Border City Research Articles

Bolkar Dağları (Türkiye) Akreplerine Katkılar

Bolkar Mountains that is mountain group located between Inner Anatolia and Mediterranean region in the city borders of Niğde, Adana, Karaman, Konya and Mersin Provinces. 151 scorpion samples collected from 31 different localities from July to September in 2010. As a result of the evaluation of samples of terrain, 18 Euscorpius koci samples from Euscorpiidae; 113 Aegaeobuthus gibbosus samples from Buthidae (88 adult); 13 Protoiurus asiaticus samples from Luridae and 7 Scorpio fuscus samples from Scorpionidae were determined. Finally, this study gave information about systematics, morphological characteristics and bioecological observation of scorpions distributed in Bolkar Mountains.

A Review on Housing Affordability and Housing Policy Application in Neglected Border Cities in Jordan

A Review on Housing Affordability and Housing Policy Application in Neglected Border Cities in Jordan

The stock-flow-service nexus of personal mobility in an urban context: Vienna, Austria

Sustainable resource use calls for substantial changes to existing infrastructures, which lock societies into current resource use patterns. Urban mobility is a case in point: existing material stocks of infrastructure and vehicles require large amounts of materials and energy for maintenance and operation in order to provide mobility services, thereby causing considerable emissions. Understanding the stock-flow-service nexus of urban mobility is crucial for achieving progress towards absolute reductions of resource use and emissions. In this article, we investigate personal mobility in an urban context - Vienna. We use stock-driven material and energy flow analysis to quantify mobility stocks and flows for four different modes of mobility: pedestrian, bicycle, public transport and motorized individual traffic (MIT). We quantify material flows for maintenance, expansion, as well as primary energy use and emissions linked to personal mobility within city territory and compare a number of stock-flow-service indicators. Public transport was found to deliver most mobility services (38%), when services were measured as trips. Pedestrian mobility showed the lowest stock intensity of services while using less energy and generating lower emissions per service than any other mobility mode. Trips crossing the city border showed high shares of motorized individual traffic (62–63%). Traffic surfaces dominated material requirements of mobility and are mainly (78%) used by MIT. We conclude that considering stock-flow-service relations can support prioritizing future urban mobility planning, highlight the importance of infrastructure-related measures in doing so and the need for better monitoring especially of mobility service indicators.

Situating the \u201cCultural Reach\u201d of Cities in a Multiscalar Field

On the basis of empirical material from a city bordering Syria and Turkey, this article aims to situate the city’s emerging landscape of culture and arts in the 2000s within the dynamics of neoliberalizing city-making. It provides a political economy of the city’s “cultural reach” by connecting the dynamics of cultural production to value creating processes in and through urban regeneration to understand when, how, and which groups and sites become de- and re-valorized. It highlights the futility of nation state-city, state-civil society binaries in analysing the power geometry of multiscalar actors involved in the work, efficacy and the potency of cultural networks, institutions, and “cultural diplomacy.”

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in children from public preschool in the Triple Border Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay

Introduction: The prevalence of parasitosis in children from Brazilian border cities is unknown. Objective: To identify the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children from public pre-school on the Brazilian border and their socioeconomic and health profile. Methods: Fecal samples were obtained from 178 children from public early childhood educational center (CMEI) in Brazilian border municipalities in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil. Samples were processed by Hoffman sedimentation and zinc sulfate centrifugation and flotation methods. A questionnaire was administered to children´s parents or guardians regarding parasitic diseases, socioeconomic status, and sanitary habits. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 26.9% (n=48). A high prevalence of Giardia duodenalis was found (16.3%), followed by Endolimax nana (8.4%), Enterobius vermiculares (1.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides, and Entamoeba coli (0.5%). Forty-seven children (26.4%) presented monoparasitism. The percentage of parasitosis was significantly higher among male children (33.7% - p<0.036) who exhibited weight loss (50.0%), were from low-income families (35.4%- p=0.05), and had mothers with a low education (54.0%-p=0.0001). The highest percentage of Giardia was in children who exhibited weight loss (42.9% - p<0.05) and had mothers with low education (35.0%- p=0.0001). Multivariate analysis indicated that in the variable gender (male gender), weight loss and low maternal education contributed to the variability of parasitosis in children from the surveyed MCEC. Conclusion: The higher prevalence of Giardia was due to child and family variables. The detection of Enterobius vermiculares and Ascaris lumbricoides, despite the low frequency, indicates the need for better basic sanitation policies. Keywords: child; parasites; prevalence; border areas; giardiasis.

Gender Differences in Methamphetamine Use Initiation and Trajectory of Use Among People Who Use Methamphetamine in a Mexico-U.S. Border City.

Methamphetamine (meth) is a stimulant increasing in use and its prevalence has not yet been determined on the Mexico-U.S. border. Few studies highlight gender differences in meth use, trajectory, and initiation by gender. Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, across the border from El Paso, Texas, has an established stimulant using population and lies on drug trafficking route. This study assessed gender differences in drug and meth use patterns among people meth people use meth. This cross-sectional study included 150 people with recent meth use, age 21 years or older, and living in Ciudad Juárez. Measures collected included sociodemographic characteristics, cross-border mobility, drug and meth use characteristics. Statistically (p-value<0.05) and marginally (p-value<0.10) significant gender differences were determined using appropriate bivariate tests. The sample included 45 cisgender women, five transgender women, and 100 cisgender men with a mean age of 30.9 years. Men had significantly higher rates of snorting meth by nose in powder or rock forms while trans/women more frequently using meth in pill form. Men had higher rates of crossing the border for work, with meth and to obtain meth. Trans/women reported higher rates of acquiring meth from main sexual partner and initiating meth use in Mexico. There are gender differences in patterns of meth use and initiation. Sample of people who use meth in general population can be achieved. These findings point to a need for evidence-based meth use reduction treatment programs that are culturally appropriate and tailored for gender.

Perception of the community affected by evictions in the bengawan solo river border of surakarta city in 2017

River Normalization Aims to overcome flood disasters. One of the processes of normalization of bengawan solo is to clean the river border from the settlement. The eviction of settlements in the river border of the Bengawan Solo in the city of Surakarta will lead to positive and negative perceptions for the affected community. This study aims to determine the perceptions of the people affected by evictions in the Bengawan Solo river border of Surakarta city. This research uses descriptive method and research sampling is that the people affected by the eviction of settlements in the Bengawan Solo border include Joysuran Village, Sangkrah Village, Sewu Village, and Semanggi Village in Surakarta City. The results of the study showed that the affected community in Surakarta City gave a positive response to the process of evicting Bengawan Solo river border settlements in the form of approval of evictions with some conditions but the affected people also gave a negative response to the process of compensation for eviction of Bengawan Solo river border settlements in the form of unwillingness to be evicted before an agreement in compensation took place

Health disparities in access to health care for HIV infection, substance abuse, and mental health among Latino men who have sex with men in a U.S.–Mexico Border City

A cross-sectional study among 150 community-dwelling Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) in a U.S.–Mexico border city was conducted to describe health disparities in access to care for HIV infection, substance use/abuse, and mental health. Data were collected in 2013 and 2014. Median age of participants was 26 years, and the majority of participants identified as a sexual minority and born in the United States. Half did not have health insurance and reported suicidal ideation. One-eighth reported living with HIV. Most common substances reported were alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. Clinicians who provide care for Latino MSM should be aware of intersecting comorbidities.

A serological and hematological study on Rift valley fever and associated risk factors in aborted sheep at Kurdistan province in west of Iran

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a disease caused by RVF virus (RVFV) which can cause infections in a range of wild and domestic ruminants as well as in humans and characterized by an increased incidence of abortion in ruminants. This study aims to survey the seroprevalence and risk factors of this zoonose among aborted sheep in Kurdistan province, the west of Iran. 182 blood samples were collected from aborted sheep during the past one month under age groups <1, ≥1−3, >3−5 year in four seasons in two groups of border and non-border cities of Kurdistan province. The presence of RVFV-specific Antibodies was investigated by using competitive ELISA. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) was used to confirm positive samples, after separation of serum, as well as blood samples were analyzed for description of hematological parameters. Of a total sheep sampled 1.65 % (n = 3) were positive for RVFV antibodies in both test. The results of IIFA were correlated with the ELISA results. All of the positive samples showed leucopenia and had significant relation with seroprevalence of RVF (P < 0.05). The seroprevalence of RVF in the border cities were significantly higher than other group (P < 0.05) Age of sheep and season had no significant effect on prevalence of RVF (P > 0.05). Results obtained in this study indicated the presence of low-level RVFV circulation among the sheep of Kurdistan Province in Iran, so it is necessary to carry out further studies in other areas of Iran. Doing an epidemiologically study aimed at isolating RVFV in the ruminants of Kurdistan province is recommended. The risk factor of bordering with Iran's western neighbor (Iraq) requires seriously control of the exchange of animals and the relevant products between the two countries.

The emerging intersectional performative gender of displaced Syrian women in southeast Turkey

This article explores the interconnection between intersectionality and gender performativity. It aims to understand how the interplay between multiple identities based on gender, nationality, ethnicity, religion and sexuality contributes to shaping different forms of gender performativity within the context of Syrians’ displacement in Turkey. The article presents an analysis of interview data collected from 40 Syrian refugee women living in three southeast Turkish border cities: Gaziantep, Mardin and Sanliurfa. The research used the method of personal narrative interviewing to explore changing gender practices in the context of displacement. It is argued that the emerging gender performativity of Syrian refugee women is shaped by the intersecting of their multiple identities; the interconnection between the past and the present experiences of these identities; and the different effects of identity practices over time and place on women’s lived experience and social relations.

Border Environmental Justice PPGIS: Community-Based Mapping and Public Participation in Eastern Tijuana, México.

Community mapping projects have been studied as important contributions to the field of environmental justice and Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS). As a collaborative project between the Colectivo Salud y Justicia Ambiental and Red de Ciudadanos por el Mejoramiento de las Comunidades (RECIMEC), the “Mapeo Comunitario de la Zona Alamar” was created as a mechanism for community participation in the urban planning process in Tijuana, México. This paper outlines the project’s community mapping process, including planning, data collection, priority identification, and data submission. Results from this community mapping project are analyzed including the (1) particular environmental risks and goods in this border region, (2) the influence that the project data had on the urban planning process, and (3) the impact that the community mapping process had on community organizing capacity. Our findings point to particular environmental challenges in this border city including clandestine trash dumps, and contaminated water runoff points. The mapping project influenced the land use planning process by identifying the key environmental risks and goods to prioritize in the zoning and ground truthing urban planning data. The community mapping project also had a key impact on community organizing through the fomenting of knowledge and relationships between community members and government representatives at the city’s urban planning agency.

Urbanization and Sustainable Cities in Nigeria

Rapid urbanization is on the increase especially in the developing countries and, the need for shaping sustainable cities continues to draw widespread recognition and has remained a major concern. Thus, urbanization and sustainable cities in Nigeria is examined using descriptive technique and came up with several lessons. Arable land is declining following fast increasing urban population growth. Arable land may not be capable of sustaining to meet the needs of the future generation, as the urban population continues to increase except appropriate policies are put in place to control it. Nitrous oxide emissions also rise at a faster rate, rising above the urban population growth. Such a trend means jeopardizing sustainable cities. Renewable energy consumption is falling while CO2 emissions are rising, which undermines sustainable city. Urbanization is fast increasing and cities are formed but the cities are not sustainable. We recommend infrastructural development in Peri-urban areas and rural areas. This will facilitate the urbanization process and city borders can be expanded and spread out to absorb neighbouring cities. In this way, urban population agglomerations will reduce and more arable land will be available. Also, the efficient use of renewable energy systems is recommended.

Ciudad Juárez. Una reflexión sobre la influencia de la actividad económica en la infraestructura, el espacio público, la inseguridad y el desarrollo urbano de las ciudades.

El presente ensayo plantea una reflexión sobre como la manera en que se desarrollaron las diversas actividades económicas en la Ciudad Fronteriza, Ciudad Juárez, en Chihuahua, influyó en la infraestructura, la inseguridad y la mala planeación de espacios públicos de la ciudad. Asimismo, expone como esto afecta a sus habitantes, en especial a las mujeres y otros grupos vulnerables y plantea la urgencia de nuevos acercamientos para buscar soluciones que mejoren la calidad de vida de quienes la habitan y hacen uso de los espacios urbanos.

The Role of the Border Region in Sino-North Korean Trading Networks: A Focus on Dandong, China

ABSTRACT This research investigated the micro-level Sino-North Korean trading practices in Chinese border city Dandong with the help of a network approach. Dandong companies had long-term business relations with North Korea and took brokerage roles by channeling North Korean information, personnel, and products to the outside world. Dandong took an indispensible role in providing access to North Korean-related businesses with the advantage coming from historically-built personal relations, convenient logistics directly linking to Pyongyang, and easy access to North Korean economic agents. They leveraged brokerage roles in Sino-North Korean trading networks and contributed to give the networks a high-level of path-dependency. The strategies of Chinese border companies and less-institutionalized trading system of North Korea provided existing partners distinctive advantages in business relations. These practices that endowed border companies unique brokerage roles are likely to persist until a dramatic change in North Korea and its international environments.

Trust in police: an exploratory study among Hispanic college students

ABSTRACT Trust in police is crucial for optimal police performance. Accordingly, much scholarly attention has focused on examining correlates of trust in police in the U.S., particularly with respect to racial and ethnic minorities. While often considered to have less trust in police than other citizens, trust in police is a multi-faceted metric, and this study examines several aspects that interact with it among a Hispanic population. The dimensions that influence trust in police examined here include assimilation, perceptions of procedural justice, and neighborhood factors such as disorder and community engagement. This research studied a sample of 732 mostly Hispanic college students located in a mid-size border city in southern Texas to examine the impact of assimilation on their trust in police as indicated by their willingness to call the police. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the structural relations among a variety of factors. The results confirmed the importance of context and indicated that assimilation, perceptions of procedural justice, and neighborhood context all had a profound impact on trust in police. These findings have important implications for policing practice.

Exchange Rate Pass-Through to Prices in Mexico: A Study of the Main Border and Non-Border Cities

This study analyzes the exchange rate pass-through effect on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Mexico's main border and 27 non-border metropolitan cities. The period examined includes monthly data from January 2002 to December 2019. A vector autoregressive model (VAR) is used, which includes formal employment at the city level as a proxy to economic development, interest rates, nominal exchange rates, each analyzed city’s CPI, U.S. consumer prices, energy commodity prices and control variables such as service sector employment share and large firm employment share. Impulse response functions are constructed. Results for the 2002-2016 period indicate that exchange rate changes primarily affect border cities. Different arguments are included to justify such results. Pass-through values are also found to increase in general for all cities when the period 2017-2019 (January 2017 when important gasoline price shocks started previous its price liberalization in December 2017) is included in the regressions.

Local Abundance and Distribution of Phocoenidae and Delphinidae Families in the Territorial Waters of Romania

"The vulnerability of the ecosystem, and mostly the Black Sea marine ecosystem, to human pressures is advisable to be assessed through indicators. Either we are speaking about human pressure or fauna and flora species, one of these indicators are filled by the marine mammal populations. Long-lived, slow-reproducing dolphins and porpoises are already recommended world-wide. During ANEMONE project we were able to perform several vessel surveys along the 12 NM area of Romanian Black Sea, between Sulina (northern border city) and Vama Veche (southern border village). The surveys were performed following distance sampling line transect methods and analyzed with Distance 7.3. software. The data were collected during spring 2019, summer 2019 and spring-summer 2020 and brings in discussion the status of the three cetacean species, abundance and distribution, in light of the latest research, and regional context, compared to the 2013 (""Adverse fisheries impacts on Cetacean population in the Black Sea"" under the European Commission's ""Studies for Carrying out the Common Fisheries Policy"" research programme) and 2019 (CeNoBS: ""Support MSFD implementation in the Black Sea through establishing a regional monitoring system of cetaceans (D1) and noise monitoring (D11) for achieving GES"") survey results. The article reveals the results of these efforts and discusses the present situation of the two cetacean families present in the Romanian coastal waters. Key-Words: dolphins, porpoises, abundance, distribution, seasons "

Boa Vista, Roraima: Border City and Cultural Hybridization

Boa Vista, Roraima: Border City and Cultural Hybridization

Vacíos urbanos y desigualdad socioeconómica: temas que convergen en la frontera norte de México

Urban empty spaces can be understood as those vacant lands waiting to be built. In legal terms, its regime can vary between public and private. This article analyzes the nature of its geospatial distribution, examining the correlation between this urban phenomenon and the socioeconomic inequality of the population of three border cities in northern Mexico (Mexicali, San Luis Río Colorado, and Nuevo Laredo). A descriptive-comparative methodology was implemented based on statistical techniques and digital and physical surveys of the vacant lands in these cities. The results indicate that poverty levels and the number of empty urban spaces are directly related (positively correlated). In conclusion, a comparative discussion is presented between the three cities is presented. Also, the main differences and coincidences identified are pointed out.

Are Poorer Mexicans Exposed to Worse Air Quality? Long-Term Evidence from Satellite Imaging Data

In the Global South, comprehensive empirical evidence on environmental inequity, i.e., disproportionate pollution levels in poorer or more marginalized communities, is scarce, despite numerous anecdotes. A couple of prior studies in Mexico investigate this question for either border cities with the U.S. or utilizing self-reported plant level toxic pollution data. Neither deal with exposure to ambient air pollution despite its huge disease burden and related income shocks on the individuals affected. Using 15 years of remote sensing data on fine particulate matter (smaller than 2.5 microns), we show that more marginalized communities in Mexico experience up to 1% annual increase in pollution levels in the long-term. Given the wealth of air pollution data, we show that spatial boundaries with higher past marginalization experienced an average increase in pollution by almost 2.6% annually. Unlike the Global North, where disparities are strongly linked to race, we do not find strong evidence of indigenous population-based differential pollution burden.