Book Project Research Articles

Million Book Project — Vivid Example of International Cooperation

The article analyses the conceptual idea, stages of formation, organizational and technological features of the Million Book Project. This is the original version of the multilingual full-text electronic library, the first stage of the more extensive program of Universal Digital Library. The aim of the project was to digitize one million books by 2007 and to provide free access to them. The project is interesting, firstly, as an early productive experience in creating a compact electronic library to optimize the educational process, and secondly, as an example of broad effective international cooperation in organization of information resources. The collection was based on “Books for College Libraries”, which is a special collection of educational scientific literature (50,000 titles), electronic copies of which were provided by the non-profit, membership, computer library service OCLC (Online Computer Library Center). The author considers the Project as an original model of international division of labour in the development of library information resources, when the scanning centres in India and China took over most of the work on digitization of books, including from the United States, and the Carnegie Mellon University, in cooperation with other American Universities, provided them with the necessary equipment and staff training. The Million Book Project is based on the original full participation, along with the library of Carnegie Mellon University and libraries of other American universities, of digital collections of India, China and Egypt. One of the strengths of the project is cooperation with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aimed at combating hunger, as well as with the National Agricultural Library of the United States in digitizing specialized literature on the modernization of agricultural, forestry and fish farming practices. The article also notes the significance of the project in the field of organizational and technological solutions related to the formation of the electronic library: it served as a test base for applied research in the field of improving scanning techniques, optical character recognition and automatic translation. The important advantage of the Million Book Project is the ultimate decentralization of powers in the field of acquisition of the collection, resulted in including into the project orbit of the unique monuments of history and culture of the East. The digitization and inclusion in the electronic library of the cultural treasures for the first time makes them potentially available to the global audience.

For the Future Viewer: Salvage Ethnography and Edward Curtis's “The Oath – Apsaroke”

Since its reclamation in the 1970s, Edward S. Curtis's project to exhaustively photograph and describe American Indian cultures in the early twentieth century has invited shifting critical assessments. Complicating earlier arguments that it represents a nostalgic and inauthentic drama of a “vanishing” race, in which Indians functioned merely as props, recent scholars seek to recover his sitters’ agency or contemporary artists’ acts of reclamation. This article contributes to those efforts, but by exploring the temporal ambiguities inherent in the notion – then common among ethnographic photographers – of “preserving” a people for future viewers. It thus examines a photograph that Curtis contributed in 1913 to the Modern Historic Records Association, a short-lived organization that intended to assemble time capsules and archival vaults for historians in the distant future. Focussing on this single photograph – “The Oath – Apsaroke” (1908) – also allows us to track the way that Curtis's images could break free from his book project and resonate unpredictably across multiple domains, such as debates over the existence and meaning of Indian oaths.

Digitization and the Demand for Physical Works: Evidence from the Google Books Project

Digitization has allowed customers to access content through online channels at low cost or for free. While free digital distribution has spurred concerns about cannibalizing demand for physical alternatives, digital distribution that incorporates search technologies could also allow the discovery of new content and boost, rather than displace, physical sales. To test this idea, we study the impact of the Google Books digitization project, which digitized large collections of written works and made the full texts of these works widely searchable. Exploiting a unique natural experiment from Harvard Libraries, which worked with Google Books to digitize its catalog over a period of five years, we find that digitization can boost sales of physical book editions by 5-8 percent. Digital distribution seems to stimulate demand through discovery: the increase in sales is stronger for less popular books and spills over to a digitized author’s non-digitized works. On the supply side, digitization allows small and independent publishers to discover new content and introduce new physical editions for existing books, further increasing sales. Combined, our results point to the potential of free digital distribution to stimulate discovery and strengthen the demand for and supply of physical products.

Notes on Contributors

Previous article FreeNotes on ContributorsPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreJeffrey B. Griswold is a PhD candidate at the University of Maryland at College Park, specializing in early modern English literature. His dissertation, “The Political Animal: Early Modern Literature and Human Exceptionalism,” argues that the unique vulnerability of the human species was essential to a previously unexamined strand of Renaissance political thought. This project revisits human exceptionalism through the lessons of posthumanism, considering articulations of shared life that ground the polis in our deficiencies rather than in language or in sovereignty. His work has previously been published in Spenser Studies and the Spenser Review.Judith Haber is professor of English at Tufts University. She is the author of Desire and Dramatic Form in Early Modern England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009) and Pastoral and the Poetics of Self-Contradiction: Theocritus to Marvell (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), as well as articles and essays on Marlowe, Middleton, Shakespeare, and Webster. She is currently working on a book project tentatively titled, Adoptive Strategies: Imagining Paternity in Early Modern England, which will explore texts by Cavendish and Jonson, in addition to plays by Marlowe and Shakespeare.Cole Jeffrey recently received his PhD from the University of North Texas, where he teaches literature and composition. He is currently working on a book, The Aesthetics of Sin: Beauty and Depravity in Early Modern Literature, which explores the relationship between Reformed theology and Renaissance aesthetics. This book will demonstrate how theological debates about sin and depravity encouraged writers from Shakespeare to Milton to reject traditional aesthetic paradigms and develop new conceptions of beauty and taste that would prove instrumental in the shift from the classical philosophy of beauty to Enlightenment aesthetics.Michael Slater is assistant professor of English at the State University of New York’s College at Brockport, where he works on Renaissance drama, the intersections between literature and the history of science, and allegory. He is currently completing his first book, Forms of Proof: Tropes and the Literary-Scientific Revolution, which argues that the rise of mechanical science in early modernity had a profound impact on both language and literary forms. He has also published articles on Spenser, Donne, and Shakespeare.Thomas Ward is associate professor of English at the US Naval Academy, where he teaches Renaissance literature. His research examines how representations of singing and reciting poetry reflect broader questions and anxieties about textual circulation in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England. He has published articles on topics ranging from Irish war cries in Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene, to loss of voice in Philip Sidney’s Arcadia, to liturgical sound in George Herbert’s The Temple. His current book project discusses media and the lyric genre in the publications of the London stationer Humphrey Moseley, focusing on the works of John Milton, Abraham Cowley, and Edmund Waller. Previous article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Renaissance Drama Volume 47, Number 1Spring 2019 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/703106 © 2019 by Northwestern University. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Critical Hardware: The Circuit of Image and Data

Previous articleNext article No AccessCritical Hardware: The Circuit of Image and DataKyle StineKyle Stine Search for more articles by this author Kyle Stine is a lecturer in The Writing Seminars and the Film and Media Studies Program at Johns Hopkins University. His articles have appeared in Grey Room, Discourse, and Image and Narrative. He is currently completing two interrelated book projects on the integrated circuit and nonhuman cinema and coediting a collection on media and time called Hardwired Temporalities: Media, Infrastructures, and the Politics of Digital Time.PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Critical Inquiry Volume 45, Number 3Spring 2019 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/702614 Views: 708Total views on this site © 2019 by The University of Chicago.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Marc Steinberg and Alexander Zahlten, eds. Media Theory in Japan. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2017. 440 pp.

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe CI ReviewMarc Steinberg and Alexander Zahlten, eds. Media Theory in Japan. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2017. 440 pp.Michael RaineMichael Raine Search for more articles by this author Michael Raine is assistant professor of film studies at Western University, Canada. He is editing, with Johan Nordström, the anthology The Culture of the Sound Image in Prewar Japan; he is coeditor of the Journal of Japanese and Korean Cinema and is currently at work on a book project titled The Cinema of High Economic Growth: New Japanese Cinemas, 1955–1964. He has published widely on Japanese cinema and media, most recently in Reorienting Ozu: A Master and His Influence (2018), and the journal Film History (forthcoming).PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Critical Inquiry Volume 45, Number 3Spring 2019 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/702596 Views: 129Total views on this site © 2019 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. For permission to reuse, contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The Upright Man: Favorinus, his Statue, and the Audience that Brought it Low

This article analyzes the performative strategies employed by Favorinus in his Corinthian Oration. Previous scholarship has focused on two aspects of this speech: on the ways in which Favorinus agonistically alludes to Corinthian history, thereby challenging the city’s authority to dismantle his statue; and second, on his insistence that identity is constructed by paideia, a claim that is representative of second century Greek elite culture. I follow the general line of interpretation elaborated in these readings but draw out an aspect of Favorinus’ rhetorical strategy that has been overlooked. Inspired by recent feminist critiques of rectitude and straightness, I argue that Favorinus relies on an orientating rhetoric in order to both resurrect his statue and assert his masculinity against imputations of effeminacy.Artemis Brod is a Visiting Assistant Professor in the Classical Studies department at Indiana University, Bloomington. Currently, she is working on a book project called As Myself: Recognition and Performance in Greek Imperial Oratory in which she investigates techniques of self-presentation used by sophists to gain recognition—aesthetic and social—from their audiences. More broadly, she is interested in representations of the body and narrative form in second century CE literature. She received her PhD from Stanford University in 2016.

Illness as Metaphor in Cassils’s Trans Performance

Research Article| February 01 2019 Illness as Metaphor in Cassils’s Trans Performance Daniel C. Brouwer Daniel C. Brouwer Daniel C. Brouwer is an associate professor in the Hugh Downs School of Human Communication at Arizona State University. His research foci include social movements, publics and counterpublics, cultural performance, genders and sexualities, and HIV and AIDS. Coeditor of the book projects Counterpublics and the State (2001) and Public Modalities: Rhetoric, Culture, Media, and the Shape of Public Life (2010), his work has also appeared in Quarterly Journal of Speech, Rhetoric and Public Affairs, and Critical Studies in Media Communication. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking (2019) 6 (1): 100–105. https://doi.org/10.14321/qed.6.1.0100 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Daniel C. Brouwer; Illness as Metaphor in Cassils’s Trans Performance. QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking 1 February 2019; 6 (1): 100–105. doi: https://doi.org/10.14321/qed.6.1.0100 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveMichigan State University PressQED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. © 2019 Michigan State University2019 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Breaking Down Barriers with Wordless Picturebooks: “The Silent Books Exhibition, from the World to Lampedusa and Back”

In 2012 the Italian branch of the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY) established a library on Lampedusa Island, Italy for the use of local children but also for the many refugee children arriving there from Africa and the Middle East. The challenge was to find books to appeal to children of different ages and from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds – books that could provide some respite for children traumatised by displacement and conflict. Wordless picturebooks were identified as an ideal genre, given they can be enjoyed by children of all ages without the restriction of language barriers. The Lampedusa Library initiative led to the creation of a collection of wordless picturebooks, comprising more than a hundred titles, donated from over twenty countries. One set of this collection remains in Lampedusa while another has evolved into a travelling exhibition, the “Silent Books Project”. Since 2013 this exhibition has toured many countries with the aim of inviting readers from different cultural backgrounds both to engage with these picturebooks and reflect upon the reasons for the Silent Books Project’s existence in the first place. In this article I will first discuss the origins of the Silent Book project on Lampedusa Island and provide a brief overview of the IBBY organisation and its aims. Wordless picturebooks will then be situated within current academic research on picturebooks. Finally, a selection of titles chosen for the Silent Books project will be examined in more detail and some of the experiences involving the Silent Books Project’s visit to Ireland in spring 2017 will also be outlined. Highlighted in this article will be the silent power of pictures in such wordless narratives to aid child refugees in regaining some agency and to foster empathy in readers who have never been forced to leave their home.

Saffron Shadows and Salvaged Scripts: Literary Life in Myanmar under Censorship and in Transition by Ellen Wiles

Reviewed by: Saffron Shadows and Salvaged Scripts: Literary Life in Myanmar under Censorship and in Transition by Ellen Wiles Kenneth Wong Ellen Wiles. 2015. Saffron Shadows and Salvaged Scripts: Literary Life in Myanmar under Censorship and in Transition. New York: Columbia University Press. 288 pages. ISBN 9780231173285 The Ghosts of Censor in the Land of Saffron Robes Five years after Ellen Wiles' Saffron Shadows and Salvage Scripts, the specters in her book continue to haunt Myanmar's literary scene Arriving in Myanmar (Burma) to work for a nongovernmental organization (NGO) in 2013, Ellen Wiles, a human rights lawyer, got the rare chance to witness a shuttered literary community in its moment of rebirth. What was unfolding around her at a public performance—a poet burning a keyboard and a man recounting the brutal conditions of the government-run Coco Island prison—seemed unthinkable two or three years ago. Throughout much of the 1970s and the 1980s, Burmese artists, writers, and poets were in the chokehold of the [End Page 154] military regime's censor board, notorious for its paranoiac overreaction to anything that seemed antigovernment. Materials destined for printing and broadcasting had to be submitted in advance to the Say Pay See Zit Yay (literally translates to Press Scrutiny) authorities. As outlined by Wiles, the 1962 Printers and Publishers Registration Law defined the scope with a long list of dos and don'ts (mostly don'ts). Types of content deemed unfit for print include • anything detrimental to the Burmese socialist program; • anything detrimental to the ideology of the state; • anything detrimental to the socialist economy; • anything that might be harmful to national solidity and unity . . . (Wiles, 24) The doctrine was eleven items long, each item casting the net of ambiguity wider than the last, to catch virtually anything anyone might conceivably write, thus giving the Press Scrutiny Board (PSB) the justification to reject any material. Soon after Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party defeated the former military man Thein Sein's Union Solidarity and Development Party in the 2012 election, the country's literary community experienced a disorienting shift. Seemingly overnight, the PSB was no more. "Burmese writers marveled at the announcement in August 2012 that the most onerous publishing rules would be lifted and that prepublication scrutiny would no longer be required," recorded Wiles (Wiles, 27). Used to having every single line in their manuscripts scrutinized, accustomed to having whole manuscripts rejected for frivolous reasons, Burmese writers welcomed the new openness with a mix of hope and doubt, much in the same way a long-time political prisoner might find his sudden and unexplained release difficult to believe. In this rare moment, Wiles conceived her book project: "an ethnographic investigation of literary culture in Myanmar (Burma) under censorship, and the new directions it is taking now" (Wiles, 1). This was the genesis of Saffron Shadows and Salvage Scripts. [End Page 155] Written in Captivity Wiles gives a brief sociopolitical history of Myanmar, highlighting the swift erosion of the freedom of expression during former strongman General Ne Win's Socialist Era (socialist in name but authoritarian in character). Under the PSB's tight ironclad reign, the country's literary figures, ranging from timid to defiant, employed ingenuity to get their points across without getting arrested; to slip their words of conscience through the censorship loopholes; and, in some cases, to physically smuggle their heartfelt words out of prison at considerable risk to themselves and their collaborators. Inevitably, the exchanges between the authors striving to express their discontent and the authorities charged with silencing their dissident voices evolved into a sophisticated cat-and-mouse game. "In prison, I wasn't allowed pen and paper, but I wanted to write, so I would grind bricks on the floor and make a paste with water, and then I would use that to make chalk, and then I would write poems on the wall to memorize them," recounted the late U Win Tin (1930-2004), a former political prisoner and respected NLD elder (Wiles, 57). Along with the authors' backgrounds, Wiles has also included a robust selection of short stories, excerpts, and poems that were once banned or illegal...

Guillaume Le Blanc and Fabienne Brugère. La fin de l’hospitalité: Lampedusa, Lesbos, Calais … jusqu’où irons-nous? Paris: Flammarion, 2017. 240 pp.

Previous article No AccessThe CI ReviewGuillaume Le Blanc and Fabienne Brugère. La fin de l’hospitalité: Lampedusa, Lesbos, Calais … jusqu’où irons-nous? Paris: Flammarion, 2017. 240 pp.Corina StanCorina Stan Search for more articles by this author Corina Stan is an assistant professor of English and comparative literature in the English department at Duke University. She is the author of The Art of Distances: Ethical Thinking in Twentieth-Century Literature (2018), and of articles published in Comparative Literature Studies, MLN, Arcadia, English Studies, Contemporary Women’s Writing, The European Journal of English Studies, Empedocles, and others. She is currently at work on two book projects. The first examines the oblique history of the twentieth century intimated in historical novels and plays set during the English Civil Wars, the Restoration, and the Glorious Revolution (1630s–1688) and the ways such texts engage in a lucid reexamination of modernity. The second historicizes the anxiety of the “end of culture” in the West, particularly in connection with the long histories of migration and the refugee crisis. At Duke, she is codirector of the Representing Migration Humanities Lab.PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Critical Inquiry Volume 45, Number 2Winter 2019Davidson and His Interlocutors Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/700882 Views: 78Total views on this site © 2019 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Promoting Science Communication with Children's Literature as a High-Impact Practice (HIP) Assessment.

To emphasize the importance of public outreach and science communication within STEM, and to foster in students a greater appreciative understanding of the scientific content within their courses, the Science Library Project has students creating children’s books about key course content. At the end of this project, the student writer-publishers are able to display their critical and creative work as they collaborate with local teachers in a networked conversation about science and multimodal communication. This innovative pedagogical approach to assessment is important both inside and outside of the Sciences because it participates in High Impact Practice (HIP) pedagogy to have students invest a significant amount of time and effort over an extended period of time as they participate in frequent, timely, and constructive feedback and, most importantly, have the opportunity to discover the relevance of their learning through real-world applications in the public demonstration of their book projects. This practical paper shares our approach to creating and implementing the Science Library Project that activates written and visual communication modes to motivate Science learners to engage with course concepts in deeper and creative ways.

Normative Consensus and Contentious Practice: Challenges to Universalism in International Human Rights Courts

Normative Consensus and Contentious Practice: Challenges to Universalism in International Human Rights Courts Courtney Hillebrecht (bio) I. INTRODUCTION In 2015 the Russian Constitutional Court announced that it would review all of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) rulings against Russia for their constitutionality.1 This decision, which both the Duma and the Kremlin supported, underscored a fundamental disagreement between Russia and the ECHR about both the substance of human rights norms and the ways in which disagreements about human rights can and should be resolved. Russia has been a member of the Council of Europe since 1996 and agreed to accept the compulsory jurisdiction of the ECHR in 1998. Russian citizens regularly seek recourse at the ECHR and Russia even complies with many of the Court’s demands to pay financial reparations to victims. And yet, Russia’s prolonged tensions with the ECHR are textbook examples of the [End Page 190] persistent, unresolved disputes at the center of the promotion and adjudication of universal human rights. Russia’s relationship with the ECHR suggests that underneath the façade of the institutionalization and judicialization of human rights remain fundamental divides about which rights “count,” and if and how those divides should be bridged. Simply engineering a different court or judicial process cannot ameliorate Russia’s contentious relationship with the ECHR. Instead, as we can learn from Reza Afshari’s long history of grappling with these inconsistencies in the international human rights regime, the problem runs much deeper than institutional design; they cannot be easily resolved. In his 2007 Human Rights Quarterly article titled “On Historiography of Human Rights,” Afshari begins with an observation about a related fundamental inconsistency in the historiography of the international human rights regime. He writes: One of the main issues that the current historiography has to grapple with is the apparent disparity between the often-celebrated normative global achievements in codifying human rights values among the UN member states and the often-lamented failures to enforce them. . . . I argue that the link should not be seen as mechanical or procedural. Weaknesses so obviously apparent in the enforcement process signify the lack of vigor in the normative consensus; the vim and vigor by which the face was adorned by high-flying colors might in fact have masked a frail body.2 This pattern of inconsistency is visible across a wide range of issue areas, from women’s rights to economic justice, and in diverse political contexts, from Iran to the United States. Examining the disjuncture between “often-celebrated” international human rights judicial instruments and their “often-lamented” enforcement and cooperation failures can give scholars and practitioners alike a clear view of the tensions that Afshari describes. II. UNVEILING THE DIVISIONS IN THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS JUSTICE REGIME As Afshari reminds us, high levels of state membership and participation in international human rights and criminal tribunals sometimes mask deep divisions among their members over both the meaning of human rights and their understanding of how human rights disputes should be resolved. This is, in essence, illustrative of variations in states’ levels of commitment to [End Page 191] international human rights institutions, as well as the basic norms under-girding them. As part of an in-progress book project, I examine four extreme manifestations of these variations in states’ normative and political commitments to international human rights tribunals: 1) member states’ withdrawing, or threatening to withdraw, from the courts; 2) member states and political elites’ undermining and usurping legal cases; 3) stakeholders’ imposing financial restrictions on the tribunals; and 4) both members and non-members’ creating alternatives to the tribunals. In each of these circumstances, while contenders are calling into question the form and function of the tribunals, they are also casting doubt on the underlying norms themselves. For example, Venezuela’s withdrawal from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2012 and the Organization of American States in 2017 cannot simply be dismissed as the consequences of a state’s displeasure with the international human rights system.3 Instead, it calls into question the principles of universality, compulsory jurisdiction, and the ability of international human rights laws and norms to protect individuals’ rights when the going gets...

“Ea mai Hawai‘inuiākea”: Marking the Global Diplomatic Presence of the Nineteenth-century Hawaiian Kingdom

“Ea mai Hawai‘inuiākea”1: Marking the Global Diplomatic Presence of the Nineteenth-century Hawaiian Kingdom Ronald Williams Jr. (bio) The field of Hawaiian history has witnessed several recent explorations of the Hawaiian Kingdom’s role in international diplomatic affairs of the nineteenth century. A common theme has been the outsized reach, both in breadth and potency, of the relatively diminutive island monarchy. In September 2018, the Honolulu Museum of Art opened a major exhibition entitled, “Ho‘oulu Hawai‘i: The King Kalākaua Era,”2 dedicated to the conception that during the mid-late nineteenth century, “Cosmopolitanism—the idea that local politics share systemic parallels internationally as part of a world citizenry—was a thriving philosophy in the Hawaiian Kingdom.”3 A significant component [End Page 133] of the exhibit was the material culture surrounding Hawaiian Kingdom statecraft, including: an official uniform “decidedly of a distinct national feature;”4 decorative royal orders, both awarded and received; and exquisite jewelry presented to Queen Kapi‘olani and Princess Lili‘uokalani as diplomatic gifts when the two represented the Hawaiian Kingdom at the 1887 Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria in London. Several essays within the accompanying catalogue highlight “Hawai‘i’s place in a global society during what was, in Eurocentric terms, the modern era.”5 On 28 November 2018, the Hawai‘i State Archives [HSA] hosted an open house commemorating the 175th anniversary of the 1843 Anglo-French Declaration—an international recognition of the Hawaiian Kingdom as a sovereign and independent nation-state by Great Britain and France. A public lecture on one of Hawai‘i’s first commissioned diplomats, Timoteo Ha‘alilio (1808–1844), was followed by an exhibition displaying primary-source documents and artifacts highlighting Hawaiian Kingdom diplomatic history from 1843–1893. One case offered materials from Hawaiian Kingdom consulates—San Diego, Valparaiso, Antwerp, Pretoria, Hong Kong, and Sydney—located on six of the world’s seven continents. Also in 2018, the Hawaiian Historical Society, as part of its ongoing Public Lecture Series, hosted a research presentation by Tiffany Ing discussing her recent dissertation, “Ka Ho‘omālamalama ‘ana i nā Hō‘ailona o ka Mō‘ī Kalākaua a me kona Noho Ali‘i ‘ana: Illuminating the American, International, and Hawai‘i Representations of David Kalākaua and His Reign, 1874–1891.”6 Ing’s work examines both domestic and foreign representations of the Hawaiian Kingdom’s seventh mō‘ī [monarch] through English and Hawaiianlanguage newspapers; offering a broader evaluation and explanation of the Hawaiian leader’s activities and motivations. As in the aforementioned works, Ing examines the prolific international actions and efforts of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the resultant place afforded the Islands as a co-equal sovereign state in the great family of nations. She explains, “From the outset, then, the mō‘ī [Kalākaua] used well-established diplomatic methods to set up recipocal and symbolic relationships with other world leaders as part of his strategy to assert Hawai‘i’s independence.”7 [End Page 134] As part of a larger book project on the history of Hawaiian Kingdom diplomacy, I have recently sought to compile a complete list of Hawaiian Kingdom consulates and legations abroad from 1843–1893. Several lists have been previously published with varying numbers of cities that number from seventy to around 100—archivist Alice Tran of the Hawai‘i State Archives and I produced a list for the November 2018 open house that contained 117—but all have been decidedly partial. An examination of previously cited sources, along with the voluminous correspondence and diplomatic circular collections at the HSA, produced the list included below—revealing that during the nineteenth century, the Hawaiian Kingdom operated consulates and legations in at least 136 cities on six continents across the globe.8 Note: spellings and names of cities and countries listed reflect those used in the original primary sources. Consulates and Legations of the Hawaiian Kingdom Abroad [1843–1893] 1. Aguilas, Spain 2. Amsterdam, Netherlands 3. Antwerp, Belgium 4. Apemama, Kiribati 5. Apia, Samoa 6. Arecife de Lanzarotte, Canary Islands 7. Astoria, Oregon, USA 8. Auckland, New Zealand 9. Assumption, Paraguay 10. Bangkok, Siam 11. Barcelona, Spain 12. Batavia...

Looking Forward: Prediction and Uncertainty in Modern America by Jamie L. Pietruska

Reviewed by: Looking Forward: Prediction and Uncertainty in Modern America by Jamie L. Pietruska Joy Rohde (bio) Looking Forward: Prediction and Uncertainty in Modern America. By Jamie L. Pietruska. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017. Pp. 288. Hardcover $45. Looking Forward is a creative, original, and deeply-researched monograph. It offers a lively and compelling account of the ways that technical experts, government officials, and everyday Americans wrestled with the uncertainties associated with modern capitalist society between the 1860s and the 1920s. Historians have argued that the turn of the twentieth century was a period marked by the search for order. But Pietruska complicates that narrative. Government experts sought technoscientific knowledge that could [End Page 922] produce order. But they were hampered on two fronts. Commercial forecasters and skeptical publics challenged their claims to authority. And their own predictions fell far short of their expectations. Rather than being fulfilled, by 1920 the pursuit of certainty morphed into an uncomfortable acceptance of uncertainty as a fact of the modern condition. Instead of grasping for certainty, producers and users of foreknowledge embraced the provisional, yet scientific, status of expertise about the future. Pietruska makes her case by following expert, policy, and public debates in four well-chosen areas—crop estimates, weather forecasting, economic prediction, and fortune-telling. She traces the efforts of U.S. Department of Agriculture officials who sought to produce accurate estimates of cotton yield rooted in observational evidence and sound statistics. Despite fielding a network of trained crop surveyors, government estimators failed to produce accurate estimates. In some cases, they performed worse than commercial forecasters, amplifying the erratic nature of the trans-Atlantic cotton markets that they had hoped to tame. Not surprisingly, Americans were skeptical of government experts' claims that they could reliably predict the future. Yet, they were also adamant that such expertise be shared with them. This was especially the case when it came to the weather. Even as they derided the contents of the daily "Synopsis and Probabilities"—short-term weather forecasts thought to be particularly useful for agriculture—farmers in remote regions demanded timely access to them. They also sought long-range weather forecasts, which Weather Bureau officials initially insisted could not be produced to reasonable standards of scientific validity. But by 1906, they gave in to public demands and persistent private meteorological research. Here, Pietruska argues, government officials replaced their desire for scientific certainty with an acceptance that foreknowledge could be scientific, yet still uncertain. Despite—or perhaps because of—its failure to produce certainty, prediction gained the patina of science. Pietruska traces legal debates over fortune-telling to demonstrate Americans' embrace of the culture and science of prediction. Tracking court cases and newspaper accounts, she shows that fortune-tellers successfully claimed the mantle of science to protect themselves against criminal and civil charges. If palmistry and character reading were scientific, then their practitioners were not violating laws proscribing people from pretending to tell the future. Looking Forward is thoughtfully embedded in a variety of literatures, including the history of science and technology, the history of capitalism, and policy history. Pietruska places technoscientific experts and government elites alongside farmers and palm-readers to great effect. Her account demonstrates that non-experts—and especially rural Americans—were at the center of the era's new culture of scientific prediction. They challenged meteorologists, economists, statisticians, and other technical experts to [End Page 923] revise their own perceptions of scientific certainty. But the book's lessons are not limited to historians of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Looking Forward also shows that narratives that root the origins of expertise about the future in the Cold War are flawed. While pervasive anxieties about nuclear destruction and the growth of computation nurtured new forms of expertise after World War II, Americans generations before them cultivated a science and culture of prediction that has shaped modern life. Joy Rohde Joy Rohde is associate professor of public policy and history at the University of Michigan and the author of Armed with Expertise: The Militarization of American Social Research during the Cold War (Cornell University Press, 2013). Her current book project examines the history of algorithmic and big data...

Documentary across Disciplines ed. by Erika Balsom and Hila Peleg

Reviewed by: Documentary across Disciplines ed. by Erika Balsom and Hila Peleg S. Topiary Landberg (bio) Documentary across Disciplines edited by Erika Balsom and Hila Peleg. Haus der Kulturen der Welt (HKW) and MIT Press. 2016. $24.95 paperback. 328 pages. Documentary across Disciplines offers a provocative, well-curated cross-disciplinary collection of writings that redefine the idea of the documentary beyond its usual confines in film studies. This inspiring work—edited by the London-based film scholar Erika Balsom and the Berlin-based Hila Peleg, a curator, filmmaker, and artistic director of the Berlin Documentary Forum—provides a reading experience that fulfills its promise to expand the concept of documentary beyond filmmaking. It includes topics related to the representation of actuality, evidence, and indexicality for a twenty-firstcentury context. Works explore how postcolonial subjectivity and new understandings of agency relate to a wide range of forms of documentary art, moving image, and new media. This broad frame makes the collection relevant for students and scholars of contemporary visual studies, new media studies, and social science audiovisual ethnography, as well as scholars and practitioners within film studies. In their introduction, the editors explain that Documentary across Disciplines emerged out of a desire to redefine documentary practice in the context of what is often referred to as "the documentary turn" in the realm of contemporary visual art.1 Referencing the proliferation of documentary media projects in the international art world, the book does not so much grapple with examples from contemporary visual art as concern itself with expanding the concept of documentary practices in general. The wide variety of objects of study in the anthology does not directly reflect the implied context of the contemporary visual art world. Rather, as the editors note, the collected essays offer "a corrective to historical myopia and diffuse[d] the claims of novelty that sometimes accompany documentary in an art context, while also illuminating the [End Page 198] specificity of the present."2 Yet despite this implied context for visual art practitioners, the book offers illuminating and field-expanding approaches for documentary film studies and beyond. Novel documentary practices considered include photography as an ethnographic tool for anthropological research, archived audio interviews divorced from their original historical context, nonvisual media such as biometric and atmospheric data from surveillance technologies, new types of recording technologies that represent nonhuman and environmental subjects, and police videos used as evidence in criminal court cases. The form the book takes is also notable. The chapters in Documentary across Disciplines both stand alone as individual pieces and interrelate, sometimes referring to or even reframing works mentioned in a previous chapter, revealing ways that the authors are literally or figuratively in conversation with each other. This dialogic quality makes sense because this book project emerged out of the biannual Berlin Documentary Forum sponsored by the Haus der Kulturen der Welt. But rather than being a compilation of forum proceedings, Documentary across Disciplines is a creative and thought-provoking reflection on—or even, a kind of—creative treatment of the actualities of the three forums from 2010, 2012, and 2014. The book also provides a range of stylistic approaches to critical analysis, from more traditional essays to transcribed conversations, memoir, and even poetry. In this way, the collection presents itself as a consideration of nonfiction across disciplines in both form and content—presenting a view of documentary not as a category or genre but as a critical method, an attitude, a way of engaging and creating that attests to multiple and mutable actualities. Of particular interest is the way the book activates the technique of montage. This is most literally addressed in the chapter "Montage against All Odds," in which Berlin- and Graz-based art historian and curator Antonia Majaca and Israeli filmmaker and curator Eyal Sivan discuss the practice of constructing meaning from the juxtaposition of disparate and seemingly disconnected elements in both filmmaking and curating. In this provocative conversation, the two contextualize Sivan's four-part program of screenings and encounters called Documentary Moments from the 2010 Berlin Documentary Forum in relation to his follow-up 2012 program titled Montage Interdit. They explain that the programs used fragments from a variety...

The Italian national digital newspaper library

The National Central Library of Rome, for the wealth of the periodic collections it conserved, since 1908 has been invested with the role of establishing and conserving the National Collection of periodical publications (Emeroteca). This task, arising from the specific attentions to the periodicals by director Domenico Gnoli and enhanced by his successor Giuliano Bonazzi, which also corresponded to the creation of a rich hall of newspapers and magazines, exposed to public consultation, went with the years fading. The participation of the Library, as coordinator, in the Google Books project that allowed the digitization of all Italian periodicals not subject to copyright restrictions, and the launch of a massive digitization campaign of the microfilms of the owned newspapers allow to rethink the original project and to create a digital national library for periodicals and newspapers to be constantly enriched with the participation of other institutions interested in the project.

A Research on the Scope of Mustafa Ahmad al-Zarqā's Book Project named al-Fiqh al-Islāmī fī Thawbih al-Jadīd

Bu makalede, Mustafa Ahmed ez-Zerkā’nın “el-Fıkhu’l-İslâmî fi sevbihi’l-cedîd” adlı kitap projesinin kapsamı konusunda yeni bir kanaat ortaya konulması ve müellifin bu proje kapsamında yayımlamış olduğu ilk iki eserin yeni baskılarında yapılan değişikliklere dikkat çekilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla evvela müellifin kitaplarının ön sözlerindeki açıklamalardan hareket edilerek oradan elde edilen bilgilerin eserlerin muhtevası ile karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde yorumlanmasıyla projenin amaçları ile sonuçları arasındaki ilişki sorgulanmıştır. Daha sonra, müellifin “el-Medhal ilâ nazariyyeti’l-iltizâmi’l-‘âmme” adlı eserine yeni baskıda eklemiş olduğu “Nusûsu mevâddi’n-nazariyyeti’l-âmmeti li’l-iltizâmât fi’l-fıkhi’l-İslâmî” adlı kanun tasarısının bu projeyle ilişkisinin belirlenmesine çalışılmıştır. Vardığımız kanaate göre bu tasarı, müellifin yaptığı nihai değişiklikte başlangıçtaki plandan farklı bir biçimde ortaya çıkmış olsa da, daha önce projenin dördüncü cildi için planlanmış olan asıl çalışmanın yerine ikame edilmiş bir metindir. Zerka’nın İslam fıkhını yeni bir üslupla sunma çabasının somut neticelerinden bir olan bu metin, hem onun bu çabasının doğru anlaşılabilmesi hem de İslam fıkıh tarihinin son döneminin en önemli gelişmelerinden biri olan İslam fıkhına dayalı kanun yapma faaliyetinin daha ileri bir noktaya taşınabilmesi bakımından farkında olunması gereken bir özelliğe sahiptir.

O editor como curador: as estéticas da interrupção e da raridade nas coleções literárias contemporâneas

O artigo visa discutir histórico e conceitualmente os projetos editoriais brasileiros de coleções literárias. Após um traçado histórico, analisaremos os principais modelos de distribuição adotados pelos projetos de livros vendidos em volumes. Na sequência, a partir dos conceitos de estética da interrupção, dispositivos editorais e raridade, pensaremos nas coleções brasileiras contemporâneas, com ênfase na “Amores Expressos” (Cia. das Letras). Percebe-se que as coleções contemporâneas tendem a ser multiautorais e com temáticas que constituem uma originalidade a partir da escrita encomendada. Se as coleções são formas de comercialização e de construção de discursos, sugerimos que algumas obras, enquanto volumes de uma coletânea, devam ser analisadas levando em consideração o posicionamento de campo e o diálogo temático que desenvolvem entre si. *** The editor as a curator: the interruption and rarity aesthetics in contemporary collections ***We aims to discuss historically and conceptually the editorial projects of Brazilian literary collections. After a historic outline, we intend to analyze the main distribution models adopted by the book projects sold in volumes. Next, based on concepts of interruption aesthetics, editorial devices and rarity, we aim to analyze contemporary Brazilian collections, namely “Amores Expressos” (Cia. das Letras). Contemporary collections tend to be multi-author and have themes that constitute originality from the ordered manuscript. If collections are a way of commercialization and discourse construction, we suggest that some work should be analyzed taking into account the field positioning and the thematic dialogue that they develop amongst themselves.Keywords: Editorial projects; Literary collections; Amores Expressos.

Moving toward Narrative Competence and Inclusive Healthcare through the Open Book Project

ABSTRACTThis essay offers a layered account of the origins and enactment of a narrative medicine program at the Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine titled the Open Book Project (OBP). Narrative medicine positions clinical judgment as involving both scientific and narrative reasoning, a set of practices particularly well-suited to fostering inclusive health care and social justice. The OBP involved first-year medical students who met bi-monthly to witness, reflect on, and write about literary passages, visual images, music and lyrics, and other works of art. Sessions also provided opportunities for participants to attentively listen and respond to others, opening themselves to diverse ways of knowing and being. The authors move between academic literature, participants’ compositions developed during the project, and students’ testimonies to illustrate the dividends and difficulties of narrative medicine.