Leukemic Bone Marrow Cells Research Articles

On the mode of decrease of leukemic cells during treatment of acute leukemia

During the induction treatment of acute leukemia the mode of decrease of leukemic cells in blood and bone marrow and of neutrophile leukocytes in blood were analysed by a computer according to the equation, log z = k 1 t 2 + k 2 t + k 3 . The parameters of decrease i.e., the maximum rate of decrease, the rate of deceleration and the duration of decrease were examined for each case. In the case treated with 6-mercaptopurine, cytosine arabinoside, cyclocytidine and 838-D, the maximum rate of decrease and the rate of deceleration were lower and the duration of decrease was longer than in the cases treated with daunomycin, neocarzinostatin, l-asparaginase and the combination of daunomycin, methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine and predonisolone. Drug-dependent difference in the decrease of leukemic cells in the bone marrow and that of neutrophile leukocytes were also observed. The present kinetic analysis seems to give important information in the treatment of acute leukemia by providing a numerical estimation of the decrease of leukemic cells and neutrophile leukocytes.

The intercellular content of the three transcobalamins at various stages of normal and leukaemic myleoid cell development.

A study of the three serum transcobalamins (TC) in myeloproliferative disorders and acute leukaemia has suggested a granulocyte origin for the three binders; the later stages of this cell line might be releasing 'TC I' and 'TC III' while 'TC II' which is increased in sera from patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia, probably originates at least in part from myeloblasts. The intracellular content of each TC has been studied in normal and leukaemic bone marrow cells after separation on a discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradient. Myeloblasts contain a TC II-like protein almost exclusively but promyelocytes contain a TC I-like protein which increases as the cells mature whilst 'TC II' decreases. A TC III-like binder parallels 'TC I' but appears later and reaches a maximum in the polymorphonuclear cells. In various types of leukaemia, abnormal TC distributions are related either to marrow replacement by the blast cells or to a disorder of the maturation process in the leukaemic cell line.

Isolation of infectious C-type oncornavirus from human leukaemic bone marrow cells

C-TYPE ONCORNAVIRUSES are associated with neoplasms of the haemopoietic organs in several vertebrate species1. Molecular hybridisation studies have revealed the presence of an RNA species in human leukaemias that has some homology with animal C-type oncornaviruses2,3. In addition, leukaemic cells contain a reverse transcriptase that proves to be serologically closely related to the enzyme from the woolly monkey C-type oncornavirus4. Several claims have been made for the presence of C-type particles in malignant cells or plasma of leukaemic patients (for review, see ref. 5). There have also been reports of release of such virus particles in tissue culture lines of leukaemic cells6,7.

Cultivation of leukemic human bone marrow cells in diffusion chambers implanted into normal and irradiated mice

In order to elucidate the question of whether the maturation defect in vivo in acute leukemia is due to environmental or cellular factors, we have cultured human leukemic cells in a nonleukemic milieu, i.e., diffusion chambers implanted into the abdominal cavity of normal and irradiated mice. For each harvest, the cell count was measured and differential counts and the number of peroxidase-positive cells determined. The cell number decreased with time, without significant difference between culture in irradiated (500 rads) and normal mice. The blast cells succeeded only in developing distorted promyelocytes and myelocytes. There was a general pattern of increase in the number of peroxidase-positive cells. The study supports the concept that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disturbance of cellular maturation due to cellular rather than environmental defects.

Cultivation of Leukemic Human Bone Marrow Cells in Diffusion Chambers Implanted Into Normal and Irradiated Mice

In order to elucidate the question of whether the maturation defect in vivo in acute leukemia is due to environmental or cellular factors, we have cultured human leukemic cells in a nonleukemic milieu, i.e., diffusion chambers implanted into the abdominal cavity of normal and irradiated mice. For each harvest, the cell count was measured and differential counts and the number of peroxidase-positive cells determined. The cell number decreased with time, without significant difference between culture in irradiated (500 rads) and normal mice. The blast cells succeeded only in developing distorted promyelocytes and myelocytes. There was a general pattern of increase in the number of peroxidase-positive cells. The study supports the concept that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disturbance of cellular maturation due to cellular rather than environmental defects.

Trisomy D in bone marrow cells in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia.

A female patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia was found to have 47, XX, + D in 100% of her bone marrow cells. There was no Ph¹ chromosome. Fluorescent staining showed that the extra D group chromosome was most likely a No. 13 chromosome. Both lymphocyte and skin fibroblast cultures revealed a normal female karyotype, which indicated that the abnormal karyotype was not constitutional but an aberration occurring only in the leukemic bone marrow cells. To our knowledge, such an aberration has not been reported previously as an isolated abnormality present in leukemic marrow cells.

CFU-C yields from the haemopoietic tissues of normal and leukaemic RFM mice.

ABSTRACTSpleen and bone marrow cells from normal and leukaemic RFM mice have been assayed for numbers of colony forming cells in soft agar (CFU‐C). The fluctuations in CFU‐C yield observed during the development of myeloid leukaemia are similar to the results from in vitro experiments set up to test a model, and are not incompatible with the idea that interaction between normal and leukaemic cells may modify the yield of CFU‐C under the present conditions of culture. Colonies grown from leukaemic spleen and bone marrow cells appear to be derived from the residual population of normal haemopoietic cells within the leukaemic mouse.

Variability of Proliferative Patterns in Acute Lymphoid Leukemia of Children

Abstract Proliferative patterns of neoplastic bone marrow in five children with untreated acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) were studied radioautographically using a combined analysis of labeling indices and median grain counts of blast cells in mitosis and in interphase as a function of time after a single intravenous injection of 3H-thymidine. The results are interpreted as follows: (1) In at least two cases, a considerable fraction of initially labeled large blasts immediately reentered another cell cycle on completion of mitosis, as evidenced from periodicities of mitotic labeling curves. The relative number of immediately recycling cells varied from patient to patient. In all cases a certain percentage of cells following division passed through a nonproliferative phase of variable duration characterized by a small nuclear size. (2) The time parameters of the mitotic cycle of leukemic blasts differed from patient to patient, although the generation times of immediately recycling cells were close to 50 hr (47-55 hr) in at least three cases. The duration of S phase varied between approximately 20 and 40 hr. Best estimates for the duration of G2 + ½ M ranged from 3 to 7 hr, and for mitotic time from 0.5 to 1.6 hr. (3) Leukemic bone marrow cells in all five cases of ALL had longer generation times than any nonneoplastic lymphopoietic or hemopoietic cell line of man investigated so far. (4) A continuous reentry of small leukemic blast cells into a proliferative phase and a concomitant increase in nuclear size occurred in all cases studied, thus confirming previous results obtained by other authors. Possible reutilization of label and its implications with regard to interpreting cytokinetic data in ALL are discussed.

66. In vitro sensitivity to vincristine of acute lymphocylic leukemia Cells—a tentative to corrnelate in vivo and in vitro results

Data were obtained on the influence of vincristine (7 × 10−5M) on the in vitro incorporation of both 6-11C-orotate into RNA and of 1-14C leucine into proteins of leucine cells from acute lymphocytic leukemia. Orotate and leucine incorporation were measured after 2 and 12hr of incubation. A total of 17 patients were examined. Most of the in vitro studies were conducted on peripheral blast cells. In 4 instances also bone marrow leukemic cells were tested. In any case in which a good clinical response by vincristine administration was recorded, also a strong in vitro inhibition of both RNA and protein synthesis was odserved. On the contrary, in the only 2 cases in which a definitive in vivo resistance to vincristine was observed, also an in vitro lack of response was found. Practical implications of these studies will be discussed.

A Comparative Study of the Leukemogenic Effects of Strontium-90 and X-Rays in Mice

SummaryThe leukemogenicity of 90Sr was studied in comparison with that of fractionated total-body X-irradiation in the low leukemia ICR/JCL strain of mice. Fractionated total-body X-irradiation of 680 R yielded leukemia in 77.3% of mice, of which all but one were of thymic origin. A single intraperitoneal dose of 1.0 μCi/g of body weight also had a high leukemogenic effect (61.8%). The 90Sr-induced leukemias were cytologically of lymphoblastic, reticulum cell, or stem cell type, not of thymic origin. No myeloid leukemia occurred in these mice. Thymectomy inhibited the leukemogenic effect of total-body X-irradiation as reported by others, while the induction of leukemia by 90Sr was not inhibited by thymectomy. It is postulated that X-irradiation produces progenitors of leukemic cells in bone marrow or spleen, and these cells migrate into the injured thymus where they proliferate, while the similar progenitor cells can be produced in bone marrow by direct effects of 90Sr. As grafted lymphomas they migrate i...

骨髄体外組織培養による白血病の螢光顕微鏡学的研究

Tissue culture cells from various leukemic bone marrow were stained with acridine orange and studied with the fluorescence microscope from the beginning of staining to the death of stained cells. Following was the results obtained. 1. By addition of acridine orange solution into the tissue culture medium, the nuclei of mature leukocytes from normal bone marrow revealed green fluorescence, and their cytoplasmic granules reddish orange. In degenerated leukocytes, however, nuclei and nucleoli displayed orange fluorescence immediately after additioning the dye, and then, loosing their fluorescence, they became green. Meanwhile, red fluorescence of granules was gradually discolored and became invisible without changing the color. 2. The nuclei of mature leukocytes in acute leukemias, especially neutrophils in acute myelogenous, lymphocytes in acute lymphocytic, basophils in acute basophilic, and monocytes in monocytic leukemia, were stained with a more reddish tinge and their granules were discolored in the earlier stage of the tissue culture than those in normal bone marrow. 3. The red fluorescence of the nucleoli within the green nuclei was characteristic of leukemic cells in monocytic and acute myelogenous leukemias. However, the nucleoli became gradually vague, since, as time elapses, the nuclei changed into orange in color. 4. In cultured cells of chronic leukemias, no characteristic fluorescence was observed as compared with those of normal bone marrow. 5. In the present study, it was conceivable that cellular functions of leukemic bone marrow cells was damaged in acute leukemias, and not damaged in chronic leukemias by the acridine orange staining.

Immunological studies with nucleo-proteins from tissue-culture cells. I. Nucleo-proteins from human leukemic bone-marrow (MCN) cells.

Journal Article Immunological Studies with Nucleoproteins from Tissue-Culture Cells. I. Nucleoproteins from Human Leukemic Bone-Marrow (MCN) Cells Get access John S. Colter, John S. Colter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Vittorio Defendi, Vittorio Defendi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roslyn E. Wallace, Roslyn E. Wallace Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harris H. Bird Harris H. Bird Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 6, June 1958, Pages 1141–1155, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.6.1141 Published: 01 June 1958 Article history Received: 03 December 1957 Published: 01 June 1958

Histochemical Demonstration of Reducing Activity in Normal and Leukemic Blood and Bone Marrow Cells.

Reducing activity in blood and bone marrow cells can be demonstrated with the aid of pp′ diphenylene bis 2-(3,5 diphenyl tetrazolium chloride). Under the microscope, sites of reduction are indicated by small purplish granules due to the formation of insoluble formazan. A positive reaction is seen in the myeloid elements with the exception of the myeloblasts. Lymphocytes and monocytes show a varying degree of activity. Nucleated red cells and megakaryocytes are occasionally positive. In leukemic blood, myeloblasts are consistently negative while the more mature elements show reducing activity.