Philosophical Books Research Articles

Agazzi on Knowing the Invisible

Against certain positivistic and neopositivistic strictures still rooted in our society, Agazzi argues that knowing the invisible is possible, not just in science, but also in metaphysics, in morals, in aesthetics, and in other areas, including, in a sense, religion. The book also examines many examples of such knowledge, surveying not only the great classics of philosophy but various immortal masterpieces of art, music, and literature. It is not just a treatise in epistemology, but a book of philosophy in the most complete and traditional sense, for it discusses knowledge not only for its own sake but also as a guide to culture, morality, happiness, and to the sense of life. Thus, it also provides some important suggestions on how to face our time of crisis and an uncertain future. Despite Agazzi’s proverbial rigor and clarity, his project is so momentous and demanding that I discuss certain points which might deserve further explication and argumentation.

Islamic Educational Philosophy's View of Humans

This research aims to analyse the nature of man, the purpose of life, and the role of man in learning based on Islamic philosophical perspectives. The research explores how these concepts shape an Islamic educational approach that emphasises the development of the individual as a whole, empowerment, and fulfilment of human potential to create a moral and ethical human being who can combine knowledge with noble behaviour. The research method uses a qualitative approach with library research. Data collection techniques involved in-depth analyses of relevant literature, including academic journals, philosophy books, and scholarly writings on Islamic education and the concept of man. The data were analysed descriptively to understand and interpret the philosophical concept in the context of Islamic education. In the Islamic view, the results showed that humans are noble creatures before Allah SWT, with perfect physiques and extraordinary potential compared to other creatures. Humans consist of both body and mind, making them unique and cannot be treated like fully controlled robots. This research asserts that human development in Islamic education should include both physical and spiritual aspects balanced, including morals, ethics, spirituality and science. With their potential, human beings should be directed to achieve perfection as obedient servants of Allah and become individuals who benefit society and the environment. Understanding human nature from an Islamic perspective is an important basis for designing an effective and holistic Islamic education curriculum and approach.

Friedrich Dessauer (1881-1963): the forgotten medical physicist, politician, and philosopher.

Today, the name Friedrich Dessauer is almost forgotten; however, his scientific, social, and political works should not be. Dessauer's professional career began at ayoung age as aprofessor of physics in Frankfurt am Main. It is said that he published 400 papers and 65book chapters and pamphlets. He was atechnical inventor who established laws that dealt with theories to explain the limited understanding of the effects of radiation on cells. He advocated for methods to improve the therapeutic ratio. As adevout Catholic politician, Dessauer was an early opponent of National Socialism. This led to him being thrown into prison for political reasons in 1933. He did not leave until 1934, and then for Istanbul, largely thanks to Turkish efforts and his appointment as director of alarge new institution. While he was already awell-known physicist in Germany, he had to start from scratch in order to build amodern institute. Arecent article in the journal Radiotherapy and Oncology celebrated his important contributions to radiology from Turkey. After his contract in Istanbul expired in 1937, he left for the small University of Fribourg in Switzerland, where he was unfortunately unable to continue his scientific productivity. Dessauer wrote textbooks as well as political and philosophical books, and attempted to bridge the gap between Catholicism and science. Additionally, after the war, he began to teach again in Frankfurt. In photos of Dessauer, radiation-induced skin changes on his face and hands were clearly visible. Towards the end of his life, he received many medals and honors for his achievements in Germany, some of them posthumously.

Faith and the Question of its Certainty in the Thought of Rabbi Hasdai Crescas

This article examines the various levels of certainty in the thought of Rabbi Hasdai Crescas, as expressed in his Sermon for Passover and his major philosophical work, Or Hashem. In the first part of the article, the main discussion of R. Crescas on this subject in his Sermon for Passover is analyzed. In the second part, the findings are compared to the opinion of R. Crescas in his major philosophical work. Additionally, the article seeks to explain why this topic is more developed in the sermon than in his major philosophical book. Ultimately, it concludes that R. Crescas identifies four distinct levels of certainty: (1) irrefutable proofs and experiencing prophecy; (2) reasonable logical proofs and witnessing miracles that have no earthly explanation; (3) less likely proofs and miracles of a dubious nature; and (4) accepting the plain meaning of the text of the Torah and tradition in general. It is likely that R. Crescas did not mention this subject in the Light of the Lord due to the low degree of certainty of tradition, which he chose to keep concealed.

“Creating Sensation”: Public Background of Nikolai Fedorov’s “Works” Publication in the “Philosophical Heritage” Series (1970–1980)

The publication of “Works” by Nikolai Fedorov as part of the academic series (library) “Philosophical Heritage” in 1982 and the processes accompanying it was one of the mysterious pages in the history of domestic philosophical book publishing, as well as a landmark and resonant event of science and culture, society and state of the late Soviet period. One can single out three main stages in the history of Fedorov’s book: preliminary information campaign in scientifi c and literary publications (1970–1980); organization of publication, behind-the-scenes struggle to get the book out of print and its subsequent public promotion (1979–1981); the public response caused by the book, the reaction to its appearance of the policymakers and higher academic authorities (1982–1983). This article is the fi rst in a thematic series and examines the information campaign of 1970–1980, aimed at popularizing and updating of Fedorov’s legacy in Soviet society: its socio-political and spiritual-cultural context, periodization, meaningful ideological orientation, theoretical inspirers and participants, the main results achieved.

The Relevance of Double Effect Doctrine in The Perspective of Criminal Law Causality Doctrine: A Rebuttal to The Concept Of Conditio Sine Qua Non

This research explores and analyzes how the doctrine of causality, particularly the concept of <em>Conditio Sine Qua Non</em>, and the doctrine of double effect interact and influence the determination of responsibility in criminal law. Using the normative-dogmatic research method, this study systematically analyzes applicable legal rules without empirical data, emphasizing the qualitative application of legal and philosophical principles. The research uses a literature review as the primary data collection tool, examining legal philosophy books, academic journals, and professional publications to draw relevant conclusions. The results indicate that <em>Conditio Sine Qua Non</em>, which focuses on objective causation, needs to be revised for cases involving complex ethical considerations. In contrast, the double effect doctrine introduces an ethical dimension to causality judgments, justifying actions that produce unintended but unavoidable adverse consequences as a side effect of a good goal. The findings suggest that an integrative approach combining both doctrines may lead to a more balanced and comprehensive understanding of criminal liability. This research aims to enrich the academic discourse on causality in criminal law by introducing ethical considerations as part of causal analysis. It offers a new perspective in dealing with criminal cases involving complicated morality and consequences, challenging the existing limitations of causal interpretation. Nevertheless, this study has limitations in terms of its scope of practical application and the need for empirical verification, signaling the need for further research that can evaluate and validate these findings in actual legal practice.

Толстой американский и Толстой британский: рецепция конца XIX — начала XX вв.

L.N. Tolstoy’s works, having been introduced to the English-reading audience, immediately became an issue of active critical discussions. British and American readers got acquainted with them differently than Russian ones —publications didn’t follow the chronological order, his fictional and philosophical books appeared simultaneously; the process of cultural transfer inevitably fragmented his work, took it out of context, and the readers in Britain and the USA perceived Tolstoy’s works in accordance with his image formed at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. Besides the linguistic cultural barriers (it was necessary to work with Russian realities, facts of Russian life, make them clearer for foreign readers), translators and critics faced with other challenges — for example, they were to bring Tolstoy’s work into the circle of topics and subjects familiar to the English — reading public. Tolstoy entered the English speaking culture as a symbol of realism, which however didn’t mean hard naturalism, but rather ethical and psychological realistic writing, especially taking into account the ongoing discussion on Zola’s novels. Tolstoy’s realism was treated as a universal one, based on the well-known cultural and spiritual values and therefore especially significant in spite of the exotic subject matter of his works. The didactic nature of his work, its powerful moral appeal was obvious and strongly sought for in the period of heated argument about the social system, the problems of the industrial society, gender relations, etc., — despite the fact that some episodes were incompatible with Victorian or Puritan attitudes and tastes of his English-speaking readers.

EXPLORATION OF THE SOURCES OF HUMANISM IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION (EPISTEMOLOGICAL ANALYSIST OF UMAR BIN KHATTAB'S THOUGHT)

The research problem is the incompatibility of the vision and mission of Islamic education with the problematic state of pluralism at the time of Umar bin Khattab so that it is required to adjust education to these circumstances so that how the epistemology of the source which is the basis of humanism in Islamic Education in the perspective of Umar bin Khattab is the formulation of the problem. This research was conducted using a literature study which is classified as a type of qualitative research. Primary data refers to the book Philosophy of Islamic Education A Building of Islamic Studies and secondary data refers to a number of literature related to the theme in the form of books or research. Descriptive analysis is used to analyze a number of existing data so that the research objectives in the form of uncovering and examining the sources used by Umar bin Khattab in giving birth to the humanistic concept in education at that time can be achieved with an epistemological approach. the result of this research is that the main source of Umar bin Khattab's thinking in humanism education is the Qur'an, namely in Qs. al-Ma'idah/5: 2, Qs. al-Hujurat/49: 9 and 13, Qs. Ali Imran/3: 159 and hadith. Ali Imran/3: 159 and the relevant hadith.

Précis of Philosophy, Literature and Understanding: On Reading and Cognition

This précis gives an overview of my book Philosophy, Literature, and Understanding: On Reading and Cognition which is the subject of a book symposium in Philosophia. The overview covers the book’s four chapters that explore i) the nature of literary imagination, ii) the epistemic value of narratives, iii) the concepts of cognition, knowledge and understanding with regard to fiction, and iv) evidence for claims about the epistemic impact of literary works on their readers.

Gawai Naik Dango As A Material Of Respect To Ene' Daniang Dayak Bukit Tribe West Kalimantan

The focus of this research examines the Gawai Naik Dango as a Respect Ceremony for Ene' Daniang of the Dayak Bukit Tribe of West Kalimantan. The topic of study is related to ritual issues and ceremonies of respect for Ene' Daniang as the Highest Being of the Bukit Dayak tribe. The gawai Naik Dango ritual ceremony is seen as a very important ceremony, it underlies all other ceremonies, both private and collective. All family members gather to hold the rituals of Nyangahatn Mati, Nyangahatn Ka' Sami, Nyangahatn Ka' Padarengan, Nyangahatn Ka' Dango Padi; they also held sacrifices and offerings to the Highest Being, Ene' Daniang through the intercession of the ancestors accompanied by singing and dancing, and culminating in a festive party together at the traditional house. The researcher uses descriptive qualitative methods and critical reading of texts, namely: (1) Cultural philosophy books related to understanding the concept of the Supreme Being; (2) Articles that concentrate on studying the concept of the Naik Dango traditional ceremony. The findings in this study are that the concept of the Highest Being, Ene' Daniang in the Bukit Dayak community, is embodied in customs, customary law, language, and art. In short, it is contained in every aspect of human life. They farm, for example, not only as a fulfillment of economic needs, but also as an implementation of Ene' Daniang's will and to bring back Ene' Daniang's actions to humans. Rice is a gift from Ene' Daniang which must be replanted from generation to generation through farming. The way to plant and harvest it does not just happen, but through various ceremonies (rituals), such as Ngawah, Ngalabuhatn, Ngaladakng Buntikng Padi, Ngabati, Ngaleko, Nabo' Panyugu Nagari, and Panyugu Tahutn or Naik Dango.

Experimenting with Humans and Animals: from Aristotle to Crispr, second edition

Experimenting with Humans and Animals: from Aristotle to Crispr, second edition

Anthony A. Long. Selfhood and Rationality in Ancient Greek Philosophy: From Heraclitus to Plotinus. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.

Anthony A. Long’s recent book, Selfhood and Rationality in Ancient Greek Philosophy: From Heraclitus to Plotinus (2022), is a collection of fourteen essays that explore the themes of selfhood and rationality in ancient Greek philosophy. Long’s book provides an illuminating account of the vast ancient Greek tradition and an engaging tour that begins with pre-Socratic thought and ends with Stoicism and Neoplatonism seeking answers to the multifaceted question of the rational self, its emergence and evolution within Greek antiquity.

Fichte’s formal logic

Fichte’s Foundations of the Entire Wissenschaftslehre 1794 is one of the most fundamental books in classical German philosophy. The use of laws of thought to establish foundational principles of transcendental philosophy was groundbreaking in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century and is still crucial for many areas of theoretical philosophy and logic in general today. Nevertheless, contemporaries have already noted that Fichte’s derivation of foundational principles from the law of identity is problematic, since Fichte lacked the tools to correctly present the formal parts of Foundations. In this paper, however, we argue that Fichte’s approach intuitively offers an important contribution to transcendental philosophy, and especially to philosophy of logic. We first point out the difficulties of Fichte’s logic in the Foundations and improve it in a second part on the basis of a formal system in which both propositional logic and syllogistic are combined.

Zhu Xi: Basic Teachings by Daniel K. Gardner (review)

Reviewed by: Zhu Xi: Basic Teachings by Daniel K. Gardner Joachim Gentz Daniel K. Gardner, trans., Zhu Xi: Basic Teachings. New York: Columbia University Press, 2022. xiv+ 155 pp. US$120 (hb). 978-02-31-20633-4 Like an echo of the "Basic Writings" series with selected translations of Chinese thinkers by Burton Watson published in the 1960s as part of their "Columbia College Program of Translations from the Oriental Classics," Columbia University Press has now again published a book in the same format: Zhu Xi: Basic Teachings, translated by Daniel K. Gardner, a paperback booklet, 155 pages in length displaying, like the "Basic Writings," a Han dynasty stone rubbing on its front cover. The contents of the book appear familiar as well. In 1990, Daniel K. Gardner published a translation of chapters 7–13 of the Zhuzi yulei 朱子語類 with 79 pages of introduction, notes, commentary, glossary, bibliography, and index, a most wonderful book.1 Zhu Xi basically follows this composition. The fourteen-page introduction follows the same structure of the earlier seventy-nine-page text: providing the reader with a biography, historical background, philosophy, writings. It includes sentences and entire paragraphs that are copied verbatim from the earlier introduction and basically reads like a summary of it. The following "Notes on the Text and Translation" contains many similar points as the "Note on Text and Translation" of the earlier book, but lacks the discussion of the important issue of contradictory passages, a discussion that due to the lack of commentary in Zhu Xi would have been even more important for this shorter and terser translation. The Zhuzi yulei (Classified Conversations of Master Zhu) is again the main source of the translations in this book. It presents selected translations of the first thirteen chapters of the Zhuzi yulei because these chapters, according to Gardner, "constitute the best overview of Zhu Xi's basic and most enduring philosophical teachings" (p. xxi). The translations are organized into five chapters: 1. "Foundations of the Universe," with three sections mainly containing passages from chapters 1–3 of the Zhuzi yulei; 2. "Human Beings," with three sections mainly containing passages from chapters 4–6 of the Zhuzi yulei; 3. "Learning," with three sections mainly containing passages from chapters 7–9 of the Zhuzi yulei; 4. "A Theory of Reading," with three sections mainly containing passages from chapters 10–11 of the Zhuzi yulei with some passages from chapter 14 and other writings such as Zhu Xi ji 朱熹集; and 5. "Moral Self-Cultivation," with two sections mainly containing passages from chapters 12–13 of the Zhuzi yulei. Three of the five chapters thus contain translations from chapters that Gardner had previously translated, commented and annotated in his 1990 book. The other two chapters present translations of many passages for which we also have translations in Wing-tsit Chan's Source Book in Chinese Philosophy, [End Page 161] pp. 605–646.2 The translations provided by Gardner in this new edition are similar to both his own earlier translations of chapters 7–13 and those in Chan's 1963 translations, but while he often makes use of the same terms—Gardner sticks to "principle" as translation for li 理—and uses similar syntactical constructions found in the earlier translations, the new translations are updated, such as "psychophysical stuff" for qi 氣. As Gardner explains: "while I consulted them, I was eager to read the text with a fresh set of eyes and what Zhu called an 'open mind'" (p. xxiv). The translations are thus slightly more polished, elegant, and economic, and thus at times also more implicit and demanding for the readers who are not familiar with Zhu Xi's texts. This stands in contrast to the overall format of the book, which appears to be more addressed to a non-specialist audience. A major strength of the book and its most original and innovative element are the introductions to the five chapters. In average three pages in length, they each provide historical, systematic philosophical, biographical, and linguistic details to the five main fields of the translations and, just like the introduction, reflect Gardner's knowledge, experience, and masterly ability to convey complex concepts and contexts in...

Philosophy, writing, and liberation

AbstractIn responding to the three creative interpretive discussions in the symposium on my book Philosophy and the Art of Writing, this paper explores the different styles of philosophical discourse and their role in the practice of philosophy as a way of life that extends beyond the discursive and that combines self‐cultivation with care for others in the ethical‐aesthetic pursuit of living beauty. In advocating this aesthetic model of philosophical life over a purely therapeutic model, I suggest how the former can incorporate the latter's concerns for spiritual health and liberation. In developing my response to the symposiasts while elaborating on the themes of my book, I consider issues of ineffability, creative performance, embodiment, truth, heroism, vulnerability, possession, art, spirituality, love, and liberation.

The Moral Habitat

<i>The Moral Habitat</i>

The Nature of Desert Claims: Rethinking What It Means to Get One's Due

Many philosophical books about desert start with the same observation: desert-talk is prevalent in our everyday conversations, but desert plays second fiddle in the philosophical literature. To this regularity, Kevin Kinghorn's new book about deserts is no exception. He notes in the introduction that ‘it remains a surprise to me that not more philosophers have explored why it is that people think desert does so much normative work—as well as exploring the meaning and nature of desert’ (p. 2). Kinghorn's aim in this book is to remedy the gap between people's intuitions about desert and the philosophical literature by offering a new, general account of desert that explains the common ‘concern’ that ‘people have in mind when making desert claims’ (p. 2). Given the variety of contexts in which desert claims are made, this is an admirably ambitious project that results in one of the most significant contributions to the desert literature in recent years.

Review of the “Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Sex and Sexuality”

This paper is a review essay of the recently published Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Sex and Sexuality, edited by Brian D. Earp, Clare Chambers, and Lori Watson (2022). The anthology consists of an introduction and 40 essays, and it has eight parts: (I) What Is Sex? Is Sex Good?; (II) Sexual Orientations; (III) Sexual Autonomy and Consent; (IV) Regulating Sexual Relationships; (V) Pathologizing Sex and Sexuality; (VI) Contested Desires; (VII) Objectification and Commercialized Sex; and (VIII) Technology and the Future of Sex. The anthology contains essays mostly by philosophers and a few by non-philosophers (which can be a double-edged sword for a philosophy book). Some essays survey a topic, while others defend specific theses. I argue that the quality of the essays varies, but that all are thought-provoking. Although the essays that deal with sexual orientation and race tend to be on the weaker side, those that deal with technology, objectification, incest, pedophilia, sex work, and the regulation of relationships are on the strong side.

Wittgenstein on Mathematics By Severin Schroeder, Routledge, 2021. xiii+238 pp.

Philosophical InvestigationsEarly View BOOK REVIEW Wittgenstein and Mathematics By Severin Schroeder, Routledge, 2021. xiii+238 pp. Samuel J. Wheeler, Corresponding Author Samuel J. Wheeler [email protected] Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA Correspondence Samuel J. Wheeler, Old Dominion University, 856 W. 34 Street, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Samuel J. Wheeler, Corresponding Author Samuel J. Wheeler [email protected] Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA Correspondence Samuel J. Wheeler, Old Dominion University, 856 W. 34 Street, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 17 February 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/phin.12389Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

AndrewLugg, Wittgenstein's Remarks on ColourLondon: Anthem Press, 2021. 206 pp. £80.00. ISBN 9781785276743

Philosophical InvestigationsEarly View BOOK REVIEW Andrew Lugg. Wittgenstein's Remarks on Colour. London: Anthem Press, 2021. 206 pp. £80.00. ISBN 9781785276743 Gary Kemp, Corresponding Author Gary Kemp [email protected] University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Correspondence Gary Kemp, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Gary Kemp, Corresponding Author Gary Kemp [email protected] University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Correspondence Gary Kemp, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 06 February 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/phin.12387Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation