Bone Cyst Research Articles

Pathological Fractures in Aneurysmal Bone Cysts: A Systematic Review.

Background: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are osteolytic, non-malignant, vascular lesions of the bone. Pathological fractures can be a manifestation of the ABCs, which occur in about 8% of ABCs. Different treatments have been described in the literature, but, nowadays, an optimal management of the pathological fractures in patients with ABCs is still a matter of debate and there are no standard guidelines for treatment nor any shared indication about the best surgical intervention. The aim of our study is to review the current literature available on this matter exploring and confronting different surgical treatments for pathological fractures in ABC in order to clarify the surgical approach to these patients. Methods: A systematic review of the literature indexed in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases was carried out. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematically Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed. Results: A total of 37 articles were relevant and were finally included in the study. In total, we reached a population of 140 patients. Of the 140 patients included in the review, 124 patients (88.6%) underwent curettage surgery, 15 patients (10.7%) underwent en bloc resection surgery. A total of 47% of patients (70) underwent synthesis surgery with a plate, screw, nail, or external fixator. Adjuvant treatments were used in 8.6% of patients (12). Complications involved 20.7% of the patients (29). Conclusions: In conclusion, the treatment of pathological fractures in aneurysmal bone cysts requires careful patient assessment, considering factors such as age, the presence of open growth plates, the location of the lesion, and the surgeon's expertise.

Isolated calvarial aneurysmal bone cyst in a pediatric patient: illustrative case.

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, osteolytic lesions that can occur in long bones, vertebrae, or rarely, the skull. Here the authors present the case of a 15-year-old male with a primary ABC of the left frontoparietal skull along with a review of the literature to provide insight into the nature of this rare disease. An otherwise healthy 15-year-old male presented with a tense, painful lesion of the left frontoparietal scalp. He could not identify any inciting trauma, but first noted the lesion less than 2 weeks prior to presentation with progressive enlargement. Cranial imaging revealed a lytic skull lesion with fluid-fluid levels suggestive of ABC. Curative therapy was provided via wide excision of the lesion and calvarial reconstruction of the resultant skull defect. This was performed without complication, and histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of primary ABC. ABCs of the skull are rare entities and most often arise in the skull base versus the calvaria. Typically, these lesions are associated with an underlying bone pathology (secondary ABCs) but can be rarely seen as isolated lesions (primary ABCs). Clinical management consists of excision and adjuvant therapy for underlying pathology where appropriate.

Osteomyelitis appearing as bone tumor: a case series

Introduction: Focal bone lesions are common and often found on routine radiology examinations. While many lesions are true neoplasms, several bone abnormalities are not tumors. It is essential for radiologists and clinicians to be aware of this possibility and to identify characteristic features that make it possible to differentiate between bone tumors and lesions that resemble bone tumors. This case series will specifically discuss osteomyelitis, which resembles a bone tumor Case Description: There were three cases with features of osteomyelitis that appeared as bone tumors. The first case is a 3-year-old girl with swelling in her right knee. The differential diagnosis based on X-ray examination are chondroblastoma and aneurysmal bone cyst. The second case is a 24-year-old man with left knee swelling. The differential diagnosis based on X-ray examination is chondroblastoma and giant cell tumor (GCT). The third case is a 45-year-old man with swelling and pain in his right thigh. The differential diagnosis based on X-ray examination is periosteal osteosarcoma. All three cases underwent laboratory examination and showed signs of infection, such as leucocytosis, elevated ESR, and elevated CRP. Histopathology examination of all cases shows chronic inflammation. Conclusion: On X-ray examination, it is difficult to differentiate between osteomyelitis and bone tumors. Cases of osteomyelitis that resemble bone tumors emphasize the importance of clinical history, laboratory examination, and radiography because they are generally difficult to detect.

Application direct anterior approach in pediatric femoral head and neck lesions

BackgroundFemoral neck is one of the high-risk areas for benign tumors and tumor-like lesions. Small range of lesions may also lead to pathological fracture, femoral head necrosis and other serious problems.PurposeTo investigate a new minimally invasive surgical approach to resect femoral head and neck lesions in children.Patients and methodsRetrospective study of 20 patients with femoral neck and femoral head lesions from February 2019 to March 2023 in our hospital. Among them, 14 were boys and 6 were girls, 17 were femoral neck lesions and 3 were femoral head lesions. The age of the patients ranged from 3.2 to 12.6 years, with a mean of 7.1 years. The patients were divided into group A and group B according to different surgical approaches; group A used the Smith-Peterson approach, Watson-Jones approach or surgical dislocation approach and group B used the DAA. Intra-operatively, incision length, operative time and blood loss were recorded in both groups. Group A consisted of 1 femoral head lesion and 8 femoral neck lesions, including 5 cases of bone cyst and 4 cases of eosinophilic granuloma. Group B consisted of 2 femoral head lesion and 9 femoral neck lesions. A total of 11 patients with different types of disease were included in group B, including bone cysts (3 cases), aneurysmal bone cysts (1 case), eosinophilic granulomas (6 cases), Kaposi's sarcoma (1 case).ResultsThe two groups of patients differed in terms of incision length (P < 0.05), operative blood loss (P < 0.05) and operative time (P < 0.05). At 6–48 months post-operatively, there were no significant differences in function and all patients had good hip function.ConclusionThe direct anterior approach is effective for resection of paediatric femoral head and neck lesions. It provides clear exposure of the surgical site, minimal trauma and does not compromise the integrity of the anterior musculature.Level of evidence: III.

Erratum to: Are Fibular Allograft Struts Useful for Unicameral Bone Cysts of the Proximal Humerus in Skeletally Mature Patients?

Erratum to: Are Fibular Allograft Struts Useful for Unicameral Bone Cysts of the Proximal Humerus in Skeletally Mature Patients?

Intraosseous resection of bone tumors: our experience

Introduction. The effectiveness of efficient surgical interventions in patients with benign, borderline, and malignant bone tumors remains an important topic because such operations imply lower injury rate and volume of surgical intervention while being more physiological. In terms of radicality and consequently recurrence rates they are comparable to more traumatic surgeries such as segmental resections with various types of reconstructions (arthrodesis, endoprosthesis, auto- and allotransplantation using bone fragments, et al) and amputation.Aim. To analyze the results of intraosseous resection for benign, malignant, giant cell, and metastatic bone tumors.Materials and methods. Between 2015 and 2023, 45 interventions of intraosseous resection were performed in 44 patients: 19 (43 %) had enchondroma, 6 (14 %) – giant cell tumor, 4 (9 %) – fibrous dysplasia, 3 (7 %) – solitary bone cyst, 3 (7 %) – aneurysmal bone cyst, 2 (5 %) – chondromyxoid fibroma, 4 (9 %) – metastatic bone lesions, 1 (2 %) – osteoid osteoma, 1 (2 %) – benign fibrous histiocytoma, 1 (2 %) – chondrosarcoma G1 . Among them, 27 interventions were performed in combination with adjuvants (liquid nitrogen cryoablation, argon plasma coagulation, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol). In 24 patients, reconstruction was performed using lyophilized corpse bones, in 5 using autotransplant (fragments of the iliac crest), in 10 using plastic material (in 6 – polymethacrylate, in 4 – osseointegrative material “Rekost”), in 6 using xenoplastic material “Silorif.” Additionally, 16 surgeries were augmented with osteosynthesis (14 extramedullary and 3 intramedullary osteosyntheses).Results. Complications in the early postoperative period were observed in 3 (7 %) patients, in the late postoperative period in 2 (5 %) patients. At follow ups (between 2 and 97 months), 42 (95 %) patients did not have signs of recurrence. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS) at these follow ups in recurrence-free patients was excellent (mean score – 93.6 %) and good (mean score – 77 %). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status also showed high functional potential of intraosseous resection: its mean value was 0.3.Conclusion. Use of intraosseous resection including augmentation with adjuvant measures, allowed to achieve excellent functional results in 42 (95 %) of patients with mean follow-up duration of 39.8 months. Fractures in 2 patients demonstrate the necessity of extramedullary osteosynthesis in surgeries on long bones experiencing high load irrespective of the volume of intervention. The obtained results show applicability and high effectiveness of intraosseous resection. For certain indications, it can be the treatment of choice.

Comparison of computed tomographic findings for radiolucent lesions of the mandibular ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst, dentigerous cyst, and simple bone cyst

Background/purposeRadiolucent lesions of the mandible, including ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), dentigerous cyst (DC) and simple bone cyst (SBC), are frequently encountered in clinical practice. However, they vary in type and occasionally in appearance. Each lesion needs a different treatment and approach; therefore, accurate diagnosis is crucial before treatment. However, the radiographic findings, including computed tomography (CT), are often similar. This study aimed to compare the CT findings of 41 ameloblastomas, 74 OKCs, 87 DCs, and 13 SBCs in the mandible. Materials and methodsPatients were evaluated on initial CT images focusing on features such as long/short diameters, relationship with adjacent teeth, cortex appearance, locularity, scalloped margins, and sclerotic rims. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the most useful features for differential diagnosis. Criteria for differential diagnosis were finally established for three lesions, excluding SBC, which had a relatively small number of cases. ResultsThe relationship with the affected tooth, short diameters, sclerotic rims, and locularity were found to be significant features in the differential diagnosis. Ameloblastomas were characterized by relatively larger short diameters, frequently accompanied by root resorption and adjacent tooth displacement, while SBCs lacked these features. Sclerotic rims were commonly observed in OKCs and DCs, and most DCs were unilocular, containing a crown within the lesion. Based on these results, criteria were established for differential diagnosis with a diagnostic accuracy of 84.2%. ConclusionThis is the first study to attempt to characterize each lesion's radiological features, and these criteria are likely to assist in clinical diagnosis.

Novel Dual Bicolumnar Fibula Graft Reconstruction of Distal Humerus in Pediatric Patients After Massive Bone Resection: A Report of Two Cases.

We describe 2 case studies, involving a 10-year-old girl with an aneurysmal bone cyst and a 12-year-old adolescent boy with Ewing sarcoma. The patient with Ewing sarcoma was previously managed with wide surgical excision and fibular graft reconstruction and subsequently experienced significant graft resorption, hardware failure, and fracture 24 months after operation. A revision limb salvage attempt was undertaken. In both cases, fibular strut grafts were harvested and fixed with intramedullary k-wires to recreate the medial and lateral columns of the distal humeral triangle. The technique achieved complete osseous integration, structural support, and functional restoration of the elbow in both cases, with good functional outcomes.

Minimally invasive sclerotherapy for mandibular aneurysmal bone cyst: A case report and literature review

Minimally invasive sclerotherapy for mandibular aneurysmal bone cyst: A case report and literature review

Case Report: 14 Years-Old Boy with Paraplegia and Aneurysmal Bone Cysts of Neck who Responded to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment

This article discusses a rare case of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) affecting the cervical spine, presenting with neck pain and progressive weakness in all extremities. A 14-year-old boy experienced these symptoms for three years without any history of trauma. Physical examination revealed weakness and tenderness in the cervical vertebrae. MRI showed cervical compression, paravertebral abscess, spinal nerve swelling, and canal stenosis, suggestive of tuberculosis spondylitis. The surgical intervention involved laminectomy and tumor debulking, confirming the diagnosis of a aneurysmal bone cyst. Despite initial motor deficits, anti-tuberculosis treatment significantly improves motor function and neck mobility over several weeks. This case underscores the rarity of cervical spine involvement in aneurysmal bone cyst and highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent neurological complications and achieve favorable outcomes. The study emphasizes considering aneurysmal bone cyst as a potential differential diagnosis for lytic lesions involving the spine in young patients, emphasizing the need for vigilance in clinical practice.

Cases of difficult-to-access benign tumors with the potential risk for bone fracture

During the period from 2022-2023, three patients underwent surgical treatment involving curettage and bone grafting at our clinic (2 females and 1 male) due to hip pain. In two of them, a non-ossifying fibroma of the femoral neck and acetabulum was observed, while in the third patient, a bone cyst in the femoral neck was established. Due to possible fractures in these areas, the patients underwent surgery involving curettage and bone grafting with a synthetic bone substitute. Postoperatively, the patients had no pain and full range of motion.

Clinical, imaging and pathological and molecular characteristics of simple bone cyst

Objective: To investigate the radiologic, pathologic, and molecular features of simple bone cysts (SBC), and their differential diagnoses. Methods: Fourteen cases of SBC were collected at the Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2017 to 2022, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed for retrospective analysis. Results: There were 14 patients, including 7 females and 7 males, with age range of 7 to 45 (median 29) years. The most common complaint was pain, including 4 cases with pathological fracture and 5 with history of previous trauma. The tumor size ranged from 3.4 to 13.5 (median 5.6) cm. The lesion involved the femur (n=4), humerus (n=5) and iliac bone (n=5). Radiologic diagnoses included SBC, aneurysmal bone cyst, and giant cell tumor of the bone or its combination with aneurysmal bone cyst-like region and fibrous dysplasia. Histologically, the cyst walls of the lesions were composed of fibrous tissue, fibrin-like collagen deposits, bone-like matrix and occasional woven bone. The lesional cells were spindled to ovoid, with scattered osteoclast-like giant cells, foamy histiocytes, hemosiderin deposits and cholesterol clefts. In 6 cases there were nodular fasciitis-like areas. Immunohistochemically, the spindled to ovoid cells were positive for SMA, EMA and SATB2 in varying degrees. FISH detection was performed in all 14 cases and EWSR1/FUS rearrangement were found in 9 cases. One case of FUS::NFATC2 fusion was detected by next-generation sequencing. Nine cases of SBC with the rearrangement were more cellular, and there were more mitotic figures in the recurrent FUS::NFATC2 fusion tumor. Clinical follow-up was obtained in all 14 cases with the time ranging from 5 to 105 (mean 46) months. Amongst them, the tumor with FUS::NFATC2 rearrangement had local recurrence twice after the first local excision, but had no more recurrence or metastasis 34 months after the subsequent segmental resection. The other 13 cases had no recurrence. Conclusions: EWSR1 or FUS rearrangement is most commonly identified in SBC, suggesting that SBC might be a neoplastic disease. In cases where the radiologic appearance and histomorphology are difficult to differentiate from aneurysmal bone cyst, FISH detection can aid in the definitive diagnosis.

Detection of MDM2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization and its diagnostic value in low-grade osteosarcoma

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of detecting MDM2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in low-grade osteosarcoma (LGOS). Methods: Thirty cases of parosteal osteosarcoma (POS) and 14 cases of low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCOS) from April 2009 to August 2022 at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University were analyzed for the presence of MDM2 gene amplification by FISH. Fifty-eight additional cases were used as negative controls (including 28 cases of fibrous dysplasia, 5 cases of giant cell tumor, 4 cases of conventional osteosarcoma, 2 cases each of periosteal osteosarcoma, reparative changes after fracture, pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma, low grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, fibrous dysplasia with malignant transformation, one case each of leiomyosarcoma, sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, desmoplastic fibroma of bone, solitary fibrous tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst, clear cell chondrosarcoma, osteofibrous dysplasia, and 3 cases of unclassified spindle cell tumor). Results: Among the 30 patients with POS, 15 were male and 15 were female, ranging in age from 10 to 59 years (mean 35 years, median 30.5 years). Among the 14 patients with LGCOS, four were male and 10 were female, ranging in age from 15 to 56 years (mean 37 years, median 36 years). All except one case were successfully detected by FISH. MDM2 gene amplification was detected in 27 cases of POS (27/29,91.3%) and 8 cases of LGCOS (8/14). All the negative controls were negative for MDM2 gene amplification. The positive rate of MDM2 gene amplification was significantly different between the case group and the control group (P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of MDM2 gene amplification in diagnosing POS and LGCOS were 91.3% and 100.0%; and 57.1% and 100.0%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MDM2 gene amplification in diagnosing LGOS (including POS and LGCOS) were 81.3% and 100.0%, respectively. In cases where MDM2 gene was amplified, the MDM2 amplified signal was clustered. Nine cases showed increased CEP12 signal different from polyploidy which was displayed as small and weak signal points or cloud flocculent and cluster signals. Conclusions: Detection of MDM2 gene amplification by FISH is a highly sensitive and specific marker for LGOS. The interpretation criteria for FISH detection of MDM2 amplification are currently not unified. The signal characteristics need more attention when interpreting.

ВСТРЕЧАЕМОСТЬ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА ГЕНОВ COL1A1, VDR У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С КОСТНЫМИ КИСТАМИ

Background. The relationship between the decrease in bone mineral density, a violation of bone metabolism and functionally defective alleles of the VDR and SOL1A1 genes was proved. Taking into account the peculiarities of bone biodynamics and the fact that in the period from 5 to 16 years, the bone mineral density increases by 3 times, which coincides with the age period for the detection of bone cysts in children, the study of polymorphism of the VDR and COL1A1 genes (which mainly regulate bone formation) in patients with bone cysts is relevant today. Aim. To investigate the polymorphism of collagen type 1 (COL1A1), vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes in children with bone cysts, to establish the influence of the gene factor on the development of this pathology. Material and methods. During the period from June to December 2021, the polymorphism COL1A1, VDR was studied in 27 patients diagnosed with bone cysts. 41 patients with other orthopedic and traumatological pathology were examined as comparison groups. Genotyping of polymorphic alleles of the VDR and COL1A1 gene was performed by "real time" polymerase chain reaction. Results. In patients with bone cysts, the frequency of heterozygous genotype AG and homozygous GG was the same – 37% for each, the AA genotype accounted for 26%. In children from the comparison group, heterozygous genotype AG and homozygous AA were found with the same frequency – 39% each, genotype GG – 22% each. In patients with bone cysts, the frequency of homozygous genotype AA and heterozygous CA was the same – 15% for each, the CC genotype accounted for 70%. In children from the comparison group, homozygous genotype CC was found in 70.5% of cases, heterozygous genotype CA – 27%, homozygous genotype AA – 2.5%. Conclusions. It was found that the percentage of mutant homozygous type for the VDR and COL1A1 genes is higher in patients with bone cysts. There is a certain genetically determined relationship between bone cysts and a violation of bone formation and bone resorption.

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the navicular bone in adults: a case report and review of the literature

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the navicular bone in adults: a case report and review of the literature

Novel and unusual USP6 fusion partners in aneurysmal bone cyst and their role in pathogenesis and histopathological evaluation of this disease

AimsThe purpose of this study is to report novel and unusual USP6 fusion partners in aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs). These findings may be useful in routine diagnostics as well as...

Treatment of Unicameral Bone Cysts Utilizing the Sclerograft™ Technique.

To evaluate the Sclerograft™ procedure, which is an image-guided, minimally invasive approach of chemical sclerotherapy followed by bone grafting of unicameral bone cysts (UBC). A retrospective evaluation from August 2018 through August 2023 was performed at a single institution on patients that underwent the Sclerograft™ procedure for UBCs. Radiographic healing was evaluated utilizing the Modified Neer Classification. Two different regenerative grafts, CaSO4-CaPO4 and HA-CaSO4 were utilized. A total of 50 patients were evaluated with 41 patients grafted with CaSO4-CaPO4 and 9 patients grafted with HA-CaSO4. The average age of the patient was 12.1years with an average radiographic follow-up of 14.5months. Average cyst size was 5.5cm in the largest dimension and average cyst volume was 20.2cc. 42 out of 50 (84%) showed healed cysts (Modified Neer Class 1) on the most recent radiograph or MRI. Recurrences occurred on average at 7.2months. Activity restrictions were lifted at 3-4.5months post-procedure. Cyst stratification by size did not show a difference in recurrence rates (p = 0.707). There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between lesions abutting the physis compared to those that were notabutting the physis (p = 0.643). There were no major complications. The Sclerograft™ procedure is an image-guided approach to treating unicameral bone cysts, utilizing chemical sclerosis and regenerative bone grafting. The radiographic healing of cysts compares favorably to open curettage and grafting as determined utilizing previously published trials.

A rare case of fibrous dysplasia in the mandible: a case report

Background: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign fibro-osseous lesion of the bone which can be monostotic FD and the polyostotic form. Polyostotic FD with café-au-lait spots of the skin and hormonal imbalances is called McCune–Albright syndrome. Besides, Mazabraud syndrome is characterized by polyostotic FD and intramuscular myxomas. FD has its onset during childhood or early adolescence and usually occurs within the first or second decade of life.&#x0D; The mode of presentation of the FD of the jaw ranges from asymptomatic to dental anomalies, pain, and facial asymmetry. Given the clinical history and radiological assessment, cystic lesions have some important differential diagnoses which range from cystic ameloblastoma, fibrous dysplasia, aneurysmal bone cyst, and odontogenic keratocyst.&#x0D; Case report: This presents a 19-year-old female who presented to the maxillofacial surgeons’ clinic with a referral from a peripheral hospital. Her major complaint was right-sided facial swelling which was noticed 4 years before the presentation. A plain radiograph revealed an expansile lesion of the mid-right mandible appearing as a well-outlined, fairly oval multiloculated cystic radiolucent mass with multiple internal septations. A preliminary diagnosis of a complex cystic right jaw mass with benign features was made with possible differential diagnoses such as ameloblastoma, fibrous dysplasia, aneurysmal bone cyst, and odontogenic keratocyst were suggested as possible differential diagnoses. Finally, she had an excision biopsy with a histological diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia. The outcome of the surgery was satisfactory at one year review.&#x0D; &#x0D;

A New Radiological Scoring System as a Method of Assessing Sclerotherapy Treatment Response for Aneurysmal Bone Cysts: A Retrospective Study.

Background A widely accepted set of imaging criteria or classification has not yet been adopted to evaluate response to treatment by percutaneous sclerotherapy for aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). In this article, we described and illustrated the Royal Orthopaedic Hospital (ROH) scoring system which is a new, reproducible, and objective tool to evaluate the radiological response. We also reported our institutional experience in the efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided sclerotherapy for treating such lesions. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted for 19 patients who underwent CT-guided sclerotherapy with doxycycline and albumin to treat ABC. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging, at a minimum of 12 months, was assessed according to the four ROH scoring system parameters: cystic component, fluid-fluid level, presence of consolidation, and cortical integrity. The cumulative score was used to grade response as either: excellent, good, equivocal, or poor. Results Out of 19 patients with a mean age of 17.8 years, 11 cases occurred in the long bones, 5 cases in the pelvis, and 1 in each of the C3 vertebral body, scapula, and talus. The mean parameter of response score for cystic component was 2, fluid-fluid level was 1.3, consolidation was 2, and cortical integrity was 2.1. Four cases showed excellent response, 12 cases showed good response, 2 cases showed equivocal response, and 1 case showed poor response. Interrater reliability was excellent (κ = 0.9). Conclusion The ROH scoring system provides the radiologist and surgeon with an objective method to score imaging parameters of response independently and achieve a grade based on the cumulative score.

Prevalence of panoramic radiographs findings of cementum‐osseous dysplasia with calcification in the department of oral surgery at hospital: A retrospective study

AbstractAimCemento‐osseous dysplasia (COD) is a benign, non‐neoplastic, fibro‐osseous lesion that is often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on dental radiographs. Radiological examination, rather than biopsy, is recommended for diagnosis because of the risk of infection. The dentist working at a hospital sometimes requests a family dentist to follow up on the progress of COD discovered accidentally during panoramic radiography at a hospital. However, there are few reports on the prevalence of COD on panoramic radiographs obtained at the oral surgery department of a hospital; therefore, we investigated this in this study.Materials and methodsWe examined the prevalence of COD with calcification (classification, presence of infection, and complications with simple bone cysts) in 1194 patients for whom panoramic radiographs were obtained.ResultsTwelve patients (1.0%) had findings of COD with calcification: four cases of periapical COD (three females and one male), five cases of focal COD (four females and one male), and three cases of florid COD (three females and zero males). Infection was seen in one case of Florid COD and one case of Focal COD. A simple bone cyst was observed in one patient with Florid COD.ConclusionCOD with calcification was observed in a certain percentage of patients, and many were asymptomatic. Dental healthcare workers need to understand that COD carries a risk of infection and that there are diseases that need to be differentiated. Patients should also be advised about the need for long‐term follow‐up.