Bonds Of Brotherhood Research Articles

Penyalahgunaan Peran Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) dalam Electoral Misconduct pada Pilkada di Indonesia

This study was conducted through a literature review method (library research), gathering, analyzing, and organizing data from previous research sources such as scientific articles, journals, and books. The focus of the research is on the misuse of the role of Civil Servants (ASN) in electoral misconduct during the 2020 Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) in Indonesia. This phenomenon encompasses the politicization of bureaucracy through the misuse of the ASN's role by the candidates for regional head. Findings indicate that the practice of Electoral Misconduct results in the misuse of the ASN’s role, which affects the integrity and objectivity of the ASN, leading to violations of the bureaucratic apparatus code of ethics. Despite the existence of established sanctions, both light and severe, ASNs are still involved in practical political practices. This involvement occurs due to temptations like bonds of brotherhood and promises of a better career. Although Government Regulation (PP) Number 94 of 2021 has been issued to maintain the neutrality of ASN, there is still potential involvement in unethical practices. The study also found that this behavior reflects the misuse of the ASN’s role and degradation of morality and ethics within the bureaucracy. The close relationship between politicians and bureaucrats becomes a central challenge, often determining the success or failure of governance. This dynamic is exacerbated by the dominance of pragmatic and materialistic values that overshadow ethical and moral principles.

Zakat Profesi Dalam Pandangan Hukum Islam

Poverty is one of the problems that often occurs in a country, this problem has become the world's attention because the whole world certainly experiences the problem of poverty affecting its citizens even though the impact is different from one country to another, especially Indonesia certainly experiences the problem of poverty among its citizens. , With this, one Islamic teaching is actually sufficient to be a solution to the differences, namely the concept of zakat being an obligation, where rich people are the main actors and poor people are the main target so that zakat can be carried out. Before discussing zakat, let's first understand what actually is zakat? , and what is the real purpose of enforcing zakat? Zakat linguistically has the meaning of increasing or developing, while zakat according to the term is the name for a special property, owned by certain people and given to certain people. According to Dr. Nuruddin Al Khodimy in his book al-Ijtihadul Maqosidy states that one of the most important goals of zakat is to increase love between the needy and the poor so that there is no distinction between the two so that they can unite in the bonds of brotherhood in Islam. Poverty that occurs, especially in Indonesia, can actually be overcome when zakat is truly implemented and truly carried out.

Teong Negeri: Sentralitas Folklore Nama Lokal Komunitas dalam Jejaring Sosio-Kultural Islam Kristen di Maluku

This article analysis about Teong Negeri has folklore centrality of community local name of Muslim-Christian socio-cultural network in Maluku. This study is qualitative research. Data were collected through interviews, documentary studies an observation. Methods analysis employed was descriptive qualitative. In the folklore of the village Wassu of Erihatu Samasuru (Christian), it has pela of the village of Haya Nakajarimau (Muslim) which means leader (older brother) for his three brothers, the village of Hatu Silalou (Christian) and the village of Tehua Lounusa Amalatu (Muslim). Communal narratives bind and become a link to give spirit to identity because society listens to local stories about Teong Negeri that have strong meanings, believing in each other. The four villages, in central Maluku, which are Wassu, Haya, Hatu, and Tehua, use the Teong Negeri symbol as an identity to maintain relations of kinship bond. The network that was built was challenged when the religious communal conflict happened, but the spirit towards the culture was always unheld. Teong Negeri became a symbol of central identity towards the traditional village that was able to regulate the socio-cultural system of every village in Maluku. not only for every community that has a bond of brotherhood or ethnicity. However, it becomes a universal symbol when, as a socio-cultural capital that is able to bridge the community from outside (buton migrants) based on cross-generation dialogue carried out by early generations of indigenous Maluku people with Buton migrants (migrants) in Maluku in order to have knowledge about the relationship harmonious.

Amne Gine Mafatanon (We're Brothers) “The Concept of Brotherhood Amid Religious Differences Between Gamta Village and Magei West Misool District of King Ampat”

This article aims to understand how the "Amne Gine Mafatanon" treats brotherhood amidst religious differences between Gamta village and Magei village West Misool District of King Ampat Islands. Gamta Village is a Muslim village and Magei Village is a Christian village, but both villages are adjacent to the island surrounded by oceans and forests, and the two villages are separated by a road about 300 meters. In this article there are two focus questions, first how do the people of the village of gamta and magei village understand the relationship between the brothers? Secondly, why do the people of Gamta village and Magei village maintain a brotherly bond between the two? Thirdly, how is the traditional model that embraces the brotherhood values of the village gamta and magei village ?. This article usesmethods field research by obtaining primary and secondary data as supporting data in the writing of this article. The results of this study cover the ways in which the people of Kampung Gamta and Kampung Magei engage in brotherhood amidst religious differences and look at the values inherent in the tradition shared between these two villages as a bond of brotherhood.

Omega Psi Phi Fraternity and the Fight for Civil Rights

The narrative of African Americans' quest for racial equality and social justice in the twentieth century is typically construed in the context of main-line civil rights organizations -- NAACP, SCLC, SNCC, and the like. However, for decades, black fraternal networks helped lay the groundwork for the major civil rights campaigns that culminated in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Much of this history emerged from the efforts of the predecessors to black Greek-letter collegiate organizations -- black secret societies. Black secret societies were created in response to the racialization and racism experienced by blacks in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Blacks were subjected to legal, political, financial, and social exclusion, and this marginalization was institutionalized, which allowed for its perpetuation. As a result, black secret societies formed, not only as an act of self- and race-consciousness, but also to combat these oppressions. Through black secret societies, members entered into a bond of brotherhood and built a community among themselves and around the goals of racial uplift. Whereas black benevolent societies and churches also provided support, a key element that differentiated black secret societies was their organizing body. With an organizational structure that included local, regional, and national bodies, black secret societies provided an infrastructure for long-lasting organizations and impact, along with offering leadership training. This structure also solidified its power, which yielded a strong political voice. In addition to political voice, black secret societies’ power in numbers and solidarity enabled uplift through a multitude of objectives, such as buying and investing in real estate, providing educational opportunities, caring for the most marginalized within their communities, securing home and life insurance, and training for business ownership. Overall, the goal of black secret societies was threefold: first, it provided deep personal ties among members; second, it addressed exclusion both from white fraternal organizations as well as society generally; third, there was a focus on racial uplift. The influence of black secret societies can be seen through Black Greek Letter Organizations’ (“BGLOs”) organizational structure and purpose of providing support to members and the community-at-large.

A FEAST OF FOOLS: MEALTIMES AS DEMOCRATIC ACTS OF RESISTANCE AND COLLUSION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION

In Bakhtin's (1986) conception of carnivalesque the body, its contents and, by extrapolation, food, play a central role in a communication genre that acts as a form of resistance. As Cresswell and Teucher (2011) explain, the body is 'an embodied expression of community' (p. 107) and conveys participatory meaning without the need for mediation. In early childhood education contexts that are typically oriented towards 'free play,' mealtimes represent a special opportunity to understand the complex social struggles that take place through acts of the body which are typically located in the 'underground' of the educational setting (White, 2014). The 'feast of fools' marks out the significance of such events as a form of resistance and collusion between peers which utilise the teachers presence as an opportunity to resist authority and create dialogic tensions accordingly. In such cases the peer group thrives as an unmediated presence in the 'bonds of brotherhood' beyond the official, 'educative' realm in temporarily suspended moments of joy.

Development and Challenges of Ecumenical Movement in Nigeria

“The attainment of union is the concern of the whole Church, faithful and shepherds alike. This concern extends to everyone, according to his talent, whether it be exercised in his daily Christian life or in his theological and historical research. This concern itself reveals already to some extent the bond of brotherhood between all Christians and it helps toward that full and perfect unity which God in His kindness wills.” This statement from the Second Vatican Council’s Decree on Ecumenism, presents journey towards unity of all Christian as imperative for all Christians irrespective of nationality and status. This makes ecumenical movement most relevant in a pluralistic society like Nigeria with diverse cultures and tradition, different ethnic and religious sentiments. The objective of the work is to present different stages of ecumenical movement in Nigeria as well as the extent of participation and contributions of various Christian denominations at each stage of its development. This work also aims at considering those attitudes of many Christians in Nigeria that pose as challenge or stumbling block to the realization of unity among Christians. Some of which are ignorance of the teaching and practical principles of ecumenism, Christian fundamentalism and fanaticism, personal-interest, religious and ethnic sentiments which ordinarily had already created a division and mutual suspicion among Nigerian people. Bearing in mind that Christians are “salt of the earth and light of the world,” the actualization of unity among Christians in Nigeria will serve as catalyst to full realization of peace, justice and unity in Nigeria. Hence, this work propose spiritual ecumenism and Christian cooperation as practical steps to the attainment of Christian unity in Nigeria.

The Bonds of Brotherhood: New Evidence on Sino-North Korean Exchanges, 1950–1954

Drawing on recently declassified documents from the archive of the Foreign Ministry of the People's Republic of China (PRC), this article looks at China's relationship with North Korea during and immediately after the Korean War. Although previous scholarship has touched on PRC-North Korean military ties during the war, this article is the first in-depth analysis of issues that are less well understood, notably China's efforts to cope with a huge influx of refugees from North Korea, the PRC's economic assistance during the war and in the early postwar reconstruction, and Chinese educational and ideological support for North Korean professionals and party cadres. The article shows that the extensive military coordination between Beijing and Pyongyang was only one way in which the war brought North Korea and the PRC into a closer relationship.

Travelling the Empire

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide fresh insights into the meaning and experience of an imperial education and the evolving concept of empire itself in Britain during the inter‐war years. At this time, in imperially‐minded circles, the desire to preserve the cultural and political unity of the Empire was, in part, channelled into forging lasting bonds of brotherhood amongst Empire youth through education. To this end, a host of Empire‐oriented societies launched a variety of travel and exchange programmes designed to educate British youth in the importance of their imperial inheritance. Among these was the School Empire Tours (SETs; 1927‐39), a voluntary organisation led by prominent figures in government and education, which, over the course of 12 years, was responsible for the expeditions of more than 500 public schoolboys to the far flung corners of the Empire.Design/methodology/approachA contextualist methodology is employed throughout to produce a nuanced description of the concept of Empire as found within the archive, to assess the contribution made by the SETs to contemporary understandings of Empire and therein identify the significance of the organisation in the thought and practice of education across time.FindingsA discursive change is highlighted through the subtle re‐conceptualisation of Empire as a progressive and modernising force and the evolving perceptions of the tourists themselves. Moreover, the SETs appear as a microcosm of the problematic co‐existence of democratic tradition and imperial practice during a period of intense social and political flux.Originality/valueA new light is cast on the competing ideologies of imperialism and brotherhood, offering a unique perspective on the role of gender, class and race in imperial education at this time.

Comfort Living Private Limited (CLPL) - An Indian Case Study on Family Business

The family business started on 15th October 1990 with the founder Managing Director, Om Prakash engaging into construction and subsequently adding financial services. He further diversified by adding a paper mill business. The first business in construction was conceived as result of childhood dream, a result of three brothers joining together and initiating after pooling in seed money in equal proportions along with a friend. Since, the focus was more into site management as a construction agency, little technical expertise was desired. Meanwhile, the youngest brother took up service in a housing finance firm (HFF). The day time was used for the assignment with HFF, while evenings and holidays were engaged at the construction sites. An unprecedented split between the non family partner and the three brothers came in as a surprise, as the next generation demanded higher share of business based upon the contribution by each partner, which was unfortunately skewed un-proportionately. Each business partner started loosing the bonds of brother hood and family friendship. Each intended to push their next generation to heir ship, as a result of altruism. Meanwhile, the connection with HFF came in for a surprise. Om Prakash was given a franchisee for the new business in the financial services by HFF. While it progressed, the lust of money transformed the founder MD to start siphoning the additional funds into private accounts that were primarily meant for the welfare of the business. As a result of bad governance, the firm, ruptured its entire books and is now in the process of being liquidated. The family business is undergoing downfall as a result of opportunism, altruism, bounded rationality, moral hazard, adverse selection and goal dissonance.

"Bonds of Brotherhood": Pauline Hopkins and the Work of Melodrama

"Bonds of Brotherhood": Pauline Hopkins and the Work of Melodrama

Joseph Conrad and the Modern Temper

Reviewed by: Joseph Conrad and the Modern Temper Elsa Nettels Daphna Erdinast-Vulcan. Joseph Conrad and the Modern Temper. Oxford: Clarendon P, 1991. vi + 218 pp. No price given. Hawthorne’s dictum, “A hero cannot be a hero unless in an heroic world,” could have been the epigraph for this perceptive study of Conrad’s fiction. Defining Conrad as “an incurable moralist infected with the ethical relativism of his age,” Daphna Erdinast-Vulcan sees his characters engaged in “active revolt” against the “modern temper,” which confounds them in their struggle to satisfy a “desperate need” for sovereign truth and source of value. “Modernity,” here equated with the radical skepticism of Nietzsche, functions as a malevolent force—a malaise, an infection, a pathology—which subjects novelist and characters to inner conflicts impossible of resolution. To develop her thesis, Erdinast-Vulcan analyzes nine of Conrad’s novels, grouping them under three headings which identify responses of author and character to the “modern temper.” Exemplifying “the failure of myth,” the protagonists of Lord Jim, The Rescue, and Nostromo become “failed epic heroes” in their vain attempt to sustain themselves in [End Page 880] isolated communities invaded by representatives of the modern world. The second group—Marlow in “Heart of Darkness,” Razumov in Under Western Eyes, and the narrator of The Shadow Line—suffer the “failure of metaphysics” in their foredoomed effort to find a “metaphysical object,” an ultimate truth to give meaning to their lives. They find salvation in “the bond of brotherhood” and affirm their own identity in identification with a rejected “other.” The protagonists of Chance, Victory, and The Arrow of Gold experience the “failure of textuality” in the paralysis and emotional sterility induced by their habit of seeing the world as text, an illusory construct of which they are fictive spectators. The terms of the argument are familiar, but the analysis is valuable for its many illuminating insights. Erdinast-Vulcan persuasively argues that Conrad’s late novels suffer not from the resort to the devices of conventional romance, as many critics have contended, but from the surrender of Conrad and his characters to the debilitating effects of modern skepticism. She demonstrates that Jim fails on the Patna and in Patusan not because his romantic dream paralyzes him (the usual reading) but because the dream is not strong enough to sustain him. Particularly striking is her reading of Chance, which identifies Marlow as the protagonist who, through his encounter with Flora de Barral, escapes his callous cynicism and recovers his powers of feeling and action. At times the author’s thesis pushes her to questionable assertions. Does Patusan, with its degenerate rulers and rotting garbage, really exist as “a space where the heroic-mythical mode of discourse is a viable ethical and aesthetic alternative to the modern outlook”? The author declares that “for Conrad . . . there is no objective representation of reality” and that “the mode of representation is entirely subject to the consciousness of the protagonists themselves.” If this were true, the kind of tension the author analyzes would be impossible. Also questionable is the author’s attributing Conrad’s skepticism to his “temperament,” and his “personal need” for objective truth to his “moral heritage” and its “ideology.” The bifurcations seem artificial, false to the complexities of Conrad’s mind and art revealed by the analyses of the novels. Readers will continue to interpret Conrad’s fiction in terms of his ideas and beliefs, but Erdinast-Vulcan’s monograph looks back to a period of Conrad criticism that culminated in the early 1980s. The most recent work in her bibliography was published in 1987. Since then, [End Page 881] major studies grounded in postcolonial and narrative theories have taken Conrad criticism in new directions. But later works do not diminish the importance and validity of the author’s thesis and her probing analyses of Conrad’s fiction. Elsa Nettels College of William and Mary Copyright © 1994 The Purdue Research Foundation

An Islamic Framework for Employer-Employee Relationships

IntroductionIslamic teachings envisage a balanced society achieved through thefunctioning of Islamic institutions. This paper visualizes three main institutions:ukhiwah, ‘adl, and ihsan. Ukhuwah (brotherhood) promotes the bonds ofbrotherhood, and ‘adl (justice) enforces a system of individual and socialobligations. Islam stresses the importance of meeting one’s obligations, becauseeach obligation has its corresponding right. Thus, an individual’s effort to meethidher obligations leads to the fulfillment of everyone’s rights. This does notmean that Islam forbids one from demanding hidher rights, even though thisdemand does pose a problem related to human nature: an individual wants his/herrights and also some part of another person’s rights. Therefore, one group’sdemand for its rights tends to encroach upon the rights of another group, whichcauses social friction and disorder. The institution of ihsan (benevolence) goesone step further: it exhorts individuals to forego their rights for the sake of others,which is considered an act of piety.This paper will study employer-employee relationships in the light of thethree institutions mentioned above. A framework for conducting employer-employeerelationships is formulated and is then used to determine, from theIslamic point of view, the proper wages. The findings of this paper show thatan economically efficient and equitable wage structure can evolve within thisframework and that such a wage structure would promote the parties’ mutualrelationships which, in turn, would lead to industrial peace.The body of the paper is organized as follows: a review of the existingliterature on the subject, the development of an Islamic framework for employer-employeerelationships, a discussion of the Islamic approach to wagecompensation, and some concluding remarks ...

‘The fettering bonds of brotherhood’: Combination and labour relations in the scottish coal‐mining industryc.1690–1775

(1987). ‘The fettering bonds of brotherhood’: Combination and labour relations in the scottish coal‐mining industry c. 1690–1775. Social History: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 139-154.

Letter to the Editor

LETTER TO THE EDITOR Dear Sir: In addition to the observation discussed on page 440, this issue ??Perspectives in Biology and Mediane, I have noticed a phenomenon occurringjust at the instant I am losing consciousness and going to sleep. It indicates how neuromotor as well as sensory events are influenced by attention. It relates to the gentle art of snoring. When I am in the never-never land between being awake but drowsy and truly asleep, I can feel and hear a noise during one or rarely two exhalations, when the tensor of the veil ofmy palate on one side relaxes. If I am lying on one side the musculus tensor vali palatini goes limp. It is always on the upper side. An exhalation produces an audible snore. If I let go I may go on and go to sleep, snoring for a bit, or the noise may wake me and the muscle tighten again so that the flutter valve effect disappears. If I concentrate on this, I do not go to sleep and it does not happen. It is when I am not paying attention that it suddenly intrudes upon my awareness and I arouse. It ceases. I came to observe this phenomenon when studying the unilateral sweating reflex which can normally be induced when the environmental temperature is such that the body is warm enough to excite perspiration [I]. If the temperature gets to the sweat range while one is already lying on one side, the lower side does not start sweating. If one is already sweating in a prone or supine position, or in an upright position or seated, and assumes a lying position on one side, the down side promptly stops sweating. It was in observing this that I first noticed the onset of unilateral snoring. Kuno [2], the Japanese physiologist, has observed that unilateral sweating is not necessarily a gravitational or orthostatic effect, since persons induced to sweat in the upright position will cease sweating on one side or will not develop sweating on one side when lateral pressure is applied. Thus, it is a baroreceptor phenomenon. If one has mild congestion of the nose, lying on the side tends to clear the upper nostril while the lower one tends to become congested and perhaps obstructed. Thus, at the beginning of a cold it is possible by shifting positions to keep the nostrils open or at least to keep one or the other open in alternating sequence. I described the unilateral sweating and the change in the nasal airway caliber in my book on Rare Diseases and Lesions [I]. Though I made both observations independently, unilateral sweating and the change in the nasal airway are well known to people who have studied such aspects of human physiology. Permission to reprint a letter printed in this section may be obtained only from the author. 508 Letter to the Editor REFERENCES 1.Bean, W. B. Rare Diseases and Lesions. Springfield, 111.: Charles C. Thomas. 2.Kuno, Y. Human Perspiration. Springfield, 111.: Charles C. Thomas. William B. Bean Department ofInternal Medicine University Hospitah Iowa City, Iowa 52240 "Ofa truth, men are mystically united, a mysterious bond ofbrotherhood makes all men one." [Carlyle] "It is generally believed today that life began in the sea . . ." [Baldwin— Comparative Biochemwtry] THE DREAM FISH The heart measures time like a sentient clock. Tight in the joy and the pain of its rhythm. As it beats, does the sea still move within us, Sweeping the shores of a distant consciousness? The blood should remember what the brain is too young to know. The sound of magic thunder, the smell of the rock, the taste of earth. For deep beneath the living waters the dream fish move. Their nerves thick with the sorrow of an inarticulate desire. Their secret, silent voices whispering down our veins. Celebrating the splendor and the wonder of man. Sharing the sun-warmth of a single skin, Breathing the sea tide of a common blood. Irwin M. Siegel Perspectives in Biology and Medicine · Spring 1981 | 509 ...

A Socialist Dilemma

Accounts of the disintegration of the Second International correctly stress the impact of World War I. But they emphasise also that its failure began in the years before 1914:x war merely exposed the 'hollowness of its pre tensions to override the national loyalties of workers'.2 Whether inter nationalism is seen as an empty delusion or as a promising experiment ended prematurely by war, there is general agreement that in the years before 1914 the gap between internationalist aspirations and the national experiences of constituent elements widened steadily until with the onset of war nationalism obliterated the fragile 'bond of brotherhood' on which the Second International depended.3 Explanations of the gap have concentrated on imperialism, militarism, chauvinism and patriotism. Strangely they have neglected racism. If the experience of one of its constituent organisations, the Victorian Socialist Party (vsp) is any guide, racism was important in the steady erosion of internationalism : the vsp failed not only in its intention to persuade the Australian working class and its institutions to oppose racism but also to hold its own members to such a position. Racism, not war, crippled the internationalist pretensions of the vsp. Initially the vsp, founded in 1905, was unique among Australian political organisations for its explicit opposition to racism. Racial tolerance was re garded as an essential component of the internationalism which set it apart from the orthodox labour movement.4 Most obviously this reflected the personal convictions of the Party's early leaders, especially Tom Mann who argued that Australia's isolation had intensified British racial insularity and produced a labour movement materially successful but lacking worthy

The Language of Communication and Cooperation

The outstanding minds of mankind have dreamed for centuries about the bright day when all peoples, forged together into a single family by a solid bond of brotherhood, should in one joint effort of friendship create a society of peace, work, freedom, equality, and happiness.

Eumenius of Autun

Autun stands on the left bank of the Arroux, in the north-western corner of the département of Saône-et-Loire. Mont Beuvray, about fifteen miles away, roughly to the west, preserves the name of Bibracte, the capital of the Aedui. About forty years after the meeting at Bibracte of the assembly which, to the annoyance of the Aedui, conferred the command of the Gallic forces upon Vercingetorix (Caesar, B.G. vii. 63), the ancient capital was abolished. Its inhabitants were transferred to the newly established Augustodunum, a specimen of bureaucratic town-planning on an ambitious scale, perpetuating the name of the ruler under whom it was conceived. The Aedui had long been on specially friendly terms with Rome. Caesar (B.G. i. 33. 2) and Tacitus (Ann. xi. 25. 2.) refer to the ‘bond of brotherhood’ between the two states, and Tacitus (ibid.) mentions an ‘ancient treaty’, which must have been in existence as early as 121 B.C. (Livy, Epit. 61, ‘Aeduorum … sociorum populi Romani’). This ‘fraternity’ was still remembered in the fourth century A.D. (see Panegyrici Latini, viii (W. Baehrens, v), 2, ‘plurimis senatusconsultis fratres populi Romani appellati sunt’). That an anti-Roman party, however, existed is shown by the activities of Dumnorix (Caesar, B.G. i. 9. 16–20 and v. 6–7), and an Aeduan, Iulius Sacrouir, was one of the leaders in the Gallic revolt against Tiberius in A.D. 21 (Tacitus, Ann. iii. 40–46). Nothing in Tacitus' account of this event is more interesting than his evidence for the fact that in A.D. 21 Augustodunum was already what we should call a University town—‘Augustodunum caput gentis armatis cohortibus Sacrouir occupauerat ut nobilissimam Galliarum subolem, liberalibus studiis ibi operatam, et eo pignore parentes propinquosque eorum adiungeret; simul arma occulte fabricata iuuentuti dispertit’ (ibid. 43).

Blood and Soil

THE history of mankind is largely a story of the conflict of man's ideals, or, as the cynic would say, of his illusions. Of these the most potent, and in the long run the most enduring, are those affording the herd instinct fullest opportunity for play. This instinct, binding individuals by a bond of brotherhood in communities armed at all points for attack and defence, is at once self-regarding and altruistic. Appealing to both sides of human nature, in the struggle for existence it is the most effective of all the means of survival.