Text Books Research Articles

Analysis Of Biology Problems In Grade X Science Textbooks Based On Bloom's Taxonomy On Anderson's Revision And Communication Skills

Study This analyze problem biology in class X science book based on Anderson's revised Bloom's Taxonomy and skills communication students. Challenges learning the 21st century demands development think critical and communication, but majority question in book text Still focuses on Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS). Research aiming evaluate conformity question with dimensions cognitive Bloom's Taxonomy and identifying support to skills communication. Research This use approach quantitative descriptive with analyze question in book text based on LOTS and Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) categories, as well as supporting elements? communication scientific. Research result show that 66.32% of the questions in virus chapter and 72.29% of questions in chapter diversity creature life is at in LOTS category, with domination level cognitive remembering (C1) and understanding (C2). The proportion of HOTS, such as analysis (C4) and creation (C6), very low, indicating limitations in facilitate think critical. Support to skills communication is also minimal, limited to discussion simple without strengthening presentation or debate. Study This highlight the need improvement amount question HOTS based and enrichment element communication in book text For support learning holistic. Findings This give implications important for development more teaching materials balanced and relevant with demands Independent Curriculum. Books text expected can push student For think critical, creative, and communicative, supporting scientific literacy in the era of modern learning.

Exploring the Link: A Study of Secondary School English Language Teachers' Perceived and Actual Reading Skills Proficiency

Reading is the most important skills in language learning and teaching. This study aims at identifying secondary school English language teachers’ perceived and actual reading proficiency level and the correlation between these variables. The researchers employed mixed methods design and used questionnaire, proficiency test and interview to collect data from the participants. There were 112 secondary school teachers who take part in this study and among them four teachers were interviewed. The data gathered from the instruments were analyzed using SPSS version 24 for the quantitative and NVivo version 10 for the qualitative data. The results of this study revealed that secondary school English language teachers perceived proficiency level of reading skill was high. The proficiency test revealed that the levels secondary school English language teachers actual reading skills was medium. It was also found that there was a positive (r=.329) but not significant correlation between the teachers’ perceived and actual proficiency level of reading skills. The results indicated that teachers thought they had high proficiency level but their actual reading proficiency was not equivalent with their perceptions. This implies that there should be professional and skill development trainings given for the teachers. Besides, teachers should make themselves familiar with reading materials apart from the text book they are using in the classroom.

Exploring Teachers’ Lived Experiences with Regard to Alternatives to Corporal Punishment in Addressing Moral Decline in Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya

Moral formation constitutes a fundamental undertaking of every educational system. The absence of adequate moral principles among the learners invariably impedes progress for both the learner and the teacher. As a consequence, numerous strategies are consistently implemented to confront moral deficiencies in a learning environment. The purpose of this study was to explore teachers’ lived experiences in regard to alternatives to corporal punishment in mitigating moral decline among learners in secondary schools in Bungoma County, Kenya. The study objective was as to explore teachers' lived experiences with regard to alternatives to corporal punishment in addressing moral decline in secondary schools in Bungoma County, Kenya. The study was grounded on a communitarian philosophy, which examine the way shared conceptions of the good are formed, transmitted, justified, and enforced. An interpretive phenomenological design was utilised. The study employed two philosophical methods for the purpose of bringing out methodological triangulation. Hermeneutic phenomenology was utilized in order to extract the lived experiences of the teachers handling discipline in secondary schools. Philosophical analysis was aimed at facilitating Socratic dialogue and establishing logical coherence from the extracted lived experiences. The target population comprised of deputy principals and heads of guidance and counselling from secondary schools in Bungoma County. To provide a representative sample, this study utilised purposive sampling in choosing schools. A sample size of four deputy principals and four heads of guidance and counselling was chosen. The sample size was guided by the principles of hermeneutic phenomenological research which is concerned mainly with the depth and not the breadth of the information. Information utilised in this study was sourced from both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using unstructured phenomenological interviews. Secondary data was gathered from articles from peer referred journals, government policy documents and reports, thematic text books, internet sources, pioneer projects, theses and newspaper articles that allude to issues of moral concern in the Kenyan context. Primary data was analyzed through IPA and secondary through document analysis. The study established that, based on the logic of Kants metaphysics of morals, the alternatives to corporal punishment as stipulated were not sufficient to address the moral decline among secondary school learners in Kenya. The study concluded that without a philosophical foundation, the proposed alternatives to corporal punishment in secondary schools in Bungoma County, Kenya, are insufficiently effective in addressing moral decline. The study therefore recommended that alternatives to corporal punishment should be anchored on communitarianism for them to be effective enough in handling learners behavioural problems. Additionally, Socratic mode of teaching should be emphasized in order to prepare teachers for moral development among the learners.

Cutaneous disorders in captive psittacines, a retrospective study of 1454 cases at a university veterinary teaching hospital (1988-2021).

Psittacines (parrots and their allies) are kept under human care as companion animals, live exhibit specimens in zoological institutions and occasionally as research subjects. Cutaneous disorders such as feather destructive behaviour (FDB) and pododermatitis are commonly noted in clinical reviews, case reports and text book chapters. To document the type, signalment associations and prevalence of cutaneous disorders in a large number of captive psittacines in an academic referral teaching hospital population. Case population at a university veterinary teaching hospital. Retrospective study using computerised medical records of birds (psittacine and non-psittacine) examined between 1 January 1988 and 31 December 2021. Inclusion criteria were records of psittacines with dermatological diagnoses. Of 3472 psittacines, 1454 (41.9%) had cutaneous disease. Age was strongly associated with an increased risk of cutaneous diseases. The most common cutaneous disorders were pododermatitis (n = 729) and FDB (n = 528). Female sex and increased age were associated with significantly higher odds of FDB, as were the genera Cacatua (cockatoos), Psittacus (African grey parrots), Ara (macaws) and Agapornis (lovebirds). Increased age and the genus Agapornis also were associated with significantly higher odds of pododermatitis. The most common infectious disease was mite (presumed Knemidocoptes) infestation, almost exclusively seen in budgerigars; increased age was associated with significantly lower odds of having mites. Pododermatitis and FDB were the most common cutaneous disorders in psittacines. As 50% of psittacines with skin disease presented for nonskin concerns, clinicians should perform a dermatological examination regardless of the reason for presentation.

중학교 가정과 교육과정과 교과서에 수록된 사회문제 내용분석

The purpose of this study is to analyze the types and description styles of social problems included in middle school Home Economics(HE) curriculum and HE text books. In this study, content analysis standards were established for social problems in HE through a literature review and analyzed the HE curriculum and HE textbooks of middle school to find out the proportion of social problems covered in HE by types and description styles of social problems. The results of this study are as follows. First, the types of social problems covered in the HE curriculum and textbooks are problems related to quality of life(environment, population, health care) and family and generational problems(family, women, youth, elderly). Types of social problems with low emphasis are structural social problems(urban, poverty, crime). Second, the 2015 revised HE curriculum and textbooks mainly deal with crime, family, and health care problems, while problems of youth, population, environment, and women are slightly covered. Social problems of excessive consumption, dehumanization, information society and social problems of elderly, education, urban, and poverty are hardly covered. In contrast, the 2022 revised HE curriculum deals with problems of environment problems of excessive consumption, dehumanization, information society, youth, health care, crime, family, and women in order. Third, the most common style of describing social problems in the HE curriculum was solutions, followed by simple mentions, causes and results, and actual situations. Descriptive styles for conceptualization and generalization were rarely addressed.

Nursing Documents and Documentation for Patients with Heart Diseases; Could Be Made Easier

The review article on documents and documentation for heart disease patients was conceived due to the rising prevalence of heart disease among non-communicable diseases. It highlights the need for quality nursing care through effective assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Proper communication among healthcare providers, facilitated by standardized documentation, is essential for documenting patient history and care effectively. The objectives aim to expose many documents for use in the care of cardiac patients, to describe standardized documents used in the care of cardiac patients, and explore difficulties faced with accurate documentation. Information has been sourced from websites, text books, journals, and institutions of health. Results show that Standardized documents ensure that all relevant information is consistently captured, thus reducing the risk of errors and omissions. These documents include, nursing assessment sheets, intake and output charts, nursing care plans, weight monitoring sheets, discharge summaries/ reports, flow sheets, patient’s progress notes, heparin administration form, digitalis/digoxin monitoring charts. It has also been revealed that algorithm sheets for vital signs, weight monitoring sheets, and flow sheets for laboratory results are important. Nursing documentation is shown to be a critical component of patient care, particularly for patients with heart diseases. The recommendations are, that continuous professional training be focused on identifying the best practices for implementing standardized documents for documentation in various healthcare settings, with a particular focus on the care of patients with heart diseases.

Evaluating the Text Book on Integrated Skill: Reading and Writing

Evaluating the Text Book on Integrated Skill: Reading and Writing

The exploration of the study of power, ambition and corruption manifested in Shakespeare's Macbeth and Marlowe's Doctor Faustus

This paper explores the role of ambition, power and corruption that were reflected in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus during the Elizabethan period (1558-1603). During that period, society was characterized by the desire for power, unrestrained ambition, and corruption. The desire to have a lot of power was high among people, whether it was obtained through legal or illegal means. The characters Macbeth and Doctor Faustus reveal that power which is the main factor behind corruption. Through the characters Macbeth and Doctor Faustus, it is revealed that power is mainly responsible for doing corruption. The data sources for this qualitative study are collected from secondary sources like text books, journals, newspapers, and websites. This study demonstrates that ambition and power can corrupt individuals which lead to ultimate downfall. The textual references are given as evidence to support the argument of this study. The purpose of this article is to analyze the fact that if anyone commits a crime, they must be punished today or tomorrow. Finally it is found through the characters of Doctor Faustus and Macbeth that power and ambition bring corruption and corruption brings eternal downfall for human beings.

SISTEM PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL DALAM KAJIAN FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN MODERN

Education is a conscious effort by humans to shape themselves to become quality human beings. This means that education is an important element in life that humans must pursue. The fact that education is an important element means that education must receive special attention from humans themselves. The Indonesian people realize the importance of education. The National Education System is one of the realities found in Indonesia. This system firmly, clearly and systematically regulates all the dynamics of Indonesian education. The existence of the Education System needs to be realized that this system is a legal product. Furthermore, the National Education System is viewed from various perspectives, one of which is the view of modern educational philosophy. Modern educational philosophy seeks to see the extent to which the National Education System exists. The aim of this article is to examine the existence of a national education system within the framework of modern educational philosophy. The research method used is library research. The data collection technique used was to examine all the sources the author obtained in the form of book texts and research journals. The results of the discussion are a study of the National Education System as a legal product. Another result is a study of educational philosophy, the formulation of educational philosophy and the relevance of the modern educational philosophy paradigm to the National Education System. The conclusion displays the unity and logic of the writing.

Evaluation of the efficacy of surgical treatment of cataracts in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Purpose. To study of the effectiveness of cataract surgery based on the results of a comprehensive evaluation, including the patient's opinion about the state of visual functions, when assessed using a questionnaire before and after surgery.Material and methods. 117 patients (117 eyes) diagnosed with nAMD and cataract (LOCS I — 56 patients, 47.9 %; LOCS II — 57 patients, 48.7 %, LOCS III — 4 patients, 3.4 %), mean age 76.2 ± 5.7 years were included in the study. All patients received angiogenesis inhibitor therapy (aflibercept 2 mg), in Treat&Extend regimen. Cataract surgery was performed if disease activity is controlled. A questionnaire including 10 questions was developed to interview patients, 9 of which were assessed before, 1 and 6 months after cataract surgery, and a 10th question on patient satisfaction with the results of surgery — 1 and 6 months after cataract surgery.Results. There was a significant improvement in functional (increase in BCVA by 0.31 units from the baseline) and anatomical parameters (significant decrease in CRT, height of neuro- and pigment epithelium detachment), as well as in patients' assessment of vision-related quality of life. The most compromised aspect before surgery was the ability to read text in newspapers, books, and magazines. After surgery there was a significant improvement of the indicators characterizing the patient's adaptation to navigation and outside activities. There were minimal changes in central vision loss and metamorphopsia as assessed by patients (on average, by 0.02 b. and 1.21 b.). 99 patients (84.0 %) reported satisfaction with the results of the surgery. The strongest correlations (r = 0.94 and 0.81, p < 0.05) characterized the relationship between patients' evaluation of the effect of surgery and the presence of central vision spotting/loss of central vision, double vision.Conclusion. The results of surgery significantly contribute to the patient's assessment of his/her daily activities requiring clearer vision, primarily in the middle and far distances. Cataract surgery does not worsen the course of nAMD and, on the contrary, cataract surgery and continuation of antiangiogenic therapy contribute to a significant improvement in BCVA and anatomical improvement.

Teachers' Lived Experiences with the Ban on Corporal Punishment as a Strategy for Addressing Moral Decline in Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya

The eradication of corporal punishment in Kenyan schools in 2001 signaled a major shift in disciplinary techniques, with a greater emphasis on guidance and counselling as an alternative strategy. This transition spurred widespread debate among educators, legislators, and other stakeholders over the effectiveness of non-punitive techniques in preserving discipline and moral standards in schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of teachers in regard to the ban on corporal punishment in Kenyan secondary schools. The study was anchored on the following objective. Examine the lived experiences of teachers with the ban on corporal punishment as a strategy for addressing moral decline in Kenyan secondary schools. The study was grounded on African communitarian philosophy, which is anchored on collective responsibility within the community in moral development of children. Communitarianism advocates the family as the place where personal responsibility is first learned and then schools – the second line of defense. The study adopted two philosophical methods for the purpose of bringing out methodological triangulation. Hermeneutic phenomenology was used in order to extract the lived experiences of the teachers handling discipline in secondary schools. Philosophical analysis was infused into all the objectives with the aim of helping to foster Socratic dialogue and building logical coherence from the extracted lived experiences. The target population comprised deputy principals and heads of guidance and counselling from secondary schools in Bungoma County. To provide a representative sample, this study utilized purposive sampling in choosing schools. A sample size of four deputy principals and four heads of guidance and counselling was chosen. The sample size was guided by the principles of hermeneutic phenomenological research which is concerned mainly with the depth and not the breadth of the information. Information utilized in this study was sourced from both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using unstructured phenomenological interviews. Secondary data was gathered from articles from peer referred journals, government policy documents and reports, thematic text books, internet sources, pioneer projects, theses and newspaper articles that allude to issues of moral concern in the Kenyan context. Primary data was analysed through IPA and secondary through document analysis. The study concluded that, the concept of corporal punishment in the lifeworld of teachers doesn’t ascertain the teacher’s ontology since there is no smooth relationship between the etic and the emic knowledge of the teacher over the same. The study therefore recommended Socratic mode of teaching should be emphasised in order to prepare teachers for moral development among the learners. Communitarian philosophy should be emphasized so that all institutions within the society should be involved in the moral development of children.

Review of the Description of Compulsory Mobilization in American Korean history Text book

Review of the Description of Compulsory Mobilization in American Korean history Text book

STAAD Based G+2 Single-Column Residential Analysis

The principle cause of this study is to layout a whole building relaxation on a single column. The rapid increase in population and scarcity of land tends to the development of construction technology and high- rise commercial structures. The building plays a vital role in improving various activities in the late world. The Aim of present study “Analysis and design of high rise building by staad pro is to define proper technique for creating Geometry, cross sections for column and beam etc, developing specification and supports conditions, types of Loads and load combinations. In this study a 30- storey high rise structure is analyzed for seismic and wind load combination using staad pro and comparison is drawn. Currently, there are four mosques on Java Island recognized as Saka Tunggal Mosques, which employ a single wooden column as the main column, placed at the center of the prayer hall to support the roof. This unique structural system, when compared to the traditional four-column system, is remarkable even if its style is exceptional for mosques on Java Island. This study aims to provide scientific data and promote the local government's understanding about the importance of the Saka Tunggal Mosques by focusing on the one in Banyumas, which is placed at a cultural heritage site, founded in 1871. The rapid increase in population and scarcity of land tends to the development of construction technology and high-rise commercial structures. Building plays a vital role for improving the various activities. In the late world, prompt to action of peoples from one place to another is of great extent mainly for earnings. In building more facilities like financing section, computer section, administration section, design section and drawing section are provided. The aim of the project is to analyse and design of multi-storey building resting on the single column by using different code provisions. A lay out plan of the proposed building is drawn by using AUTO CADD. The structure consists of ground floor plus five floors, each floor having the one house. Staircase must be provided separately. The planning is done as per Indian standard code provisions. The building frames are analyzed using the various text books. Using this so many standard books analysis of bending moment, shear force, deflection, end moments and foundation reactions are calculated. Detailed structural drawings for critical and typical R.C.C. members are also drawn. Recent studies regarding progressive collapse resistance of buildings considered only single critical column removal scenario. However, limited investigations have been conducted so far to assess multi-column removal scenarios. Hence this study is made to compare progressive collapse resistance of a multi-story building under both single and multi-column removal scenarios. An eight-storey reinforced concrete building was analyzed by using linear static analysis procedure and DCR values of the members are calculated to investigate the potential of progressive collapse as per GSA guideline.

Impact of Fee Free Education on Teaching Resources for Students with Special Needs in Public Primary Schools in Bukoba Municipality, Tanzania

This study sought to assess impact of fee free education on teaching resources for students with Special needsin special public primary schools in Bukoba municipality, Tanzania. Pragmatic paradigm was employed. Moreover, a mixed-methods approach was used supported by a convergent parallel design. A sample of 50 respondents (3 HTs and 47 normal teachers) was drawn using purposive and simple random sampling techniques from a population of 56 respondents. Questionnaires, observation, documentary reviews and interview were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data were used as data analysis tools. The study found that, trained and specialised teachers for students with Special needs are inadequate. In regard to the state of instructional resources, findings show that, taped text books and computers with extended keyboards are available while overhead projectors and acoustic rooms were lacking. Concerning strategies adopted by the administration to encounter challenges in special schools, findings indicate that, the school administration involves various education stakeholders in strategic planning of school activities and in decision-making process, and establishes school generating projects. Based on the findings this paper recommends that, the local government authorities should maximise adequate instructional resources and specialised teachers. It is concluded that, trained and specialised teachers and instructional materials for students with Special needsare inadequate. Involvement of various education stakeholders in order to encounter challenges pertaining to these schools should be enhanced.

Sometimes momentarily, sometimes for years

The poem sometimes momentarily, sometimes for years, is part of a group of poems I have been working on, experimenting with a process of erasure and restructuring of my own texts (book chapters, essays and conference talks). In a moment when my creative writing practice was feeling uncomfortably fallow, Emma Filtness’ presentation of her erasure work Bandaged Dreams[i], at the Visceral Bodies symposium, April 2023, seemed to suggest a possible way back in. I began to experiment with erasure - though, somewhat unconventionally for erasure poetry, I am both the author of the ‘found’ text and the erasure. In putting my academic texts through this process, my aim was to give back to the themes of my research the fluidity, ambivalence and uncertainty rightfully theirs, before I tamed them into an academic structure. The original text remains valid, in its own form, but I could sense something else beneath the text, something related to why I write at all. I write because language terrifies me, because language is slippery, always too much and too little. And because, as poet Jennifer S. Cheng suggests, ‘Sometimes it is a broken narrative, a half-language, that brings us to tears.’[ii] I see this poetry project as a chance to lean into the fragmented, searching element of my writing practice, to which I am sometimes nervous to give free rein, for fear of becoming incomprehensible when what I want to talk about is already difficult to articulate. It is also a way to explore my relationship to ‘academic’ writing, as a first-generation academic. I draw on Jack Halberstam’s questioning of the kinds of knowledge and learning produced by ‘disciplinary correctness’[iii] and the potential for ‘alternative ways of knowing and being’[iv], particularly those explored through Halberstam’s conceptualisation of failure. More broadly, my poetic-prose and poetry writing practice aims to perform the often ambivalent and contradictory experience of early motherhood. This practice touches upon the embodied nature of care, the effects of motherhood on language, and writing as an act of survival. Alongside my creative life writing practice, my ongoing PhD research project looks at how, through theories of the spectral, intersectionality, queerness, feminism, disability, failure and anecdote, we might aspire to transform and re-possess language, in an attempt to express those experiences most difficult to put into words. Both my creative and critical practice specifically explore a recurring connection between my experience of motherhood and ideas of haunting, of presence and absence and repetition (daily and generational). [i] Filtness, E., 2022, Bandaged Dreams, London: Broken Sleep Books [ii] Cheng, J.S., 2022, Dear Blank Space, https://lithub.com/dear-blank-space-a-literary-narrative/ [iii] Halberstam, J., 2011, The Queer Art of Failure, Durham and London: Duke University Press, p. 6. [iv] Halberstam, J., 2011, The Queer Art of Failure, Durham and London: Duke University Press, p. 24.

AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH SECOND LANGUAGE (CASE STUDY ON NONFORMAL EDUCATION INSTITUTION)

This research aims to analyze the English language learning process at nonformal education namely Kumon Citraland Puri Serang. The objectives of this research are 1) to examine how the strategy used by Kumon citraland on teaching English. 2) to investigate what is the media used by Kumon Citraland Puri Serang to teach English. 3) to analyze the material used by Kumon Citraland Puri Serang on teaching English. 4) to analyze how to evaluate students. This study is descriptive qualitative research that used interviews, observation and documentation to collect data. Based on the research results, it shows that Kumon Citraland Puri Serang has its own learning strategy which is different from other courses, where Kumon Citraland uses a placement test to determine the starting point/basic level that will be taught according to the student's abilities. Kumon Citraland Serang also uses several learning media including audio and CD players, text books, practice sheets, the My Kumon application, and Kumon Konek. The material taught at Kumon is very diverse, starting from the lowest level, namely level 7A, to the highest level, namely level O. Each student will move up a level when they have completed the material at one level, namely 200 practice sheets. As evaluation material, Kumon Citralan Puri also provides several summary questions from each level to find out how far students understand the material that has been taught. These questions consist of listening, writing, reading comprehension and speaking skills.

The Medical Students’ Dilemma: E-Textbook or Printed Textbook? A Cross Sectional Study from Medical Colleges in Rawalpindi Pakistan

Objectives: To assess students’ perspectives of traditional learning and text books and more advanced e-learning and digital text books learning from digital and printed text. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Course of six months from Jan to Jun 2022 in two Medical Colleges of Rawalpindi Pakistan. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional study carried out over course of six months from Jan to Jun 2022 in two Medical Colleges. Participants were 300, recruited through non-probability convenience sampling technique. A questionnaire and online survey were used to obtain information about response of medical students towards e-book and printed text effecting the quality of education. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0. Results: Mean age of participants was 22±2.24 years and majority were between 21-24 years of age 212(71%) with almost equal proportions of males 140(47%) and females 160(53%) Significant association was found between gender and solid plan with traditional learning p=0.046 and more privacy of data in printed text, more reliability p=0.033.Significat association also found between age category and ease of modification of e text p=0.023, improvement in skills p=0.024 and also decrease in motivation due to technical disruption 0.034, instant feedback in e learning p=0.002. Conclusion: Mean while Medical students favored the e-learning and digital books, they didn’t over rule completely thesignificance of traditional learning and paperback books.

Trauma Program Value Assessment at an Academic Health Network System Over 12 Years.

Trauma is a leading cause of global death, with 200000 deaths and over 3 million non-fatal injuries/year in the United States. We aim to assess trauma care value for patients who underwent urgent laparotomies (LAP) and thoracotomies (THO) in our Health Network System. Clinical variables (v = 84) from trauma patients (>18 yo) were retrieved retrospectively (Jan-2010 to July-2016) and prospectively (Aug-2016 to Sept-2021) from a Health System warehouse under IRB-approved protocols. Patients were divided according to their Injury Severity Score (ISS) into mild/moderate cases (ISS <15) and severe cases (ISS >15). Value was assessed using quality and cost domains. Quality surrogates included graded postoperative complications (PCs), length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission (RA), patient satisfaction (PS), and textbook (TB) cases. Total charges (TCs) and reimbursement index (RI) were included as surrogates for cost. Value domains were displayed in scorecards comparing Observed (O) with Expected (E) (using the ACS risk calculator) outcomes. Uni-/multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS. 41,927 trauma evaluations were performed, leading to 16044 admissions, with 528 (3.2%) patients requiring urgent surgical procedures (LAP = 413 and THO = 115). Although the M:F ratio (7:3) was similar in LAP vs THO groups, age and BMI were significantly different (41.8 ± 19.1 vs 51.8 ± 19.9 years, 28.6 ± 9.9 vs 27.4 ± 7Kg/m2, respectively, P < .05). Blunt trauma was involved in 68.8/77.3% of the LAP/THO procedures, respectively (P < .05). Multivariate analyses showed ISS, age, ASA class, and medical center as factors significantly predicting PC (P < .05). Postoperative complication grades from the LAP/THO groups showed above-average outcomes; nonetheless, LOS was higher than the national averages. The Trauma Program holds high value in our Health Network System. Protocols for decreasing LOS are being implemented.

Developing mobile augmented reality in picture book for teaching English for young learners

An effective language and learning process must contain interactive, fun, challenging, motivating aspects and provide more space for students to develop their creativity and independence, according to students' talents and interests; thus, appropriate teaching media can be as assisting tools. When selecting media, you need to consider several things, namely learning objectives, effectiveness, easy to obtain, students, use, not rigid, cost, and quality. One of the developments in learning media that is currently still new is learning media using Augmented Reality. This research aims to develop Augmented Reality-based text book learning media for English language learning. Developing text-book media using an application with a barcode scanner on text-books. This application displays 4D images or animations that have sound and movement so that it will help students to understand English texts. The research method used is the research and development method (Research &amp; Development) while the product development model used is the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, &amp; evaluation. After developemnt anf evalution phase, the findings reveals that the outcome of teaching material product is deemed highly valid and appropriate for teaching English to yong learners, especially for primary school in this research context, as it was supported by the result of validation phase with media experts, subject matter experts, and student trials. Additionally, reflecting on the result of this study, the pedagogical implications of this result discussed further in this research.

Evaluation of the components in pre-conflict and post-conflict phases of peace-building

This work presents the evaluation of the components in pre-conflict and post conflict phases of peace-building. The paper identified some research problems which includes the difficulty in peace building agents in determining the right kind of intervention measures that addresses the various phases of peace-building. The study main objective is to determine the component of the various phases of peace-building measures. The methodology applied is the qualitative research design which includes the use of secondary sources such as journals and text books in data generation and qualitative analysis. Among the findings reached is that, the components of the pre-conflict phase of peace-building include peace advocacy and conflict prevention measures. Components of conflict phase include peace-keeping, peace-enforcement, and ceasefire measures, and the post-conflict phase include Demobilization, Disarmament and Rehabilitation (DDR) of ex-combatants and reconstructive recovery projects. Among the recommendation made is that, there should be increased peace advocacy, conflict prevention in the pre-conflict phase, quick use of peace-keeping, peace-enforcement, ceasefire, buffer zone, in the conflict phase, and high level of reconstructive recovery projects in the post conflict phase of any peace-building measure. Keywords: Conflict, Intervention, Peace, Components, Peace-Building, Evaluation.