Borax Content Research Articles

Fresh and Hardened Properties of High Calcium Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Matrix with High Dosage of Borax

Geopolymer is synthesized by mixing material rich in alumina and silica, such as fly ash, with a highly alkaline solution to form a hardened matrix. However, when using high calcium fly ash as a precursor, a flash set frequently occurs, i.e., the mixture hardens very rapidly before casting can be completed. The use of borax as an additive has been reported due to its potential to prolong the setting time. In this study, the use of a significantly higher dosage of borax is explored. The results show that the addition of borax up to 20% of fly ash, by mass, into the alkaline solution prolongs the setting time by up to 90 min. Conversely, the addition of higher amounts of borax tends to decrease the compressive strength of the geopolymer, whereas adding a small amount of calcium oxide into the mixture increases the strength marginally, especially when the borax content is small. However, the amount of calcium oxide should be limited because at higher content, the effectiveness of borax to prolong the setting time is reduced.

Analysis Content Boraks in Rice Cake Soid in the Region of Banda Aceh

This study aims to analysis the possible presence of borax content in rice cake sold in the region of Banda Aceh and determine the shelf life of rice cake. This research is quantitative research type experiments. Identification of rice cake made of borax in laboratory Chemistry FKIP Unsyiah. Identified cake obtained from the three market region of Banda Aceh namely Peunayong Market, Setui Market, and Ulee Kareng Market. From the research that has been conducted in the laboratory, produces four samples of rice cake (B, D, E, and F) positively identified borax circulating in the market area Peunayong and 5 samples of rice cake (A, C, G, H, and I) negative borax. The observation of the shelf life of rice cake is done for five days, the sample A, C, G, H, and I started to change on the second day. Samples B and D began to change on the fourth day, the samples E to survive until the third day, while samples F did not experience any change from the first to the fifth day.

Using borax as a cross-linking agent in cellulose-based hydrogels

In this research, the cellulose-based hydrogels were obtained from the water hyacinth fibers (WHFs) with aids of borax as a chemical cross-linker. The chemical treatment on WHFs, confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), exhibited the reduction of hemicellulose and lignin. The treated cellulose fibers were dissolved in the mixed solution of NaOH/urea prior to mixing with borax at the cellulose/borax weight ratio of 1/0, 1/0.5 and 1/1 to prepare cellulose-based hydrogels. The effect of borax contents on the properties of cellulose-based hydrogels was investigated. The results showed that the swelling ratio and equilibrium water content of the obtained hydrogels were similar with increasing a borax content.

PEMBUATAN BAHAN DAN PELATIHAN IDENTIFIKASI FORMALIN SERTA BORAKS DALAM MAKANAN DENGAN METODE SEDERHANA BAGI SEKELOMPOK MASYARAKAT YANG BERASAL DARI BEBERAPA KABUPATEN DI PAPUA

The use of formalin and borax as food preservatives is prohibited by the government, because this material is toxic (poison).However, some survey results indicate that several types of food ingredients in traditional markets and other food traders still contain formalin and borax. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce to the general public how to identify formalin and borax use simple materials and tools. Qualitative test of formalin content in food was used fehling A and fehling B solution. While the qualitative test of borax content was used in turmeric which was prepared in the form of tumeric paper. Activities between speakers and trainees were held face-to-face and the practice of identifying food ingredients containing both formalin and borax were carried out directly in the laboratory. From the results of the activities that had been carried out, it can be concluded that although the ingredients for identification of formalin and borax in food ingredients obtained from simple ingredients, cheap and easy to obtain such as fehling A and fehling B and turmeric in the form of tumeric paper, but they can identify food ingredients contains formalin and borax. Fehling A and Fehling B solutions can identify qualitatively with significant results between that contain and not contain formalin. Similarly, tumeric paper can identify qualitatively with significant results between that contain and not contain borax in food ingredients. Participants were very motivated to apply the results of this activity to the community where they live especially after seeing the results of qualitative tests using fish purchased at the Hamadi traditional market during this service. Qualitative test results using fehling A and B solutions identified red snapper purchased at the traditional Hamadi market using preservatives from formalin.Keywords: Formalin, Borax, Preservatives, Fehling A, Fehling B, Turmeric

Ductile composites with strain hardening behavior constructing highly sensitive electronic sensor

Abstract A strain hardening elastomer (B-PIP) is prepared by introducing boronate ester bonds to hydroxyl-modified polyisoprene (OH-PIP). Elastomers with tuned mechanical strength and stretchability are obtained by mixing different amounts of borax into OH-PIP. B-PIP composite with 15% borax content exhibits high strain at fracture (≈1500%) and low tensile strength (

Development Of Laboratory Work Instruction For Junior High School: Borax Content Identification Using Natural Indicators

The main goal of this study is to develop a laboratory work instruction for junior high school, in particular in identification of non food additives, such as borax, in daily foodstuff. The method of development is referred to a four-step procedure by Borg and Galls. There are 94 samples of extract of leafs and flowers of various tropical plants that have been examined for identification of borax. Of these samples it is found that there are 4 flower extracts that indicate sensitivity to the borax content, namely Ruellia Simplex, Curcuma Longa, Plumeria Ruba, and Portulaca Grandiflora. In later stage of development the laboratory instruction were validated by academic experts and school teachers. The results of validation indicate that the guideline is suitable to be implement in laboratory works at junior high school.

Analisis Kandungan Formalin, Boraks, dan Protein dalam Mie Basah

Mie basah adalah salah satu makanan berbahan dasar tepung dan banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat karena relatif mudah diolah. Agar Mie basah lebih awet dan lebih kenyal,terkadang mie basah tersebut ditambah dengan formalin dan boraks. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis kandungan formalin dan boraks pada mie basah. Menurut SNI 2987:2015 tidak boleh ada pengawet formalin dan boraks dalam mie basah, serta kadar minimum protein adalah sebesar 9,5%. Penentuan analisis kualitatif formalin menggunakan uji warna sedangkan analisis kualitatif boraks menggunakan uji nyala. Penentuan kadar protein pada sampel mie basah menggunakan metode Kjeldahl. Pada 3 sampel mie basah yang dijual Pasar Gedhe Kota Surakarta dan sekitarnya diperoleh hasil yang negatif atau tidak mengandung formalin dan boraks, sehingga memenuhi syarat mutu mie basah berdasarkan SNI 2987 : 2015. Rata-rata kadar protein dalam mie basah sangatlah kecil pada sampel A sebesar 0,31 %, sampel B sebesar 1, 22% dan sampel C sebesar 2,61%, sehingga tidak memenuhi syarat mutu mie basah berdasarkan SNI 2987 : 2015.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OFBEEF MEATBALLS IN PALU CITY

The aim of the study is to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of beef meatball produced and circulated in Palu City. The study used a completely randomized design with 8 micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) where sampling was repeated three times to obtain 24 research samples. Parameters of analysis included water, ash, protein, fat, borax, formalin and total microbial content. The results show that beef meatball circulating in Palu City had water content (66.56 - 72.99%), ash content (1.28 - 1.99%), protein content (8.93– 10.76%). ), fat content (1.16 - 5.84%) and total microbes (1.92–7.97 log cfu / g) and borax content and beef meatball formalin showed negative values.

Glass foams produced by glass waste, sodium hydroxide, and borax with several pore structures using factorial designs

AbstractGlass foams have great potential for several technological applications, for example, filters and thermal or acoustic insulators. Sodium hydroxide is an efficient foaming agent to obtain glass foams with high level of porosity. However, the control of variables that influences on structure, type, and size of pores of glass foams is necessary. This study evaluates the influence of composition and process parameters on glass foams based on soda‐lime glass waste, sodium hydroxide, and borax. Experiments were conducted using factorial designs. According to the experimental conditions, bulk density varied from 0.16 to 0.79 g cm−3 and maximum porosity of 92%. Amounts of NaOH and borax in addition to sintering temperature are the main variables of the foaming process. The role of NaOH content is to reduce the density and closed porosity of glass foams associated with an increase in their open porosity. The addition of borax with low NaOH amount promoted densification and pore closure in glass foams. NaOH and borax content allows controlling the type of predominant porosity on foams (open or closed porosity). Glass foams were resistant to sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid in diluted solutions. These results allow controlling the pore structure of glass foams for different applications.

Fire Resistance and Heat Insulation Properties of Perfusion Type Fireproof Glass

To improve the fire resistance heat insulation performance of fireproof glass, the effect of fire resistance performance of fireproof glass interlayer rubber was explored by adding borax to the potassium polysilicate-based slurry. Characterization and testing were carried out by preparing a silica sol mixture, and the transmittance, S/B-0.45H and interlayer thermodynamics, fire resistance and expansion ratio were further analysed. The results showed that the addition of borax affected the transmittance of perfusion type fireproof glass. As the borax content increased, the light transmittance of the fireproof glass decreased. The effect of borax on the expansion efficiency of potassium polysilicate was obvious. In summary, Borax can improve the fire resistance of polysilicate type perfusion fireproof glass. As the borax content increases, the fire resistance of the fireproof glass increases.

Preparation of konjac glucomannan–borax hydrogels with good self-healing property and pH-responsive behavior

In this study, konjac glucomannan (KGM)–sodium tetraborate (borax) hydrogels with good self-healing property and pH-sensitivity were successfully prepared via a simple one-step method. The effects of KGM and borax contents on the morphology, rheological viscoelasticity, mechanical properties and self-healing performance of the hydrogels were systematically investigated. The results of infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope confirmed the generation of boron-oxygen bonds in the hydrogels. The rheological behavior of the hydrogels further revealed that the cross-linking density of the hydrogel system is positively correlated with borax concentration. Due to this fact, the mechanical properties are enhanced with increasing the borax content. For their self-healing performance, we observed that the recovery rate of the tensile strength is significantly faster than that of the elongation rate at break. Particularly, we found that hydrogel with 6 wt% of KGM exhibits the best self-healing performance, i.e., after 5 min of self-healing, the mechanical properties can recover by 95%. Besides, the KGM–borax hydrogels also show a good and recyclable pH-responsive behavior.

ANALISIS KANDUNGAN BORAKS PADA KERUPUK NASI YANG DIJUAL DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-Vis

The use of additional subtance for food is to increase or to maintain nutritional value and quality of storability. Our govermment prohibits the use of borax as an additives subtance for food as appointed in Permenkes No.033, 2012. Borax is a chemical compound in white colorless crystalline with a chemical formula Na2B4O7.10H2O. Rice crackers are crackers made from rice with spices and flavor enhancer. In manufacturing crackers Borax is sometimes added to get savory crackers and to make them swelling. The purpose of this study is to find out the borax content on rice crackers in traditional markets Tanggamus district by using the qualitative method. It uses the flame test, cucurmin reagen test and ammonia steam test. It also applies quantitative test by using spectophotometry UV-Vis. There are 8 samples which were taken in tradisional markets Tanggamus district. The result of determination of the maximum length waves is 543 nm. This method has been validated before being used for the samples. The resulf of the research shows a curve with linear calibration,with the regression equalition y = 0,539x + 0,009 and correlation coefficient (r) = 0,9979. The average recorvery or accuracy value is 104,71 %. The precision or the result of standartd deviation and standard deviation relative or coeffecient of variation (CV) is 0,219%. The LOD acquistion value is 0,069 µg/ml and the LOQ is 0,320 µg/ml. The validation of the test shows that all methods have been done are valid, so it can be used to test the borax assay on the samples. Based on the analysis on 8 samples of rice crackers, quanlitative obtained sample testing shows 6 detected containing borax, then the result of quantitative obtained the level of borax ranged from 46,75 µg/g until 107 µg/g.
 Keywords : borax, rice crackers, Spectrofometry UV-Vis

Borax Content in Foods Sold in a Campus and Its Trader Characteristics

Borax Content in Foods Sold in a Campus and Its Trader Characteristics

Studi Kasus Jajanan yang Mengandung Boraks dan Formalin di Taman Kurma Kota Lubuklinggau

The research objective was to find out borax and formalin content in snacks at Lubuklinggau palm trees citypark. The research was a qualitative descriptive research with snacks samples as the object of the research. The data collection was conducted through observation and documentation. The data were analyzed qualitatively through borax and formalin test content by using test kit. The color change on yellow paper test turned into red brownies indicated a positive result of borax content and the color change in the liquid into purple indicated formalin content. The result of the test content with borax and formalin test kit on 187 samples showed the negative result on borax content. The test on formalin content indicated that there were 22 samples that use formalin such as 15 sausage samples, 2 noodle samples, 4 meatball samples and 1 tofu sample. Based on the research result, it can be concluded that the tested samples contain zero borax. In contrast, some snacks contain formalin, such as sausages, noodles, meatballs and fried tofu found at some street vendors. 
 Keywords: snacks , borax, formalin

Effect of M/P and Borax on the Hydration Properties of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement Blended with Large Volume of Fly Ash

The effect of the borax content and magnesia to phosphate ratio (M/P) on the hydration properties of the magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) with large volume of fly ash was investigated, and a five-hydration-stage for MKPCs was proposed. The results show that MKPC sets rapidly with less than 8% of borax, which is unfavorable to the application of MKPC on construction. Adding more than 8% (including 8%) of borax results in a secondary hydration peak for MKPC, in which the process of hydration can be divided into five stages, namely, pre-induction period, induction period, acceleration period, deceleration period and stable period. M/P ratios could not change the multi-step reactive stages but higher M/P ratios could accelerate the hydration. Borax tends to impact the formation of Mg-containing hydrated products.

Borax and Formaldehyde Detector Using Backpropagation Based on ATMEGA2560

The use of borax and formaldehyde as the preservative and chewy maker substance in meat processed food such as meatball is increased even though the two chemicals are not allowing in the food. Meatball is one of the most popular foods in Indonesia because of its taste, easy serving and cheap. Meatball which contains borax and formaldehyde is hard to identify, but it can be seen physically using color and gas sensor. This research used Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Backpropagation by statistics method on ATMEGA2560 to process the sensor data and become the information of borax and formaldehyde content. In this case, TCS3200 color sensor is used for detecting borax and MQ and TGSgas sensor in E-Noseis used for detecting formaldehyde. The successful detection of borax and formaldehyde content was strongly influenced by the ingredients of the meatball composition. The developed tool is used for testing the sample of meatball taken from several locations in Bogor to detect borax and formaldehyde and resulted in 73% and 76.5% accuracy respectively.

Effect of borax additive on the dielectric response of polypyrrole

The main aim of this study is to produce added polypyrrole (PPy) borax composites with high dielectric properties for technological applications. For this purpose, PPy–borax composites with different borax concentrations varying from 10 to 50 wt% have been prepared. To reveal their structural and morphological attributes, the composites have been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The real and imaginary parts of complex dielectric function, the imaginary component of complex electrical modulus and ac conductivity have been investigated at room temperature as a function of frequency in the range 100 Hz–15 MHz. It has been found that addition of borax increases the dielectric constant of pure PPy. In this respect, PPy–borax composites with the highest dielectric constant at low frequency may be utilized in charge storing devices. On the other hand, the dielectric loss is also very high in low-frequency region for the composites with high borax content. Exploiting this property, the material may also be used in decoupling capacitor applications. The relaxation mechanisms of the samples have also been determined as non-Debye type. The Nyquist curves of the samples have been analysed for calculating the grain and grain boundary resistance and capacitance values. In conclusion, borax has a promising potential to be used as a cheap and effective filler for improving the dielectric properties of PPy polymer.

Comparison Analysis of Anthocyanin Substances in various Plants for Testing Media of Formalin and Borax Content in Food

Anthocyanin substances found in plants are known could be able to indicate acidic and alkaline compounds which means it can indicate the presence of additives in various materials. Food is an important factor in human life as a basic need to grow and survive. The presence of foods containing formaldehyde and borax can endanger human health, therefore there is a need an effort and ingredients to identify the presence or absence of these substances. This can be done by making test equipment that is able to indicate food containing non-food additives. This study focused on comparative analysis of anthocyanin content in some plants to be used as food testing materials containing formalin and borax using filter paper, as well as knowing the effect of solvent variations on mass extraction of anthocyanins and yields. Testing using solvents, namely ethanol with variations, the test equipment is produced through extraction of plants and solvents which are then soaked in filter paper and dried so that they are absorbed therein. The test results show that the anthocyanin substance in all plant samples is good to be used as a test tool but the ipomea batatas L is better and the variation of solvent has a significant influence on the extraction of anthocyanin and rendemen, while the test media extracted using ethanol solvent variations can detect the formaldehyde content and borax well.

Preparation of Porous Materials by Magnesium Phosphate Cement with High Permeability

High permeability and strength magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) with porosity, average pore size, and compressive strength varied from 63.2% to 74%, 138.7 μm to 284.7 μm and 2.3 MPa to 4.7 MPa, respectively, were successfully prepared by combining the physical foaming method and chemically entrained gas method at room temperature. The effects of borax content, chemical foaming agent content, zinc powder content and W/S ratio on the porosity, pore size distribution, compressive strength, and permeability of the MPC were investigated. The results indicate that the chemical foaming agent content tends to have little impact on the porosity and compressive strength, and the zinc powder content has the most significant influence on the average pore size of MPC. The air pores distribution and connectivity of MPC were mainly controlled by the borax content, W/S ratio, and chemical foaming agent content. Zinc powder played a destructive role in the pores formed by the early physical foaming and led to an increase in pore size and a large number of through pores, which increased the permeability of the materials.

PT/BORAX COMPOSITE AS A HIGH DIELECTRIC CONSTANT MATERIAL WITH LOWER DIELECTRIC LOSS

In recent years, high dielectric constant composites have been considered as the key materials for many cutting-edge applications such as supercapacitors, memory devices, electrical, mechanical, and biochemical engineering. However, the high dielectric loss at low frequencies become a crucial problem which makes the composite unsuitable for these technological applications. In this respect, this work has been devoted to prepare a new high dielectric constant composite material with low dielectric loss. From this point of view, Polythiophene /Na₂B₄O₇ (PT/Borax) composites with different borax contents varying from 10.0 wt.% to 50.0 wt.% have been prepared. The morphology and chemical structure of the composites as well as pure PT have been determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, respectively. The dielectric properties of the samples have been measured within 100Hz-16.5MHz frequency region at room temperature. The polymer composite with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss at low frequency for various technological applications has been achieved for 50.0 wt.% Borax additive. The dielectric relaxation mechanism of the samples have also been identified as non-Debye type. The electrical conductivity properties of the samples have also been discussed in terms of Jonscher’s Universal power law.