Border Station Research Articles

The influence of nano filter elements on pressure drop and pollutant elimination efficiency in town border stations

Natural gas stands as the most ecologically sustainable fossil fuel, constituting nearly 25% of worldwide primary energy utilization and experiencing rapid expansion. This article offers an extensive comparative analysis of nano filter elements, focusing on pressure drop and pollutant removal efficiency. The primary goal was to assess the superior performance of nano filter elements and their suitability as an alternative for Town Border Station (TBS). The research encompassed a six-month examination period, involving routine pressure assessments, structural examinations, and particle characterization of the filter elements. The results revealed that nano filters showed better performance in adsorbing aluminum than conventional filters, possibly due to their cartridge composition. Nano filters contained phosphorus, sulfur, and copper, while conventional filters lacked these elements. The disparity can be attributed to the finer mesh of the nano filter, capturing smaller pollutants. Although the nano filter had minimal silicon, the conventional filter showed some, posing concerns. Despite having 19 extra pleats, the nano filter maintained gas flow pressure while capturing more particles than the conventional filter.

Mao Zedong's First Visit to Russia. From the History of the Formation of Cooperation Between the USSR and China

The article is devoted to the history of Mao Zedong's visit to the Soviet Union in late 1949 — early 1950. To date, this visit remains insufficiently studied, and there are differences in the content approaches and assessments of this event in Russian and Chinese historiography. The importance of this event was due to the fact that Mao Zedong's trip to Moscow at the end of 1949 was not only the first visit by the leader of the People's Republic of China to the Soviet Union, but also his first trip abroad. The research focuses on an important but least studied component of Mao Zedong's visit to the USSR — his visits to major Russian cities, acquaintance with enterprises of the Urals and Siberia, various institutions and organizations, meetings with local authorities and representatives of the public. The research is based on written and visual sources of personal origin, both of Russian and Chinese origin, periodical press materials and office documents. The visit of the Chinese delegation led by Mao Zedong to the cities of the Urals, Siberia and the Manchuria border station became an important factor in the development of successful and fruitful cooperation between the USSR and China in the 1950s.

Improving multimodal passenger transportation technology under the wartime conditions in Ukraine

Abstract. Problem. Ukraine has a rather complex transport network, so the mismatch between the work of carriers when transferring from one mode of transport to another can create a large number of inconveniences for passengers. Issuance of various travel documents, the complexity of processing luggage and its movement between vehicles, a more thorough check of documents and luggage by employees of law enforcement agencies at border crossings and transfer points lead to an increase in travel time. On the other hand, ensuring the demand for some main directions of transportation can only be through the use of several modes of transport, so there is a need to improve the existing logistics technology for multimodal passenger transportation.
 Goal. The goal of this publication is to improve the technology of multimodal passenger transportation under martial law Methodology. Analytical research methods were used to form the relationship between the train delay at the border station and the number of passengers in it. Mathematical modulation methods were used in the formation of a new agreed schedule for the arrival of international passenger trains at the Kyiv-Passenger transport hub. Results. The research has shown that even under the current wartime conditions, it is possible to improve the operation of various types of passenger transport and the consistency of their traffic schedules to better meet the needs and quality of passenger transportation. The authors of the article analyzed the state and causes of delays in passenger trains at the Mostyska-2 border crossing, through which the largest railway passenger flows between Ukraine and the EU countries currently follow. Based on the analysis, the dependence of the train delay time at the border station on the number of passengers in the train was revealed, and in order to reduce the duration of these delays, it was proposed to improve the existing technology for calculating the travel time of a passenger train by introducing and using value F, corresponding to the train delay time at the border station per passenger. Originality. It is suggested to improve the model for organizing the interaction of different types of transport in the transport interchange Kyiv-passenger hub, by introducing a new value φ based on the dependence of the train delay time at the border station on the number of passengers transported in it, taking into account the specifics of the introduction of martial law in Ukraine. Practical value. The introduction and integration of the proposed technology into the existing mathematical models for the formation of a rationally coordinated schedule of multimodal passenger transportation will significantly reduce the waiting time for passengers at transfer points, rationalize the capacity and population of the rolling stock and increase the financial profit for carriers, it can also be used for the development of the system, information technologies and the use of a "single ticket".

Потенциал развития экспорта российской и казахстанской агропродукции в Китай

Due to their vast territory suitable for agriculture, surplus production of agricultural products and geographical proximity to the northern and western provinces of China, Russia and Kazakhstan can take significant positions in the growing Chinese market. The development of international transport corridors with access to China will contribute to the increase of the competitive capabilities of the two countries and the growth of export volumes. In this context, the interstate railway corridor with Dostyk border station (Kazakhstan) as a connecting link seems very promising. The development of this direction of agro-logistics will contribute to the inclusion of Siberian and Ural regions of the Russian Federation in international trade, will be an important factor in the international role of the Republic of Kazakhstan by attracting transit cargo from Russia. The transport corridor through Dostyk is also relevant in the context of sanctions against Russia and the need to reorient trade flows with unfriendly countries to other directions. The article identifies the types of agricultural products and regions of the cargo area that are the most promising for exports from Russia and Kazakhstan through Dostyk. To assess the potential for the development of this transport corridor, the analysis of agricultural cargo export flows from Russia and Kazakhstan to China in terms of ports and border crossings is presented, the problems and bottlenecks of agro-export logistics of Russia and Kazakhstan are studied, the economic efficiency of traditional railway and container transportation is compared, and the competitiveness of Russian agricultural products supplies to China through Dostyk in comparison with other logistics directions is estimated. The findings indicate that the regions of the cargo zone of Russia and Kazakhstan have high shipping potential for railway deliveries to China through Dostyk. However, its implementation is possible under a number of conditions: changes in railway transportation tariffs and removal of export restrictions, while intensifying negotiations between countries with China to reduce the level of customs and administrative barriers.

Node centrality of North Korean Railways

ABSTRACT This study explored the node centrality of North Korean railways. The analysis was conducted based on the weighted network using the number of routes as the weight. Two node types, stations and municipalities, were considered, and three modified centrality measures, strength, betweenness, and closeness centrality, were applied. The municipality-based analysis supplied more reliable outcomes than the station-based approach, and identified Pyongyang, Gowon, and Manpo as the critical nodes. Node centrality just slightly changed when weights were differently assigned to passenger and freight services because most stations, except 17 passenger-only stations, handle passenger and goods services. The findings have two policy implications for unified Korean railways. First, the Donghae line is not less important than the Gyeongui line because the East Sea rail corridor passes through Gowon and can support international trade between Russia and reunified Korea. Second, Manpo should be the primary border station to China, being a more influential node than existing Sinuiju station.

Simulation of terminal and logistics processes of foreign trade cargo processing at the Grodekovo border station

Introduction. The transport and logistics business has undergone significant changes while overcoming the challenges facing the transport industry. It requires new approaches to rational use, as well as the introduction of innovative technologies in the organisation of foreign trade transportation. This issue is especially relevant in the Far East region, where there is an imbalance of incoming freight flows and traffic capacity of the transport network, which leads to a decrease in the quality of transport services and the competitiveness of transport corridors running through Russia. The key elements of international transport corridors are transport hubs and border checkpoints; therefore, the purpose of the study is to assess the workload of a railway cargo terminal of the Pogranichny checkpoint within the Primorye-1 transport corridor. The object of study is the terminal and logistics complex of the Grodekovo border station.Materials and methods. In this study, methods of system analysis and information synthesis were used, as well as a programme for simulating the operation of technological zones of a border terminal and logistics centre.Results. The developed simulation programme made it possible to assess the workload of the warehouse terminal of the Grodekovo border station for processing foreign trade freight flow arriving by rail and road from Heilongjiang Province (PRC). The article presents the results of simulation modelling.Discussion and conclusion. Analysis of the results of simulation modelling showed the functioning of the cargo terminal of the Grodekovo border station with an increase in freight flow coming by road for reloading onto railway rolling stock, taking into account the duration of customs clearance, the limited capacity of the storage area and the cargo front, the number of handling equipment. Further research is aimed at creating a comprehensive programme that takes into account the traffic capacity of the entire system of ground checkpoints in the Far East region and the volume of the predicted freight flow.

Удосконалення процесу надходження вантажних поїздів до прикордонної станції в умовах військового стану

The purpose of this work is to conduct statistical research on the volume and dynamics of freight traffic, formalize the process of accumulation of containers at terminal railway stations and transport them to the border station, taking into account the capacity of the transshipment complex. The process of accumulation of containers at terminal stations and their transportation by rail to border stations was formalized, taking into account the capacity of transshipment complexes.The optimization results allow to determine the key elements of the operational plan of terminal railway stations, namely: the time of completion of the required number of containers, taking into account the capacity of the transshipment complex of the border station at terminal stations and the method of transporting them to the border station. as part of associated freight trains with possible further reshaping at sorting stations). The proposed technology will reduce unproductive downtime of containers and fitting platforms by improving the process of planning the organization of transportation of container batches by rail to border stations, taking into account the capacity of transshipment complexes, as well as the probabilistic nature of key components of this process. This approach will reduce the congestion of wagons at border stations, which will reduce the operating costs of transporting and handling containers and the cost of transporting goods for shippers.

Logistics of the Pass-through Route in the Multimodal Transportation (st. Astana- st. Dina Nurpeisova - Port Poti - Port Odessa - European Union)

The article presents the results of studies to determine the freight charge in the system of international freight transportation with the participation of the railways of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, Poland, as well as shipping through the Caspian Sea, Ukraine. The freight charge is determined when organizing container transportation. The calculations were performed both according to the methodology with a tariff fracture, and for the through-shoulder technique. The essence of the tariff fracture methodology is that when a freight train switches to the railway of a neighboring state, the transportation distance is reset. Carriage charges are calculated on the railway of a particular state from the border station to the next border station. Within the railway of the countries participating in international freight traffic, the freight charge is determined in national currency, then at the current rate it is converted into Swiss franc. It is known that the freight charge is determined on the basis of unit tariff rates and the corresponding differentiation scheme. There are three differentiation schemes in total. In all differentiation schemes, unit tariff rates depend on the distance of transportation. In these differentiation schemes, tariff rates decrease with increasing transportation distance. When using the through-shoulder technique, the tariff distance is determined from the departure station to the destination station, that is, according to the through-shoulder scheme. The freight charge is calculated in Swiss francs, which makes it possible to use the national currencies of the participating countries through the current exchange rate <i>ChF</i>. Since in this case the tariff distance according to the through-leverage scheme is greater than the tariff distances along the railways of the participating countries, the freight charge according to the through-leverage method will be less. This will reduce the freight charge for container transportation and offer railway customers more favorable conditions.

Identification of freight carriage groups at the border station

This article discusses the issue of identifying freight carriage groups at the point of changing track width In integrated transport chains. The presented model describes the situation in identifying transport units located on the railway infrastructure, specifying their technical parameters.

Modeling and control of natural gas bypass odorizer

Natural gas odorization is a safety critical issue in natural gas distribution industries enabling early detection of leakage that lead to prevention of fatal accidents. Usually inefficient manually controlled bypass odorizers are used in most town border stations used in gas distribution networks. In this study, a feedforward control system is proposed for that comprises of three elements. A mass transfer model, correlation for bubble diameter estimation, and SVM-based model of final control element are the elements. The mass transfer model predictions are profoundly affected by bubble diameter estimation. Bubble size measurements are used to develop a correlation for bubble diameter estimation. A motor-actuated precision needle valve is used as the final control element of the control system. The valve characteristic curves were determined and used to develop an input-output model based on the support vector machine. Different experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the three elements separately. To assess the effectiveness of the control system, the operating conditions of a town border station was simulated experimentally for the duration of 24 h. Experimental data and controller calculations for odorant cumulative mass transfer showed a minimum and maximum relative absolute error of 0.4% and 9.10%, respectively that indicates the controller to be effective.

К вопросу о перегрузке грузов на приграничных станциях с разной шириной колеи

К вопросу о перегрузке грузов на приграничных станциях с разной шириной колеи

Mass-wasting effects induced by the 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) Mw 7.8 earthquake within a large paleo-landslide site adjacent to the Tatopani Border Station, Nepal: implications for future development along the critical Bhote Koshi River valley transport corridor between Nepal and China

The 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake and its aftershocks caused nearly 9000 deaths and more than 23,000 injuries and triggered thousands of landslides and other mass-wasting effects in the steep, rugged topography of Nepal. In this paper, new slope failures and tension cracks induced by the 2015 Nepal earthquake are documented in steep terrain west of the Tatopani Border Station, which lies along the deeply incised Bhote Koshi River valley, a critical trans-Himalayan transport route between south Asia and Tibet/China. The affected area west of the Tatopani station is the site of a large reactivated paleo-landslide that has experienced repeated failures. The Tatopani station is downslope from the amphitheater-like landslide scar and is constructed on distal landslide debris in a position vulnerable to future landslide and fluvial erosion hazards. We carried out detailed field investigations to document different types of geohazards around the station and present an evolutionary model for past and present landslide development. In addition, a simple numerical model was constructed to evaluate the stability of the large paleo-landslide body under different earthquake conditions. Simulated results suggest that the paleo-landslide body is stable without seismic loading. However, the large paleo-landslide will be remobilized again by large slope failures if the PGA of future earthquake exceeds 0.35 g. We suggest that the results presented in this paper should be taken into consideration during earthquake-resistant design of the border station and other infrastructural development along the Bhote Koshi Valley.

Organisation of railway freight transport: case study CIM/SMGS between Slovakia and Ukraine

This paper presents a method for optimising freight traffic procedures on the border between Slovakia (European Union) and Ukraine. In Eastern Europe a considerable volume of goods is usually carried by rail. On the Ukrainian side there is the Chop railway station, the largest entry/exit rail point and on the Slovakian side there is the Cierna nad Tisou railway station. The latter station is on the TEN-T as part of the Rhine-Danube Core Network Corridor. Total railway freight between Slovakia and Ukraine makes around 16 million tonnes per year, which amounts to about 40 % of the entire railway freight transport in Slovakia. The most frequently transported goods are iron, coal and metal. Around 247,000 freight cars are used for transport between Slovakia and Ukraine every year. The most important organisational aspect of transport in this case is the existence of two different procedures. In Slovakia, transport is organised according to the Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail (COTIF), and in Ukraine, transport is organised according to the Agreement on International Goods Transport by Rail (SMGS). Today all procedures are completely manual. This means that transport documentation is rewritten from SMGS to COTIF, or vice versa. This process is very labour-intensive and time-consuming. Following an analysis we performed a case study using the critical path method (CPM) for optimisation of the technological process for transport methodology at the Cierna nad Tisou railway station and we proposed a method for electronic data exchange between the rail and customs authorities of Slovakia and Ukraine. The research optimised organisational procedures by using the critical path method (CPM) and introducing electronic data exchange to cut down the whole process by 170 min or 66.7 % of the total time spent at the border station. Railway freight transport has a very important role in Eastern Europe, but also in the European Union (EU), so to enable seamless connections there is a need to cut down the time that the freight/wagons spend at the border station. To meet the future demand for transport between the East and West there is a need to introduce electronic data exchange between COTIF and SMGS to achieve a quicker and easier use of freight railways for transport of goods.

Armored Scales and Their Parasitoids on Commercial Avocados Grown in California or Imported from Mexico.

Levels of armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Mexican Hass avocados imported into California over May 2008-June 2009 were monitored on 135 trucks entering the state via the Blythe border station, the entry point receiving the highest volume of fruit. Levels of live sessile scales were 3.9-fold higher than indicated in a previous survey (September 2007-April 2008) although levels of live eggs and crawlers were similar to previous levels. A survey of avocado fruit in California infested with armored scales detected four species known to be endemic but failed to find any of the seven exotic Diaspididae entering the state on Mexican fruit. Monitoring of Mexican armored scales on imported avocados from September 2007 to December 2010 recovered 10 species of parasitoids predominated by two species of Signiphora Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae). One of these species, Signiphora flavopalliata Ashmead, comprised 36% of all collected Mexican parasitoids and is a known hyperparasitoid. A survey of armored scale parasitoids present on commercial California avocados detected 17 genetic signatures, with only four of these in common with those detected on imported Mexican fruit. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Unsettled borders and memories: a “local” indigenous perspective on contemporary globalization

This article provides a case study of decolonial counter-memory in contemporary indigenous artist Alan Michelson's 2009 Third Bank of the River. Installed inside the lobby of the tri-national border station between the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation, Canada, and the United States—the most legally disputed territory in North America—Michelson's artwork recovers the seventeenth-century Two Row wampum belt as model for reforming relationships at the border. This wampum belt memorializes a commitment between the Haudenosaunee and European settlers to co-exist in balanced interdependence and remains a key touchstone in indigenous political philosophy and activism. Interpreted in the post-9/11 build-up of state power at the disputed border zone, Third Bank proposes a model of international dialogue and nation-to-nation diplomacy that contrasts with the ongoing conditions of settler colonialism. It thus stands out as an important indigenous perspective on the widespread interest in memory in global contemporary art, in which artists are recovering a new viewpoint on contemporaneity through the reconceptualization of historical pasts.Mark Watson is an assistant professor of Art History at Clayton State University in Atlanta. He received his PhD in modern American art history from Columbia University in New York in 2012. His research interests include contemporary art and theory, modern American art, Native North American art, and the relationship of art to countercultural social movements. His writing has appeared or is forthcoming in American Art, Art History, Third Text, and the edited volume, West of Center: Art and the Counterculture Experiment in America, 1965–1977 (University of Minnesota, 2011).

Identification of unknown microcontaminants in Dutch river water by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

In the past decade during automated surface water monitoring in the river Meuse at border station Eijsden in The Netherlands, a set of unknown compounds were repeatedly detected by online liquid chromatography-diode-array detection in a relatively high signal intensity. Because of the unknown nature of the compounds, the consequently unknown fate of this mixture in water treatment processes, the location being close to the water inlet of a drinking water supply company and their possible adverse public health effects, it was deemed necessary to elucidate the identity of the compounds. No data are available for the occurrence of these unknowns at downstream locations. After concentration and fractionation of a sample by preparative Liquid Chromatography, identification experiments were performed using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) combined with High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (HR-NMR). Accurate mass determination of the unknown parent compound and its fragments obtained in MS/MS provided relevant information on the elemental composition of the unknown compounds. With the use of NMR techniques and the information about the elemental composition, the identity of the compounds in the different sample fractions was determined. Beside some regularly detected compounds in surface water, like caffeine and bisphenol-S, five dihydroxydiphenylmethane isomers were identified. The major unknown compound was identified as 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,5,3',5'-tetra(hydroxymethyl)diphenylmethane. This compound was confirmed by analysis of the pure reference compound. This is one of the first studies that employs the combination of high resolution MS with NMR for identification of truly unknown compounds in surface waters at the μg/L level. Five of the seven identified compounds are unexpected and not contained in the CAS database, while they can be presumed to be products generated during the production of resins.

Industrial railroad to digital memory routes: remembering the last railway in Singapore

The Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM) Berhad railway line was a crucial mode of transport for goods and passengers moving between Singapore and its neighbouring country Malaysia. Tanjong Pagar railway station – the terminus of the KTM railway line in Singapore – ceased operation from 1 July 2011, and KTM railway tracks in Singapore were slated for removal, after the relocation of the terminus to a border station between the two countries. This event has led to various initiatives by the state and civil society to remember the KTM railway. This article explores how people utilize Web 2.0 technologies to archive and share railway memories in Singapore. The differences between state-initiated websites and grassroots efforts of remembering the KTM railway bring into question the nature of state–society relations in the practices of memory-making in the digital era. Once reliant on state-run museums, Singaporeans are now remembering the KTM railway tracks through volumes of still and moving images that they have captured themselves, enabled by digital cameras and social media tools. The use of digital media has shaped not only how the railway in Singapore is remembered, but also who participates in remembering.

Improving performance technologies in freight single information space

Some directions of implementation process development and provision of freights by rail are shown in the article. These aspects consider update conditions of technological process and information space. The main objective of the study is improving the work technology of the cross-border transfer station under the change of gauge on the territories of neighboring countries. The model of the system “border station – crossing point of the cars on another gauge”, which considers connection of information and material flows during implementation of the electronic data exchange is examined on the example of the model of the transport logistics system. The model is aimed to optimize the costs in the organization and fulfillment of car service technology on the border station and during the change of gauge. The research results can be applied on the cross-border transfer stations, where the transferring and receiving of cars from / to the territory of neighboring countries, with a gauge of 1435 mm are being existed allows to consider maximum intensity of the incoming flow, material and information ones, and to ensure the executing conditions of the freight delivery adjusted in advance

China Buys American

China Buys American

That Winter

90 miha mazzini fiction That Winter Adapted with the author from a translation by Tom Priestly 91 The prisoners released before me had flown home from The Hague in airplanes sent for them by their states. I was the first one who wasn’t a national hero. The guard just handed me a train ticket to Sarajevo and some pocket money for travel expenses . I greeted him with “Tot ziens” and he answered with “Tot nooit, hopelijk!”— an unsubtle indication he didn’t want to see me again. In the train I couldn’t take my eyes off the window: moving, everything was moving . Houses, cities, gliding by, going away, a constant flow of change after eleven years of immobility. Waiting for another train in Düsseldorf, I felt like a ghost returning to the world for the first time. I moved out of the way of a person talking to himself, a sure sign of madness at the time of my imprisonment, whereas now everybody had headphones and their mouths were empty of cigarettes. After Munich the landscape got more and more orderly. Austrians took symmetry and tidiness for beauty, their windows vomiting carnations from houses built to last forever. The train entered the tunnel and came out in Slovenia. I expected to see the big steel factory, once the pride of Yugoslavia , but only one chimney still stood, covered with ads for supermarkets and foreign brands. Nobody entered my compartment— Slovenia was now part of the EU and there were no more border policemen or customs officers in Europe. But at the Croatian border I was asked for my papers. A pair of Slovenian officers browsed my​ 92 ecotone documents: “Den Haag—The International War Crimes Tribunal for crimes committed on the territory of the former Yugoslavia.” They looked momentarily bewildered, until the policeman, still a kid, sucked air into his spreading chest, soaking his words in venom. I looked into his eyes and the air left him. His partner, the customs officer, elbowed him out the door. The Croat officers didn’t know how to react and quickly went away; they had their own war with the Muslims and some of their heroes had been my prison buddies. When the train stopped in Zagreb, I bought myself some newspapers . The Croats had buried one of their fascist commandants from the Second World War. In his camp they had killed at least seventy thousand people. Though he fled to Argentina after the war, escaping hanging, he had been in prison, unrepentant, for the past decade, after having finally been extradited. At the funeral the priest said the prisoner had slept peacefully throughout his life, since he knew that God had forgiven him everything. The train entered Bosnia on the Serbian side of the country and when I offered my papers to the officers, they stood at attention, saluting me like windup toys, while they retreated backward. The staff of the small border station started walking up and down the platform, pretending to be running errands, stealing glances through my window. I dug into the corner and shame covered me like an icy blanket. The Sarajevo train station looked forlorn , as though no one had used it since the war began, sixteen years ago. Cigarette smoke drifted from the cafés in front of it. I waited on the abandoned platform until my bus arrived and I almost ran for it, my head lowered. I had not called anybody in my village to let them know I was coming. The last time I had seen my former wife was in court, on the witness stand. She was talking about how she had begged me to dissolve the factory but I had beaten her into silence. I stopped listening to her. The knowledge that this must be the same lie my daughters were hearing from her I had not called anybody in my village to let them know I was coming. The last time I had seen my former wife was in court. 93 miha mazzini dripped from my heart through my body like acid, leaving just burnt hollowness inside. For her testimony she got a change of identity and...