tauc’s plot. Blue and green emissions that can be seen by the naked eye were generated under 975 nm laser light excitation in doped Tm3+/Yb3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ doped glasses. Shifts in both blue and green color coordinates were seen as the excitation power density increased from 0.5 to 15.1 W cm−2. A white light generation was generated in glass doped with Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ ions, although a noticeable shift was not observed in both blue and green color coordinates for the same excitation power density range. Temperature sensing properties were investigated using the fluorescence intensity ratio of upconversion green emissions from the two thermally coupled 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 levels of Er3+ ions between 304 K and 443 K. The maximum sensitivity of the glasses doped with Er3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ were found to be 7.2 × 10−3 K−1 and 1.2 × 10−2 K−1 at 429 K, respectively.

Correlation between thulium concentration and elastic properties in magnesium borotellurite glass systems

Correlation between thulium concentration and elastic properties in magnesium borotellurite glass systems

Investigations of structural modifications, physical and optical properties of lead boro-tellurite glasses doped with europium trioxide for possible optical switching applications

This manuscript intends to the structural modifications, and physical and optical properties of a set of heavy metal alkali boro-tellurite glasses doped with Eu2O3. These glasses were produced by a conservative melt-quenching method. The existence of non-crystalline properties in the glasses was ascertained by X-ray diffraction analysis. The structural modifications were noticed by MAS-NMR spectroscopic investigation. Physical properties such as density, molar volume, oxygen packing density, average boron-boron separation, interionic distance, and polaron radius have been calculated by a suitable approach. The optical absorption studies were made through UV-visible absorption spectroscopy in the 350 nm to 800 nm wavelength range. The optical properties namely, optical energy bandgap, Urbach energy, optical basicity, electronegativity, and electric susceptibility, were also determined by using appropriate methods. The MAS-NMR spectroscopic experiments reveal that fewer BO4 units are converted to BO3 units and those NBOs are turned into bridging oxygen at a lower rate. The optical refractive index values and optical dielectric constant range from 2.241 to 2.358, and 5.0220 to 5.5601, respectively. The obtained energy band gap values (Eg(d): 3.367 eV to 3.597 eV and Eg(ind) 2.109 eV to 2.863 eV) and other significant optical parameters suggest that the investigated glasses are potential candidates for europium-doped fiber amplifier applications and possible optical switching applications.

Sensitizing effect of Sm3+ ions on Eu3+ incorporated boro-tellurite glasses for tunable red emission

Sm3+, Eu3+ singly doped and Sm3+/Eu3+ co-doped tungsten sodium zinc boro-tellurite glasses were prepared by melt quenching technique and the optical properties of these glasses have been investigated thoroughly. Under the excitation at 394 nm the Eu3+ doped prepared glass shows global red emission at x = 0.648, y = 0.341 in CIE1931 chromaticity diagram which is close to commercially developed phosphor Y2O2S: Eu3+ (0.647, 0.343) under near-UV excitation. Upon excitation at 404 nm, the Sm3+/Eu3+ co-doped glasses exhibit all the emission peaks for Sm3+ as well as Eu3+ ions, while exciting at 464 nm does not show the same result. Emission quenching occurs beyond 0.5 mol% of Sm3+ ions concentration in the present co-doped glasses. The possibility of non-radiative energy transfer from Sm3+ ions to Eu3+ ions has been verified by Forster-Dexter theory. The analysis of the decay profile for the 4G5/2 energy level of Sm3+ ions in the co-doped glass using Inokuti-Hirayama model suggests that the interaction between Sm3+-Eu3+ ions may be dipole-dipole in nature. The efficiency (ηT(Sm→Eu)) and probability rate (PT(Sm→Eu)) of energy transfer from Sm3+ → Eu3+ have been evaluated as 0.08 and 167 s−1, respectively. The results obtained from the radiative analysis suggest that the prepared glasses could be potentially used as red and orange-red or tuning red emitting materials.

Investigations on physical, structural, elastic, optical and radiation shielding properties of boro-tellurite glasses for radiation waste management applications

The boro-tellurite glasses with the chemical composition 29B2O3+20TeO2+50MO +1Dy2O3 containing different modifiers (where M = Ba, Li2, Sr, Ca, Mg and Zn) have been produced via conventional melt quenching method. The elastic, structural, physical, optical bandgap properties and the high energy photon shielding behavior of the produced glasses were extensively inspected through appropriate characterization techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms amorphous character of the as-quenched samples. The Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis reveals the presence of functional groups by the way of their stretching and bending vibrational modes. The estimation of parameters like Boron–Boron separation (dB−B), Bond density (n0), oxygen molar volume (V0), and Oxygen Packing Density (OPD) were facilitated to understand the detailed structural modifications and the moduli of elasticity (E, K, G, σ) parameters were determined for the fabricated the boro-tellurite glasses. The barium incorporated present boro-tellurite glass possess lower OPD and higher average molecular weight and it might make the glass network densely packed. To ensure the radiation protection ability, defending parameters such as equivalent atomic number, mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), Effective electron density, half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP) and build-up factors of the titled glasses were determined employing the user friendly Phy-X software. Barium cations added boro-tellurite glass found to have the shortest MFP and HVL, as well as the lowest EBF in the low and intermediate energy zones indicating the potential for using the barium cations incorporated boro-tellurite glass as alternatives for conventional concretes in shielding and waste management applications.

Role of Sm3+ ions as network-modifying on elastic, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties of MgO–B2O3–TeO2 glasses

A series of samarium doped magnesium borotellurite glass with empirical formula (60-x)TeO2–30B2O3–10MgO–x (Sm2O3) was produced via melt-quenching technique, with x is varied to 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mol%. The bulk density of the Sm-doped MBT glass was increased from 4.105 g/cm3 to 4.403 g/cm3 by adding samarium oxide. Besides, the molar volume illustrated a contrary trend with the decreasing range from 29.39 cm3/mol to 28.69 cm3/mol. XRD analysis proves the amorphous state of glasses and elastic moduli demonstrated a linear increase with the increment of Sm2O3. The longitudinal modulus, L, varies between 60.57 and 73.24 GPa, whereas Young's modulus, E, changes from 50.83 to 61.92 GPa. In addition, the bulk modulus, K, varies between 33.37 and 40.00 GPa, and the shear modulus, G, ranges between 20.39 and 24.93 GPa. The Poisson's ratio values were noted to be between 0.236 and 0.246. Furthermore, the microhardness increase in the range of 5.35–6.61 GPa. The elastic moduli from the Makishima-Mackenzie model followed the same trend as the experimental values. For theoretical evaluation of the shielding properties, the Phy-X program was used. The results show that the MBTGSm3.0 glass sample currently has the highest shielding properties due to the addition of Sm2O3 to the glass structure, indicating that the glass sample was suitable for radiation glass shielding applications.

Radiation and Emission Phenomena in Combination

Radiation and Emission Phenomena in Combination

The effect of zinc oxide on the physical and optical characteristics of calcium oxide containing boro-tellurite glasses

Glassy system with a chemical compositions of xZnO-10CaO-30TeO2-(60-x)B2O3 (x = 0 to 20 mol% with stepwise 5 mol%) was synthesized by conventional melt quenching method. The non-crystallinecharacter of the produced glasses was verified by X-ray diffraction analysis. Variations in the molar concentration of additional ZnO resulted in a densityrange of 3.19–3.77 g/cm3 for the current glasses. Through analysis of Ultraviolet Absorption spectrum, optical properties like cut-off (λc) optical energy band gap (Eopt), Urbach energy (ΔE),refractive index were determined. The cut-off wave length (λc) was increased, whereas, indirect band gap energy decreased with addition of ZnO content. The Urbach energy (ΔE) of the present glasses increased with ZnO content which confirms more disorderness. As the amount of ZnO in the glass system changed, the refractive index shifted from 2.23 to 2.30 with changing of ZnO content. The FTIR spectra confirmed the structural changes with increasing ZnO content. The higher refractive index values of the studied glasses and the presence TeO2 and ZnO enables the prominence of the glasses for NLO and antimicrobial applications.

Synthesis, physical and optical properties of boro-tellurite glasses co-doped with bismuth oxide

Synthesis of bismuth-boro-tellurite (TBB) glasses with batch composition (80-X) TeO2-20%B2O3-X%Bi2O3 (x = 5, 10, 15, 20 mol%) have been synthesized by using the traditional melting and quench technique. Structures of prepared sample were checked by X-Ray Diffraction. The thermal characteristics of prepared specimens were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Physical properties that exhibit the effect of Bi2O3 on glass structure include density, oxygen packing density (OPD), Bi3+ concentration (N), inter-nuclear distance Ri and polaron radius Rp. Various optical characteristics including refractive index (n), Urbach energy, absorbance and direct and indirect allowed transition optical energy band gaps were studied.

Effects of Ce3+/Sm3+ co-doping as a luminescent modifier in borotellurite glasses for solid-state lighting

Effects of Ce3+/Sm3+ co-doping as a luminescent modifier in borotellurite glasses for solid-state lighting

Gamma-ray-induced changes in the radiation shielding, structural, mechanical, and optical properties of borate, tellurite, and borotellurite glass systems modified with barium and bismuth oxide

This study explores the impact of different gamma-ray doses (2.5, 50, and 100 kGy) and TeO2 ratios on the structural, optical, mechanical, and radiation-shielding properties of borate glass systems modified with barium and bismuth oxide. Various physicochemical instruments were utilized to investigate these properties. The samples’ colors changed for all glasses with gamma-ray irradiation, and the color became more darkened with increasing doses. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman results confirmed the glass structure stability with different doses, but they offer a variation in intensity compatible with the bandgap energy results. Borate glass has the highest mechanical properties compared to the tellurite and borotellurite glass systems. Concomitantly, a gamma dose of up to 2.5 kGy enhanced the mechanical properties of all glass systems and then showed a reduction. Moreover, borate glass has the highest thermal stability compared to the tellurite and borotellurite glass, and gamma doses showed a slight variation. The tellurite and borate glasses recorded the highest and lowest band gaps, respectively. Experiments on the radiation-shielding properties and the effect of gamma doses were performed. The gamma-ray doses affected the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) values of the tellurite and borotellurite glass samples. In contrast, the borate glass samples exhibited the highest MAC withstanding against gamma doses, and MAC values showed no variation with changing gamma doses. In summary, borate glass has the highest thermal stability, structural and mechanical properties, and stability in radiation-shielding features, which shows promise as an alternative for use in the radiation-shielding field.

Tailoring optimal translocation conditions towards proximity of borotellurite glasses to the red spectrum through CeO2 for practical applications

We report the critical optical properties such as Average Visible Transmittance (AVT), colour, Color Rendering Index (CRI), and Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of a multicomponent glass system with a nominal composition of 50TeO2–30B2O3-(20-x)Li2O-xCeO2 (x = 0,0.5,1,2,3,4,5,10,15,20 mol%). Various advanced theoretical approaches as well as calculations are utilized in terms of determining the optical properties of studied glasses. The maximum transmittance and AVT values of the glass system exceeded 80% and 79.59%, respectively. The colour coordinates are found extremely near to D65 and the achromatic point without CeO2 contribution. According to our results, the current system has a promising ability to be utilized for coloured window applications in terms of both AVT and colour with 2% CeO2 doping. Our results showed that, the CeO2 additive is able to move the glass colour straight into the red spectrum by shifting the transmittance spectrum to the long-wavelength portion of the visible spectrum. With 10% CeO2 doping, opacity in the visible area and permeability in the NIR region are obtained, and the CCT value changes from 5002 K to 2560 K. It can be concluded that a filter system with modifiable NIR or red optical characteristics may be produced through the CeO2 alterations in borotellurite glass systems.

Optical Properties of Cerium Oxide Doped Zinc Borotellurite Glass

The addition of rare earth, zinc, and borate in tellurite glass was found can enhance the glass properties and overcome its existing weaknesses. These include improving the glass forming ability and stability. In this study, cerium-doped zinc borotellurite glasses were produced using conventional melt-quenching technique and the optical properties of the glasses were investigated. UV-VIS spectra show that the absorption edge shifted to a higher wavelength with CeO2 addition from 0 until 0.05 mol. Consequently, the direct and indirect optical band gap was found to decrease from 3.60 to 2.07 eV and 3.28 to 1.46 eV respectively. On the contrary, the refractive index was found to increase from 2.326 to 3.017. This is attributed to the presence of cerium ions and the formation of non-bridging oxygens. Besides that, the Urbach energy found to be maximum at 0.02 mol CeO2 and minimum at 0.00 mol CeO2. This indicates that there are some structural disorders occur in the glass network as CeO2 introduced into the system. The molar refraction, molar polarizability, oxide ion polarizability and optical basicity exhibited similar trend of data as the CeO2 content was increased which signifies the relation of these parameters. Meanwhile, the metallization criterion is reported to be decreased, indicating that the glass sample become more metallized with the addition of cerium oxide.

Role of Ag nanoparticles embedded on optical, photoluminescence and elastic properties of samarium magnesium borotellurite glass system

This paper reports the effect of silver nanoparticle (Ag NPs) on the optical, photoluminescence and elastic properties of samarium magnesium borotellurite (TBMSm) glass system with nominal composition of (58-x) TeO2–30B2O3–10MgO-2Sm2O3-xAg NPs, where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mol% synthesized via melt quenching method. To achieve the goals, the glasses are analyzed using densitometer, X-Ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, UV–Visible Spectroscopy, Photoluminescence, CIE Chromaticity analysis and ultrasonic testing. The density is decreased from 4.162 to 4.310 g/cm3 with the incorporation of Ag NPs. The absence of a prominent peak in the XRD area demonstrated that the glasses were amorphous. TEM shows that the diameter size of Ag NPs is increasing from 40.94 nm to 367.70 nm with the rise of Ag NPs concentration. The indirect transitions have an optical band gap of 2.618–2.800 eV, while direct transitions have an optical band gap of 2.839–2.897 eV. The refractive index is ranging between 2.453 and 2.508 while the Urbach energy, ΔE, is in the range of 0.338–0.391 eV. Photoluminescence measurement shows the occurrence of four emission intensity at different wavelength, with the highest red emission intensity at 605 nm. The analysis of colour chromaticity indicated that the colour coordinates were situated in the red-orange region. When Ag NPs were incorporated into the glass sample, there was an inconsistent pattern observed in the values of the longitudinal, shear, Young's, and bulk moduli, which ranged from 59.17 to 70.84 GPa, 20.70–24.21 GPa, 50.97–60.02 GPa, and 31.57–41.77 GPa, respectively.

Influence of dysprosium oxide on physical and optical characteristics of zinc boro-tellurite glasses for optoelectronic device application

Glasses with compositions [(50-X) TeO2 − 20 B2O3 − 30 ZnO − x Dy2O3] where X = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mol% were synthesized by melt quenching method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed the amorphous nature of the as-prepared glasses. UV–Vis absorption and PL spectroscopy studied the optical properties of the glass samples. High absorption of glass samples observed up to 3 mol% of Dy2O3, and then increasing the concentration of Dy2O3 reduces the absorption. The increasing concentration of Dy2O3 formed the glass sample containing 4 and 5 mol% Dy2O3 acts as a UV band-cutting filter. CIE achromatic color coordinates and CCT results for visible transitions confirm the ability of the glass samples under study as potential materials for white light-emitting diodes and laser application. The studies suggest that these materials are suitable for optoelectronic application.