Bootstrap Analysis Research Articles

Association between occupational stress, occupational burnout, and depressive symptoms among medical staff during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China.

Studies have extensively examined the factors contributing to the onset of occupational stress, burnout, and depression. However, the relationship between these variables is limited. This study aimed to explore the association between occupational stress, burnout, and depressive symptoms and to investigate the mediating effect of burnout between occupational stress and depressive symptoms in medical staff. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical staff in Chongqing, China. The Core Occupational Stress Scale (COSS), Maslach Burnout Inventory: General Survey (MBI-GS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess the status of occupational stress, burnout, and depressive symptoms, respectively. The bootstrapping analyses using SPSS PROCESS macros version 3 were conducted to examine mediating effects. The study conducted on medical staff in Chongqing revealed that the detection rates of occupational stress, occupational burnout, and depressive symptoms were 31.8%, 23.3%, and 30.3%, respectively. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that occupational stress and burnout accounted for 19.3% (p < 0.001) and 18.8% (p < 0.001) of the variance in depressive symptoms, respectively. Mediation analysis showed that occupational stress indirectly affected depressive symptoms through the mediating effect of occupational burnout, with a mediation effect value of 0.13 (bootstrap 95% CI: 0.116-0.144) and the mediation effect accounting for 44.8% of the total effect. Our results indicated that occupational stress and burnout were predictors of depressive symptoms. Occupational stress had a significant indirect effect on depressive symptoms via burnout. These results suggest that reducing occupational stress and burnout could be effective strategies for preventing depression among medical staff.

Strengths use support and knowledge sharing: mediating roles of work engagement and knowledge self-efficacy

PurposeThis study aims to examine the influence of perceived supervisor support (PSS) for strengths use on knowledge sharing (KS) intentions, mediated through work engagement and knowledge self-efficacy, based on the job demand-resources theory and the broaden and build theory.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modeling and bootstrap analyses were performed to examine the research model using data derived from a two-wave questionnaire survey of 162 employees from five health-care organizations.FindingsThe results indicate that PSS for strengths use promoted KS intentions fully mediated through work engagement and subsequently through knowledge self-efficacy. However, there was no direct relationship between PSS for strengths use and KS intention.Originality/valueThe contribution of this research to the literature on KS is to find the effectiveness of a strengths-based approach in promoting KS intentions across boundaries and identifying mediating factors that link PSS for strengths use to KS intentions.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Tigecycline for Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

Tigecycline is considered one of the last resorts for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is widely used in critically ill patients, especially those with acute kidney injury or severe infections. However, pharmacokinetic data for tigecycline in patients receiving CRRT are limited. This was a single-center prospective clinical study with intensive sampling that included critically ill patients who received tigecycline and CRRT. A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model was developed and evaluated by goodness-of-fit plots, bootstrap analysis, visual predictive checks, and numerical predictive checks. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment and cumulative fraction of response analyses were performed to explore the potential need for dose adjustments of tigecycline in CRRT. In total, 21 patients with 167 concentrations were included. A two-compartment model adequately described the tigecycline concentration-time points, but no covariates were found to adequately explain the viability in the pharmacokinetic parameters of tigecycline. The typical values of CL, Q, V1 and V2 were 4.42 L/h, 34.8 L/h, 30.9 L and 98.7 L, respectively. For most infections, the standard regimen of 50 mg/12h was deemed appropriate, expect for skin and soft skin tissue infections and community-acquired pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which required a dosage regimen of 100 mg/12h or higher. A tigecycline PPK model describing critically ill patients undergoing CRRT was successfully developed. The optimized dosage regimens for various infections are recommended.

Mediating Effect of Motivation on the Relationship Between Lecturer Experience and Learning Environment With Caring Character Among Undergraduate Nursing Student in Indonesia.

Caring is learned through faculty role-modeling and clinical interactions, enhancing nursing students' caring character. Relationship between caring, motivation, teacher experience, and learning environment remains uncertain. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between their caring characters, motivation, lecturer experience, and learning environment among undergraduate nursing students in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and February 2023, recruiting 550 undergraduate nursing students from 10 universities in West Java province, Indonesia. The study included instruments such as students' perceptions of learning, academic motivation scale, service quality assessment of instructional laboratories, and caring character learning instrument. The Bootstrap analysis was used to analyze the mediating effect of study variable. The study involved participants aged 20-25 years. The mean scores for caring characters, lecturer experience, motivation, and learning environment were 2.18 ± 0.97, 3.46 ± 1.20, 4.32 ± 1.53, and 5.96 ± 2.08, respectively. The results showed significant direct effects of lecturer experience on caring character, mediating effects of learning environment, motivation, and chain mediating effects of learning environment and motivation. The direct effect accounted for 44.34% of the total effect, while the indirect effect was 35.21%. The study found that learning environment and motivation mediate the relationship between lecturer experience and caring characters among undergraduate nursing students in West Java, Indonesia. Emphasizing best practices and creating a student-friendly environment is crucial for fostering guidance and support.

The relationship between autonomy support from parents and exercise adherence among male Korean adolescents: the multiple mediating effects of resilience and coping style

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of parental autonomy support on adolescents’ exercise adherence and the combined mediating effects of psychological resilience and coping style. A total of 478 male adolescents were evaluated using the Parental Autonomy Support Scale (PASS), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Coping Inventory for Competitive Sport (CICS), and the Scale of Exercise Adherence (SEA). The combined mediating effects of resilience and coping style were validated through hierarchical regression and bootstrap analysis. The results showed that: (1) parental autonomy support had a significant positive effect on exercise adherence in adolescents; (2) resilience and coping style mediated the relationship between parental autonomy support and exercise adherence. Parental autonomy support can not only directly promote exercise adherence in adolescents, but also indirectly promote it through the combined mediating effects of resilience and coping style. The mediating effect model constructed in this study demonstrates the internal mechanism through which parental autonomous support can have a positive influence on exercise adherence. It provides valuable information that can be used to promote exercise adherence among male Korean adolescents.

Fluctuating arch symmetry: a comparison of two methods of assessment - applicability and efficiency.

Symmetry is balance, some correspondence in the size, form, and arrangements of parts on opposite sides of a plane, line, or point. The opposite of this concept is asymmetry, or imbalance. This retrospective study compared two methods for assessing arch symmetry with linear measurements based on triangles, to determine their applicability and efficiency. Two groups were enrolled: children (n=20) and adults (n=20), and the arch symmetry was assessed from linear measurements. Method 1: the incisor-canine (INC), canine-molar (CM), and incisor-molar (INM) distances (paired t-test and Pearson correlation). Method 2: a mathematical equation between the cusps measurements of the canines and the distobuccal of the first molars leading to result 1 (t-test for one sample and bootstrapping analysis). Dental casts were digitized and analyzed using a software program. The Bland-Altman test compared the methods (α=0.05). The Bland-Altman test revealed concordance between the methods; however, separately the results were different: In method 1, the mandibular arch did not demonstrate correlation (children, INC r=0.33; CM r=0.45; INM r=0.51; adults, CM r=0.46; INM r=0.35), however, the maxilla revealed a strong correlation in children and a strong/moderate correlation in adults. In method 2, both arches were symmetrical (p>0.05). Method 1 may be appropriate during orthodontic treatment, and method 2 may be indicated for final treatment. These methods are useful; however, only method 1 identified the side of asymmetry. The methods can contribute to future studies in syndromic and non-syndromic patients, before and after orthognathic surgeries and orthodontic treatment, comparing results.

The Influence of Chinese Expatriate Coaching Behavior on Employees well-being and Job Performance: Unveiling Flow at Work Mediating Role

Managerial coaching behavior is one of the most significant characteristics of organizational performance and learning to develop in the last 20 years. It is well acknowledged that in international company management, cultural characteristics function as imperceptible barriers. One of the most important abilities for businesses to have in order to get a competitive edge in international commerce is the ability to understand cultural differences. This study intends to explore the influence of Chinese expatriate managerial coaching behavior on local employees Flow at Work, the mediating function of employees’ well-being and Job performance under the boundary condition of expatriate supervisors’ cultural intelligence and adjustment. This study collected the data from 588 Ivorians employees’ and their expatriate Chinese managers working in the Chinese enterprise in Cote d’Ivoire. To test our hypothesis, we employ bootstrapping and regression analysis. The findings show a positive relationship between the well-being and job performance of local employees and the managerial coaching behavior of expatriates. By examining the mediating role of work-flow, this study adds to our understanding of how managerial coaching behavior under expatriate leadership affects the well-being and job performance of local employees. It also offers empirical evidence for the impact of this behavior on local employees' well-being. Future research directions and the implications of these findings for theories and practices are examined.

A study on the positive and negative effects of different supervisor monitoring in remote workplaces.

The current academic research on whether and how the different supervisor monitoring effect in remote workplace is relatively scarce. Based on the Job demand-resource (JD-R) Model, this study proposes that as a kind of work resource, interactional monitoring will enhance employees' self-efficacy, further enhance remote employees' work engagement and reduce their deviant behaviors. While as a kind of work requirement, electronic monitoring will decrease employees' self-efficacy, further reduce remote employee's work engagement and increase their deviant behaviors. This study gets the empirical date of 299 employees who experienced remote work. Amos 23.0, SPSS 23.0 software and process plug-in were used to do the hierarchical regression, bootstrap and simple slope analysis, so that to test the hypothesis. This study broadens the research situation and mechanism of different supervisor monitoring, so as to enrich the comprehensive understanding of the effect of them, and also to provide some inspiration and reference for relevant management practices.

Data Preparation and Bootstrapping Analysis for Stakeholder Participation in School Management: Impact on Academic Achievement in Ugandan Public Secondary Schools

Data preparation for stakeholder participation in school management aims to organize and structure data for analysing its impact on academic achievement in Ugandan public secondary schools. The process ensures a reliable dataset for bootstrapping analysis, thus enabling making of inferences on stakeholder participation’s effects on academic achievement. This paper presents part of the findings from a larger study conducted in public secondary schools in Uganda. Specifically, the focus is on the preliminary analysis which is necessary for conducting the bootstrapping technique as a multivariate analysis. The findings indicate 5 discrete dimensions of participation in school management that influence learners’ academic achievement in public secondary schools. Stakeholder participation in school management creates a collaborative and supportive ecosystem that positively influences the learner’s academic achievement by addressing challenges, implementing effective strategies, and creating an environment that nurtures the intellectual and social development of learners. Through collaboration, stakeholders can foster a supportive environment that positively influences learners' academic achievement. Practical and theoretical implications, study limitations, and future research considerations are presented.

Исследование температуры концевого фрезерования низколегированной стали в крупнозернистом и ультрамелкозернистом состояниях

The paper presents the results of the study of the end milling temperature of low-alloy steel depending on the cutting modes and the type of crystalline structure. The experiment was carried out on a PROMA FHV-50PD universal milling machine. The blanks were processed using a 12-12D-30C-75L-4F HRC55 carbide milling cutter. No cooling was used during processing. The obtained data were statistically analyzed to identify the dependence of the end milling temperature of low-alloy steel on the processing modes and the steel crystalline structure. When creating a mathematical model of cutting temperature, the authors carried out a bootstrap analysis to identify the significance of the parameters of the processing modes. The mathematical model was chosen using the Akaike informative criterion. It was found that mathematical models of the temperature dependence on processing modes for both types of crystalline structure include the cutting depth in the second power. At the same time, for steel in an ultrafine-grained state, both the cutting depth and the feed are statistically significant. It was not possible to detect the influence of cutting speed on temperature in the studied range of processing modes. Thus, when milling this group of materials, the force component primarily determined by the cutting depth exerts the predominant influence on the temperature regime. The level of cutting temperature when processing steel in an ultrafine-grained state is generally higher than when processing steel in a coarse-grained state, which should be associated with the increased physical and mechanical properties of steel with an ultrafine-grained crystalline structure.

Evaluating health systems' efficiency towards universal health coverage: A data envelopment analysis.

To estimate the technical efficiency of health systems toward achieving universal health coverage (UHC) in 191 countries. We applied an output-oriented data envelopment analysis approach to estimate the technical efficiency of the health systems, including the UHC index (a summary measure that captures both service coverage and financial protection) as the output variable and per capita health expenditure, doctors, nurses, and hospital bed density as input variables. We used a Tobit simple-censored regression with bootstrap analysis to observe the socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with efficiency estimates. The global UHC index improved from the 2019 estimates, ranged from 48.4 (Somalia) to 94.8 (Canada), with a mean of 76.9 (std. dev.: ±12.0). Approximately 78.5% (150 of 191) of the studied countries were inefficient (ϕ < 1.0) with respect to using health system resources toward achieving UHC. By improving health system efficiency, low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries can improve their UHC indices by 4.6%, 5.5%, 6.8%, and 4.1%, respectively, by using their current resource levels. The percentage of health expenditure spent on primary health care (PHC), governance quality, and the passage of UHC legislation significantly influenced efficiency estimates. Our findings suggests health systems inefficiency toward achieving UHC persists across countries, regardless of their income classifications and WHO regions, as well as indicating that using current level of resources, most countries could boost their progress toward UHC by improving their health system efficiency by increasing investments in PHC, improving health system governance, and where applicable, enacting/implementing UHC legislation.

Relationship between Spiritual Care Competence, Perceived Professional Benefit, and Retention Intention among Intern Nursing Students: A Correlational Study

Aims. We aimed to investigate nursing students’ spiritual care competence, perceived professional benefit, and retention intention and to analyze the relationship among these variables. Background. Nurse shortages are a global issue, and intern nursing students’ willingness to remain in the nursing profession is important. Spiritual care can reduce patients’ depression and improve their quality of life. Implementing spiritual care can help individuals have satisfying experiences. Perceived professional benefit is a positive emotional experience that is important in retention intention. However, the relationship among spiritual care competence, perceived professional benefit, and retention intention remains unclear. Methods. In this cross-sectional and correlational study, convenience sampling was used to recruit 266 intern nursing students in 10 hospitals throughout China. An online questionnaire was used to assess their sociodemographic characteristics, spiritual care competence, perceived professional benefit, and retention intention. Statistical analyses included the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and bootstrap analysis. Results. Intern nursing students’ mean scores were 103.35 ± 19.00 for spiritual care competence, 72.88 ± 10.40 for perceived professional benefit, and 19.58 ± 3.37 for retention intention. Spiritual care competence was positively correlated with perceived professional benefit (r = 0.545; p&lt;0.01) and retention intention (r = 0.149; p&lt;0.05). Perceived professional benefit was also positively correlated with retention intention (r = 0.320; p&lt;0.01). Bootstrap analysis showed that perceived professional benefit completely mediates the relationship between spiritual care competence and retention intention. Conclusions. We found that nursing interns had a moderate level of retention intention, and perceived professional benefit was the mediating variable between spiritual care competence and retention intention. Implications. Our study results suggest that nursing administrators and educators should improve nursing interns’ spiritual care competence and perceived professional benefit to enhance their willingness to remain in the nursing profession and alleviate nurse shortages.

Measuring Job Performance through Leadership with the Mediating Effect of Emotional Intelligence

The aim of this study is to measure the effect of leadership on job performance through the mediating role of emotional intelligence. Primary data were collected from 530 Pakistani private hospital employees. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. SMART PLS 4.0 software was used to draw the results from the data. Statistical techniques like, bootstrapping through process were used to explore the results and to test the hypotheses from the collected data. The results of this study revealed that leadership has a positive impact on job performance of employees in private hospitals of Pakistan. Further, bootstrapping analysis revealed that emotional intelligence mediates the positive effect of leadership on job performance in health sector. The study highlights that leadership is not only effective or applicable in western countries only, but it is also very effective in Pakistan. The most prominent limitation of this study is that the data were gathered from a single source. This may occur common method variance. Cross-sectional approach is also one of the limitations of this study. In health sector, leadership can enhance the job performance of the employees through the mediating role of emotional intelligence. Proper and meaningful training should be given to organizational leaders in hospitals with specific focus on leadership skills in improving emotional intelligence and job performance. The research studies on measuring the role of leadership on job performance through the mediating role of emotional intelligence are very limited. Little investigations are available on the leadership and its role in health sector especially in Pakistan. This study clarifies the role of leadership in enhancing job performance of the health care employees through the existence of the emotional intelligence. No study tested this model with three theories. This study makes a theoretical contribution by integrating three relevant theories; Campbell's theory of job performance, Goleman's mixed model theory, leadership theory.

Reducing violent student behavior through culturally based counseling: Mediation analysis of the fairness

This study investigates the impact of Iso Trimorogo counseling, a culture-based counseling approach rooted in Tri Dharma Mangkunegaran Philosophy, on reducing violent behavior in high school students by fostering the character trait of fairness. The research involved 120 high school students from Central Java Province, Indonesia divided into an experimental group receiving Iso Trimorogo counseling and a control group subjected to conventional counseling methods. The efficacy of the counseling was assessed using a fairness character scale and a bullying behavior scale, administered pre- and post-treatment. The study employed bootstrapping analysis with 5000 resampling iterations, maintaining an error threshold of 5% (p &lt; 0.005). The results indicated a significant direct effect of Iso Trimorogo counseling in diminishing violent behavior (F = 9.027) and an indirect effect through the mediation of fairness character development (F = 4.026), with a negative correlation between fairness character and violent behavior (R = 0.389). These findings underscore the importance of integrating character education, particularly focusing on fairness, in counseling strategies to effectively address violent behavior in schools. The study advocates for the adoption of culture-based counseling approaches like Iso Trimorogo in educational settings to enhance student behavior and character development.

Population pharmacokinetics and individualized dosing of vancomycin for critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: the role of residual diuresis.

Background: Vancomycin dosing is difficult in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Previous population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models seldom consider the effect of residual diuresis, a significant factor of elimination, and thus have poor external utility. This study aimed to build a PopPK model of vancomycin that incorporates daily urine volume to better describe the elimination of vancomycin in these patients. Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective study that included critically ill patients who received intermittent intravenous vancomycin and CRRT. The PopPK model was developed using the NONMEM program. Goodness-of-fit plots and bootstrap analysis were employed to evaluate the final model. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to explore the optimal dosage regimen with a target area under the curve of ≥400mg/Lh and 400-600mg/L h. Results: Overall, 113 observations available from 71 patients were included in the PopPK model. The pharmacokinetics could be well illustrated by a one-compartment model with first-order elimination, with the 24-h urine volume as a significant covariate of clearance. The final typical clearance was 1.05L/h, and the mean volume of distribution was 69.0L. For patients with anuria or oliguria, a maintenance dosage regimen of 750mg q12h is recommended. Conclusion: Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients receiving CRRT were well described by the developed PopPK model, which incorporates 24-h urine volume as a covariate. This study will help to better understand vancomycin elimination and benefit precision dosing in these patients.

Globalization, entrepreneurial development and unemployment: a mediation analysis in the context of South Africa

PurposeThis study clarifies the intricate nature of globalization's impact on unemployment rates in South Africa. Given the heterogeneous views on globalization's effect on economic development, this study aims to offer a nuanced perspective. Furthermore, it aims to explore the mediating role of entrepreneurial development in shaping the complex relationship between globalization and unemployment.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs four key indicators to measure entrepreneurial development, globalization and unemployment rates in South Africa. Hierarchical regression is used to evaluate the relationship between globalization and unemployment rates, and how entrepreneurial development mediates this relationship. Additionally, both the Sobel test and bootstrapping analyses were employed to verify and validate the mediating relationship.FindingsThe study demonstrates that globalization constitutes a crucial determinant of (un)employment rates in South Africa. The study shows that entrepreneurial development, specifically in the context of established business ownership, but not total early-stage entrepreneurial activity, exhibits an inverse relationship with unemployment rates. Moreover, it was observed that the positive impact of globalization on entrepreneurial development in South Africa becomes evident as SMEs advance to the established stage.Research limitations/implicationsThe study's concentration on South Africa constrains the applicability of the results to other nations.Practical implicationsBased on the findings of this study, it is essential for emerging economies, such as South Africa, to take measures to foster a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem that can aid in the growth and international competitiveness of young SMEs.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this study represents the first endeavor to analyze the potential impact of entrepreneurial development, as measured by both nascent and mature SMEs, on the correlation between globalization and unemployment.

Differential effects of sevoflurane and desflurane on frontal intraoperative electroencephalogram dynamics associated with postoperative delirium

Study objectiveIntraoperative electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns associated with postoperative delirium (POD) development have been studied, but the differences in EEG recordings between sevoflurane- and desflurane-induced anesthesia have not been clarified. We aimed to distinguish the EEG characteristics of sevoflurane and desflurane in relation to POD development. Design and patientsWe collected frontal four-channel EEG data during the maintenance of anesthesia from 148 elderly patients who received sevoflurane (n = 77) or desflurane (n = 71); 30 patients were diagnosed with delirium postoperatively. The patients were divided into four subgroups based on anesthetics and delirium status: sevoflurane delirium (n = 17), sevoflurane non-delirium (n = 60), desflurane delirium (n = 13), and desflurane non-delirium (n = 58). We compared spectral power, coherence, and pairwise phase consistency (PPC) between sevoflurane and desflurane, and between non-delirium and delirium groups for each anesthetic. Main resultsIn patients without POD, the sevoflurane non-delirium group exhibited higher EEG spectral power across 8.5–35 Hz (99.5% CI bootstrap analysis) and higher PPC from alpha to gamma bands (p < 0.005) compared to the desflurane non-delirium group. Conversely, in patients with POD, no significant EEG differences were observed between the sevoflurane and desflurane delirium groups. For the sevoflurane-induced patients, the sevoflurane delirium group had significantly lower power within 7.5–31.5 Hz (99.5% CI bootstrap analysis), reduced coherence over 8.9–23.8 Hz (99.5% CI bootstrap analysis), and lower PPC values in the alpha band (p < 0.005) compared with the sevoflurane non-delirium group. For the desflurane-induced patients, there were no significant differences in the EEG patterns between delirium and non-delirium groups. ConclusionsIn normal patients without POD, sevoflurane demonstrates a higher power spectrum and prefrontal connectivity than desflurane. Furthermore, reduced frontal alpha power, coherence, and connectivity of intraoperative EEG could be associated with an increased risk of POD. These intraoperative EEG characteristics associated with POD are more noticeable in sevoflurane-induced anesthesia than in desflurane-induced anesthesia.

BOOTSTRAPPING ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN MEDAN CITY

This study aims to analyze the influence of religiosity, religious tolerance, and communication that directly and indirectly affects Religious Moderation in Medan City. This study uses a quantitative method with bootstrapping analysis using the Smart PLS3.01 application. Respondents in this study were Muslims in Medan City aged 17-45 years who were drawn based on the Slovin formula with a significance degree of 0.10. The sample of this study amounted to 100 people determined by proportional random sampling, which was drawn evenly based on the population of Medan City per sub-district. The results of this study show that religiosity and religious tolerance directly affect religious moderation in Medan City. The communication variable as an intervening variable failed to indirectly influence religiosity and religious tolerance on religious moderation in Medan City. The recommendations are: Religious moderation needs to be a solution amid the problems of intolerance and disintegration in Medan by promoting effective communication. Values in religious moderation are still too general and abstract to be applied in various regions with different cultural conditions and styles. For that, we need a local formulation to implement how religious moderation works, Further research is needed on aspects of local culture to strengthen moderation in Medan City.

28S rRNA-Derived Fragments Represent an Independent Molecular Predictor of Short-Term Relapse in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a global health concern, being a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among males. Early detection and accurate prognosis are crucial for effective management. This study delves into the diagnostic and prognostic potential of 28S rRNA-derived fragments (rRFs) in PCa. Total RNA extracted from 89 PCa and 53 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) tissue specimens. After 3'-end polyadenylation, we performed reverse transcription to create first-strand cDNA. Using an in-house quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay, we quantified 28S rRF levels. Post-treatment biochemical relapse served as the clinical endpoint event for survival analysis, which we validated internally through bootstrap analysis. Our results revealed downregulated 28S rRF levels in PCa compared to BPH patients. Additionally, we observed a significant positive correlation between 28S rRF levels and higher Gleason scores and tumor stages. Furthermore, PCa patients with elevated 28S rRF expression had a significantly higher risk of post-treatment disease relapse independently of clinicopathological data. In conclusion, our study demonstrates, for the first time, the prognostic value of 28S rRF in prostate adenocarcinoma. Elevated 28S rRF levels independently predict short-term PCa relapse and enhance risk stratification. This establishes 28S rRF as a potential novel molecular marker for PCa prognosis.

The role of anhedonia in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), alcohol use disorder symptoms, and food addiction symptoms in a sample of emerging adults with histories of heavy drinking.

Previous research has shown that (ACEs) are associated with negative health outcomes, including depression, problematic alcohol use, and disordered patterns of overeating, including food addiction (FA). Moreover, anhedonia, or an inability to feel pleasure, has been also shown to increase risk for problematic alcohol use, as well as FA. It is possible that anhedonia may be implicated in health risk behaviors as individuals with anhedonia may seek out highly hedonic activities. The purpose of the present study was to explore the direct and indirect relationship between ACEs and alcohol use disorder (AUD) and FA symptoms via anhedonia in a diverse sample of emerging adults with histories of heavy drinking. A cross-sectional, quantitative design was used. The sample was 42.6% male, 45.5% White, and 39.9% Black, and the average age of participants was 22.64 (SD = 1.01). A confirmatory factor analysis was used to specify the model, and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The initial measurement model was overidentified and demonstrated acceptable to favorable fit. Standardized results from a bootstrap analysis of the structural regression model showed significant direct effects of ACEs on FA and AUD symptoms. Results also found a significant indirect effect of ACEs on AUD symptoms through anhedonia, though this indirect effect was not significant for FA. Anhedonia could be a key target for the prevention and treatment of problematic alcohol use. Future research should examine the role of anhedonia in the maintenance of FA in nonheavy drinking samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).