The use of bone wax is controversial for sternal hemostasis because it increases the risk of wound infection and inhibits bone healing. We developed new waxy bone hemostatic agents made from biodegradable polymers containing peptides, and evaluated them using rabbit models. We designed two types of waxy bone hemostatic agents: peptide wax and non-peptide wax, which used poly(ε-caprolactone)-based biodegradable polymers with or without an osteogenesis-enhancing peptide, respectively. Rabbits were randomly divided into four groups based on treatment with bone wax, non-peptide wax, peptide wax, or no treatment. In a tibial defect model, the bleeding amount was measured and bone healing was evaluated by micro computed tomography over 16 weeks. Bone healing in a median sternotomy model was assessed for 2 weeks using X-ray, micro computed tomography, histological examination, and flexural strength testing. The textures of peptide and non-peptide wax (n = 12 each) were similar to that of bone wax, and achieved a comparable degree of hemostasis. The crevice area of the sternal fracture line in the bone wax group was significantly larger than that in other groups (n = 10 each). The peptide wax group demonstrated the strongest sternal flexural strength (n = 10), with complete tibial healing at 16 weeks. No groups exhibited wound infection, including osteomyelitis. Waxy biodegradable hemostatic agents showed satisfactory results in hemostasis and bone healing in rabbit models, and may be an effective alternative to bone wax.