Boron Acid Research Articles

Effects of potassium, boron and fulvic acid spraying on quality and shelf life of Zebda mango fruits

Effects of potassium, boron and fulvic acid spraying on quality and shelf life of Zebda mango fruits

Effect of potassium, boron and fulvic acid spraying on fruting and tolerance of Zebda mango trees to abiotic stress

Effect of potassium, boron and fulvic acid spraying on fruting and tolerance of Zebda mango trees to abiotic stress

Combining boron acid and heat treatment for enhanced durability of Cunninghamia konishii plantation wood

This study evaluated the combined effects of boric acid treatment and heat modification on the durability and mechanical properties of Cunninghamia konishii plantation wood. The results indicated that boric acid treatment significantly improved the termite resistance of C. konishii wood. With a boric acid absorption level of 6.8 kg/m³, the treated wood exhibited a mass loss of only 1.3–2.9 % (meeting the <3 % termite resistance standard), compared to 12.5–21.8 % mass loss in untreated samples. Meanwhile, boron treatment was applied and increased termite mortality to over 99 %. Both boric acid and boron treatments have proven the efficacy in increasing wood durability, in terms of resisting brown-rot fungi and significantly reducing mass loss under specific conditions. This study results demonstrated that heat treatment alone improved wood dimensional stability by reducing wood swelling, with a consequent decrease in the wood air-dried density, from 398 kg/m³ to 373–396 kg/m³. It was also observed that the heat treatment increased the modulus of elasticity (MOE) but decreased the modulus of rupture (MOR). Furthermore, when combined with boric acid treatment, the heat treatment further increased the compressive strength and hardness of wood, but decreased the MOR and shear strength. An optimal treatment, involving a boric acid concentration of 6.8 kg/m³ at 170 °C for 2 hours, was conducted to assess its effectiveness in enhancing both durability and mechanical properties of wood, aiming to seek a balance between these crucial factors for wood applications.

Influence of Boron and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Yield of Summer Tomato

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a globally significant vegetable crop, valued for its nutritional and economic contributions. However, maximizing its yield and quality, particularly under challenging summer conditions, remains a critical agricultural concern. To assess the influence of boron (B) and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on the growth, yield and quality of summer tomato (BARI Hybrid Tomato 8), a field experiment was conducted at the Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, from May 2023 to August 2023. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications of each treatment. The unit plot size was 1.0 m × 1.0 m. There were 4 treatments T0: control (without Gibberellic acid and Boron), T1: 50 ppm GA3, T2: 100 ppm Boron and T3: combinations of T1 and T2 in the experiment comprising Boron (100 ppm) and GA3 (50 ppm). The effect of boron, gibberellic acid and their combined effect showed significant variations in growth, yield and quality of tomato. In this study between the individual application of Boron @ 100 ppm and GA3 @ 50 ppm, GA3 gave the higher plant height, leaf number, fruit weight and yield per plant than Boron. Combined effect of GA3 and Boron at treatment T3 (50 ppm GA3 + 100 ppm Boron) gives the highest plant height (104.23), branch number (18.76), no. of leaves per plant (82.5), flower clusters per plant (14.05), flower per plant (52.1), fruit per plant (17.72), fruiting percentage (34.05), fruit weight per plant (964.21g), total yield (33.06 t ha-1). From this experiment, it can be concluded that the interactive effect of 50 ppm GA3 with 100 ppm Boron treatment is suitable dose for higher yield of tomato by improving all the parameters numerically.

A comparative neuro-study of solo or accompanied low and high boric acid doses with date molasses in adult male albino rats

Boric acid (BA) is a weak acid and the simplest compound resulting from the dissolution of boron in water. There is great competition to determine whether boron is an essential or nonessential nutrient. Date molasses is a potent type of sweetener with valuable components, such as flavonoids and phenolics, and has significant health benefits. This study investigated the neuro-essentiality and neurotoxicity of boric acid boron in adult male albino rat cortex and cerebellum brain areas and the impact of date molasses treatment. Animals were grouped into the following groups: control, low and high boric acid doses, 10 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, with or without 250 mg/kg date molasses. The results revealed the ability of BAs to cross the blood–brain barrier and accumulate in the cerebellum and cortex, revealing the ability of date molasses to decrease BA accumulation at different time intervals. Additionally, the results varied between a nonsignificant increase or decrease in calcium ion content, monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin), glucose, adenosine triphosphate, malondialdehyde and glutathione, depending on the BA dose. Moreover, date molasses mitigated any unwanted BA results. In conclusion, boric acid, which is within a permissible limit, could be essential and have a neuroprotective effect, whereas at a sublethal level, it could have a neurotoxic effect. Additionally, Date molasses can have neuroprotective effects and antagonize the neurotoxic effects of boric acid through its antioxidant and scavenging effects.

Cooperative Diarylborinic Acid/Chloride-Catalyzed Formal SNi Reaction of cis-4-Hydroxymethyl-1,2-Cyclopentene Oxides.

A catalytic formal SNi reaction was designed to achieve stereoretentive products for cis-4-hydroxymethyl-1,2-cyclopentene oxides by using diarylborinic acid as a dual role catalyst and chloride as a catalytic transient nucleophile through a double-displacement mechanism. This reaction offers the advantages of a low catalyst loading of 0.1 mol % and wide substrate scope, even including N-substituents. The use of chiral boron acid as a catalyst for this reaction was also attempted.

Properties and Performance of Epoxy Resin/Boron Acid Composites.

This research study focused on the effect of adding boric acid to epoxy resin in order to obtain a composite material with improved properties and performance. To this end, a fine powder of boric acid (H3BO3) was introduced into epoxy resin in different amounts, i.e., 0.5 g, 1.0 g, and 1.5 g. As the matrix of the epoxy composites, styrene-modified epoxy resin based on bisphenol A (BPA) (Epidian 53) was used. It was cross-linked with two types of curing agents, i.e., an amine (ET) and a polyamide (PAC). The mechanical properties of the obtained epoxy composites (in terms of compressive strength, compressive modulus, and compressive strain) were determined at room temperature in order to assess the effect of the addition of boron acid and of the type of curing agent employed to cure the epoxy on these characteristics. Calorimetric measurements were made to highlight any changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg) as a result of the addition of boric acid to epoxy resin. Finally, flammability tests were performed on both Epidian 53/PAC and Epidian 53/ET epoxy composites to analyze their fire behavior and consequently establish the effectiveness of the selected additive as a flame retardant.

Bright Luminescence of Free Radical TEMPO Enabled by Electrochemiluminescence Technique.

Radicals can feature theoretically 100% light utilization owing to their nonelectron spin-forbidden transition and represent the most advanced luminescent materials at present. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) acts as a typically stable radical with very broad applications. However, their luminescent properties have not been discovered to date. In the present work, we observed the bright electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission of TEMPO with a higher efficiency (72.3%) via the electrochemistry and coreactant strategies for the first time. Moreover, the radical-based ECL achieved high detection toward boron acid with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1.9 nM. This study offers a new approach to generate emissions for some unconventional luminophores and makes a major breakthrough in the field of new luminescent materials as well.

Boron Lewis Acid Catalyzed Hydrophosphorylation of N-Heteroaryl-Substituted Alkenes

AbstractThe hydrophosphorylation of N-heteroaryl-substituted alkenes catalyzed by a boron Lewis acid catalyst is reported. This reaction occurs with a range of alkenes bearing N-heterocycles, including pyridines, a quinoline, a pyrrole, and a benzothiazole, resulting in the production of β-N-heteroaryl alkylphosphonates in good yields under additive-free, operationally simple conditions. The mechanistic insights suggest that this hydrophosphorylation involves the deprotonation of the P–H bond of dialkyl phosphites, enabled by the cooperative effects of a boron acid and the basic N-heterocyclic moiety of the alkenes. The resulting phosphonate anion serves as an effective phosphorus nucleophile for the conjugate addition to the concurrently formed N-protonated alkenes. These β-N-heteroaryl alkylphosphonates can be further converted into other valuable organophosphorus compounds through the introduction of an alcohol group or the reduction of the phosphine oxide moiety.

Effect of foliar spray with silicon, boron, and gibberellic acid on the Characteristics of vegetative and root growth of Strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Albion

Effect of foliar spray with silicon, boron, and gibberellic acid on the Characteristics of vegetative and root growth of Strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Albion

Experimental investigation on distribution of boric acid in a vertical 1 × 2 rod array channel

During the reactor operation, the mixing mass flow of boron acid caused by diversion cross-flow, turbulent mixing and void drift changes the boron concentration distribution in the coolant and affects the amount of boron in the Chalk River Unidentified Deposit (CRUD). Accumulation of boron within the porous crud layer on the fuel rods in the cores of pressured water reactors (PWR) results in the crud-induced power shift (CIPS), threatening the operation safety of reactors. In order to obtain the mixing mass flow of boric acid between adjacent channels, a vertical test channel containing two subchannels simulating a PWR fuel rod bundle is constructed. Using this channel, flow distributions and mixing mass flow of boric acid are measured for single-phase and two-phase air–water flows. The measurements show that the boric acid distribution is affected by turbulent mixing for single-phase flow and the mixing mass flow of boric acid increases with the Reynolds number. For two-phase flow, the bubble-induced turbulence enhances the turbulence intensity of the liquid flow, the mixing mass flow of boric acid increases with the increase of void drift and reaches the maximum in the slug flow. The experimental data is used to support the development and validation of a new transverse source term model of boron mixing. The comparison result shows the significant improvement of the code prediction.

Highly efficient B(OH)3 removal by single-layered graphene membrane with embedded crown nanopores

Trace boron in seawater, usually presented as boric acid (B(OH)3), should be firstly transformed into ionic state, in desalination plants, which represents high energy consumption and high cost. Therefore, direct removal of B(OH)3 is significant and energy-efficient for industrial boron removal, which is still a great challenge. A very recent work [Desalination, 533 (2022) 115755] provides strong theoretical guidance on making efficient boron removal devices utilizing 2D materials with hydrophilic pores. However, limited effort has devoted to explore other 2D porous membrane aiming at further improving the performance of boron acid removal. Herein, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we investigated the effect of single-layered graphene nanosheet embedded with hydrophilic crown nanopores on the direct removal of boric acid. We construct six typical graphene crown pores with varied pore dimensions. Our MD results demonstrate that the utilized graphene crown pores show high water permeability, simultaneously accompanied by an outstanding B(OH)3 rejection (mostly over 90%). The water permeabilities through the crown pores achieve a highest value of 6.01 L cm−2 day−1 MPa−1. Remarkably, the water fluxes in each pore are evaluated to be 2.15 ∼ 20.1 × 1013 per day per MPa per pore, featuring 1–2 orders of magnitude improvement compared with the previous best report of 2-dimensional nanopores, with the comparable B(OH)3 rejection. Free energy calculations indicate that a water molecule is energetically more favorable to transport through graphene crown nanopore than B(OH)3. Our findings highlight that a porous graphene embedded with hydrophilic crown nanopores can be not only used for efficaciously removing B(OH)3 but also enable the fast water flow, which is desirable in desalination plants.

Lewis acid sites incorporation promotes CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon oxygenates over B-CuO nanotubes

Herein, we designed a C2+-producing catalyst by incorporating Lewis acid boron dopant into porous copper oxides nanotubes (B-CuO NTs) via a convenient electrospinning−calcination method. The B-CuO NTs catalyst achieved a 60.5% C2+ Faraday efficiency (FE) including 47% of ethanol, a 4-fold increase over CuO in a flow cell at − 0.6 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). In situ characterizations demonstrate that the strong ability for *CO adsorption on B-CuO NTs facilitates the hydrogenation to the *CHO intermediate and promotes the C-C coupling further to *OCCHO intermediate via the proton-coupled electron transfer reactions. Theoretically calculations demonstrate that B doping induced polarized charge redistribution could suppress the *CHO transfer to C1 products by reducing the energy barrier for further OC-CHO coupling. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of Lewis acid B doping effect on regulating the C-C coupling pathway and improving the C2 selectivity.

Rh nanoparticles supported on porous hexagonal boron nitride nanorods with hierarchical structure for highly efficient hydroformylation of olefins

Hydroformylation would be a promising alternative for partial technological process in petrochemical industry because it is a 100% atom-economical route for large-scale production of aldehydes and alcohols from olefins and synthesis gas (H2 and CO). However, there are still a few problems such as cost-intensive recycling and harsh operating conditions etc. encountering in the ligand-modified cobalt and rhodium as homogeneous catalysts in practical applications. Responding to the challenges, to exploit heterogeneous catalysts especially supported catalysts is desired and needs to make more efforts. Here, porous boron nitride (p-BN) with hierarchical structure is designed through a facile thermal polymerization procedure for catalyst support. The p-BN possesses nanorod morphology assembled by numerous highly crystallized hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoparticles with the diameter of about 20 nm as building blocks, thereby forming abundant interparticle pores. The Rh nanoparticles are then supported on p-BN by an impregnation-borohydride reduction method using RhCl3 as metal precursor, and the obtained catalyst of Rh nanoparticle supported on p-BN (Rh/p-BN) is applied in hydroformylation of styrene. The high porosity and accessible boron acid sites arising from hierarchical structure of p-BN nanorods make Rh nanoparticles homogeneously disperse on the surface of p-BN nanorods and also keep the diameter about 5 nm without further aggregations. Just for this reason, Rh/p-BN exhibits excellent activity of styrene hydroformylation with the highest turnover frequency of styrene as high as 12000 h−1, in comparison with other supported catalysts using different catalyst supports. Besides the detailed investigation of the catalytic properties of Rh/p-BN under different reaction conditions, the recycle of Rh/p-BN is also conducted for five times during which there is no significant decrease in catalytic activity. The present findings indicates that the combination of catalyst support of p-BN and metal nanoparticle catalysts could be an attractive strategy for designing heterogeneous hydroformylation catalysts.

GBAP/L-proline assist of self-healing nanocomposite hydrogels and their applications in antifreeze, high-sensitivity flexible sensors

For novel wearable flexible electronics, the design of hydrogels materials with anti-freezing capability is of great significance to meet the mechanical flexibility and smart sensing at cryogenic temperatures. Herein, glycosyl cross-linking boron acid and ammonium salt of phytic acid (PA) (GBAP) was synthesized based on eco-friendly organic materials, which was successfully wrapped on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) to obtain GO@GBAP. L-proline (L-Pro) as an antifreeze zwitterion and GO@GBAP were implanted in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and xanthan gum (XG) three-dimensional network structure. PA with antifreeze property was further introduced as a crosslinking agent, the PVA-XG/GO@GBAP/PA/L-Pro (PGPL) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared. While at −20°C, the PGPL hydrogels had remarkable mechanical strength (0.80 MPa), and they revealed the splendid self-healing efficiency (89.2%) after 4 h of healing. The high-sensitivity flexible sensors based on these PGPL hydrogels exhibited a rapid response time (220.0 ms) and electrical conductivity (detection mean 2.1 S/m at −20°C). Even at −20°C for 24 h, it could still respond to various physical and physiological movements such as swallowing and wrist activities. This nanocomposite hydrogels constructed in this work had expanded their application scope in the field of cryogenic sensing.

Effect of Planting Date, Boron Forms on Growth, Head Yield and Quality of Broccoli Plants

The present study was carried out at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture Benha University, Egypt during the two growing seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 to comparison the three different forms of boron fertilization i.e. chelated boron, Nano-boron and boric acid on broccoli F1-hybrid "Larson RZ" growth and yield under different planting dates i.e. 1

Heterocyclic Boron Acid Catalyzed Dehydrative Amidation of Aliphatic/Aromatic Carboxylic Acids with Amines.

A commercially available and versatile dehydrative amidation catalyst, featuring a thianthrene boron acid structure, has been developed. The catalyst shows high catalytic activity to both aliphatic and less reactive aromatic carboxylic acid substrates, including several bioactive or clinical molecules with a carboxylic acid group.

Boric Acid‐Assisted Pyrolysis for High‐Loading Single‐Atom Catalysts to Boost Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Zn‐Air Batteries

The emerging of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) offers a great opportunity for the development of advanced energy storage and conversion devices due to their excellent activity and durability, but the actual mass production of high‐loading SACs is still challenging. Herein, a facile and green boron acid (H3BO3)‐assisted pyrolysis strategy is put forward to synthesize SACs by only using chitosan, cobalt salt and H3BO3 as precursor, and the effect of H3BO3 is deeply investigated. The results show that molten boron oxide derived from H3BO3 as ideal high‐temperature carbonization media and blocking media play important role in the synthesis process. As a result, the acquired Co/N/B tri‐doped porous carbon framework (Co–N–B–C) not only presents hierarchical porous structure, large specific surface area and abundant carbon edges but also possesses high‐loading single Co atom (4.2 wt.%), thus giving rise to outstanding oxygen catalytic performance. When employed as a catalyst for air cathode in Zn‐air batteries, the resultant Co–N–B–C catalyst shows remarkable power density and long‐term stability. Clearly, our work gains deep insight into the role of H3BO3 and provides a new avenue to synthesis of high‐performance SACs.

Influence of Boron and Growth Regulator on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) North East Plane Zone

To investigate the effect of boron and Gibberellic Acid (GA3 ) on growth and yield of maize, a field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj (UP) in Rabi season 2022-23. The main objective of the experiment was to evaluate the Influence of boron and growth regulator on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) north east Plane Zone. The research field of the treatment consisted of 3 levels of boron Soil application (3, 1.5 kg/ha) and foliar Application (1%, 0.5%) and 3 levels of Gibberellic Acid (50,100,150 ppm) foliar application and a control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. Application of soil and foliar application of boron (0.5%+1.5 kg/ha) Along with GA3 -150 ppm. produce highest plant height (205.79 cm), plant dry weight (157.74 g), crop growth rate (g/m2 /day) (41.39 g/m2 /day), more number of cobs per plant (1.67), number of grain row per cob (17.47), number of grain per row (33.63), seed index (25.630 g), higher seed yield (5.40 t/ha), higher Stover yield (9.60 t/ha), highest harvest index (35.97 %).

Semi‐parametric generalized linear model for binomial data with varying cluster sizes

The semi‐parametric generalized linear model (SPGLM) proposed by Rathouz and Gao assumes that the response is from a general exponential family with unspecified reference distribution and can be applied to model the distribution of binomial event‐count data with a constant cluster size. We extend SPGLM to model response distributions of binomial data with varying cluster sizes by assuming marginal compatibility. The proposed model combines a non‐parametric reference describing the within‐cluster dependence structure with a parametric density ratio characterizing the between‐group effect. It avoids making parametric assumptions about higher order dependence and is more parsimonious than non‐parametric models. We fit the SPGLM with an expectation–maximization Newton–Raphson algorithm to the boron acid mouse data set and compare estimates with existing methods.