Bone Meal Research Articles

Pemanfaatan Limbah Tepung Tulang Sebagai Pupuk Organik Terhadap Produktivitas Hidroponik Fodder Jagung

Abstract. Livestock productivity is influenced by three factors namely breed, feed and management. Animal feed costs on average reach 70% of production costs, so feed management must be done as well as possible. A common problem faced by farmers in Indonesia is limited land for planting forage, so an alternative is needed to fulfill forage by minimizing land use, namely one way with a hydroponic system. In recent years there has been increasing interest in using short growing duration feed cultivation technology known as fodder. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to determine the utilization of bone meal waste as organic fertilizer on productivity fodder corn. The materials in this study included corn seeds, bone meal and water. The method used is a field experiment using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment in this study was the use of bone meal as organic fertilizer, where P0 (0%), P1 (5%), P2 (10%), and P3 (15%). Each treatment was repeated 4 times. The research variables included germination percentage, normal sprout percentage, fresh forage production, and dry matter production. The data obtained was analyzed using analysis of variance. Based on the results of statistical analysis, it was shown that the use of bone meal as organic fertilizer had a very significant (P<0.01) effect on germination percentage, normal sprout percentage, fresh forage production and dry matter production. Germination percentage, normal germination percentage, fresh forage production and dry matter production were highest in P2 treatment. The values of each variable in P2 are sequentially as follows: 97.75%, 91.35%, 709.60 grams and 140.93%. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of 10% cast flour as organic fertilizer gives the best value to the productivity of corn fodder hydroponically.

Microscopic FT-IR imaging-based meat and bone meal species discrimination using the screened matrix fragments-related spectral pixels and tableting pretreatment

This study proposes a novel microscopic FT-IR imaging-based analytical strategy for the discrimination of meat and bone meal (MBM) species. The feasibility of correlation coefficient and PLS-DA methods for the screening of bone and meat fragment-related spectral pixels in MBM microscopic FT-IR imaging was validated. Subsequently, PLS-DA models were established for MBM species-specific analysis based on the screened bone and meat fragment-related spectral pixels. Comparative analysis with the PLS-DA model using all FT-IR pixels demonstrated a significant improvement in the performance of the PLS-DA model based on the fused matrix fragment-related spectral pixels, achieving an accuracy of approximately 0.980. Furthermore, the proposed analytical strategy exhibited a time efficiency advantage with a consumption period of approximately 4.5 min, thereby ensuring high spectral technical efficiency. The findings of this study offer a theoretical basis for the spectral discrimination analysis of agricultural materials with complex matrix compositions.

Parsley production using organic sources of phosphorus

Parsley is a condiment produced mainly by small producers, often in the organic system. Organic fertilizers make nutrients slowly available to plants when compared to inorganic fertilizers, an important quality for phosphorus (P), which is a nutrient that tends to fixate and adsorption. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the production of parsley with the use of organic sources of phosphorus in different proportions. Fourteen treatments were evaluated, resulting from the factorial 6 x 2 + 2: six proportions of two phosphate fertilizers (thermophosphate Yoorin® (TY) and bone meal (BM)), two doses (recommended (180 kg.ha-1 of P2O5, and double this) + two controls (without phosphate fertilizer; and with inorganic triple superphosphate fertilizer (recommended dose)). The proportions were: 100% P with TY; 80% P with TY + 20% with BM; 60% P with TY + 40% with BM; 40% P with TY + 60% with BM; 20% P with TY + 80% with BM; 100% P with BM. Shoot height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves in two harvests and the total of these two harvests were evaluated. No significant differences were obtained in the two harvests. The lack of effect to phosphate fertilization may be related to the high initial P content in the soil (123 mg.dm-3), which shows that in this case, fertilization with this nutrient is not necessary to produce parsley, despite the official recommendation to fertilize with phosphorus in a soil with a high P content.

Effect of Different Organic Manures on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Late Season Radish (Raphanus Sativus) in Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a major root vegetable crop in Nepal. Organic manures are an indispensable substitute for the highly toxic inorganic fertilizers. A research experiment was conducted at the horticulture farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa campus, Rupandehi, Nepal to investigate the effect of different organic manures on the growth, yield, and quality of Tokinashi variety of late-season radish. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The seven different treatments were farm yard manure (FYM) (30 t ha-1), poultry manure (20 t ha-1), FYM (15 t ha-1) + poultry manure (10 t ha-1), FYM (15 t ha-1) + vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1), vermicompost (5 t ha-1), FYM (15 t ha-1) + Bone meal (5 t ha-1), and control (without use of organic manures). Poultry manure was observed significant effect on the growth and yield attributes of radish. The effect of poultry manure over other treatments, viz. plant height (31.17 cm), number of leaves (20.53), shoot length (29.68 cm), crown spread (51.4 cm), root length (28.6 cm), root diameter (10.81 cm), average root weight (130.2 gm), average shoot weight (71 gm), root dry weight (125.33 gm), harvest index (64.85%), shoot yield per hectare (16.22 t ha-1), biological yield per hectare (50.3 t ha-1), root yield per hectare (23.87 t ha-1), and total soluble solid (1.13 0 Brix) were recorded maximum at harvest (77 days after sowing). The ascorbic acid was recorded maximum (0.181 mg ml-1) in vermicompost. It can be concluded that poultry manure can be used for higher yield for late-season radish cultivation under Rupandehi, Terai condition of Nepal.

Results of determining the nutritional composition of meat and bone meals intended for fodder mixture

The article discusses the utilization of livestock waste from slaughterhouses in the production of feed additives, suitable for broiler chickens, using highly nutritious food waste. The study presents results for moisture, protein, crude fat, and ash content in waste samples from various animals (foals, calves, and bone meal). Notably, the fat content was 9,6% in foal flour, 8,0% in calf flour, and 31,7% in bone meal. The research revealed that while a sample made from bone meal is high in fat (31,7%), the sample with the lowest amount of crude fat (8,0%) was from calf flour. These findings suggest the development of a new compound feed mixture, utilizing waste from agricultural animal slaughter, which is formulated to rapidly increase the weight of meat birds.

Approaches to Use Anti-nutritional Factors Containing Plant Based Protein-rich Aquafeeds

Replacement of the fish meal as a protein source in the aquafeeds is required these days due to the high cost of fish meal and its uncertain availability. Aquatic animals rely on fish meal for protein source so the protein source used in place of fish meal must not alter the nutritional quality of the feed. Therefore, such alternatives include animal and plant by- products such as meat, bone meal, rapeseed meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, a meal of protein- rich leaves, etc. However, the presence of anti-nutritional substances such as phytic acid, tannin, saponin, cyanide, oxalate, phytoestrogens, and gossypol limits the use of plant ingredients because ANFs have various side effects such as poor intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and decreased growth rate in many fish. To reduce the harmful effects several techniques such as solvent extraction, dry and wet heating, enzyme treatment, etc are used to reduce or eliminate such toxic components from Aquafeed. Amelioration strategies help in removal of anti-nutritional factors from plant based extract and are helpful in production of nutrient- rich and cost effective feed for fish for better growth and viability.

Synthesis of Bone Meal-derived 4-Carboxyphenylboronic Acid Functionalized Sulfur and Nitrogen Co-doped Graphene Quantum Dots Nanoprobe for Sialic Acid Sensing

Detection of sialic acid using advanced sensors in milk-based products is essential in the food industry. Therefore, the present work reports the sulfur and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots from bone meal functionalized with boronic acid (Boro-S/N-dGQDs) nanoprobe for sialic acid sensing applications. Briefly, S/N-dGQDs were functionalized with 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid to improve performance of fluorescent sensors toward the detection of sialic acid. Here, boronic acid surface decoration on S/N-dGQD was confirmed by several spectral characterizations. The addition of different quantities of sialic acid results in a directly proportionate correlation to fluorescence quenching. It gives a broad linear range of 50 ng/mL to 1000 ng/mL and a limit of detection of 6.04 ng/mL. Also, it displayed remarkable selectivity, likely due to interaction of sialic acid-containing 1,2-diol with hydroxyl group of Boro-S/N-dGQDs nanoprobe. Designed sensor demonstrated good stability and reproducibility. Real-time analysis of sialic acid in different milk-based products confirmed practicability of Boro-S/N-dGQDs.

Exploring the viability of Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture in India

Organic farming commonly known as ecological or biological farming is a type of farming that emphasises methods like crop rotation and companion planting and employs organic fertilisers including compost manure, crop residues, mineral grade rock additives, green manure, and bone meal. Organic farming is an agricultural system that creates safe, healthy or environmentally friendly products and works in the protection of nature. It excludes the use of synthetic inputs such as fertilizers; hormones feed additives, herbicides, pesticides. In order to preserve ecological balance and safeguard the environment, organic farming was adopted. It supports and improves the health of the agro-ecosystem, including the biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity. This paper aims to delve into the principles of organic farming and the concept of organic products. It also undertakes an analysis of the opportunities within the domain of organic farming and evaluates potential markets for organic products. Furthermore, the paper scrutinizes the challenges associated with marketing organic products. Organic farming provides nutrients to the plants and improves the physical and biological quality and characteristic of soil.

Development and Characterization of Multi-Nutrient Formulations for Organic Farming

The study was to develop multi-nutrient formulations for organic farming containing all the essential macro and micronutrients. The experimental design selected was completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The experiment was conducted in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala between Jan 2021-May 2021. Multi-nutrient formulations were developed using various organic nutrient sources like blood meal, soybean meal, rock phosphate, steamed bone meal, potassium sulfate, langbeinite, epsom salt, and borax permitted by National Programme for Organic Production. Formulations were prepared by mixing nutrient sources considering the nutrient requirement of nendran banana (N:P2O5:K2O @ 300:115:450 g plant-1) and the soil fertility status. The formulations were characterized for their physical, chemical and biochemical properties. On the basis of character analysis and principal component analysis the formulation F1 containing blood meal, rock phosphate, potassium sulfate, epsom salt and borax was found superior to other formulations. This was followed by F3 which contains blood meal, steamed bone meal, potassium sulfate, epsom salt and borax. Formulation F1 had 3.73 g cm-3 bulk density, 2.67% moisture content, 6.5 pH, 3.23 dSm-1 EC, 29.43% OC, 7.21% N, 2.71% P, 10.78% K, 5.98% Ca, 0.35% Mg, 4.45% S, 1174.11 mg kg-1 Fe, 4.53 mg kg-1 Mn, 13.55 mg kg-1 Zn, 8.65 mg kg-1 Cu and 93.67 mg kg-1 B. It also contained 45.04% crude protein, 2.95% humic acid and 3.55% fulvic acid. The formulation F3 had 7.47 pH, 3.37 dSm-1 EC, 28.34% OC, 7.11% N, 2.68% P, 10.68% K, 2.05% Ca, 0.32% Mg, 4.37% S, 1163.41 mg kg-1 Fe, 4.87 mg kg-1 Mn, 14.52 mg kg-1 Zn, 9.05 mg kg-1 Cu and 96.33 mg kg-1 B. Hence multi-nutrient formulation F1 based on its nutrient supplying capacity can be recommended as a nutrient source for organic farming.

Performance, egg quality characteristics, serum parameters, blood minerals and bone mineralisation of laying chickens fed bone dust as calcium source

The study investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of bone dust as a calcium source on performance, egg quality characteristics, serum parameters, blood minerals and bone mineralisation of laying chickens. A total of 128 point of lay birds (1470-1550g) were allotted on a weight equalisation basis to four dietary treatments. Each treatment consists of four replicates having 8 birds per replicate. The diets were designated T1, T2, T3 and T4 in which T1 is the diet with dicalcium phosphate (DCP), T2 is the diet with bone meal, T3 is the diet with 50% bone dust and 50% DCP and T4 is the diet with 100% bone dust. The experiment lasted for eight weeks; laying performance and egg qualities (internal and external) were evaluated on a weekly basis. Serum parameters, blood minerals and bone mineralisation were carried out at the end of the study. Data collected were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance using Minitab statistical software (17.0) and significant means were separated using Tukey’s test. The inclusion of 50% and 100% dust resulted in increased (P<0.05) daily feed intake (DFI). The use of 100% bone dust in the diet of layers resulted in the highest (P<0.05) number of eggs laid (NEL) (293.00) and Hen-day egg production (HDEP) (118.33 %). Eggshell thickness (EST) was highest for layers fed T3 and T4 diets. The highest (P<0.05) albumin height (AH) (10.04 mm) and Haugh unit (Hu) (94.62 %) was observed for layers fed T4 diet. Layers fed T1 and T4 diets had higher (P<0.05) total protein and globulin than other treatments. Calcium and phosphorus content in blood was highest (P<0.05) for layers fed T1 diet. Bone calcium and phosphorus were highest (P<0.05) for layers fed the T3 diet but lowest for those fed the T1 diet. It was concluded that bone dust can be included in the diet of layers at 50 and 100% for better performance and egg quality without negative effects on blood and mineral composition.

Age-Related Variations in the Apparent Metabolizable Energy of Meat and Bone Meal for Broilers.

The influence of broiler age on the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) of meat and bone meal (MBM) was investigated. A corn-soy basal diet and an experimental diet wherein 300 g/kg of the basal diet was replaced (w/w) with MBM were developed. The diets, in pellet form, were fed to six replicate cages across six age groups, namely d 1 to 7, 8 to 14, 15 to 21, 22 to 28, 29 to 35 or 36 to 42 d post-hatch. Birds were fed either a starter diet from d 1-21 or a finisher diet from d 22-35. Basal and experimental diets were introduced on d 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 and 36 with 10 (d 1-7), 8 (d 8-14) and 6 (d 15-42) birds per replicate. Total collection of excreta was carried out during the last 4 d of each age period. A linear decrease (p < 0.001) in the retention of dry matter and nitrogen was observed with advancing age. The AMEn of MBM showed a linear increase (p < 0.05), rising from 12.56 MJ/kg during d 1-7 to 13.90 MJ/kg during d 29-35, followed by a decline to 13.41 MJ/kg during d 36-42. The current findings showed that the energy utilization of MBM increased with the advancing age of broilers. Age-dependent AMEn values of MBM may need to be considered when MBM is included in feed formulations.

Testing the Level Organoleptics for Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Biscuits with the Addition of Tuna (Thunnus Sp) Bone Flour as an Additional Food for Children Toddlers

One of the 2030 SDG targets, namely SDG target 2, the Indonesian government has attempted to provide interventions to reduce stunting rates, both specific interventions and sensitive interventions. One of the government's efforts is to provide functional food in the form of high-calorie biscuits to stunted toddlers. Several obstacles often occur, one of which is distribution where the PMT biscuits are produced outside Papua and it takes time for distribution until when they arrive in the community the biscuits have expired and cannot be consumed. Organoleptic test results for color preference levels, panelists liked Moringa Biscuits with the addition of 20% tuna bone meal; for the level of preference for aroma, panelists liked Moringa Biscuits with the addition of 10% tuna bone meal; for taste preference level, panelists liked Moringa Biscuits with the addition of 30% tuna fish bone meal; For the level of preference for texture, panelists liked Moringa Biscuits with the addition of 20% tuna bone meal.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from animal feed in Japan.

The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacteria is a global health problem at the human, animal, and environmental interfaces, which necessitates the "One Health" approach. AMR of bacteria in animal feed are a potential cause of the prevalence in livestock; however, the role remains unclear. To date, there is limited research on AMR of bacteria in animal feed in Japan. In this study, a total of 57 complete feed samples and 275 feed ingredient samples were collected between 2018 and 2020. Enterococcus spp. were present in 82.5% of complete feed (47/57 samples), 76.5% of soybean meal (62/81), 49.6% of fish meal (55/111), 33.3% of poultry meal (22/66), and 47.1% of meat and bone meal (8/17) samples. Of 295 isolates, E. faecium (33.2% of total isolates) was the dominant Enterococcus spp., followed by E. faecalis (14.2%), E. hirae (6.4%), E. durans (2.7%), E. casseliflavus (2.4%), and E. gallinarum (1.0%). Of 134 isolates which were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance to kanamycin was the highest (26.1%), followed by erythromycin (24.6%), tetracycline (6.0%), lincomycin (2.2%), tylosin (1.5%), gentamicin (0.8%), and ciprofloxacin (0.8%). All Enterococcus spp. exhibited susceptibility to ampicillin, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol. Of 33 erythromycin-resistant isolates, only two showed a high minimum inhibitory concentration value (>128 μg/mL) and possessed ermB. These results revealed that overall resistance to antimicrobials is relatively low; however, animal feed is a source of Enterococcus spp. It is essential to elucidate the causative factors related to the prevalence of AMR in animal feed.

Corn Grain Fatty Acid Contents in Response to Organic Fertilisers from Meat Industry Waste

Organic waste can provide an alternative to synthetic fertilisers for maintaining productivity with limited environmental impact. Our research evaluates the potential use of processed animal waste in corn fertilisation, which may represent a partially closed nutrient cycle of importance in a sustainable agricultural system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity and quality of fat obtained from corn grain fertilised with meat and bone meal (MBM) produced from animal waste. A static field experiment using MBM was conducted at the Experimental Station in Tomaszkowo (53°71′ N, 20°43′ E), Poland. The field experiment was conducted in 2014–2017 with continuous corn cultivation. The course of weather conditions in the years of this study influenced the fat content, with the lowest amount found in 2016. The application of fertilisers in the form of MBM and mineral fertilisation resulted in a slightly lower fat content compared to the variant without fertilisation. The application of mineral fertilisers and MBM influenced an increase in the content of the predominant C18:2 acid compared to the variant without fertilisation, while the opposite was shown for C18:1 cis-9 acid. The fertiliser variants are most correlated with fat yield and total polyunsaturated fatty acids. The fertiliser variants in their effects on fat yield, fat content, fatty acid profiles, and their ratios can be divided into three groups, which were related to the effects of organic fertilisers during the years of this study. The use of meat and bone meal as fertilisers cannot be regarded as a factor in increasing the fat content of corn grain. Meat and bone meal applied over several years to the same field in the quantities required to achieve optimum yield can be an element that shapes fatty acid profiles.

A novel icariin‐encapsulated PLGA/nBM composite biomimetic microspheres for bone repair

AbstractDeer bone in traditional Chinese medicine is valued for its unique biomimetic bone matrix components. Icariin (Ica), which is claimed by Chinese medicine as a bone‐repairing agent, is also widely accepted. In this report, a novel Ica‐encapsulated PLGA/nano deer bone meal (Ica@PLGA/nBM) biomimetic microsphere was fabricated. The Ica could be released from microspheres in a controlled manner. In vitro results showed that the microsphere had good biocompatibility due to the addition of nBM and the MC3T3‐E1 cells could adhere to and grow well on the microspheres. Moreover, Ica and nBM in microspheres could synergically promote the ALP activity of MC3T3‐E1 cells significantly (p &lt; 0.05), which indicated the acceleration of osteogenic differentiation. The RT‐PCR results showed that the expression levels of bone matrix proteins (Col1 &amp; OPN) were enhanced by the composite (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, Ica and nBM in microspheres also obviously promoted the expression of RUNX2 and BMP‐2, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). The in vivo results demonstrated the effective promotion of Ica@PLGA/nBM on complete bony connection to cover the defect site and the bone defect repair. And the Ica(M)@PLGA/nBM microspheres provided the best repair results. All the results confirmed that the Ica@PLGA/nBM composite biomimetic microsphere has the potential for clinical application.

Meat and Bone Meal as a Renewable Energy Source in Cement Kilns: Investigation of Optimum Feeding Rate

Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) is a CO2 neutral fuel, and hence is a good candidate for substituing fossil fuels like pulverized coal in rotary kiln burners used in cement kiln systems. MBM is used in several cement plants, but the optimum substitution rate has apparently not yet been fully investigated. The present study aims to find the maximum possible replacement of coal by MBM, without negatively affecting the product quality, emissions and overall operation of the process. A full-scale experiment was carried out in the rotary kiln burner of a cement plant by varying the MBM substitution rate from 0 to 7 t/hr. Clinker quality, emissions and other relevant operational data from the experiment were analysed. Additionally, coal and MBM were compared by laboratory experiments. The results revealed that MBM could safely replace more than 40% of the coal energy without giving negative effects. The limiting factor is the free lime content of the clinker. Possible explanations to the free lime increase are given. If 40% of the coal in the rotary kiln burner was replaced by MBM on a long-term basis, the total annual CO2 emissions of the plant could be reduced by 10%.

Effect and mechanisms of soil functional groups in bacterial-enhanced cadmium contaminated soil phytoremediation

Considering the detrimental impact of heavy metals on agricultural soils, in situ remediation technology has gained considerable attention worldwide. Green materials have emerged as a promising option for enhancing plant-mediated remediation of contaminated soils. In this study, bacteria capable of mobilising cadmium (Cd) and promoting plant growth were screened and isolated. A synergistic system was established by combining bone meal and chitosan as soil amendments with the Cd-mobilising bacteria to improve the extraction of available Cd from soils by plants. The highest Cd accumulation was observed in the bone meal + bacteria, which increased by 131.81% when compared to the control group (CK). The highest available Cd content was observed in the chitosan + bacteria, which increased by 52.31% when compared to CK. Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed that organic compounds, such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and aliphatic compounds in the soil were crucial in mobilising Cd. Cd activation occurred through substitution of protons in the functional groups and chelation, leading to the formation of chelates with Cd2+ and in turn, facilitating Cd mobilisation in the soil. The incorporation of bone meal and chitosan into phytoremediation strategies can enhance the ability of bacteria to mobilise Cd, thereby increasing the effectiveness of phytoremediation.

Soybean Response to Different Levels of Recycled Phosphorus from Cattle Bone Meal

Soybean Response to Different Levels of Recycled Phosphorus from Cattle Bone Meal

Fontes alternativas de fósforo na produção de beterraba visando ao sistema orgânico

ABSTRACT The demand for beet produced in the organic system has increased. This study aimed to evaluate the beet production with the use of different proportions of phosphorus sources. A randomized block design was used. The treatments were established in a 6 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, corresponding to 6 proportions of the phosphorus fertilizers Yoorin® thermophosphate (YT) and bone meal (BM) (100 % of P2O5 with YT; 80 % of P2O5 with YT + 20 % of P2O5 with BM; 60 % of P2O5 with YT + 40 % with BM; 40 % of P2O5 with YT + 60 % with BM; 20 % of P2O5 with YT + 80 % with BM; and 100 % of P2O5 with BM), 2 doses of P2O5 (180 - recommended - and 360 kg ha-1) and 1 control without these phosphorus fertilizers. The plant height, number of leaves, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, transverse and longitudinal root diameter and total root yield were evaluated. The recommended fertilizer dose resulted in higher values, when compared to twice the recommendation. The proportion of 0 % of thermophosphate and 100 % of bone meal provided the highest mean values for the evaluated parameters. High phosphorus doses showed to be harmful to beet production.

Efeitos de farinha de osso e hidrogel nos teores foliares de cajueiro anão

ABSTRACT In semi-arid regions, where seasonal drought or irregular rainfall distribution are common occurrences, agricultural management techniques or strategies, such as the use of bone meal and/or hydrogel, can mitigate adverse conditions and ensure crop production. This study aimed to evaluate the efects of bone meal doses (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 g pit−1), in association or not with hydrogel (0 and 5 g pit−1, respectively), on the leaf nutrient content of the dwarf cashew cultivar BRS 226. The leaf nutrient contents were evaluated during two growing seasons. For being a good source of macronutrients, the bone meal increased the levels of N, P, Ca, K and Mg in the dwarf cashew leaves. The leaf contents of the micronutrients Zn, Fe and Mn decreased with increasing bone meal doses. The nutrient accumulation in the leaves of the dwarf cashew planted in pits with bone meal and hydrogel has the following order: N &gt; K &gt; Ca &gt; Mg &gt; P &gt; Mn &gt; Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Cu. The application of bone meal at levels close to 600 g pit−1, mainly with the use of hydrogel, is a viable fertilizer alternative for dwarf cashew.