Boron Adsorbent Research Articles

Boron adsorption from aqueous solutions through column study: desorption mechanisms, regeneration techniques, and kinetic insights

Recovering boron from aqueous solutions presents a significant opportunity for enhancing sustainable resource management and reducing costs within the oil and gas industry. This research focuses on evaluating newly synthesized adsorbents. Specifically, it investigates the boron adsorption and desorption in fixed bed columns of 25 cm in length and 2.5 cm in diameter, utilizing bed depths at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 cm. Four different flow rates (2, 4, 6, and 8 mL/min) were used, all maintaining constant concentrations of 85 mg/L, which were determined as optimal through prior batch studies. In boron breakthrough, the maximum and minimum points ranged from (60,12) minutes to (280,100) minutes, respectively, across different experimental conditions. The maximum uptake (qe) reaches 22.86 mg/g, and the minimum uptake was 5.85 mg/g with bed heights of 2.5 cm and 10 cm, respectively. The kinetic analysis revealed that the Thomas model provided a strong fit for boron extraction, having R2 ratings between 0.9 and 0.95. The efficiency of boron desorption reached 75 %. Notably, boron extraction using Derived Boron Adsorbent)DBA( 160 mg under conditions of a 10 cm bed depth, 48 cm3 pore volume, and a flow rate of 6 mL/min. The research conclusions show how well DBA works to adsorb boron from aqueous solutions and show significant insights into the adsorption and desorption process. Therefore, DBA was selected as the preferred method for boron adsorption because of its exceptional ability to absorb boron efficiently and its high sorption capacity.

Preparation and Performance Study of Boron Adsorbent from Plasma-Grafted Polypropylene Melt-Blown Fibers.

In this study, the plasma graft polymerization technique was used to graft glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto polypropylene (PP) melt-blown fibers, which were subsequently aminated with N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) by a ring-opening reaction, resulting in the formation of a boron adsorbent denoted as PP-g-GMA-NMDG. The optimal conditions for GMA concentration, grafting time, grafting temperature, and the quantity of NMDG were determined using both single factor testing and orthogonal testing. These experiments determined the optimal process conditions to achieve a high boron adsorption capacity of PP-g-GMA-NMDG. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectrum analysis (EDS), and water contact angle measurements were performed to characterize the prepared adsorbent. Boron adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of pH, time, temperature, and boron concentration on the boron adsorption capacity of PP-g-GMA-NMDG. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics of PP-g-GMA-NMDG for boron were also studied. The results demonstrated that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and a Langmuir isothermal model. At a pH of 6, the maximum saturation adsorption capacity of PP-g-GMA-NMDG for boron was 18.03 ± 1 mg/g. In addition, PP-g-GMA-NMDG also showed excellent selectivity for the adsorption of boron in the presence of other cations, such as Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, PP-g-GMA-NMDG, and exhibited excellent selectivity towards boron adsorption. These results indicated that the technique of preparing PP-g-GMA-NMDG is both viable and environmentally benign. The PP-g-GMA-NMDG that was made has better qualities than other similar adsorbents. It has a high adsorption capacity, great selectivity, reliable repeatability, and easy recovery. These advantages indicated that the adsorbents have significant potential for widespread application in the separation of boron in water.

Preparation and Adsorption Performance of Boron Adsorbents Derived from Modified Waste Feathers.

This research focuses on modifying discarded feathers by grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto their surface through thiolation, followed by an epoxy ring-opening reaction with N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) to synthesize feather-based boron adsorbents. Optimization of the adsorbent preparation conditions was achieved through single-factor experiments, varying temperature, time, GMA concentration, and initiator dosage. The synthesized adsorbent (F-g-GMA-NMDG) underwent characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption behavior of the adsorbent was studied, and its boron adsorption capacity at different temperatures was determined through static adsorption kinetic curves. Analysis of adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics was conducted. Results indicate that the boron adsorption process by F-g-GMA-NMDG follows a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption process is endothermic, with higher temperatures promoting adsorption efficiency. Gibbs free energy (ΔG) confirms the spontaneity of the adsorption process. Enhanced adsorption efficacy was observed under neutral and acidic pH conditions. After four cycles, the adsorbent maintained its adsorption efficiency, demonstrating its stability and potential for reuse. This study provides novel insights into both the treatment of discarded feathers and the development of boron adsorbents.

Green synthesis of polyol functionalized cotton linter polymer adsorbents by the hydrothermal method: Effects of the structure of the ligands for boron anionic species capture

The complex and diverse forms of boron in aqueous solutions have presented a major challenge for boron separation. Boron can be chemically complexed with polyols to achieve the purpose of separation. It is of great significance to clarify the mechanism of polyol ligand capturing boron anion for optimizing the best ligand. The facile environmentally friendly functionalization of cotton linter polymer with amino-polyol was successfully demonstrated and resulted in essential polyhydroxy ligands containing amines for strong interactions with boron. The adsorption capacity of the boron adsorbents with the most –OH and N is up to 27.88 mg/g. The presence of the N, high vicinal diol content, and the branched structure all have a positive effect on the complexation efficiency. Optimization of the ligand structure is helpful to increase the boron uptake and it is of great significance to design the best adsorbent for boron separation from salt lake brine.

Hydrophilic magnetic Ti3C2Tx-based nanocomposite as an efficient boron adsorbent: Synthesis, characterization, and application

It is widely recognized that wastewater containing boron is an environmental issue. Therefore, the development of adsorbents with excellent adsorption capacity, stability, and recyclability is essential in water treatment applications. A Fe3O4/PDA/Ti3C2Tx/PEI/DHHA nanocomposite has been prepared that can be used to separate and recover boric acid by adjusting the pH of the solution, based on the affinity theory of boric acid and cis-diol. Through series characterization, it was determined that the adsorbent possessed good magnetic properties, high hydrophilicity and high loading capacities. In this study, 4-formylphenylboronic acid (FPBA) was selected as the model compound. The nanocomposite exhibited an adsorption equilibrium time of 10 h and an adsorption capacity of 98.99 mg/g at pH = 8.5 and 25 °C. The Langmuir isothermal model and the quasi-secondary kinetic model are both appropriate for describing the adsorption process. Thermodynamic results suggest that adsorption is a spontaneous chemisorption process. Furthermore, the nanocomposite retains good regeneration performance after five adsorption-desorption cycles.

Potential Use of Agricultural Waste—Carob Kibbles (Ceratonia siliqua L.) as a Biosorbent for Removing Boron from Wastewater

The release of boron (B) into the environment as a result of anthropogenic activity modifies sustainable natural conditions, thus affecting ecosystems. To meet water quality regulations, commercial and natural boron adsorbents are available to reduce its concentrations in industrial effluents, with the former being not only more expensive but also less sustainable. In the publication, the biosorption parameters of carob kibbles (Ceratonia siliqua L.) were optimized in order to remove boron from aqueous solutions using batch experiments. The biosorbent used in the present research was agro-waste biomass provided by the local locust-beam gum industry. Boron removal by carob kibbles was favored at high initial pH values, and this capacity was found to be a function of boron initial concentration, biosorbent content in the solution, and particle size. The change in temperature did not affect the potential of biomass to remove boron. The highest boron removal efficiency (55.1%) was achieved under the following optimal conditions: 50 g/L biosorbent dose (Cs), with particle size range 0.025–0.106 mm, for the initial concentration (C0) of boron in the solution of 100 mg/L, at an initial pH of 11.5, for 5 h at 25 °C. This investigation suggests that carob kibble agro-waste can be valorized as a biosorbent to remove boron from wastewater, and the boron-loaded residue may eventually be explored as a new boron-fertilizer.

Boron Adsorption Using NMDG-Modified Polypropylene Melt-Blown Fibers Induced by Ultraviolet Grafting.

Boron is in high demand in many sectors, yet there are significant flaws in current boron resource utilization. This study describes the synthesis of a boron adsorbent based on polypropylene (PP) melt-blown fiber using ultraviolet (UV)-induced grafting of Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto PP melt-blown fiber, followed by an epoxy ring-opening reaction with N-methyl-D-glucosamine (NMDG). Using single-factor studies, grafting conditions such as the GMA concentration, benzophenone dose, and grafting duration were optimized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and water contact angle were used to characterize the produced adsorbent (PP-g-GMA-NMDG). The PP-g-GMA-NMDG adsorption process was examined by fitting the data with different adsorption settings and models. The results demonstrated that the adsorption process was compatible with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model; however, the internal diffusion model suggested that the process was impacted by both extra- and intra-membrane diffusion. According to thermodynamic simulations, the adsorption process was exothermic. At pH 6, the greatest saturation adsorption capacity to boron was 41.65 mg·g-1 for PP-g-GMA-NMDG. The PP-g-GMA-NMDG preparation process is a feasible and environmentally friendly route, and the prepared PP-g-GMA-NMDG has the advantages of high adsorption capacity, outstanding selectivity, good reproducibility, and easy recovery when compared to similar adsorbents, indicating that the reported adsorbent is promising for boron separation from water.

Preparation and application of porous functional polymers for boron removal in seawater desalination by a mild and free-organic solvents process

The development of high-performance adsorbents to address high concentrations of boron and thus acquirement of drinkable water from seawater is a huge challenge. Most of the boron removal adsorbents reported in the literature have complex and organic solvents involved in preparation processes, which makes industrial production difficult. Herein, the porous cross-linked polyglycidyl methacrylate (CLPGMA) with a rich pore structure is prepared in one step by water-in-oil high internal phase emulsification, and then functionalized using water as a solvent to dissolve glucosamine to obtain the boron removal adsorbent. The whole preparation process is facile and free-organic solvents, making it suitable for further industrial production. The adsorbent demonstrates excellent performance in batch adsorption. Especially, we propose to combine the adsorption with reverse osmosis technology, by which the drinkable desalinated seawater can be obtained. The column adsorption experiments show that the adsorbent can rapidly remove boron from desalinated seawater at high flow rates under dynamic conditions to meet drinking water standards. This research provides a new method for the green large-scale synthesis of high-performance boron adsorbent for seawater desalination.

Removal of boron in aqueous solution by magnesium oxide with the hydration process

Excessive boron in an aqueous solution will endanger the growth of animals and plants and the normal operation of industrial production. To solve the problem of boron pollution, magnesium oxide (MgO) was prepared by precipitation, hydrothermal and calcination to remove boron from aqueous solution. The change of MgO before and after adsorption was analyzed by SEM, BET, XRD, FT-IR, and XPS characterization and calculation methods. Surface hydration of MgO and its transformation to magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) may be the main process of adsorption on boron. In addition, the adsorption of boron by MgO is an exothermic process and has relatively mild adsorption conditions (pH: 7–9). The maximum adsorption amount could reach 202.43 mg/g within 6 h (pH ≈ 9, T = 25 °C), higher than most boron adsorbents. Moreover, MgO has a certain anti-interference to competitive ions and can be renewable in alkaline solutions. Therefore, MgO is a potential low-cost boron adsorbent.

Magnetic Separation of Oxoacid of Boron from Salt-Lake Brine by Synergistically Enhanced Boron Adsorbents of Glucose-Functionalized SiO2 and Graphene.

The adsorption separation and extraction of low-concentration boron from salt-lake brine have great significance. Magnetic separation avoids the problem of adsorbent granulation and improves the usage efficiency. The silicon-based adsorbents have attracted interest due to their superior acid and alkali resistance, in which polyhydroxy graphene enhances the adsorption of boron ions. Herein different boron adsorbents, derived by magnetic separation, were developed and characterized by SEM, TEM, XPS, VSM, FT-IR, and XRD analysis. The adsorption-desorption performance of boron adsorbents with different compositions was evaluated. The isotherms and kinetics parameters of the boron extraction were evaluated based on adsorption-desorption tests. The graphene-based magnetic adsorbent (Go-Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2-Glu) registered a high boron adsorption capacity of 23.90 mg/g at pH = 9 in the boron solution and 24.84 mg/g for East Taigener salt-lake brine. The Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl− ions have little interference with the boron adsorption. The adsorbents exhibit magnetic separation performance and good cycle life. The results showed that acid-alkali desorption solution has little effect on the adsorbents, and the composite of graphene enhances the adsorption of boron ions. The adsorbents developed in this study are promising to recover boron from low-concentration boron-containing salt-lake brines.

Boron adsorption and isotopic separation from water by isostructural metal-organic frameworks MIL-100(M)

Adsorption has been expected to be promising for boron-containing water treatment, boron resources recovery and boron isotopic separation. Although metal-organic frameworks have been demonstrated to be potential adsorbent candidates, in-depth investigation of the structure-performance relationship remains insufficient. Herein, the performance and mechanism of boron adsorption and isotopic separation were systematically investigated with isostructural MOFs. Six isomorphic MIL-100(M) materials with metal species from the third main group (Al, Ga and In) and the fourth period (Sc, Cr and Fe) were solvothermally synthesized as boron adsorbents. Superior boron isotopic separation factors (S) with 10B preference and comparable boron adsorption capacity (Q) were observed through batch boron adsorption experiments, where MIL-100(Al) exhibited the highest S of 1.618 and MIL-100(Sc) achieved the largest Q of 8.74 g-B/mol-MOF. A high correlation between metal atomic radius and performance was revealed and a plausible mechanism was proposed for boron adsorption and isotopic separation involving the important role of the metal center through post-adsorption characterization. This study will pave the way for designing boron adsorbents with improved properties and promote the efficient utilization of boron resources in water.

Boron removal by glucamine-functionalized inverse vulcanized sulfur polymer

Boron removal by novel sulfur-based boron selective adsorbent is herein reported. The sulfur-based polymer prepared by the inverse vulcanization of sulfur and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) under optimized reaction conditions was used as a substrate and further functionalized by N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) under optimized reaction conditions. Batch adsorption boron removal tests showed that a pH of 9 results in the highest adsorption capacity while an increase in the adsorbent dosage also showed a non-linear increase in the removal capacity. Acid and alkali regeneration of the used adsorbent showed 86% of its initial capacity after five cycles. The equilibrium isotherms of the adsorption were best fitted with the Redlich-Peterson model indicating that the boron adsorption obeys the principles of both monolayer and multilayer adsorption with a Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of 7.186 mg/g. On the other hand, pseudo-second-order best fitted the adsorption kinetics meaning that chemisorption is the main controlling mechanism. The thermodynamic studies showed an endothermic spontaneous adsorption process with an increased randomness degree at the solid/liquid interface after the adsorption. The developed adsorbent is the first sulfur-rich polymer and selective boron adsorbent that can effectively reduce boron in water while also offering a considerably lower price due to utilizing the cheap and already available elemental sulfur.

Removal of boron from aqueous solutions by N-methyl-D-glucamine@γ-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane with nonwoven basalt fibers support

Waste water with boron is a widespread environmental problem. This work presents a kind of novel organic-inorganic composite boron adsorbent of NGN, N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) @γ-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) on the nonwoven basalt fibers (NBF), which is environmentally friendly, water resistance, non-toxicity and low cost. The effect of various parameters on the adsorption performance of NGN, such as pH value, boron concentration, contact time and different ion concentrations, was investigated. The optimum adsorption capacity of 1.64 mmol/g occurred in the vicinity of pH 9.0, and NGN possessed the fast adsorption equilibrium of boron within 40 min. In the presence of competing ions, Na+ and Li+ had little effect on the adsorption of boron, while Mg2+ promoted the adsorption of boron. The features of NGN adsorption process were assessed by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The experimental data of NGN boron adsorbent was well described by using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, after eight times adsorption-desorption cycles, NGN still featured excellent regeneration performance. All the experimental results illustrate that NGN could be efficiently utilized for separating and recycling boron from aqueous solutions.

Syntheses of D-glucamine and N-methyl-D-glucamine modified chitosan for boron adsorption

Two types of biodegradable chitosan-base boron adsorbents were synthesized by introducing D-glucamine and N-methyl-D-glucamine functional groups. Structural analysis was carried out using 1H-NMR. The maximum boron adsorption values were 3.5 mg g[Formula: see text] (equilibrium concentration, [Formula: see text] ppm), and 7.3 mg g[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] ppm) for D-glucamine and N-methyl-D-glucamine type chitosan adsorbents, respectively. The obtained boron adsorption capacity of N-methyl-D-glucamine modified chitosan was found to be 7.3 mg g[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] ppm) higher than that of the boron absorbent Amberlite IRA743. Thus, the biodegradable [Formula: see text]-methyl-D-glucamine-modified chitosan synthesized in this study is expected to be useful as a commercial product.

Unveiling the nature of boric acid adsorption by metal-organic frameworks with hexanuclear clusters

A growing demand of boric acid has been forecasted with the rapid development of industries while the world is suffering the consequence from boron-containing wastewater. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with exceptional stability and remarkable surface area have been preliminarily identified as effective boron adsorbents, adsorption mechanism has yet been elucidated though. Herein Zr6/Hf6-based NU-1008 and NU-903 were studied for boron removal from water for the first time where around 4.82, 6.27, 3.49 and 6.34 boron were captured per Zr6/Hf6 cluster for Zr-NU-1008, Hf-NU-1008, Zr-NU-903 and Hf-NU-903 through a spontaneous endothermic process with fast kinetics by means of chemisorption. Larger capacity of Hf6-based MOFs than Zr6-based MOFs can be explained by the weaker electronegativity of hafnium than zirconium. The increased binding energy of Zr 3d, Hf 4f and O 1s as well as reduced binding energy of B 1s suggested the interaction between electron-deficient boron and the hexanuclear clusters (M6). Owing to the crystalline nature of NU-1008, the boron binding sites were precisely elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction where boric acid was attached to the available coordinative sites on the M6 clusters through the M6-O-B(OH)2 connection.

Nanorod‐Like Polymer Adsorbents with Intermediate Dihydroxy Functional Groups for Efficient Boron Removal

AbstractIntermediate dihydroxy (m‐diol) compounds act as grafting groups and one‐dimensional Poly(VBC‐DVB) copolymer as supporter, the short rod‐like adsorbents were prepared by grafting trihydroxymethyl aminomethane (TRIS) and 2‐amino‐1, 3‐propanediol (APD) on the polymer Poly(VBC‐DVB). The as‐synthesized adsorbents exhibit excellent boron adsorption capacities in neutral and weakly alkaline solutions because of the formation of stable six‐membered ring complexes. The novel boron adsorbents have potential applications in boron removal.

Optimization of boron adsorption from desalinated seawater onto UiO-66-NH2/GO composite adsorbent using response surface methodology

The removal of boron in desalinated seawater has always been one of the keys to restrict the use of desalinated seawater. For this reason, a composite adsorbent named UiO-66-NH2/GO was successfully prepared by a simple solvothermal method through this research. It is composed of graphene oxide and water-stable metal organic framework UiO-66-NH2, and for the first time as a boron adsorbent for the treatment of desalinated seawater. Various technologies were applied to systematically analyze the stability, structure, topography and chemical characteristics of the composite adsorbent. The relationship between the influencing factors and the adsorption effect was investigated, including the amount of adsorbent, contact time, initial concentration of boron, and pH of the boron solution. It is proved that the boron adsorption complies the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, the intra-particle diffusion model and the Langmuir isotherm model through the fitting of experimental results. The adsorption of boron by UiO-66-NH2/GO has both physical and chemical adsorption, including electrostatic attraction, covalent bond or electron transfer. The results of thermodynamic study pointed out the adsorption of boron is spontaneous and feasible. The response surface method was designed to improve the adsorption conditions of boron. The optimized adsorption conditions to reach 26.45 mg/g of boron adsorption were found to be at dosage of 75.03 mg/g with pH of 5 and temperature of 321.19 k. UiO-66-NH2/GO showed good removal ability for low concentration boron and good reusability. The above suggest that UiO-66-NH2/GO has the potential to be applied to desalinated seawater treatment.

Hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyl terminated polymer boron adsorbents

Environmental boron removal and salt lake brine boron enrichment are important separation processes, which are of great significance to animal and plant health, environmental safety, and effective use of resources. Polymers are often used for boron separation due to their low cost and high performance. In this study, Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl aminomethane (TRIS) and glucose functionalized polymer (P(GMA-co-TRIM)) were synthesized by hydrothermal method, and the polymer structure were characterized by FTIR, SEM, Mapping, XRD, XPS, PZC and TG-DSC-DTG. P(GMA-co-TRIM)-TRIS and P(GMA-co-TRIM)-Glu were used as boron adsorbents and the performance test were carried out. When the pH ​= ​8 of boron solution, the two adsorbents have the best adsorption performance, with the adsorption capacity of 16.25 and 18.09 ​mg/g, respectively. The effects of initial concentration and contact time on boron adsorption were studied. Langmuir adsorption isothermal model and pseudo-second-order model were more consistent with the adsorption data, and the adsorption process was chemical adsorption. The two adsorbents have strong resistance to ion interference and cycle life, and have potential application value in environmental boron removal and boron extraction from salt lake.

Glucose and glycidol grafted polyacrylonitrile particles by hydrothermal synthesis for enriched boron from aqueous solution

The removal of boron from aqueous solution and the enrichment of boron from salt lake have attracted more attention. In this work, ethylenediamine and polyethyleneimine were grafted onto polyacrylonitrile with different degree of polymerization by hydrothermal method, and then reacted with glycidol and glucose to introduce polyhydroxy structure. The chemical composition and surface properties of the four boron adsorbents were characterized by IR, SEM, Mapping, TG-DSC-DTG and BET. The adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics of boron adsorption were investigated systematically. The results showed that the maximum boron adsorption capacity of PAN85000/150000-EN-PG and PAN85000/150000-PEI-GLC were 18.43, 15.27, 19.27 and 20.91 mg/g, respectively. The four adsorbents obey Langmuir adsorption model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The presence of salt lake brine ions Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Cl− have little interference with boron adsorption. These adsorbents maintained good adsorption performance after 5 times adsorption-desorption processes. They are expected to be ideal environmentally friendly adsorbents for the enrichment of boron from salt lakes.

Facile Fabrication of N-Methyl-D-Glucamine Grafted HDPE Particle as Adsorbent for Boron Removal from Aqueous Solution

Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto the surface of HDPE particles by radiation grafting and emulsion graft copolymerization. And subsequent ring-opening reaction of expoxy groups in poly-GMA graft chains with N-methylglucamine (NMG) was conducted to synthesis the boron adsorbent. The synthesis condition (radiation dose and NMG concentration) was optimized and characterized by IR and SEM. Adsorption behaviors of the boron adsorbent for boron removal presented that adsorption kinetics was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic mode. The adsorption isothermal was well fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity for boron reached 15.63 mg/g at optimal pH 8. Dynamic experiment revealed that boron could be efficiently adsorbed by the boron adsorbent and fully desorbed using 13 BV of 1 mol/L HCl.