The principal nutrient artery to the femur demonstrates an increase in endothelium‐dependent, nitric oxide mediated vasodilation in rats after endurance exercise training. The present study sought to determine whether exercise training alters hindlimb bone blood flow distribution at rest and during exercise. Sprague‐Dawley rats were exercise trained (ET, 6–8 mo. old, n=10) with treadmill (TM) exercise at 15 m/min, 15° incline for 60 min/d over a 10–12 wk period. Sedentary (SED, n=10) control animals were acclimated to TM exercise for 5 min/d during the week preceding their blood flow measurements using the microsphere method. During exercise, ET rats demonstrated increases in blood flow to the femoral diaphysis (rest: 27 ± 8, TM: 56 ± 10 ml/min/100 g, p<0.05), femoral diaphyseal marrow (rest: 92 ± 13, TM: 154 ± 29 ml/min/100 g, p<0.05), distal tibial metaphysis (rest: 43 ± 13, TM: 108 ± 22 ml/min/100 g, p<0.05), and tibial diaphysis (rest: 37 ± 14, TM: 68 ± 12 ml/min/100 g, p<0.05). The tibial diaphyseal marrow was the only hindlimb bone region to elevate flow during exercise (rest: 92 ± 7, TM: 202 ± 21 ml/min/100 g, p<0.05) in SED animals. The more generalized elevations in bone perfusion during exercise in ET rats may serve to augment medullary fluid pressures and bone interstitial fluid flow, thus benefiting bone integrity. Supported by NASA NNX09AP06G and NIH AG‐31317.