Markers Of Bone Metabolism Research Articles

Factors affecting bone mineral density in children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) are at a high risk of entering adulthood with disease-related morbidities like reduced bone mass and osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of JSLE and to analyze the factors associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in these patients. Children and adolescents diagnosed with JSLE at a single institution in Korea were included. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data as well as details about the use of glucocorticoids (GCs) and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were collected. The lumbar spine (LS) BMD z-score was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and lateral thoracolumbar spine radiographs were collected. A total of 29 patients with JSLE were included in this study. Of these patients, 7 had a BMD z-score of -2.0 or lower and were designated as the low BMD group. The differences in the clinical parameters and treatment variables between the low BMD and non-low BMD groups were compared. Higher cumulative GC dose, longer GC exposure, and higher cumulative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dose were all associated with low BMD; among them, the main factor was the duration of GC exposure. There was no significant correlation between BMD and clinical profile, disease activity, or bone-metabolism markers. The duration of GC exposure, cumulative GC dose, and cumulative HCQ dose were risk factors for low BMD in patients with JSLE, with the main factor being the duration of GC exposure. Thus, patients with JSLE should be routinely monitored for low BMD and potential fracture risks, and GC-sparing treatment regimens should be considered.

Retracted: Curative Effect of Prebiotics/Probiotics Preparations Combined with Zoledronic Acid + Calcitriol Regimen on Patients with Primary Osteoporosis and Their Influences on Bone Metabolism Markers.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/3293362.].

Circulating Hsa-miR499a-5p as markers in dysmobility syndrome patients: a new index for diagnosing dysmobility syndrome based on osteoporosis and predicting fracture risk.

Dysmobility syndrome based on osteoporosis (ODS) is a disease characterized by low bone mass and low muscle mass. Its features are high fracture and high fall risk. Falls and fractures are the most important factors affecting the quality of life and lifespan of ODS. However, there is no serum marker for the evaluation of ODS patients.Our previous studies have shown that the expression of circulating miRNA is stable and is a good marker for disease diagnosis. Therefore, this study aims to explore potential serum markers of ODS. A total of 78 subjects were included in this study. The data including appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, bone mineral density, bone metabolism markers, and other relevant information were collected for analysis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect 19 miRNAs associated with muscle mass reduction. The correlation of quantitative data was analyzed by Pearson. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the performance of miRNA as a biomarker. In this study, we found that the muscle mass and strength of patients with ODS are significantly reduced and are negatively correlated with the risk of fracture. The hsa-miR-499a-5p is specifically downregulated in ODS, and is positively correlated with muscle mass and strength, and negatively correlated with the risk of fracture. Compared with muscle mass and strength, hsa-miR-499a-5p has better sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic marker. hsa-miR-499a-5p is a potential serum biomarker for assessing muscle function and predicting fall or fracture risk in the ODS population.

Hepatocyte growth factor is protective in early stage but bone-destructive in late stage of experimental periodontitis.

Clinical studies found high levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression in patients with periodontitis. Studies suggest that HGF plays an important role in periodontitis, is involved in inflammation, and modulates alveolar bone integrity in periodontitis. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of HGF in the progression of experimental periodontitis. We used silk thread ligation to induce periodontitis in HGF-overexpressing transgenic (HGF-Tg) and wild-type C57BL/6J mice. The effects of HGF overexpression on alveolar bone destruction were assessed by microcomputed tomography imaging at baseline and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. We analyzed the cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and lymphocytes in periodontitis tissues by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. The effects of HGF on alveolar bone destruction were further tested by quantifying the systemic bone metabolism markers CTXI and PINP and by RNA sequencing for the signaling pathways involved in bone destruction. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to further elucidate the involved signaling pathways. We found that experimental periodontitis increased HGF production in periodontitis tissues; however, the effects of HGF overexpression were inconsistent with disease progression. In the early stage of periodontitis, periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone destruction were significantly lower in HGF-Tg mice than in wild-type mice. In the late stage, HGF-Tg mice showed higher inflammatory responses and progressively aggravated bone destruction with continued stimulation of inflammation. We identified the IL-17/RANKL/TRAF6 pathway as a signaling pathway involved in the HGF effects on the progression of periodontitis. HGF plays divergent effects in the progression of experimental periodontitis and accelerates osteoclastic activity and bone destruction in the late stage of inflammation.

Assessing bone formation on hydrophilic and hydrophobic implant surfaces in a murine model treated with bisphosphonates.

To evaluate the osseointegration of implants with hydrophobic (HFB) and hydrophilic (HFL) surfaces in a murine model of high-dose bisphosphonates (BPs). Sixty-four rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control group with HFB implants (CG-HFB), control group with HFL implants (CG-HFL), BP group with HFB implants (BP-HFB), and BP group with HFL implants (BP-HFL). Animals were euthanized after 15 and 45 days (n=8). The dependent variables assessed were the removal torque (biomechanical analysis), the bone volume around the implants (%BV/TV) (microtomographic analysis), the bone-implant contact (%BIC), the bone between the threads (%BBT) (histomorphometric analysis), and the expression of bone metabolism markers (immunohistochemistry analysis). The CG-HFL and BP-HFL groups presented higher removal torque than the CG-HFB and BP-HFB implants. The %BIC of the CG-HFL surfaces was slightly higher than that of the CG-HFB implants. The BP-HFB and BP-HFL groups presented a higher %BIC than that of the CG-HFB and CG-HFL groups (p<0.001). BP therapy also increased the %BBT at both implant surfaces. Higher levels of ALP were observed in the matrix region of bone tissue on the HFL surfaces than on the HFB surfaces. Both surfaces enable osseointegration in rats under BP therapy. The study demonstrates that hydrophobic (HFB) and hydrophilic (HFL) implant surfaces can promote osseointegration in rats undergoing bisphosphonate therapy. The HFL surfaces exhibited improved biomechanical performance, higher bone-implant contact, and increased bone volume, suggesting their potential clinical relevance for implant success in individuals on bisphosphonate treatment.

P-12 Postpartum vertebral compressive fractures in a young female with osteoporosis - A case report

Abstract Introduction Osteoporosis is а metabolic disorder characterized by low bone mass and deep changes in bone architecture that lead to an increased vertebral or hip fracture in elderly. Osteoporosis in young population is a very rare condition especially when is associated with compressive fractures. Pregnancy and postpartum-related osteoporosis is condition that occurs in the last trimester of pregnancy оr in the first months of lactation. It is self-limited condition that return to normal after 12-18 months. In rare cases leаds to spinal compressive fractures. Clinical Case We present a 33-year-old female with back pain that occurs after birth during the early lactation period. In consultation with an orthopedic surgeon, an X-ray was made on the thoracolumbar spinal column with a finding of vertebral compressive fractures. A DEXA scan (double energy-X rays of absorptiometry) is also made with the finding of vertebral osteoporosis and hip osteopenia. We calculate BMI and perform blood tests for vitamin D3, calcium, hormones and markers for bone metabolism. This was our patient's first birth, she was thin with height 157 cm, weight 42 kg and calculated BMI-17. Blood test showed very low concentration of vitamin D3- 16 ng/ml (20-44) with normal level of calcium- 1,20 mmol/l (1,10-1,40) and PTH-31,01 pg./ml (15-65). Thyroid, gonadal and adrenal axis was with normal function. We told the patient to stop the lactation and to take a supplementation of vitamin D3 2000 IE, Calcium 1000 mg and bisphosphonates (alendronate). After two years of treatment, we made a control DEXA scan. Our patient now has vertebral osteopenia, normal serum concentration of vitamin D (44 ng/ml) and her weight is 48 kg. She feels good, has no pain and no new fractures. Conclusion Pregnancy and lactation increase need for calcium and this condition is complemented by increased intestinal absorption of calcium and increased bone resorption of the mother's skeleton. Risk factors for low bone density are deficit of 1-25 OH vitamin D3, malnutrition, low body mass index, treatment with low dose of enoxaparin (LMWH), physical inactivity. Our patient has an increased risk of low bone density (she has a low body mass index, low serum concentration of 1–25 OH vitamin D3 and this was her first pregnancy). Normal serum level 1–25 OH vitamin D concentration is required to establish calcium metabolism and prevent low bone density, osteopenia or osteoporosis. Antiresorptive therapy with bisphosphonates lead to rapid improvement in bone density, prevent new fractures and relieves pain. Treatment of postpartum osteoporosis is debatable because this condition is reversible, so when we decide to treat or not to treat, we must consider present of fractures, pain and plan for future pregnancy.

Hormonal contraceptive use is associated with altered bone structural and metabolic responses to military training in women: An observational cohort study

Military training increases tibial density and size. Female sex hormones may influence the adaption of bone to loading, but it is unknown if women using different hormonal contraceptives adapt similarly to military training. One hundred and sixteen women (57 women not using hormonal contraceptives [non-users], 38 combined oral contraceptive pill [COCP] users, 21 depot medroxyprogesterone acetate [DMPA] users) completed this study. Tibial volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and geometry were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (4 %, 14 %, 38 %, and 66 % sites) at the start (week 1) and end (week 14) of British Army basic training. Circulating markers of bone and calcium metabolism were measured at weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 14. Training increased trabecular vBMD at the 4 % site, periosteal perimeter at the 14 % and 66 % sites, and total area, cortical area, cortical thickness, and bone strength at all sites (0.1 to 1.6 %, p ≤ 0.009), with no differences between hormonal contraceptive groups (p ≥ 0.127). Trabecular vBMD increased at the 14 % site in non-users (0.8 %, p = 0.005), but not in COCP or DMPA users (p ≥ 0.205). Periosteal perimeter increased at the 38 % site in COCP (0.4 %, p < 0.001) and DMPA (0.5 %, p < 0.001) users, but not in non-users (p = 0.058). Training had no effect on periosteal perimeter at the 4 % site or cortical vBMD or endosteal perimeter at any site (p ≥ 0.168). βCTX decreased and PINP increased during training with no difference between hormonal contraceptive groups. Training increased iPTH in non-users, but not COCP or DMPA users. Hormonal contraceptives may exert site-specific effects on the mechanobiology of bone, with higher endogenous oestradiol promoting trabecularisation and inhibiting periosteal expansion in non-users compared with hormonal contraceptive users.

Effect of high in comparison to low dairy intake intervention on markers of bone and cartilage remodeling and phosphate metabolism in healthy adults with overweight.

In the ageing population, issues with bone and joint health are highly prevalent. Both beneficial and potential risks of dairy products on bone and joint health are reported in epidemiological studies. Furthermore, the phosphorus (P) load from dairy could potentially lead to unfavorable changes in P metabolism. To investigate the effect of dairy intake on markers of bone and joint metabolism and P metabolism in an intervention study with high and low dairy intake. In a post hoc analysis of a randomized cross-over trial with overweight adults, the effect of a standardized high dairy intake [HDI (5-6 dairy portions per day) versus low dairy intake (LDI, ≤ 1 dairy portion/day)] for 6weeks on markers of bone and joint health was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Markers indicative for cartilage breakdown, including urinary CTX-II, serum COMP and 4-hydroxyproline, and markers indicative for bone remodeling, such as serum CTX-I, PTH, 25(OH)D, osteocalcin, P1NP and FGF23, were investigated using linear mixed models. Furthermore, changes in P metabolism, including the main phosphate-regulating hormone FGF23 were explored. This study was completed by 46 adults (57% female, age 59 ± 4 years, BMI 28 ± 2kg/m2). Following HDI, markers such as urinary CTX-II excretion, COMP, 25(OH)D, PTH and CTX-I were significantly lower after HDI, as compared to LDI. For example, CTX-II excretion was 1688ng/24h at HDI, while it was 2050ng/24h at LDI (p < 0.001). Concurrently, P intake was higher at HDI than at LDI (2090 vs 1313mg/day, p < 0.001). While plasma P levels did not differ (1.03 vs 1.04mmol/L in LDI, p = 0.36), urinary P excretion was higher at HDI than at LDI (31 vs 28mmol/L, p = 0.04). FGF23 levels tended to be higher at HDI than at LDI (76.3 vs. 72.9 RU/mL, p = 0.07). HDI, as compared to LDI, reduced markers that are indicative for joint and bone resorption and bone turnover. No changes in P metabolism were observed. This trial was registered at https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR4899 as NTR4899.

Correlation between the non-use of cooking oil fume extractors and bone mineral density in population aged 45 years and older in China: a cross-sectional study.

The correlation between the non-use of cooking oil fumes (COFs) extractors and bone mineral density (BMD) have not been clarified. Consequently, this study attempted to explore the impact of non-use COFs extractors on BMD in population aged 45 years and older based on a cross-sectional study. This study was a cross-sectional study within the framework of an ongoing prospective population-based cohort study in China. The multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the correlation between the non-use of fume extractors in family cooking and total lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), total hip BMD and levels of bone metabolism markers. A total of 3433 participants were included in the final analyses, of which 2607 (75.93%) participants used fume extractors. The results of models indicated that there were significant correlations of the non-use of fume extractors on total LS BMD (β = -0.024, 95% CI, -0.036, -0.012, p < 0.001), PINP (β = 4.363, 95% CI, 2.371, 6.356, p < 0.001) and ALP (β = 4.555, 95% CI, 2.593, 6.517, p < 0.001) levels. This study verified that the use of fume extractors is an efficacious measure to prevent LS bone loss. For the sake of public bone health, people should install a fume extractor in the kitchen and use it routinely when cooking.

Association of bone turnover markers with glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introduction and Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) subjects are at increased risk of fracture due to poor bone quality contributing to diabetic skeletal fragility. This study provides an understanding of the relationship between bone turnover markers (BTM) and glucose metabolism in Type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: One hundred types 2 diabetics and one hundred controls participated in this case control study. Serum FBS, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), CTx (C- terminal cross linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen), HOMA-IR and HOMA-B was measured. Association between BTM and FBS, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B was studied. Comparison was done by Student’s t test. The correlation was established using Pearson's correlation test. P value less than 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Results: Mean levels of FBS, ALP and HOMA-IR were higher and mean levels of osteocalcin, CTx and HOMA-B were decreased in diabetics when compared to controls. Osteocalcin levels showed significant negative correlation with FBS, ALP, HOMA-B and HOMA-IR. CTx levels were negatively correlated with ALP and FBS. Conclusion: Early identification of decrease in bone mass in diabetic patients may be helpful in preventing bone loss and future fracture risks. Monitoring for diabetes associated with osteopenia is essential. The biochemical markers of bone metabolism can detect even small changes in the bone turnover, thus identifying diabetics who may become osteoporosis-prone.

Factors associated with low bone mineral density in Turner syndrome: a multicenter prospective observational study.

Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with a high risk of fracture due to low bone mineral density (BMD). While hypogonadism is known to play a role in decreasing BMD, other factors have not been studied well. Focusing on diet, exercise, and bone metabolism markers, the present, multicentric, prospective, observational study aimed to identify factors contributing to decreased BMD in TS. In total, 48 patients with TS aged between 5 and 49 years comprising a pre-pubertal group (n = 9), a cyclical menstruation group (n = 6), and a hormone replacement therapy (HRT) group (n = 33) were enrolled. The cyclical menstruation group and the HRT group were referred to collectively as the post-pubertal group. The bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) Z-score was higher in the pre-pubertal group than in the post-pubertal group (-0.3 SD vs. -1.8 SD; p = 0.014). Within the post-pubertal group, the median BMAD Z-score was -0.2 SD in the cyclical menstruation group and -2.3 SD in the HRT group (p = 0.016). Spearman's rank correlation revealed no correlation between the BMAD Z-score and bone metabolism markers. No significant relationship was observed between the BMAD Z-score and either the vitamin D sufficiency rate or the step sufficiency rate. A negative correlation was found between BMAD Z-score and serum sclerostin in the pre-pubertal group and serum FSH in the post-pubertal group. In conclusion, the present study found no relationship between the vertebral BMAD Z-score and diet or exercise habits in TS, indicating that estrogen deficiency is the chief reason for low BMD in TS.

Effects of tibolone combined with zoledronic acid on bone density, bone metabolism, and pain in postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis.

To explore the efficacy and safety of tibolone combined with zoledronic acid in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). We conducted a retrospective analysis of 121 PMO patients from March 2019 to July 2021. Patients were divided into two groups based on treatment regimen: an observation group (n=62) receiving zoledronic acid combined with tibolone and a control group (n=59) receiving tibolone monotherapy. We evaluated and compared therapeutic efficacy, bone mineral density, bone metabolism markers (osteocalcin, serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and bone alkaline phosphatase), pain, knee joint function, incidence of fragility fractures, and adverse reactions. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate risk factors affecting treatment efficacy. The observation group showed a significantly higher therapeutic effect (96.77%) compared to the control group (83.05%), and a lower incidence of fragility fractures (P=0.012). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in bone mineral density, bone metabolism markers, pain status, or knee function between the two groups (all P>0.05). However, after treatment, evaluations showed marked improvements in these parameters in both groups, with more significant enhancements observed in the observation group (all P<0.001). The incidence of adverse reactions did not significantly differ between the groups (20.97% vs 13.56%, P=0.282). Logistic regression analysis identified the use of tibolone combined with zoledronic acid as a protective factor for effective treatment. Tibolone combined with zoledronic acid significantly increases bone mineral density, improves bone metabolism, and reduces pain in PMO patients, with a safety profile comparable to that of monotherapy. This regimen should be considered for clinical use in treating PMO.

Association between serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and bone mineral density in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Secondary osteoporosis is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and there is conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and bone mineral density (BMD) in different populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum IGF-1 levels and BMD in patients with T2DM. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on a cohort of 363 patients with T2DM, comprising men aged over 50 and women who are postmenopausal. Those with no significant medical history or medication affecting BMD or IGF-1 were considered. Data analyzed included IGF-1 levels, markers of bone metabolism, and measurements of BMD. To account for age and gender variations, we calculated IGF-1 standard deviation scores (IGF-1 SDS) for further investigation. A significant increase in BMD at lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) was observed as IGF-1 SDS tertiles rose. We revealed a nonlinear correlation between IGF-1 SDS and BMD at these sites, with a common inflection point identified at an IGF-1 SDS level of -1.68. Additionally, our multivariate piecewise linear regression analysis highlighted a positive association between IGF-1 SDS and BMD at LS, FN, and TH when IGF-1 SDS exceeded the inflection point (β 0.02, 95% CI 0.01, 0.04 for LS; β 0.02, 95% CI 0.01, 0.03 for FN; β 0.02, 95% CI 0.01, 0.03 for TH). Conversely, below the inflection point, this association was not significant (β -0.04, 95% CI -0.10, 0.01 for LS; β -0.04, 95% CI -0.08, 0.01 for FN; β -0.03, 95% CI -0.08, 0.01 for TH). These findings reveal a nonlinear relationship between IGF-1 SDS and BMD in T2DM patients. Higher serum IGF-1 levels were connected to increased bone density only after surpassing a certain threshold.

Clinical effectiveness of calcitriol and calcium gluconate in treating older male patients with osteoporosis

Clinical studies on calcitriol in osteoporosis (OP) have been mostly conducted in postmenopausal women, with limited research reported in elderly male patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of combining calcitriol with calcium gluconate for treating OP in elderly men and compared it with calcium gluconate monotherapy to provide insights into the clinical treatment options for OP. A total of 86 elderly male OP patients were included in this study and randomly assigned to control or observation groups in a 1:1 ratio. The control group was given oral calcium gluconate (1.0 g, three times daily), while the observation group was given oral calcitriol capsule (0.25 µg twice daily) and oral calcium gluconate (1.0 g three times daily). The results indicated that treatment with single calcium gluconate for 6 months had minimal impact on the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck, and balance function. In contrast, the combination of calcium gluconate and calcitriol significantly increased BMD and improved patients’ balance function. Both single calcium gluconate treatment and the combination of calcium gluconate and calcitriol affected various bone metabolism and turnover markers to varying degrees, including a decrease in the level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b) and an increase in the levels of osteocalcin and calcium. Both calcium gluconate and calcitriol affect patients’ bone metabolism and turnover markers to varying degrees. Importantly, the combination of calcium gluconate and calcitriol had a significant effect on these markers compared to calcium gluconate monotherapy, and no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions was observed between the two groups during treatment. Calcium gluconate in combination with calcitriol in elderly male patients with OP may increase bone mineral density, improve bone metabolism, enhance bone turnover and maintain a high safety profile.

Efficacy of Zoledronic Acid in Conjunction with Calcium Carbonate and Vitamin D3 in Osteoporotic Hip Fracture and Its Effects on Bone Density and Bone Metabolism Markers

Efficacy of Zoledronic Acid in Conjunction with Calcium Carbonate and Vitamin D3 in Osteoporotic Hip Fracture and Its Effects on Bone Density and Bone Metabolism Markers

Warming acupuncture-moxibustion combined with Bushen Qianggu Recipe effectively improves bone metabolism in osteoporosis patients.

Osteoporosis (OP) increases the risk of fractures in older adults, with no effective treatment options at present. To analyze the effects of warming acupuncture-moxibustion (WAM) combined with Bushen Qianggu Recipe on bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD), and pain intensity in OP patients. This retrospective study involved 103 patients with OP who were admitted to Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2021 and December 2023. The control group consisted of 47 cases given WAM and the research group consisted of 56 cases receiving WAM + Bushen Qianggu Recipe (Rehmanniae Radix 15 g, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata 15 g, Poria cocos 10 g, yam 10 g, rhizoma alismatis 10 g, raspberry 10 g, medlar 10 g, Schisandra chinensis 10 g, Semen Cuscutae 10 g, Epimedium 10 g, Polygonatum sibiricum Red. 10 g, Drynaria 10 g, and Eucommia ulmoides 10 g). Bone metabolism markers (procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP)), BMD (lumbar vertebrae at L2-4, femoral neck, and distal 1/3 of the radius), pain intensity (visual analog score (VAS)), dysfunction (Oswestry Dysfunction Index), quality of life (Short-Form 36 Item Health Survey (SF-36)), and overall treatment efficacy were analyzed comparatively. Compared with the baseline (before treatment) and post-treatment levels in the control group, the research group showed a reduction in PINP and B-ALP, an increase in BMD at the lumbar vertebrae L2-4, femoral neck, and distal 1/3 of the radius, and a decrease in VAS and Oswestry Disability Index scores. Additionally, the research group performed better across various dimensions of the SF-36 scale and had a higher overall effective rate. WAM combined with Bushen Qianggu Recipe is effective in alleviating pain intensity and improving bone metabolism, BMD, and quality of life in OP patients; therefore it is deserving of clinical promotion.

Associations of Serum Irisin and Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Levels With Bone Mineral Characteristics in Eumenorrheic Adolescent Athletes With Different Training Activity Patterns.

To describe serum irisin and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) concentrations in healthy female adolescents with different training activity patterns and their associations with bone mineral properties and metabolic markers. A total of 62 adolescent girls aged 14-18years were recruited: 22 rhythmic gymnasts, 20 swimmers, and 20 untrained controls. Bone mineral characteristics by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, daily energy intake by dietary recall, serum irisin, FGF-21, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were measured in all girls. Whole body and lumbar spine areal bone mineral density and lumbar spine bone mineral content were higher in the rhythmic gymnasts group compared with swimmers and untrained controls groups (P < .05). Serum irisin, FGF-21, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen levels were not significantly different between the groups. In the rhythmic gymnasts group, serum FGF-21 concentration was positively correlated with lumbar spine areal bone mineral density independently of confounding factors (r = .51; P = .027). Serum irisin and FGF-21 levels were not different between adolescent eumenorrheic girls with different training activity patterns. FGF-21 was positively associated with lumbar spine areal bone mineral density, which predominantly consists of trabecular bone in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts.

Cinobufagin Suppresses Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammation in Osteoporotic Mice by Promoting the Delivery of miR-3102-5p by Macrophage-Derived Exosomes.

Cinobufagin, the primary active compound in toad venom, is commonly used for anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic purposes. However, its specific bone-protective effects remain uncertain. This research aims to ascertain the bone-protective properties of cinobufagin and investigate underlying mechanisms. Mice were ovariectomized to establish an osteoporosis model, followed by intraperitoneal injections of cinobufagin and cinobufagin-treated RAW.264.7-derived exosomes for therapy. MicroCT, HE staining, and TRAP staining were employed to evaluate bone mass and therapeutic outcomes, while mRNA sequencing and immunoblotting were utilized to assess markers of bone metabolism, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation. Osteoblast and osteoclast precursor cells were differentiated to observe the impact of cinobufagin-treated exosomes derived from RAW264.7 cells on bone metabolism. Exosomes characteristics were studied using transmission electron microscopy and particle size analysis, and miRNA binding targets in exosomes were determined by luciferase reporting. In ovariectomized mice, cinobufagin and cinobufagin-treated exosomes from RAW264.7 cells increased trabecular bone density and mass in the femur, while also decreasing inflammation and lipid peroxidation. The effect was reversed by an exosomes inhibitor. In vitro experiments revealed that cinobufagin-treated exosomes from RAW264.7 cells enhanced osteogenic and suppressed osteoclast differentiation, possibly linked to Upregulated miR-3102-5p in RAW-derived exosomes. MiR-3102-5p targets the 3'UTR region of alox15, thereby suppressing its expression and reducing the lipid peroxidation process in osteoblasts. Overall, this study clarified cinobufagin's bone-protective effects and revealed that cinobufagin can enhance the delivery of miR-3102-5p targeting alox15 through macrophage-derived exosomes, demonstrating anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory effects.

Association between daily consumption of spicy food and bone mineral density in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Many studies have reported the effects of spicy food on human health, but no studies have been conducted on the impact of long-term spicy food consumption on bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to investigate the impact of daily consumption of spicy food on BMD in the population aged 50 years and older. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2020 to 2022 in Jiangxi Province, China. This study investigated the differences in BMD between non-consumers and daily spicy food consumers in adults aged 50-85 years. A multiple linear regression model was used to investigate the association between spicy food consumption and BMD of the total lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total hip, as well as biochemical markers of bone metabolism (BMBM) levels. Results: The results showed that daily consumption of spicy food was negatively associated with total LS BMD (β = -0.013, P = 0.015). Subgroup analyses showed this negative association was more pronounced among smokers and drinkers compared to non-smokers (β: -0.006 vs. -0.042; P for interaction <0.05) and non-drinkers (β: -0.004 vs. -0.037; P for interaction <0.05). In addition, according to the daily frequency of spicy food consumption, the daily spicy food consumers were categorized into one meal per day, two meals per day, and three meals per day groups. Further analysis revealed that the negative association between spicy food and total LS BMD was progressively stronger as the frequency of daily consumption of spicy food increased (P for trend <0.05). For BMBM, daily consumption of spicy food was positively associated with serum PINP levels and negatively associated with serum Ca and serum Mg levels. Conclusions: Our study suggested that daily consumption of spicy food was associated with lower LS BMD in middle-aged and older Chinese adults, and this association was more pronounced in the smoking and drinking populations. The adverse effects of spicy food on LS BMD become progressively stronger with increasing frequency of daily consumption of spicy food. In addition, daily consumption of spicy food was associated with higher PINP levels and lower serum Ca and Mg levels.

GnRH antagonist monotherapy versus a GnRH agonist plus bicalutamide for advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer; KYUCOG-1401.

To compare the effectiveness and safety of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist monotherapy to combined androgen blockade (CAB) with a GnRH agonist and bicalutamide in patients with advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). The study was conducted as KYUCOG-1401 trial (UMIN000014243) and enrolled 200 patients who were randomly assigned to either group A (GnRH antagonist monotherapy followed by the addition of bicalutamide) or group B (CAB by a GnRH agonist and bicalutamide). The primary endpoint was PSA progression-free survival. The secondary endpoints were the time to CAB treatment failure, radiographic progression-free survival, overall survival, changes in serum parameters, including PSA, hormones, and bone and lipid metabolic markers, and adverse events. PSA progression-free survival was significantly longer in group B (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.40, 1.01-1.95, p = 0.041). The time to CAB treatment failure was slightly longer in group A (HR, 95% CI; 0.80, 0.59-1.08, p = 0.146). No significant differences were observed in radiographic progression-free survival or overall survival. The percentage of patients with serum testosterone that did not reach the castration level was higher at 60 weeks (p = 0.046) in group A. No significant differences were noted in the serum levels of bone metabolic or lipid markers between the two groups. An injection site reaction was more frequent in group A. The present results support the potential of CAB using a GnRH agonist and bicalutamide as a more effective treatment for advanced HSPC than GnRH antagonist monotherapy.