Border Security Research Articles

Methodological Approach for the Development of Standard C-UAS Scenarios

The integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), commonly referred to as drones, into various sectors including agriculture, healthcare, and military operations has transformed industries and services. While drones offer numerous benefits, they have also been exploited by terrorists and criminals for illicit activities, such as smuggling and surveillance. Incidents involving drones flying over restricted airspaces or sensitive locations have highlighted the vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure and limitations of current law enforcement capabilities. To address these challenges, there is a growing need for effective counter-UAS (C-UAS) systems including detection, tracking, and identification technologies. However, evaluating the capabilities of these systems poses a significant challenge, leading to the demand for standardized test methodologies. The COURAGEOUS project seeks to fill this gap by developing standardized scenarios covering various use cases, such as airport security, critical infrastructure protection, and border security. These scenarios are informed by a systematic approach involving a literature review, analysis of previous incidents, assessment of current C-UAS frameworks, and gathering feedback from end users. The resulting standardized test methodology aims to enhance the understanding of C-UAS system capabilities, improve preparedness against evolving threats, and facilitate the global dissemination of project results. Through validation trials and feedback from law enforcement agencies, the COURAGEOUS project strives to contribute to a broader network of counter-UAS initiatives, ultimately enhancing the lower airspace security.

International Tourism Law: Freedom Of Movement of People Between Tourism and Terrorism

Considering the humanization of international law, international tourism continues to challenge the right to freedom of movement. The opportunity to meet other people, visit different places, and experience diverse cultures is a unique and individual experience that can reduce the likelihood of international conflicts. As such, international tourism is an important vehicle through which individuals can contribute to global peace. Ensuring the free movement of international tourists is not only essential for the proper functioning of the tourism industry but also reflects the global rights of individuals. In recent years, the global tourism industry has faced significant challenges beyond terrorism, including the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical conflicts such as the Russia-Ukraine war, and the ongoing tensions in regions like the Middle East. These events have underscored the vulnerability of international tourism to external shocks and the resulting impact on global stability and peace. The reinstatement of visa requirements by countries like Brazil in 2024 further illustrates the delicate balance between national security and the right to freedom of movement. This paper discusses the complex relationship between the right to freedom of movement under international law and the various factors that impact international tourism, including terrorism, pandemics, and geopolitical conflicts. It highlights the critical importance of maintaining open and secure borders for the continuation of international tourism and its role in fostering global understanding and peace.

Trust at the border: identifying risk and assessing credibility on reality television

AbstractEvery day, officers working at international airports investigate potential risks to state safety and security. But how do they decide who they can trust, and also ensure that the broader public trusts them to conduct this work? This article explores these questions through an examination of the reality television show Border Security: Australia's Front Line. Through critical discourse analysis of a collection of 108 televised airport encounters, we explore the aspects of communication, behaviour, and identity made salient in officers’ evaluations of passengers’ credibility and critically examine the assumptions underlying them. Further, we consider how power and role divisions are implicated in the construction of passenger and officer credibility, both within border encounters and in discourses about them. Our analysis makes a novel contribution to the literature on credibility assessments in intercultural communication, demonstrating how an institutional and social ‘culture of disbelief’ is constructed vis‐à‐vis certain groups through seemingly banal border work.

The Holocene evolution of the fluvial system of the southern Hessische Ried (Upper Rhine Graben, Germany) and its role for the use of the river Landgraben as a waterway during Roman times

Abstract. Intensive human intervention in the natural drainage system of the Hessische Ried (Upper Rhine Graben, Germany) resulted in the transformation of a large wetland into an intensively used cultural landscape. At least since the first century CE, when Romans conducted early river regulation and water management, the natural water network has experienced extensive anthropogenic re-organisation. The LandGraben project focuses on the reconstruction of the natural and anthropogenic watercourse systems along the river Landgraben, a tributary to the river Rhine in the northern Hessische Ried. Several rivers from the southern Hessische Ried could have fed the river Landgraben during Roman times via the meandering Palaeo-Neckar depression, thus increasing both length and discharge of the Roman waterway. In this study, we present results of our investigations within the southern Hessische Ried to reconstruct the former channel network that was used by Romans for the transportation of troops, wares and border security. Our approach integrates the use of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) as a base for geophysical measurements (electrical resistivity tomography, ERT), direct push sensing and sediment coring in combination with sedimentological and geochemical analyses of the encountered sedimentary units. Local chronostratigraphies were established based on radiocarbon dating. Based on our results, we are able to differentiate a palimpsest of several abandoned fluvial channels throughout the southern Hessische Ried and to reconstruct the spatio-temporal development of the corresponding fluvial systems. Chronostratigraphic data show that the Palaeo-Neckar stopped flowing through the Hessische Ried around 10 000 cal BCE. Moreover, we found that the river Weschnitz, the largest of the possible Landgraben tributaries, stopped flowing through the Palaeo-Neckar depression at ca. 3000 cal BCE. Instead, it took a right-angled shortcut westwards to the river Rhine, north of the city of Lorsch. For the first time, we present geomorphological evidence that the river Weschnitz was not diverted by the Romans as speculated so far. This is corroborated by numerous wooden posts of human-made construction crossing an E–W running water course at the modern Weschnitz knee, with the oldest posts being dendrochronologically dated to the fourth and third millennia BCE. We further argue that the river Winkelbach/Lauter formed its knee towards the river Rhine and thus left the Palaeo-Neckar depression not later than the second century CE but most probably even contemporaneously with the formation of the Weschnitz diversion. In the case of the Winkelbach/Lauter, a high-energy flood event presumably related to strong rainfall and/or meltwater processes in the Odenwald Mountains is assumed to be responsible for the initiation of the new, diverted water course. With regard to the Landgraben and its use as a waterway within the Roman fluvioscape of the Hessische Ried, we therefore conclude that the Romans successfully collected water from several smaller rivers, such as from the rivers Modau and Darmbach and from even smaller tributaries, to make the river Landgraben a navigable waterway. The rivers Weschnitz and Winkelbach/Lauter, however, did not contribute any water to the Landgraben system during Roman times.

Railway security checks at the border: between intrusive security technologies and fundamental traveller rights.

European railway borders are facing a particular exposure to security threats and need a delicate balance between securitization and free movement, especially amid globalisation, the current geopolitical landscape and increased migrant flows. For example, the war in Ukraine illustrated the challenges experienced at the Eastern EU borders by the refugee migration surge in early 2022. This exploratory focuses on the European border security control process from the rail border perspective. It encompasses a descriptive synthesis of the lessons learned from the UIC Refugee Task Force as well as insights from the ongoing EU-funded Horizon Europe project ODYSSEUS (Unobtrusive Technologies for Secure and Seamless Border Crossing for Travel Facilitation). Project ODYSSEUS aims to support the security and integrity of the European space, reduce illegal movements of people and goods across EU borders, facilitate travelling for citizens all while protecting fundamental rights of travellers. The project will test a combination of multi-behavioural and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliant biometric user identity verification tools, allowing, when possible, citizens to cross EU border without any interruption or queue. Further, novel luggage and baggage checks will allow citizens' vehicles and cargos to be remotely checked at land borders to speed up the border check processes in a secure and reliable manner. The project will run three pilot tests at road, rail and water borders. In this paper, we analyse the implementation of project's technologies in the rail border crossing pilot test and discuss the implications for the actors involved in the process of railway border crossing (e.g., border authorities, railway operators and railway travellers).

Coordinated Multi-Agencies Patrols and Border Security along the Kenya-Somalia Border in Wajir County

Securing their boarders has become a concern for all countries globally. This is because unsecure boarders pose a serious threat both to national and international security of states. For instance, the porous Kenya-Somali boarder continues to pose a serious threat to the security and development of Kenya as a country. This study therefore sought to examine how coordinated multi-agencies patrols affects border security along the Kenya-Somalia border. It adopted a descriptive survey research design that used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Stratified and simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to collect data for the study. The tools utilized to get data were, questionnaires and interview schedule. Both qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated to provide robust illustrations of the key findings. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented as percentages, pie charts, and bar graphs. Qualitative data on the other hand was analyzed thematically and presented as quoted verbatim. The study found that joint coordinated patrols, joint intelligence gathering, sharing and analysis and sharing of resources among the various multi-agency teams played a crucial role in border security management. The study concluded that, the Kenya Police Service, the Kenya Defense Forces (KDF), and local administrative bodies have made significant stride in enhancing boarder security along Kenya-Somali boarder in Wajir County. The study recommended that, as far as the issue of joint multi-agency patrols are concerned, there is need to increase human resource and provide the necessary gears for effective multi-agency patrols. For further research, the study had restricted itself to the multi-agency’s cooperation and border security along the Kenya-Somalia border in Wajir County. However, a number of similarities in the multi-agencies’ cooperation was noticed, mostly through literatures. It would be prudent, to stretch out this research to other regions, to determine the applicability of these findings for the whole of the country Kenya.

An efficient convolution neural network method for copy-move video forgery detection

Unmanned systems play a pivotal role in military surveillance, critical infrastructure protection, law enforcement, search and rescue operations, and border security, showcasing their multifaceted importance across diverse applications. Video fraud detection is integral to multimedia security, where our task involves the precise identification of modified segments within video sequences. Current approaches to video fraud detection often rely on manual feature selection and models tailored to detect specific tampering types, such as copy-move or splicing. The general representation powers of deep learning models and the connection of multiple forensic characteristics are still not fully explored. This research uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to identify copy-move video forgeries. Copy-move forgery is a type of video tampering whereby a portion of the video is copied and pasted somewhere different in the same video to cover an essential video characteristic. The method that is being proposed involves dividing the video into individual frames, extracting features from each frame by using a CNN model that has already been trained, and then utilizing these features to train a new CNN model that would classify each frame as either legitimate or fabricated. The proposed method effectively detects copy-move video forgery with an exceptionally high accuracy rate, exceeding current methods of accuracy and computational effort. The proposed method outperformed all other approaches on the SULFA, GRIP, and VTD datasets. The model's accuracy was 85.42 %, 86.16 %, and 81.87 %, respectively, with the shortest times recorded being 9.6 sec, 11.4 sec, and 13.7 sec, respectively. Consequently, specialists can employ the suggested method as a machine-learning instrument for detecting fake videos in real-time.

The technopolitics of border security R&D: Shaping the EU’s border in the Security Research Programme

Technologies are predominantly understood as ‘solutions’ for policy problems in EU border control. This has prompted increased political attention to research and development (R&D) of ‘innovative’ security technologies. The European Commission has continuously increased its spending on the development of security devices in the Security Research Programme; at the same time, border security institutions such as Frontex or eu-LISA have worked to amplify their influence on shaping security research in the EU’s Research Framework Programmes. Against this backdrop, this article develops the argument that R&D is a political practice of ‘making’ and governing the border through its entanglement with the politics of border security in the EU. By conceptualizing R&D as ‘borderwork’, the article interrogates how practices of security R&D inscribes specific logics into EU border security and control. In doing this, it also problematizes how R&D locks in exclusionary dichotomies and categorizations of mobilities through privileging security actors in the process. Based on qualitative interviews, the article provides an in-depth analysis of political processes through which R&D programmes and projects materialize at policymaking, implementing and operational levels. Through this, the article explores comprehensively how political logics of bordering are constantly shaping and simultaneously renegotiated in R&D.

Rapid cargo verification with cosmic ray muon scattering and absorption tomography

Cosmic ray muon tomography is considered a promising method for the non-invasive inspection of shipping containers and trucks. It utilizes highly penetrating cosmic-ray muons and their interactions with various materials to generate three-dimensional images of large and dense materials, like inter-modal shipping containers, typically not transparent with conventional X-ray radiography techniques. The commonly used methods for imaging with muons are based on muon scattering or absorption-transmission data analysis. Due to large thickness of cargo material in shipping container substantial scattering and absorption occur when muons are passing through cargo. One of the key tasks of customs and border security is to verify shipping container declarations to prevent illegal trafficking, and muon tomography could be a viable choice for this task. In this paper, we demonstrate through Monte Carlo simulations using the GEANT4 toolkit that a combined analysis of muon scattering and absorption data can improve the identification of cargo materials compared to using scattering or absorption data alone. The statistical differences in scattering and absorption data for several cargo materials are quantified. For a particular smuggling scenario where tobacco declared as paper towel rolls, it is demonstrated that the combined analysis can accurately distinguish between tobacco and paper towel rolls with 5.5σ accuracy for detector spatial resolution (FWHM) of 0.235 mm, 4.5σ for 1.175 mm resolution (FWHM), and 3.9σ accuracy for 2.35 mm spatial resolution (FWHM), in a short scanning time of 10 seconds. This rapid detection capability has significant implications for anti-smuggling efforts and cargo inspection.

Wall, Wall in the Mirror: Which Is the Sturdiest of Them All?

This research examines the comparative effectiveness of physical versus virtual border walls in managing illegal border crossings along the U.S.-Mexico border, focusing on Yuma, Arizona, and Laredo, Texas. It addresses the question of which type of infrastructure is more efficient in reducing migration and how these approaches influence crossing patterns. Previous studies have largely concentrated on other factors of migration such as economic conditions, overlooking the role of evolving border security systems. This gap in the literature calls for a deeper analysis of these evolving strategies. Utilizing U.S. Customs and Border Protection data from 2020 to 2024, the study analyzes border encounters in these regions, employing time series analysis to investigate shifts in crossing rates and demographic trends. Our findings reveal that physical barriers are effective when properly maintained but lose deterrence power when consistent maintenance and construction is absent. Conversely, virtual walls provide consistent monitoring but are less effective in significantly deterring crossings. Both methods present significant ethical concerns, as physical walls drive migrants to more dangerous routes, while virtual walls amplify surveillance and privacy issues. We conclude that a hybrid approach, integrating physical and technological solutions, could better balance migration management with ethical border enforcement.

The role of the European Union’s securitisation policies in exacerbating the intersectional vulnerability of refugees and asylum seekers

ABSTRACT This article compares the European Union's (EU) reception and resettlement of European and non-European refugees and asylum seekers from an intersectional viewpoint. It does so using data collected during fieldwork in Greece focusing on Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV). The goal is to examine, through an empirical and theoretical study, the gendered, racialised, national and religious nature of the EU's approach to its external policies, border security approaches and its constitutive nature based on contingent, relational and non-additive vulnerabilities and inequalities that have been inherited from the EU's colonial past. The study asks how the influx of refugees fleeing the Russian invasion of Ukraine exemplifies the gendered, racialised, national and religious dimension of the EU's approach to border security. It examines how the EU's approach showcases the paternalistic approach to refugees' vulnerability through essentialisation, which leads to their vulnerabilisation. It looks at the intersectional impact of the gendered, racialised, national and religious constitutive nature of non-European refugees, as well as the gendered, racialised, national and religious notion of ‘others'. Based on the comparison, the article contends that, theoretically, State or EU security and human security policies should not be mutually exclusive. However, as the empirical data illustrate, there are multiple competing ‘insecurities’ which are prioritised over others.

Smart surveillance: deploying drones for efficient and adaptive monitoring solutions

The growing need for real-time and adaptable surveillance solutions has prompted the investigation of cutting-edge technologies within security and monitoring frameworks. This paper introduces an innovative surveillance approach that utilizes drones to improve situational awareness and operational efficiency across various domains, including public safety, border security, and environmental monitoring. The proposed system integrates autonomous drones equipped with sophisticated imaging capabilities, data processing techniques, and machine learning algorithms, facilitating real-time monitoring, threat identification, and comprehensive data analysis. Notable features of this system include autonomous path planning, the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, and effective communication with ground control stations. By merging drone technology with AI-enhanced analytics, this approach provides a scalable and cost-efficient surveillance solution that minimizes the need for human intervention while enhancing accuracy and response times. In this paper, we detail the design, implementation, and performance assessment of our system, underscoring its potential to transform conventional surveillance practices.

Racialized and Geopolitically Charged Contexts of Reception in New Immigrant Destinations

We conceptualize racialized and geopolitical contexts of reception as a comprehensive framework for understanding the incorporation of recent immigrants in new destinations. Racialization is the fluid assignment of racial meanings to physical characteristics, religion, cultural presentation, and language. Geopolitics encompasses national boundaries, border security, regulation of border crossers, and populist–nativist anxieties about identity. We use data derived from a documentary film depicting the 2001 contact between Somali immigrants and a host community in Maine. The reception of these immigrants was profoundly racialized due to their sudden arrival and stark differences in phenotypic, cultural, religious, and linguistic characteristics, all of which were racialized by the host community. The context was geopolitically charged by local memories of the US intervention in Somalia and by the aftermath of 9/11. This study underscores the importance of racialization and geopolitics as intertwined factors that significantly shape immigrant contexts of reception.

Guiding Principles for Department of Defense Global Health Engagements.

Within the past decade, the U.S. DoD has increased spending on global health engagements (GHEs). Not only do these increased efforts strengthen national security but they also fortify the United States' diplomatic relations with foreign governments through medical stability operations and health diplomacy. Maximizing health care-related programs will bolster a partner government's ability to maintain secure borders and prevent conflict while depriving extremists of safe havens. Looking beyond the short-term benefits, the long-term effects of GHEs are not limited to a nation's borders; aid permeates into a society providing social and economic opportunities otherwise unobtainable to the community and effectively winning the hearts and minds of the population. Although the DoD does list policies and procedures in which to conduct GHEs, the proposed set of principles can further prevent conflicts, deliver better foreign humanitarian assistance, and develop a better health care partnership centered around the host nation.

The Politics of Emotions, Bio-Political Border Practices and the Question of (In)security on the Turkish Political Territorial Borders

ABSTRACT This paper conceptually and analytically delineates the operation and employment of discourses and the political emotions of fear and anxiety in the making, conception, and cartographic imagination of the contours of modern Turkey’s political territorial boundaries. This study posits that the emergence and formation of the Turkish political territorial borders after the traumatic and violent experience of the cataclysmic shrinking, collapse and disintegration of the Ottoman Empire continue to influence discourses, emotions, practices and policies of border security and policing. Borders and borderlands are not only sites where the state performs, exercises and displays its sovereign will and power in protecting national security, dignity, pride and honor, but also sources and harbingers of fears, anxieties and ontological (in)securities. In the context of the highly publicized immigration influx of Syrians, Iraqis, Afghanis and others into Turkey, this paper argues that discourses and emotions of fear, anxiety and hate regained new currency and have become consequential in the state’s eliciting of consent from the masses in instituting border walls, fences and harsh border policing practices and policies on the borderlands and in cities across the country.

Commodifying Passage: Ethnographic Insights into Migration, Markets, and Digital Mediation at the Darién Gap and Mexico–Guatemala Border

This paper examines transit migration through the Darién Gap and the Mexico–Guatemala border, focusing on the commodification of migration, the transformative role of digital platforms, and the socio-economic impacts on local economies. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews conducted from 2021 to 2023, we explore how migration has evolved into a commodified journey where services and safety are bought and sold, often exploiting migrants’ vulnerabilities. We analyze how digital platforms have become essential tools for navigation and community building among migrants, yet also introduce new risks and inequalities. Our findings highlight the dual nature of local economic adaptations, which both capitalize on and are reshaped by the migratory flows, leading to significant economic and social transformations. The paper argues for a reevaluation of migration policies that integrates these elements and supports a migration governance framework that prioritizes human dignity and rights. Through exposing these dynamic and interlinked phenomena, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of migration that goes beyond traditional paradigms of border security and control, advocating for policies that are just, equitable, and respectful of human experiences and challenges.

Tracing Trajectories: Qualitative Visualizations of Migrant Death in South Texas, 1993–2020

Executive Summary This paper explores how qualitative information may be used to enhance understanding and inform recommendations for improved accounting of migrant deaths along the Texas-Mexico border. While border crossing related deaths affect jurisdictions throughout the US’s Southwestern border states and Northern Mexican states, Texas has unique challenges that merit specific examination. In short, the management and investigation of unidentified migrant decedents in Texas is severely fragmented and often noncompliant with Texas Criminal Code Procedure. I explore a way to improve accounting of migrant deaths leveraging qualitative information, local newspaper articles from South Texas and Northern Mexico, by using descriptive summaries coupled with Sankey Diagrams and a programmatic technique, qualitative spatial representation (QSR). QSR enabled me to identify under-recognized stakeholders (South Texas locals, Mexican consulates) and under-supported counties (i.e., those with migrant deaths that do not share a border directly with Mexico). I found that local English-language newspapers obscured the prevalence of migrant deaths and that their narrative tone of “business as usual” normalized the occurrence of such deaths. The Spanish-language articles better represented the diversity of agencies and individuals that were involved in the various aspects of migrant remains management and forensic investigation, most notably residents of South Texas themselves (or situational participants who first found the remains) and Mexican consulates. Finally, I noted that the collaborations among Texas counties and between Texan and Mexican jurisdictions, when they were described in the newspapers, highlighted that the phenomenon of migrant deaths penetrates beyond the dividing line of the Rio Grande/Río Bravo River. Migrant deaths must be accounted for in a way that reflects a regional experience in which people may perish as far as ~100 miles into Texas’ interior. Considering these observations, I have two policy recommendations. First, the Office of the Texas Governor should establish funds distinct from the Operation Lone Star program for the management of unidentified human remains. Currently, grants through the Operation Lone Star Program are the only funds available in Texas to support identification of migrant decedents. However, this program is explicitly designed to further border security operations in the state of Texas, which can contradict efforts around recovery and identification. The documentation and forensic investigation of the unidentified deceased can be eclipsed or neglected under the larger deterrence aims of Operation Lone Star. Second, to improve accounting and increase documentation of migrant deaths, a Regional Identification Center should be established in South Texas. Not every county in Texas has or has access to a Medical Examiner’s office, including the means to transport and pay for autopsy or other forensic services. The Center would provide training, store extra equipment such as mobile refrigerated morgues, and hire personnel to inventory cases, and report information to the state (e.g., vital statistics) and to foreign consulates. A Regional Identification Center would counteract the challenges highlighted in the local newspaper summaries and QSR by decreasing the isolation of counties experiencing migrant deaths and serve as a documentary and communication hub for stakeholders in Texas and Mexico.

Migrant Deaths in New Mexico: What is Known; What is Unknown

Executive Summary The United States is no stranger to migration across its borders. In 2020, its Southwestern border saw a drastic increase in apprehensions by the Border Patrol. While imperfect and an undercount of the true number of migration events, apprehension data is often used as a proxy to understand migration patterns. The rise in migration was coupled with an increased but unknown number of deaths along migration routes. This article focuses on the New Mexico portion of the El Paso Border Patrol Sector and the increased migrant caseload at New Mexico’s Office of the Medical Investigator (OMI) over the last few years. To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first academic study to examine migrant deaths in detail in southern New Mexico. We begin by contextualizing the changing pattern of migrant deaths in New Mexico within the broader framework of border policing strategies that have intentionally pushed migration routes to remote areas. We describe the work of the OMI, highlighting its very recent initiatives to track migrant deaths in its database. We then discuss the changes seen by the OMI in its migrant caseload from fiscal year (FY) 2009 to 2023, with the most drastic increase in cases occurring from 2022 to 2023. For instance, the data indicate that most of the identified migrants that have died in New Mexico were recovered in June and July (45 percent), crossed through Doña Ana County (66 percent), were male (60 percent), and among those identified, were from Mexico (65 percent) and between 20 and 39 years of age (69 percent). Of the 248 cases of migrant deaths, 87 percent have been identified. The most common causes of death were undetermined (46 percent) and environmental exposure (41 percent). We then explore the effects of changing governmental policies and state initiatives to curb/reduce migration in the US on OMI’s increased caseload. We discuss the impact that the rapid shift in migration deaths is having on the OMI and how OMI is working to respond and adjust to the dynamic situation. This work highlights the collateral damage of border security measures, underscored by the increasing number of deaths and challenges faced by the OMI. We consider the need for new and amended policies aimed at mitigating the humanitarian crisis that continues to unfold, emphasizing the need for the humane treatment of migrants. Finally, we suggest allocating resources to death investigating agencies. These resources would provide essential support to find, identify, and repatriate migrants, improve agencies’ abilities to collaborate with governmental agencies and programs such as Border Patrol’s Missing Migrant Program, and improve our understanding of the circumstances along the Southwestern border.

КЫРГЫЗ РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНДА ЧЕК АРА КООПСУЗДУГУН КАМСЫЗ КЫЛУУ ҮЧҮН ЧЕК АРА САЯСАТЫН ИШКЕ АШЫРУУНУН КОНСТИТУЦИЯЛЫК НЕГИЗДЕРИ

The article discusses the constitutional basis for the implementation of border policy to ensure border security in the Kyrgyz Republic, development trends in modern conditions of globalization, the impact of globalization on ensuring the security of the state border of the Kyrgyz Republic. Border policy brings the activities of the executive authorities of the Kyrgyz Republic to common views and principles, and also ensures a reasonable combination of today’s opportunities and real needs in resolving many border issues. During the study, the essence of border policy and border security was analyzed, the role of the head of state, government agencies, border service, public associations, and citizens in ensuring border security was studied. The article determines that world experience shows a unified methodological approach for the effective implementation of border policy. In addition, the study identified national interests in the border space of the state, and also determined the direction of comprehensive measures to prevent and neutralize threats by identifying real threats against them.

Legal regulation of the asylum granting and ensuring of the refugees’ rights in the European Union

The article is devoted to the study of the legal regulation of the asylum granting and ensuring of the refugees’ rights in the European Union. Within the framework of the article, the legal basis of the Common European Asylum System functioning, the creation of which is laid down in the constituent treaties of the European Union, is investigated. In particular, it is determined that the purpose of such a common system is to establish unified standards for determining the criteria for admissibility of applications for asylum or international protection, a similar procedure for considering such applications and the grounds for refusing or suspending the status of a refugee or a person seeking temporary protection, as well as determining the state, responsible for providing asylum, uniform standards for ensuring the rights of refugees, as well as common principles of cooperation between the Member States and partner states that are not members of the Union. The key provisions of the Directive on qualification criteria, on the procedure for granting asylum and international protection, on the conditions of reception and rights of refugees, as well as the Dublin Regulation and the Eurodac Regulation were analyzed. The authors put an emphasis on the fact that because of the full-scale invasion and emergence of the war on the territory of Ukraine, significant changes were made to the process and procedures for granting refugee status and providing asylum within the framework of the legislation of the European Union. The latest Pact on Migration and Asylum was analyzed, especially regarding changes in ensuring border security, quick and effective procedures for considering and obtaining the status of a refugee or a person seeking international protection, solidarity and responsibility among countries that are obliged to provide asylum, as well as strengthening international cooperation in the field of migration. The authors express their support for those concerns regarding alleged violations that may occur after the entry into force of the Pact, in connection with the threat of violations of fundamental human rights. It was concluded that ensuring dignity and respect for human rights is a priority, considering that refugees are recognized as persons who have already suffered violations and were forced to leave their homes.