Border People Research Articles

Coalition Army humanitarian assistance for the refugees from South Kurdistan on the Turkish border in 1991.

This study illustrates the amount and significant types of humanitarian assistance, which provided by the coalition forces to the displaced people from South Kurdistan on the Turkish-Iraqi border in 1991. The coalition forces arrived directly to help displaced people because they were around in the area. However, they provided the most necessary emergency supplies because they were capable to deliver hundreds of tons of humanitarian aid and basic necessities of life. Since they had the necessary equipment to carry out emergency supplies to distribute to displaced people in the Turkish-Iraqi border, especially dropping such emergency supplies by plane. The confirmation and adopted of Resolution 688 by the United Nations Security Council led to receive influx of humanitarian aid to the displaced people. The Western countries with the help of US, after confirmed the Resolution 688, played a major role in the making of no-fly zones above latitude (36) in the north ,and the making a peace zone (Safe haven,)in parts of Iraqi Kurdistan. Therefore, the coalition forces could easily deliver this humanitarian aid assistance to people in need and protect them from the repression of the Iraqi government. Later, the coalition forces built several (temporary) settlement camps near the city of Zakho in order to return the displaced people to the peace zone area. They provided humanitarian needs such as food, water and health for the displaced people in the center of these camps. Moreover, they rebuilt many service facilities along the ceasefire zone, saving thousands of lives and returning refugees to their homes.

Characterization of the content and level of human rights protection in the activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine

The article examines the content and level of human rights protection in the activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. It analyzes various aspects of the border agency’s operations, including organizational and legal foundations, methods and forms of control, and personnel training. The importance of clarifying the content of international human rights documents and standards for the effective work of border guard agencies and units is thoroughly discussed. The authors emphasize that knowledge and understanding of these provisions are crucial for law enforcement officers in their daily activities. Emphasis is placed on the fact that understanding the requirements of these documents helps ensure that the actions of the border agency comply with international standards and norms regarding human rights protection. Additionally, it is noted that such activities contribute to the formation of appropriate approaches and behavior among law enforcement officers when dealing with citizens, detaining individuals, and resolving conflict situations. Accordingly, understanding and utilizing international standards is an important element in the professional activities of border guards to ensure the protection of human rights and freedoms. Various approaches and strategies that can be applied to ensure and protect human rights and freedoms during the operational activities of the border service are analyzed. Possible ways to further enhance the effectiveness of this work are highlighted, including improving legislation, increasing personnel qualifications, and implementing new methods and technologies for working with people. Attention is drawn to the importance of developing and implementing a comprehensive approach to ensuring human rights and freedoms in the activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which takes into account various aspects of its functioning and human needs. Such an approach allows optimizing the work of the service with maximum protection of citizens’ rights and freedoms. The conclusion is made about the necessity of restructuring the relationship between border guards and people on the basis of partnership, as well as improving the forms, methods, and means of ensuring human rights and freedoms. It is important that the service personnel adhere to international human rights standards in their activities and continually enhance their competence in this area. The need to improve the efficiency of the border service requires a thorough and systematic scientific analysis of its organizational and legal foundations in this field.

Fisherman Border Crossing Alert System using IoT

The Fisher Man Border Crossing Alert System is a innovative solution designed to enhance the safety and security of fishermen operating near maritime borders. The system integrates real-time tracking technology with border surveillance data to provide timely alerts to fishermen when they approach or cross maritime borders. Fishermen are forced to accidently cross borders where they run the risk of being murdered or captured. It is difficulty in identifying the marine borders between countries. The system is intended to prevent such accidents and to warn fisherman about border areas in advance. Maximum risks occur for fishermen in situations where they travel on a boat for fishing. In some situations, they should not move after some point and they should not enter into other countries area. It can be extensively used by people in the Sea border to find the path to reach the destination. The notification will be sent to the border security forces which act as the server to all other devices that are operated by people in ships. The fishermen crosses the sub border then the warning signal is given to both the countries and alarm is indicated to fisher men

К вопросу о зарождении и расширении социальных сетей китайских пограничных предпринимателей (на примере Хэйхэ и Благовещенска)

This article examines the stages, characteristics and influence of the social networks constructed by Chinese border traders in Heihe and Blagoveshchensk. In the early stages of business, Chinese traders can quickly and easily obtain capital, information, market and technologies with the help of their relatives or home fellows. However, in order to pursue longer-term business development and expand the Russian market, they later build more open, flexible, and heterogeneous social relationships based on economic rationality, especially expanding cross-border social networks with the Russian partners. With the increasingly close cooperation be-tween the border people of the two countries, the prosperity and stability of the border between the two coun-tries have been effectively guaranteed, and the social basis of Sino-Russian relations has become more solid.

Improving Traders' And Buyers' Understanding Of The Exchange Rate In Economic Transactions In The Border Market

This community service carried out at the Wini (Indonesia) border market and Regiao Administrativa Especial de Oecusse (Ambeno) Timor Leste. There are 3 problems that occur at the Wini border market, namely 1) During transactions, traders do not have a certain formula for determining and fixing exchange rates. Determining exchange rates in the market is only based on bargaining between sellers and buyers, 2) In the bargaining process, sellers and buyers do not see the exchange rate that applies when the transaction takes place and 3) traders in the border market determine the exchange rate during the transaction only following the exchange rate that has been made by other traders in the border market. The service was carried out using socialization methods and Focus Group discussions with 20 traders/buyers from Indonesia, Timor Leste and the governments of the two countries.The results of this community service provide understanding to buyers and sellers from two countries about the obligation to use the currency of the country where the transaction occurs, the importance of exchanging foreign money at a legal money changer, the rules regarding international trade, as well as an understanding of the basis for determining the selling value of products that bring business profits. . By doing business according to government regulations and international business standards, people in border markets can win profits.

Unraveling the frontier: A new look at the Inter-Korean border

Constantly shifting geopolitical-economic conditions of the Korean peninsula pose analytical challenges that existing approaches to the inter-Korean border have failed to address; they require a fresh epistemological perspective. The concept of a frontier, which has been widely employed in association with Western history, is helpful in elucidating these complexities. This paper claims that conflicting imperial interests and imperatives construct the inter-Korean border as a frontier. Once a geopolitical front line to recover lost territory and extend freedom, the inter-Korean border was relegated to the periphery as the Cold War order persisted. It was only after the early 2000s that a new geoeconomic vision of frontier was promoted in South Korean academia and policy circles. However, it is not a clear-cut transition but a more complicated competition between geopolitical and geoeconomic visions that has constructed the border in the form of a frontier. Examining the recent conflicts in border cities regarding the distribution of anti-North Korean leaflets across the border, this paper demonstrates that these imperial visions projected in the form of frontiers lay bare hope, profit, or desire but mask the suffering of local border people.

Evaluating the Impact of Cross Border Tourism and People to People Contact on the Regional Cooperation in South Asia: A Study of India and Bangladesh

ABSTRACT In these early decades of the 21st century, one of the most severe difficulties facing citizens worldwide is the task of peacefully coexisting with others in all spheres of personal and public life. This study explores whether cross-border tourism enhances the regional cooperation between the two South Asian countries of India and Bangladesh. The mediating role of people-to-people contact is also investigated. A total of 265 completed questionnaire sets, using convenient sampling, were collected through an online survey. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) approach were used to put the suggested model through its steps and provide empirical support for the hypotheses. The results indicate that the expansion of cross-border tourism, bilateral trade, and people-to-people contact between India and Bangladesh has a favorable effect on their cross-border cooperation. The findings also show that cooperation between the countries is attributed to people-to-people contact in combination with cross-border tourism. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is an introductory study to uncover the vital significance of cross-border tourism in bridging the nations through cross-border tourism by incorporating people-to-people contact. The findings have ramifications for policymakers, planners, and government authorities attempting to enhance people-to-people communication for improved diplomatic connections.

Trans-Curzonia and border people. Ukrainians deported from Poland in Contemporary Ukrainian and Polish literature

This article analyses the image of the contemporary Polish-Ukrainian borderland in Ukrainian literature, and for a comparative context, works by Polish writers are also included. The literary representation of Trans-Curzonia as a special border area, the ethnic borderland where Ukrainians lived before the deportation actions in 1940–1950, is examined. It is argued that the literary topographyof this area is the main focus of Polish authors, especially Andrzej Stasiuk. Above all, it is a space at the intersection of cultures and time, which exists somewhat separately and according to its own specific rules. It was noted that in the prose of the Ukrainian novelist Vasyl Makhno, the main themes are the community of deported Ukrainians and their lost ideal place (home) and nostalgia. In journalism, the main actors have been the communities of Ukrainians who remained in Poland and the witnesses and descendants of those deported in “Operation Vistula”.

The Consequences of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Norwegian/Swedish National Border

This study investigates how the Covid-19 pandemic affected the daily lives of individuals on both sides of the southern part of the Swedish-Norwegian border. Prior to the outbreak of the pandemic in 2020, passing the border without any major regulations from the authorities was the norm. The studied border area is unique, partly through extensive Norwegian border trade to Sweden and partly through significant tourism from Norway. Commuting, on the other hand, has primarily gone in the opposite direction from Sweden to Norway. Norway closed the border for entry on 17 March 2020. The short time intervals of the Norwegian restrictions 2020–2022 created uncertainty and anxiety among the border people. When Norwegian border trade and tourism ceased, it had tangible negative consequences for the economy and jobs on the Swedish side. Social contacts across the border suffered. There was negative rumour-spreading between Norwegians and Swedes. All Norwegian restrictions were lifted on 12 February 2022. The main source for this investigation are reports from local newspapers near the border. They have published reports with interviews and photos featuring opinions from individuals. This study can form the basis for further discussions on approaches and preparations to better cope with future crisis situations.

Multidisciplinary lines of evidence reveal East/Northeast Asian origins of agriculturalist/pastoralist residents at a Han dynasty military outpost in ancient Xinjiang

Han/non-Han interactions were engrained among the border regions of ancient Imperial China. Yet, little is known about either the genetic origins or the lifeways of these border peoples. Our study applies tools from ancient deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and stable isotope analysis to the study of a Han dynasty population at the Shichengzi site in modern-day Xinjiang. Isotopic analysis (δ13C and δ15N) of human (n = 8), animal (n = 26), and crop remains (n = 23) from Shichengzi indicated that dietary patterns among site inhabitants could be split among agro-pastoral and agricultural groups based on differences in the collagen 15N ratios. DNA analysis divided the four Shichengzi samples into two groups, with one group primarily harboring the ancient Northeast Asian (ANA) related ancestry, while the other showed a dominant Late Neolithic Yellow River (YR_LN) related ancestry. Both ancient DNA and stable isotope evidence point to the Northeast Asian origins of pastoralists and East Asian origins of Han agriculturalists, who, nonetheless, shared a single burial space at Shichengzi. This study thus provides clear evidence for the multiple origins and identities of populations across the porous border represented by the Han Empire and surrounding regions and proposes a new model for the interpretation of border culture in early Imperial China.

Border Trade: An Effective Way for Border Rural Revitalization in the New Era

Rural revitalization in border areas is an important part of rural revitalization in China. Border trade plays a positive role in implementing national policies to benefit the people, attracting border people back to border areas, consolidating border security, promoting ethnic integration and sharing the fruits of development. The potenti al of border trade can be fully stimulated by policy optimization, upgrading of mutual association s, industrial chain development and industryindustry-city construction , to comprehensively promote the rural revitalization of border areas in the new

“The Path to Progress or the Sleep of Reason”: Representations of (Re)bordering Processes at the Finnish-Russian Borderlands

Abstract In 1958, the last train transporting war reparations left Parikkala, a southeast border town in Finland, for the Soviet Union. This marked the end of any normal cross-border traffic. Today, Parikkala is negotiating to change its border-crossing status from temporary to international. This article explores local and regional newspaper coverage of Parikkala's effort to get its new cross-border policy approved. Utilizing frame analysis, trauma studies, and border studies, the article aims to answer the following questions: Do any distinguishable frames emerge from the news texts? What is the message they convey? What kind of social, cultural, and historical trauma and its processes are involved in locally situated border narratives, and what is their place in border politics, information production, and distribution? Parikkala's situation raises complex questions about the role of the nation-state(s) in bordering practices and control as well as local border peoples’ chances to influence bordering processes.

A Socio-Linguistic Profile of Nigeria’s Eastern Borderlands

The paper examines the phenomena of language maintenance, shift, separation, and spread of the demographic proportion of the ethnolinguistic groups on either side of the borders, and argues that language use in various public domains is consistent with language policy, planning, and development. The paper is anchored on visible data in a conceptual framework that offers a triglottic configuration that has been used in both and within various multilingual states in Africa, and more specifically with Cameroon by Tadedjeu (1975) and Nigeria by Brann (1981). The Tadedjeu and Brann framework enabled an analysis of the border configuration concerning languages. It is indicated that the seemingly autochthonous peoples of the border are so deeply rooted that it appears most of them wandered there within the last few centuries. Thus, with the growing level of interdependence across the border region, it is considered that the younger generation of the border peoples will someday wander into cities, become bilingual, and forget their language, leaving behind a vanishing generation of chthonophones.

Impacts of quarrying activities on the environment and livelihood of people in Border II sub‐location, Nyando sub‐county, Kisumu County, Kenya

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the impacts of quarrying activities on the environment and livelihood of people in the Border II sub‐location. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, Key Informant Interviews, Focus Group Discussion, laboratory analysis and observations. Whereas, secondary data was obtained from Landsat satellite images, journals, articles, books and reports. The acquired data were analyzed using excel and Arc GIS; and presented into tables and figures. The Land use/cover change analysis from the satellite images of the area showed that quarry lands have increased by 5.2 Ha (0.26%). Quarrying activities in the area were perceived to have both positive and negative impacts on the livelihood of people and the environment. Some of the most serious environmental problems were; dust pollution (82%), noise (76%), land degradation (74%), vegetation loss (60%) and vibration (52%). Whereas, negative socioeconomic impacts were; building cracks (54%), injuries (36%), school dropouts (35%), roads damages (33%), child labor (31%) and crop effects (30%). Moreover, 45% of the area residents and 44% of the quarry workers have experienced health problems related to quarrying activities. Nevertheless, there was a significant relationship between quarrying activities and the environmental as well as human health problems in the area (p<0.05). The positive impacts identified are; employment, roads improvement, security, CSR, building materials, business opportunities, among others. To mitigate the negative impacts, the quarry operators should develop and implement an Environmental and Social management Plan, including fair compensation of the project which affect a person, relocation of near homes, environmental pollution control, public participation, scaling down blasting activities, and strict policies compliance and enforcement.

Beyond the Steppe Frontier: A History of the Sino-Russian Border

Beyond the Steppe Frontier: A History of the Sino-Russian Border

Yau̯nā and Sakā: Identity Constructions at the Margins of the Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire can be reasonably considered an “empire of peoples” from both an ideological and structural perspective. It included all the lands of the peoples of the world and all people helped to maintain imperial order and prosperity. In reality, the empire had boundaries and there were peoples who lived near and beyond them. Under King Darius I, groups of people were annexed at the northeastern and northwestern margins of the imperial territory, thus entering the imperial space and consequently also the Achaemenid documents. The border peoples of the Yau̯nā and Sakā were the only peoples of the empire to be differentiated through epithets, which were added to their collective names in the texts. This shows a unique process of group identity constructions by the authorities on the edges of the imperial space. The analysis of the system of epithets used to indicate the Yau̯nā and Sakā conducted in this paper allows us to draw some conclusions on the mechanisms and reasons behind these specific forms of identity constructions at the margins. Moreover, it shows how this process reflected the main directions of imperial expansion under the first Achaemenids.

The Power of Limit

This project analyses the field of current geographic political partitions offering an interdisciplinary evaluation able to describe the space in the borders as ‘narrative beginning’, as ‘contact infrastructure’ that crosses territories where inhabitants are neither citizens nor refugees but only ‘border people’. At the end, cognitive horizons able to breach the Wall, going beyond the political-territorial divisions which have always existed in a world which is a sort of more or less fortified bulwark able to suggest ‘border worlds’ that are ‘city’, ‘border land’. We observe a porous border with a rhizomatic trend that reformulates a synergistic relationship between the individual and the territory in an antinomic game of actions and reactions. Appears an idea of multiplicity in which the ‘rhizome-like’ structure becomes decentralized configurations where each part can be connected to another without go through specific points, as the infrastructure network or even the virtual system of global contacts. So, the space in the borders results in a new map of the delocalized space that increasingly requires of a design thinking that, on the basis of critiques of data, variables and statistics, sometimes becomes ‘hard’ and sometimes ‘elastic’, sometimes ‘insurmountable’ and sometimes ‘flexible’ and that finds an answer in the connivance between opposites and in the territorial synergy.

TAJIK-AFGHAN BORDER AREAS AS A SOCIO-ECONOMIC and ETHNOCULTURAL CONTACT ZONE

In the modern world, borders are often no longer perceived as a barrier, but, on the contrary, become a contact zone for border regions, engaging nations and peoples, their cultures and economies. Presumably, at present the remoteness of any area from a country’s center does not imply its cultural or economic backwardness; conversely, it most likely offers additional opportunities for economic and socio-cultural development. This article examines the border regions of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, their cooperation and the consequences of these ties for their socio-economic development. The beginning of the post-Soviet period was characterized by weak economic ties between Tajikistan and Afghanistan due to the civil wars that affected both countries at the time. The countries also lacked the transport infrastructure required for cross-border trade and cooperation. Subsequently, through the efforts of the authorities of the two countries and international organizations, these problems began to be resolved. The article’s scientific novelty lies in the analysis of the socio-demographic development of the border areas in Tajikistan and Afghanistan and the identification of the key forms of ethnocultural interaction of the border population. As a result of the study, the authors identify and characterize the forms of socio-economic and ethnocultural contacts that occur through border trade, commercial migration, education and the integration of refugees into the Tajik community. The significant role of these contacts plays a significant role in the life of the population of the border areas, which are cut off from the centers of their countries. First, it is a mutually complementary process that involves obtaining new knowledge and strengthening ties. Secondly, cross-border trade and commercial migration between Tajikistan and Afghanistan play a vital role in the livelihoods of the respective communities and support the development of border regions, contributing to the development of friendly relations between countries and act as effective methods of fighting poverty, creating new jobs and providing income for the population of the border regions. In addition, the study examined the programs and projects of international organizations that contribute to the development and strengthening of border relations between Tajikistan and Afghanistan in the sphere of border trade and strengthening of security. The authors conducted an observation and a survey at the border market, where residents of the neighboring territories of Tajikistan and Afghanistan come together. The observation revealed that for many households, border markets are the only platforms for earning money.

EXPRESSÕES DO NEOLIBERALISMO DIANTE DO ESTADO DE BEM ESTAR SOCIAL: Desacertos e Equívocos de um Modelo que Caminha para o Fracasso: EXPRESSIONS OF NEOLIBERALISM BEFORE SOCIAL WELFARE: Uncertainty and Misconceptions of a Model That Walks to Failure

This article is the result of the ongoing research project entitled “The Migration Dynamics of Traditional Border People in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul and the Reflections of Veto Message 163/2017”, which is part of a larger project (OGUATA GUASU AND TERRITORY: An anthropological analysis of Guarani mobility on the borders of Mato Grosso do Sul), funded by CNPq. The article seeks to analyze the neoliberal conception, articulating this study with the state policies of demarcation of indigenous lands in the border region of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, reaching the conclusion that the state, while linked to capital, will remain distant from its real purposes regarding traditional populations and the realization of rights, as shown in the veto message studied. Through the inductive method and the bibliographical, jurisprudential and historical research the article will seek to reach the expected result.

A Study on the Formation of Ethical Subjectivity of North Korean Refugees as Border People: Focused on Hannah Arendt’s The Life of the Mind

이 논문은 북한이탈주민이 남한 사회의 일원으로서 어떻게 윤리적 주체성을 형성해야 하는지에 관한 연구이다. 이를 위해 정치 철학자 한나 아렌트의 『정신의 삶』에 나타난 사유에 기초하여, 북한이탈주민이 남한 사회의 일원으로서 윤리적 주체성을 형성할 수 있도록 ‘법적 주체로 사유하기’, ‘도덕적 주체로 의지하기’, ‘인륜적 주체로 판단하기’를 제시하고, 결론으로 ‘서로-주체성’의 보편주의를 북한이탈주민은 물론 남쪽 국민의 윤리적 주체성으로 제안하고자 한다. ‘서로-주체성’을 통한 남과 북의 정체성 변화 및 강화는 마음의 통일로 이어져, 경제, 문화, 정치의 통일을 앞당기는 계기가 될 것이다.