Preservation Of Bone Tissue Research Articles

The Relationship between Muscle Aging, Bone Tissue and Sports Activities

Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between muscle aging, bone tissue and sports activities in 2024. Methodology: Based on the nature of the data, this research is qualitative research, in terms of the purpose of applied research, and in terms of data collection tools, it is descriptive research. Due to the fact that the current research was conducted using the descriptive method of analysis and is based on library and documentary studies, therefore, the authentic document scanning tool was used to collect the information required for the literature section of the research. To answer the research question, the phenomenological method has been used. The phenomenological method can be used for research on any aspect of natural or social reality about which people have gained an understanding. The statistical population of the current research also includes men and women 50 years and older in Mashhad. The participants of this research are 30 people, 15 men and 15 women who were selected. In this research, the researcher has used purposeful sampling. Results: The findings of this research show that the effects of heavy sports training on aging of muscle and bone tissue are combined. 8 weeks of resistance training in middle-aged women with metabolic syndrome, which is associated with low-level chronic inflammation, increases the systematic baseline amount of bone loss compared to the control group, and this indicates that heavy resistance training reduces the amount of bone loss. which has a positive effect on bone tissue. Aerobic resistance exercises for 8 months in a group of middle-aged women 30 to 68 years old had no effect on the amount of systematic rest bone loss. There are also other cytokines that affect bone tissue in different models of bone tissue. Alendronate-calcitriol has a negative relationship with the base bone of the back and a positive relationship with the concentration of parathyroid hormone. Conclusion: Myostatin, which is considered a myokine and prevents muscle weakening, has a direct effect on bone resorption in a muscle model of rheumatoid arthritis, and inhibition of myostatin leads to preservation of bone tissue.

A randomized retrospective clinical study on the choice between endodontic surgery and immediate implantation

Abstract Background Periapical endodontic surgery (PES) for root amputation and tooth replacement by immediate implant placement are two possible treatment options for bone lesions in the root apex of a tooth that has previously undergone endodontic treatment. Treatment methods are performed when the effectiveness of orthograde canal revision is questionable or when such treatment cannot be performed. The effectiveness of these methods varies from study to study. Objective clinical evaluation of the efficacy of periapical endodontic surgery for root amputation and immediate implant placement with simultaneous tooth extraction in the proximate and long-term treatment. Materials and methods The study included 183 patients between the ages of 24 and 63. Patients were divided into 2 groups; group I - endodontic surgery was performed to resect the apex of the tooth root (108 patients) and group II - an operation to install an implant with simultaneous tooth extraction (75 patients). In group I, in 36 cases, PES was performed in the area of the first molars and premolars, and 72 cases in the area of incisors and canines. In group II, 75 patients received 231 implants. Results In all 108 patients of group I in the postoperative period and within 1 month, the wounds healed without complications. In none of the 36 operated premolars and molars, there was no definitive elimination of the radiographic bone loss (Rude grade 2 and 3) after 12 months. In the area of incisors and canines, complete healing was observed only in 37.5% of cases (I class according to Rud). In group II, out of 184 implants installed immediately after tooth extraction, one was removed one month after implantation. In other cases, all implants were successfully integrated with the subsequent fabrication of prosthetic construction. Conclusion The complex “implant (installed in the socket of the tooth immediately after its removal) - bone - soft tissues - prosthetic construction” is stable over time in terms of functional and aesthetic parameters, preservation of bone tissue, and mucous membrane.

Краниологические материалы, хранящиеся в фондах Калмыцкого научного центра РАН (первичный анализ)

Goals. The article attempts a general review of craniological materials contained in the Anthropological and Archaeozoological Collection of Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS). Results. The paper describes procedures employed for scientific registry of materials, outlines a structure of the original table titled ‘Craniological Materials’. The counting system defines the term ‘anthropological item’. There are additional insights into proportions of registered skulls and bones, postcranial remains, complete and fragmented skulls of adults and children. Special attention is paid to degrees of preservation of bone tissue and its applicability for genetic investigations. Further interest to anthropological, genetic and other studies may be excited by a number of cranial specificities, such as artificial deformations, pathologies, and varying discrete features to be identified across the available collection. A description of each item (skull) contains archaeologically determined data as to the mound group and archaeological culture the burial belongs to. The conducted work is to precede the creation of a database of anthropological materials for the latter’s inclusion in state registers.

Craniophenetic Features of Cis-Kuban Population of the Early Iron Age (Preliminary Data)

This study was based on the material of two anthropological series originating from the territory of the kurgan cemetery sites at Volna 1 and the Starokorsunskaya settlement 2. Volna 1 is located 10 km from the village of Taman, and according to archaeologists, it could have been a previously unknown Greek Apoykia. To this date, the excavations of the monument have been fully completed, which gives us the opportunity to speak with confidence that 6th–2nd centuries BC is the period it dates back to. The second kurgan cemetery we examined belongs to Starokorsunskaya settlement No. 2 located 6 km from the village. The settlement and the adjacent necropolis have been studied by the Krasnodar archaeological expedition for almost 35 years, as a result we have an extensive anthropological collection, and a part of it became the subject of our study. The monument dates back to the period of 6th century BC – 3rd century AD and is considered to be a reference one of the largest Meotian settlements in the Kuban region. Both sites are characterized by poor preservation of bone tissue and strong skeletons fragmentation. In spite of that, we used the craniophenetic program and studied 81 skulls obtained during excavations of Volna 1 and 60 skulls from the Starokorsunskaya settlement. As a result of pairwise intragroup comparison using the chi-square of the two population groups of Volna 1 6th–4th centuries BC and 4th–2nd centuries BC we cannot speak of a statistically significant difference. When comparing the two sample population groups from Volna 1 and the Meots from the Starokorsunskaya settlement No. 2, a high similarity of the inhabitants of the Black Sea territories with the Meotes from the Kuban region was noted. Probably, this allows us to assume predominance of Meotian groups in Volna 1 population.

Bone tissue preservation in seawater environment: a preliminary comparative analysis of bones with different post-mortem histories through anthropological and radiological perspectives

Bone taphonomy is a widely investigated topic; however, few data are available concerning marine bone taphonomy, especially on remains recovered from great depths and with short post-mortem intervals. To date, few studies have evaluated the bony changes which occur in seawater compared to samples with different post-mortem histories, and none through a comparative analysis of different approaches. To this purpose, this pilot study aims to examine the influence of seawater on bone preservation compared to other depositional contexts by multiple perspectives. Forty-nine human bone samples (femurs or tibiae) recovered from different environments (sea water, fresh water, outdoor, burial in coffin) were compared by macroscopic, microscopic and bone densitometric approaches. In order to investigate organic and inorganic components, undecalcified and decalcified histology of thin sections was performed. The analyses revealed a well-preserved bone tissue both macroscopically (92%) and microscopically (97% and 95% for undecalcified and decalcified sections). No significant differences were detected from radiological densitometric investigations (BMD = 1.6 g/cm2 ± 0.1), except between old and young individuals (p value < 0.001). Differences were observed for body decomposition and few scavenged samples (3/15). However, even if slight variations were observed, no relation was recorded with the depositional contexts. We found a similar bone preservation in the four environments at the time of recovery, both macroscopically and microscopically, but also with radiological densitometric investigations. Our observations enriched the literature on bone taphonomy, providing data on bone tissue preservation in the early post-mortem period from a multidisciplinary perspective, paving the way for further studies on the topic.

A Humanized Bone Niche Model Reveals Bone Tissue Preservation Upon Targeting Mitochondrial Complex I in Pseudo-Orthotopic Osteosarcoma.

A cogent issue in cancer research is how to account for the effects of tumor microenvironment (TME) on the response to therapy, warranting the need to adopt adequate in vitro and in vivo models. This is particularly relevant in the development of strategies targeting cancer metabolism, as they will inevitably have systemic effects. For example, inhibition of mitochondrial complex I (CI), despite showing promising results as an anticancer approach, triggers TME-mediated survival mechanisms in subcutaneous osteosarcoma xenografts, a response that may vary according to whether the tumors are induced via subcutaneous injection or by intrabone orthotopic transplantation. Thus, with the aim to characterize the TME of CI-deficient tumors in a model that more faithfully represents osteosarcoma development, we set up a humanized bone niche ectopic graft. A prominent involvement of TME was revealed in CI-deficient tumors, characterized by the abundance of cancer associated fibroblasts, tumor associated macrophages and preservation of osteocytes and osteoblasts in the mineralized bone matrix. The pseudo-orthotopic approach allowed investigation of osteosarcoma progression in a bone-like microenvironment setting, without being invasive as the intrabone cell transplantation. Additionally, establishing osteosarcomas in a humanized bone niche model identified a peculiar association between targeting CI and bone tissue preservation.

Comparative analysis of stress in a new proposal of dental implants

The purpose of this study was to compare, through photoelastic analysis, the stress distribution around conventional and modified external hexagon (EH) and morse taper (MT) dental implant connections. Four photoelastic models were prepared (n=1): Model 1 – conventional EH cylindrical implant (Ø 4.0mm×11mm - Neodent®), Model 2 – modified EH cylindrical implant, Model 3 – conventional MT Conical implant (Ø 4.3mm×10mm - Neodent®) and Model 4 – modified MT conical implant. 100 and 150N axial and oblique loads (30° tilt) were applied in the devices coupled to the implants. A plane transmission polariscope was used in the analysis of fringes and each position of interest was recorded by a digital camera. The Tardy method was used to quantify the fringe order (n), that calculates the maximum shear stress (τ) value in each selected point. The results showed lower stress concentration in the modified cylindrical implant (EH) compared to the conventional model, with application of 150N axial and 100N oblique loads. Lower stress was observed for the modified conical (MT) implant with the application of 100 and 150N oblique loads, which was not observed for the conventional implant model. The comparative analysis of the models showed that the new design proposal generates good stress distribution, especially in the cervical third, suggesting the preservation of bone tissue in the bone crest region.

Elevated serum osteoprotegerin levels in women: friend or foe?

osteoprotegerin has emerged as a new candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, high levels of osteoprotegerin have been linked to vascular calcification, an independent and well-defined risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Thus, the action of osteoprotegerin in these situations has been questioned. to evaluate the effect of osteoprotegerin (OPG) on the human body, especially in bone tissue and in vascular diseases. the scientific databases consulted were PubMed-Medline and Cochrane, using keywords (MeSH terms) grouped into the following syntaxes: (Osteoprotegerin OR Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitory Factor OR Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 11b OR Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 11b OR FDCR-1 Protein OR FDCR 1 Protein OR OCIF Protein OR Follicular Dendritic Cell-Derived Receptor-1) AND (Bones AND Bone OR Bones AND Bone Tissue OR Bones OR Bone Tissue OR Cardiovascular Diseases). Osteoprotegerin is present in various organs and binds to two ligands: nuclear factor kB (RANKL) related to the differentiation of osteoclasts, and tumor necrosis factor related to the apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). OPG inhibits the regulation effects of nuclear factor kB on inflammation and on the skeletal and vascular systems, preventing the apoptosis induced by TRAIL, being related to the preservation of bone tissue. a deeper knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the association between OPG serum levels, bone integrity and cardiovascular disease can provide important data for future therapeutic interventions.

Bone Diagenesis and its Implication for Disease Diagnosis: The Relevance of Bone Microstructure Analysis for the Study of Past Human Remains

When bone is exposed to the burial environment it may experience structural changes induced by multiple agents. The study of postmortem alterations is important to differentiate decomposition phenomena from normal physiological processes or pathological lesions, as well as to assess bone tissue quality. Microscopy is of great utility to evaluate the integrity of bone microstructure and it provides significant data on long-term bone decomposition. A total of 18 human bone sections (eight archeological and ten retrieved from an identified skeletal collection) were selected for analysis under plane light and polarized light. The aim of this exploratory study was to analyze the impact of diagenesis and taphonomy on the bone microstructure, as well as on the differential diagnosis of pathological conditions. The results showed that the microscopy approach to bone tissues contributed materially as an aid in the detailed description of the main diagenetic changes observed. It showed that gross inspection does not provide a realistic assessment of bone tissue preservation, which can impact in the characterization of lesions present and subsequent disease diagnosis. Therefore, researchers should continue to consider the application of histological techniques if the aim is to comprehend tissue integrity and its association with decomposition or disease.

Methodological strategies to assess the degree of bone preservation for ancient DNA studies

Background: Archaeological bones contain only small amounts of DNA due to post-mortem DNA degradation and the changes endogenous DNA is subjected to during diagenesis. An important step before undertaking such time-consuming and costly analyses as ancient DNA investigation is to predict the presence of DNA in ancient samples. To date, the leading screening method has been amino acid racemization; however, other analytical techniques can also be used to assess the degree of bone preservation.Aim: The aim of the present study was to relate the presence of DNA with bone preservation in order to select samples potentially suitable for ancient DNA analysis.Subjects and methods: Bones collected from several archaeological sites, different locations (cave, rockshelter or sub divo) and diachronic periods were selected for analytical and spectroscopic analysis in order to correlate bone tissue preservation with the presence of DNA. Different techniques were combined to assess the degree of preservation of organic and inorganic components.Results: As determined by different analytical methods, preservation of the inorganic component was best associated with the presence of DNA.Conclusion: Evaluation of the bone preservation state may be an efficient step to predict the presence of DNA in ancient samples prior to aDNA analysis.

Improvement and long‐term stability of neuromuscular adaptation in implant‐supported overdentures

In edentulous patients, implant-supported overdentures can improve chewing efficiency and patient satisfaction, and even a positive impact on bone tissue preservation has been observed. The objective of this long-term study was to investigate whether kinesiographic and electromyographic (EMG) parameters would also benefit from implant placement and whether the status achieved would remain consistent over time. The functional adaptability of the neuromuscular system in edentulous patients has been recorded in four different states of restoration: (1) insufficient old dentures, (2) new complete dentures, (3) implant-supported overdentures, and (4) implant-supported overdentures 10 years in use. In each state of restoration, the neuromuscular adaptation was assessed during masticatory activity on the basis of myodynamic parameters such as vertical opening, frontal extension and closing velocity. EMG parameters, i.e. Musculus masseter and Musculus temporalis activities were recorded simultaneously. The results revealed a general increase in the myodynamic and EMG-parameters. All of them clearly approached the values for normal dentate subjects and maintained this level over a period of 10 years. The significant changes between states 2 and 3 indicate that implant stabilization of dentures is accompanied by an immediate increase of the neuromuscular parameters. In elderly edentulous patients, the treatment with two interforaminal implants provides evidence of neuromuscular adaptation towards values of healthy dentate. Thus, the known benefits of implant placement such as tissue perseverance and improved function are complemented by improved neuromuscular adaptation.

Preservation of Bone Tissue of Human Remains from Jomon Sites

Preservation of Bone Tissue of Human Remains from Jomon Sites

A pedicle bone flap for periapical surgery

The most significant advantage of the pedicle bone flap technique is the preservation of bone tissue that ordinarily would be lost if the customary routine were followed. Retention of this facial bone stimulates repair of the surgical defect and protects the blood clot that fills the surgical void. By acting as a pressure dressing, the pedicle bone flap aids in control of blood clot enlargement to prevent hematoma formation. It also helps to minimize or prevent postoperative hemorrhage.

Comparative evaluation of bone homografts conserved by different methods

Experiments on rabbits with homotransplantation into the bony bed of lamellar bone tissue preserved by various methods showed the fastest replacement in frozen bone tissue and bone tissue preserved in saline solutions of 0.85–10% concentration. Lyophilized transplants were displaced slower. With an increase in saline solution concentration the replacement of transplants became slower, but even at a maximum concentration their quality was not inferior to that of lyophilized transplants. An increase in the time of bone tissue preservation in balanced physiological saline solution did not influence the process of replacement in transplantation substantially. Boiled and macerated transplants remained unchanged for a long time and had features characteristic of both bone tissue and foreign bodies.