Bone Mass Index Research Articles

Correlation between the Level of Vitamin D and Bone Mass Index in Primary Osteoporotic Patients in Taif - KSA

Osteoporosis (OP) is considered as one of the commonest metabolic bone diseases in orthopedics, characterized by a reduction in bone mass density and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to diminished material properties with an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to minor trauma fractures. The aim of this cross sectional study was to detect the level of vitamin D in patients suffering from primary osteoporosis and to correlate their levels with bone mass index. This work was performed - at the Orthopedic Outpatient Clinic of King Abdul Aziz specialist Hospital, Taif, (KSA) - on 115 patients (77 females and 38 males) fulfilling WHO revised criteria of 1994 for osteoporosis. The mean age of patients was 67.5± 8.2. A medical history was taken and bony pains, fragility fractures, and loss of height, were elicited, with Inclusion criteria in the form of a T-score ≤ −2.5 SD at the lumbar spine, with exclusion of any patient with secondary osteoporosis. Full physical examination and investigations were done including estimation of serum total vitamin D and X-ray of lumbar and thoracic spine. Results indicate that the mean total vitamin D and T-score were 19.7±6.6 ng/dl and -2.9± 0.4 respectively. 88.7% of osteoporotic cases were complaining of bone pains, 47% of them complaining of height loss and 47.8% of them had spine fracture in X-ray. Positive strong significant correlation between total vitamin D and T-score (r=0.83, p value <0.0001) was found. It could be concluded that there is a significant positive strong correlation between total vitamin D and bone mass index in primary osteoporotic patients in Taif - KSA.It is recommended that adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D during prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis is necessary.

Induction of Androgen Formation in the Male by a TAT-VDAC1 Fusion Peptide Blocking 14-3-3ɛ Protein Adaptor and Mitochondrial VDAC1 Interactions

Low testosterone (T), a major cause of male hypogonadism and infertility, is linked to mood changes, fatigue, osteoporosis, reduced bone-mass index, and aging. The treatment of choice, T replacement therapy, has been linked with increased risk for prostate cancer and luteinizing hormone (LH) suppression, and shown to lead to infertility, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. Alternate methods to induce T with lower side effects are desirable. In search of the mechanisms regulating T synthesis in the testes, we identified the 14-3-3ɛ protein adaptor as a negative regulator of steroidogenesis. Steroidogenesis begins in mitochondria. 14-3-3ɛ interacts with the outer mitochondrial membrane voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1) protein, forming a scaffold that limits the availability of cholesterol for steroidogenesis. We report the development of a tool able to induce endogenous T formation. Peptides able to penetrate testes conjugated to 14-3-3ɛ site of interaction with VDAC1 blocked 14-3-3ɛ-VDAC1 interactions while at the same time increased VDAC1-translocator protein (18 kDa) interactions that induced steroid formation in rat testes, leading to increased serum T levels. These peptides rescued intratesticular and serum T formation in adult male rats treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, which dampened LH and T production.

Bone mass and bone metabolic indices in male master rowers

The purpose of this study was to assess bone mass and bone metabolic indices in master athletes who regularly perform rowing exercises. The study was performed in 29 men: 14 master rowers and 15 non-athletic, body mass index-matched controls. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of the areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were performed for the total body, regional areas (arms, total forearms, trunk, thoracic spine, pelvis, and legs), lumbar spine (L1-L4), left hip (total hip and femoral neck), and forearm (33% radius of the dominant and nondominant forearm). Serum concentrations of osteocalcin, collagen type I cross-linked C-telopeptide, visfatin, resistin, insulin, and glucose were determined. Comparative analyses showed significantly lower levels of body fat and higher lean body mass values in the rowers compared to the control group. The rowers also had significantly higher values of total and regional (left arm, trunk, thoracic spine, pelvis, and leg) BMD, as well as higher BMD values for the lumbar spine and the left hip. There were significant differences between the groups with respect to insulin, glucose, and the index of homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance. In conclusion, the systematic training of master rowers has beneficial effects on total and regional BMD and may be recommended for preventing osteoporosis.

Effect of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) supplementation for 12 months on the indices of vitamin K status and bone health in adult patients with Crohn's disease.

Although epidemiological findings support a role for vitamin K status in the improvement of bone indices in adult patients with Crohn's disease (CD), this needs to be confirmed in double-blind, randomised controlled trials (RCT) with phylloquinone (vitamin K1). By conducting two RCT, the present study aimed to first establish whether supplementation with 1000μg of phylloquinone daily near-maximally suppresses the percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin in serum (%ucOC; marker of vitamin K status) in adult patients with CD currently in remission as it does in healthy adults and second determine the effect of supplementation with phylloquinone at this dose for 12 months on the indices of bone turnover and bone mass. The initial dose-ranging RCT was conducted in adult patients with CD (n 10 per group) using 0 (placebo), 1000 or 2000μg of phylloquinone daily for 2 weeks. In the main RCT, the effect of placebo v. 1000μg vitamin K/d (both co-administered with Ca (500mg/d) and vitamin D3 (10μg/d)) for 12 months (n 43 per group) on the biochemical indices of bone turnover (determined by enzyme immunoassay) and bone mass (determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were investigated. At baseline, the mean %ucOC was 47%, and this was suppressed upon supplementation with 1000 μg of phylloquinone daily (-81%; P<0·01) and not suppressed further by 2000μg of phylloquinone daily. Compared with the placebo, supplementation with 1000μg of phylloquinone daily for 12 months had no significant effect (P>0·1) on bone turnover markers or on the bone mass of the lumbar spine or femur, but modestly increased (P<0·05) the bone mass of the total radius. Despite near maximal suppression of serum %ucOC, supplementation with 1000μg of phylloquinone daily (with Ca and vitamin D3) had no effect on the indices of bone health in adult CD patients with likely vitamin K insufficiency.

Healing Process of Autogenous Bone Graft in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Treated With Losartan: An Immunohistochemical and Histomorphometric Study

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which has been related to such changes as gradual bone loss and a decrease in bone mass index. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that involve hypertension and osteoporosis are not fully understood. Many patients have high blood pressure, controlled or uncontrolled, and may use at least 1 antihypertensive drug, and an understanding of the interference of hypertension with bone healing is very important when considering oral rehabilitation with implants and bone grafts. This study investigated the interference of hypertension in bone metabolism during the repair process of autogenous bone grafting and analyzed the influence of losartan, an antihypertensive drug and angiotensin II receptor antagonist, through histometric and immunohistochemical analyses by examining the protein expressions of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule. The groups studied include 24 normotensive Wistar rats and 24 spontaneously hypertensive rats divided into groups treated and not treated with losartan. Rats were subjected to block bone graft surgery in the mandible and were sacrificed at 7, 14, and 28 days. Histometric analysis was performed to evaluate the amount of bone tissue formed at the interface of the recipient bed and bone graft. The total area of formed bone tissue was outlined and calculated. Immunohistochemical analysis was semi-quantitative and the significance of the differences between groups regarding the percentage of newly formed bone tissue interface and protein expression were determined by ANOVA analysis of variance and Kruskall-Wallis followed by Tukey test or Holm Sidak to detect differences between groups. The results were considered statistically significant when P<.05. The untreated hypertensive rats showed a delay in the repair of autogenous bone block grafts compared with untreated Wistar rats. Furthermore, the use of losartan for lowering blood pressure in these animals was shown to improve the healing process, despite not showing important statistical differences.

Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: dose-response effects on growth.

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the first-line treatment for children with persistent asthma. Their potential for growth suppression remains a matter of concern for parents and physicians. To assess whether increasing the dose of ICS is associated with slower linear growth, weight gain and skeletal maturation in children with asthma. We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register of trials (CAGR) and the ClinicalTrials.gov website up to March 2014. Studies were eligible if they were parallel-group randomised trials evaluating the impact of different doses of the same ICS using the same device in both groups for a minimum of three months in children one to 17 years of age with persistent asthma. Two review authors ascertained methodological quality independently using the Cochrane Risk of bias tool. The primary outcome was linear growth velocity. Secondary outcomes included change over time in growth velocity, height, weight, body mass index and skeletal maturation. Among 22 eligible trials, 17 group comparisons were derived from 10 trials (3394 children with mild to moderate asthma), measured growth and contributed data to the meta-analysis. Trials used ICS (beclomethasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, fluticasone or mometasone) as monotherapy or as combination therapy with a long-acting beta2-agonist and generally compared low (50 to 100 μg) versus low to medium (200 μg) doses of hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)-beclomethasone equivalent over 12 to 52 weeks. In the four comparisons reporting linear growth over 12 months, a significant group difference was observed, clearly indicating lower growth velocity in the higher ICS dose group of 5.74 cm/y compared with 5.94 cm/y on lower-dose ICS (N = 728 school-aged children; mean difference (MD)0.20 cm/y, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02 to 0.39; high-quality evidence): No statistically significant heterogeneity was noted between trials contributing data. The ICS molecules (ciclesonide, fluticasone, mometasone) used in these four comparisons did not significantly influence the magnitude of effect (X(2) = 2.19 (2 df), P value 0.33). Subgroup analyses on age, baseline severity of airway obstruction, ICS dose and concomitant use of non-steroidal antiasthmatic drugs were not performed because of similarity across trials or inadequate reporting. A statistically significant group difference was noted in unadjusted change in height from zero to three months (nine comparisons; N = 944 children; MD 0.15, 95% CI -0.28 to -0.02; moderate-quality evidence) in favour of a higher ICS dose. No statistically significant group differences in change in height were observed at other time points, nor were such differences in weight, bone mass index and skeletal maturation reported with low quality of evidence due to imprecision. In prepubescent school-aged children with mild to moderate persistent asthma, a small but statistically significant group difference in growth velocity was observed between low doses of ICS and low to medium doses of HFA-beclomethasone equivalent, favouring the use of low-dose ICS. No apparent difference in the magnitude of effect was associated with three molecules reporting one-year growth velocity, namely, mometasone, ciclesonide and fluticasone. In view of prevailing parents' and physicians' concerns about the growth suppressive effect of ICS, lack of or incomplete reporting of growth velocity in more than 86% (19/22) of eligible paediatric trials, including those using beclomethasone and budesonide, is a matter of concern. All future paediatric trials comparing different doses of ICS with or without placebo should systematically document growth. Findings support use of the minimal effective ICS dose in children with asthma.

SAT0494 Protein Intake and Body Composition Relationship in A Rheumatic Patient Population

BackgroundThe relationship between protein dietary intake and Bone Mass Index (BMI) is controversial. Hyperproteic diet increases urinary calcium excretion but without obvious impact in Osteoporosis (OP). Sarcopenia in the elderly...

Adherence to Mediterranean diet and bone health.

Several studies have concluded that incidences of osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures vary across the European Union, the lowest incidence being reported in the Mediterranean area. The beneficial effect is mainly attributed to a specific eating pattern. The Mediterranean diet contain a complex array of naturally occurring bioactive molecules with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and alkalinising properties that may contribute to the bone-sparing effect of the Mediterranean diet. The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence to date on the effects of Mediterranean diet on bone health. The search for articles came from extensive research in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. We used the search terms "Mediterranean diet", "adherence", "fruit and vegetable", "olive oil", "fish" "legume", "cereal" "alcohol", "bone", "osteoporosis", "fracture", and combinations, such as "Mediterranean diet and bone" or "Mediterranean diet and fracture". A limited number of studies have examined the relationship between Mediterranean Diet and bone health, and they have reported conflicting results. On the one hand, adherence to a traditional MeDi has been associated with higher bone mineral density and lower fracture risk. The results of these studies could be attributed to the combined beneficial effects of individual components of the Mediterranean diet. On the contrary, several studies failed to show any association between adherence to the MeDi and indices of bone mass. Further large-scale studies are required to clarify the effect of Mediterranean diet on bone health, in order to establish the role of this diet in the prevention of osteoporosis.

Análise da associação da fadiga com variáveis clínicas e psicológicas em uma série de 371 pacientes brasileiros com artrite reumatoide

ObjectivesFatigue is a highly subjective and extremely common symptom in patients with rheumatoid arthritis although it is difficult to characterize and define. The aim of this study was to assess fatigue in a cohort of Brazilian patients, and to analyze the relationship between fatigue and disease‐specific variables. Methods371 Brazilian patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis according to the 1987 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria were prospectively investigated. Demographic, clinical and laboratorial data were obtained from hospitals records. The number of painful joints, bone mass index, disease duration, quality of life, functional capacity, anxiety and depression were recorded. Fatigue was evaluated using the subscale of Fatigue Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT‐FATIGUE scale). ResultsThe median fatigue score was 42.0 (10.0), negatively correlated with functional capacity (‐0.507; P < 0.001), anxiety and depression (‐0.542 and ‐0.545; P < 0.001 respectively), and predominantly with physical domain of Short Form 36‐item quality of life questionnaire (SF‐36P: 0.584; P < 0.001). The scores were not associated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (‐0.118; P < 0.05), C‐reactive protein (‐0.089; P < 0.05), disease activity (‐0.250; P < 0.001) or the number of painful joints (‐0.135; P < 0.01). Confidence interval of 95% was applied for all measures. ConclusionsIn this series of Brazilian patients with rheumatoid arthritis, we suggest a new significance for fatigue complains as an independent parameter not related with number of painful joints, disease or inflammatory activity scores. Psychological and functional impairments appear to be more related to fatigue. Additional studies and inclusion of standard measures for monitoring fatigue complains are required.

Analysis of the association of fatigue with clinical and psychological variables in a series of 371 Brazilian patients with rheumatoid arthritis

ObjectivesFatigue is a highly subjective and extremely common symptom in patients with rheumatoid arthritis although it is difficult to characterize and define. The aim of this study was to assess fatigue in a cohort of Brazilian patients, and to analyze the relationship be- tween fatigue and disease-specific variables. Methods371 Brazilian patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis according to the 1987 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria were prospectively investigated. Demographic, clinical and laboratorial data were obtained from hospitals records. The number of painful joints, bone mass index, disease duration, quality of life, functional ca- pacity, anxiety and depression were recorded. Fatigue was evaluated using the subscale of Fatigue Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT-FATIGUE scale). ResultsThe median fatigue score was 42.0 (10.0), negatively correlated with functional ca- pacity (-0.507; P < 0.001), anxiety and depression (-0.542 and -0.545; P < 0.001 respectively), and predominantly with physical domain of Short Form 36-item quality of life question- naire (SF-36P: 0.584; P < 0.001). The scores were not associated with the erythrocyte sedi- mentation rate (-0.118; P < 0.05), C-reactive protein (-0.089; P < 0.05), disease activity (-0.250; P < 0.001) or the number of painful joints (-0.135; P < 0.01). Confidence interval of 95% was applied for all measures. ConclusionsIn this series of Brazilian patients with rheumatoid arthritis, we suggest a new significance for fatigue complains as an independent parameter not related with number of painful joints, disease or inflammatory activity scores. Psychological and functional impairments appear to be more related to fatigue. Additional studies and inclusion of stan- dard measures for monitoring fatigue complains are required.

Effect of the ethanol extract of Pleurotus eryngii on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats

Objective Postmenopausal bone loss and the possible progression to osteoporosis are a major health concern. Mushrooms have been recognized as functional foods. Pleurotus eryngii extract has been reported to have estrogenic activity, suggesting that its consumption may mitigate postmenopausal bone loss. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of supplementation with an ethanol extract of P. eryngii on bone metabolism in a postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model.Methods Female 12-week-old Wistar rats were subjected to either sham operation or bilateral ovariectomy. The ovariectomized rats were then subdivided into two groups: one fed the extract and the other not. Twelve weeks after surgery, indices of bone mass, bone histomorphometry, and bone mechanics were measured.Results The right femur bone mineral content and density of the ovariectomized group were significantly lower than in the Sham group, and extract supplementation did not have any significant effect on these differences. Furthermore, ovariectomy significantly increased measures of mineralizing surface and bone formation rates; again, extract supplementation again had no significant effect.Conclusion Our findings suggest that the ethanol extract of P. eryngii does not alter bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats, suggesting that consumption of P. eryngii may not be beneficial in slowing bone loss after menopause.

Eldecalcitol improves chair-rising time in postmenopausal osteoporotic women treated with bisphosphonates

An open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted to clarify the effect of eldecalcitol (ED) on body balance and muscle power in postmenopausal osteoporotic women treated with bisphosphonates. A total of 106 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (mean age 70.8 years) were randomly divided into two groups (n=53 in each group): a bisphosphonate group (control group) and a bisphosphonate plus ED group (ED group). Biochemical markers, unipedal standing time (body balance), and five-repetition chair-rising time (muscle power) were evaluated. The duration of the study was 6 months. Ninety-six women who completed the trial were included in the subsequent analyses. At baseline, the age, body mass index, bone mass indices, bone turnover markers, unipedal standing time, and chair-rising time did not differ significantly between the two groups. During the 6-month treatment period, bone turnover markers decreased significantly from the baseline values similarly in the two groups. Although no significant improvement in the unipedal standing time was seen in the ED group, compared with the control group, the chair-rising time decreased significantly in the ED group compared with the control group. The present study showed that ED improved the chair-rising time in terms of muscle power in postmenopausal osteoporotic women treated with bisphosphonates.

Age-related vessel calcification at distal extremities is a risk factor of osteoporosis

We conducted a cohort study to investigate if the vessel calcifications (VCs) found in the distal extremities are an index of low bone mass at multiskeletal sites. A total of 332 healthy women aged 41–80 years were recruited for bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density measurement using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Seven percent of the women showed VC at both upper and lower distal extremities based on pQCT images. Women who had VC were then compared with their age-matched non-VC counterparts. Results showed that peripheral VC was mainly formed at distal lower extremities, and the prevalence of VC increased with advancing age, with 0%, 5.6%, 9.3%, and up to 34.5% in the age groups of 41–50 years, 51–60 years, 61–70 years, and 71–80 years, respectively. Compared with the control group, the VC group showed a significantly higher body mass index (25.2 vs. 23.2, p < 0.01), lower BMC at the spine (27.4 g vs. 31.3 g, p < 0.05), and lower BMC (1.8 g vs. 2.0 g, p < 0.05) and bone mineral density (0.57 g/cm 2 vs. 0.66 g/cm 2 , p < 0.05) at the hip as measured by DXA. The diagnosis of VC in the distal extremities by pQCT increased the diagnosis sensitivity of osteoporosis by 50%. The significance of our findings imply that in clinical settings using pQCT for bone assessment and identification of patients with VC in the distal extremities, patients should also be referred for central DXA measurement at the femoral neck for diagnosis of osteoporosis as well as further assessment of vascular disorders.

Palmitic Acid and DGAT1 Deficiency Enhance Osteoclastogenesis, while Oleic Acid-Induced Triglyceride Formation Prevents It

Both obesity and diabetes mellitus are associated with alterations in lipid metabolism as well as a change in bone homeostasis and osteoclastogenesis. We hypothesized that increased fatty acid levels affect bone health by altering precursor cell differentiation and osteoclast activation. Here we show that palmitic acid (PA, 16:0) enhances receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-stimulated osteoclastogenesis and is sufficient to induce osteoclast differentiation even in the absence of RANKL. TNFα expression is crucial for PA-induced osteoclastogenesis, as shown by increased TNFα mRNA levels in PA-treated cells and abrogation of PA-stimulated osteoclastogenesis by TNFα neutralizing antibodies. In contrast, oleic acid (OA, 18:1) does not enhance osteoclast differentiation, leads to increased intracellular triglyceride accumulation, and inhibits PA-induced osteoclastogenesis. Adenovirus-mediated expression of diacylglycerol acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), a gene involved in triglyceride synthesis, also inhibits PA-induced osteoclastogenesis, suggesting a protective role of DGAT1 for bone health. Accordingly, Dgat1 knockout mice have larger bone marrow-derived osteoclasts and decreased bone mass indices. In line with these findings, mice on a high-fat PA-enriched diet have a greater reduction in bone mass and structure than mice on a high-fat OA-enriched diet. Thus, we propose that TNFα mediates saturated fatty acid-induced osteoclastogenesis that can be prevented by DGAT activation or supplementation with OA.

Treatment of Gluteus Medius and Minimus Tendon Tears with a Specific Diagnostic and Surgical Technique: A Retrospective Study of 67 Patients

Treatment of Gluteus Medius and Minimus Tendon Tears with a Specific Diagnostic and Surgical Technique: A Retrospective Study of 67 Patients

Effect of dietary protein on bone status in US Adults aged 50 years and older; NHANES 1999–2004

Dietary protein is an important determinant of bone health, but the effect of dietary total protein intake (Tpro) on bone status of older adults is controversial. We assessed the effect of TPro on bone status using data from the 1999–2004 NHANES. Dietary (24‐h recall) and bone (DXA) data from 6,149 men and women aged 50+ y were analyzed. Subjects were grouped based on TPro (LP (n=1993), &lt;0.8; MP (n=1150), 0.8–1.0; and HP (n=3006), &gt;;1.0 g protein·kg ideal body weight (IBW)−1·d−1). Total‐body bone mineral content (BMC), appendicular BMC (aBMC), total‐body bone mineral density (BMD), and total‐body bone mass index (BoMI) were used as indicators of bone status. Mean protein intakes of LP, MP, and HP were: 0.58±0.004, 0.90±0.002, and 1.45±0.011 g protein·kg IBW−1·d−1, respectively. Compared to the LP, MP and HP had higher BMC (p&lt;0.001), aBMC (p&lt;0.001), and BMD (p&lt;0.001) and HP had higher BoMI (p&lt;0.001). There were no differences between MP and HP for these parameters. After covariate adjustment, HP had higher BMD (1.096 ± 0.003 g/cm2 vs. 1.085 ± 0.004 g/cm2; p &lt; 0.05) than LP, with MP intermediate (1.094 ± 0.005 g/cm2). These results indicate inadequate protein intake adversely affects bone status in older adults. However, among subjects who consumed adequate protein, i.e. greater than 0.8 g protein·kg IBW−1·d−1, bone status was not influenced by higher protein intake.Funding: Dairy Res Inst, Purdue Ingest Behav Res Ctr

Osteoporosis delays intervertebral disc degeneration by increasing intradiscal diffusive transport of nutrients through both mechanical and vascular pathophysiological pathways

Several studies have demonstrated an inverse correlation between osteoporosis and degenerative disc disease, so that patients with lower bone mass index, despite presenting greater risks of vertebral fractures, would paradoxically present delayed intervertebral disc degeneration. However the exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying such phenomenon are not yet completely elucidated. In this article the author provides a general scheme to explain the causal relation between osteoporosis and delayed intervertebral disc degeneration by two main pathophysiological pathways: a vascular and a mechanical one. According to such model, osteoporosis positively affects disc nutrient diffusion through several mechanisms such as: increased endplate vascularization, decreased endplate resistance and decreased intradiscal strain. In the sequence a comprehensive review of the current literature on the issue is performed in order to provide a general overview about the current degree of evidence about the role of each factor postulated to be involved in such pathophysiological scheme. Finally the author provides overall directions for future research on the issue with special attention to the causal links which are supported by weak scientific evidence or by evidence from single studies.

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and bone mass indices in post-menarchal Indian adolescent girls

To study the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and bone mass indices in adolescent girls, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 120 post-menarchal girls aged 15-18years in Pune city, India. Serum levels of ionised calcium, inorganic phosphorous, parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxy vitamin-D were measured. Bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured at total body (TB), lumbar spine (LS) and left femoral neck (FN) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Polymorphisms of the VDR gene at the Fok1 and Bsm1 loci were detected using SYBR Green quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The overall distribution of genotypes at the Bsm1 locus in this study was 33.3% Bb, 29.2% bb and 37.5% BB while that for the Fok1 locus was 44.2% Ff, 7.5% ff and 48.3% FF. There were no significant differences in the blood parameters when classified according to Bsm1 or Fok1 genotypes. Subjects with BB genotype have significantly higher mean TBBMC, TBBA, TBBMD and LSBMD than Bb and bb (p<0.05) and showed a tendency for association with LSBMC and LSBA (p<0.1). Subjects with Ff genotype showed a tendency for association with left FNBMC and FNBA (p<0.1). Bsm1 genotype did not show an association with FN bone indices whereas Fok1 genotype did not show association with TB or LS bone indices. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates VDR gene polymorphism, defined by Bsm1 genotype, has an influence on total body and lumbar spine bone mass indices in post-menarchal Indian girls.

Age effect on bone mineral density changes in breast cancer patients receiving anastrozole: results from the ARBI prospective clinical trial

PurposeWe investigated whether age at anastrozole (A) initiation influences the effect of treatment on bone mineral density (BMD). We conducted a post hoc analysis of the dataset of Arimidex Bone Mass Index Oral Bisphosphonates prospective trial, studying the effect of risedronate (R) on BMD of postmenopausal, early breast cancer patients receiving A.MethodsPatients were stratified into those with normal BMD or mild osteopenia (T > −2) receiving A-only and patients with mild or severe osteopenia (T ≤ −2) or osteoporosis (T < −2.5) receiving A and per os R (A + R). Depending on age on treatment initiation, patients were grouped into two age cohorts, above and below 65 years. BMD change in lumbar spine (LS) and hip (HP) was evaluated at 12 months. An analysis of patients with normal BMD at baseline was additionally performed.ResultsAmong patients receiving A-only, women ≤65 years were more likely to have a decrease in LS-BMD than older (p = 0.034). HP-BMD decrease at 12 months was not related to age (p = 0.182). In patients with mild or severe osteopenia or osteoporosis, treated with A + R, no age effect was observed for LS or HP (p = 0.099 and p = 0.939, respectively). Among patients with normal BMD at baseline, the age effect on LS-BMD change was more profound (p = 0.026).ConclusionsOur study suggests that younger postmenopausal women with normal BMD or mild osteopenia receiving A-only face an increased risk of bone loss in LS. Among patients with mild or severe osteopenia or osteoporosis treated with A + R, 12 months LS or HP BMD variations were configured regardless of age group.

Correlation between bone mass index and fracture risk in a Greek female population

Correlation between bone mass index and fracture risk in a Greek female population