Bonds In Molecules Research Articles

Gliphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in the environment and their microbial transformation

Analysis of domestic and international literature indicates that the global use of glyphosate (GP), due to its effectiveness, low price and creation of herbicide-resistant agricultural crop varieties, resulted in nearly universal presence of the rest quantities of the herbicide and its main metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (АМPA) in the environment: air, soil, water and crop products. Scientific information on glyphosate influence on the environment and living organisms is presented in this paper. The necessity is substantiated for periodic remediation for reducing the negative consequences of the repeated application of herbicide and detoxification of its residual quantities with the use of destructor-bacteria, capable of decomposing glyphosate and AMPA to ecologically safe compounds. The ways for glyphosate microbial transformation are reviewed. Ecologically safe detoxification assumes the use of bacterial destructors, which are destroying the phosphonic bond in glyphosate molecule. Although the bacteria of different genera are showing capacity for GP biodegradation, commercial products for the safe detoxification of glyphosate have not yet been developed due to the high level of strain specificity associated with the different ways of GF catabolism. The most perspective is the search for GP and AMPA destructors among rhizosphere bacteria, intended for application as inoculants. Complexity of the problem of GP and AMPA detoxification as well as the high level of strain specificity of bacterial destructors significantly restrain development of commercial preparations for GP and AMPA detoxification.

Solvent-Free Hydroxylation of Unactivated C–H Bonds in Small Molecules and Macromolecules by a Fe Complex

Solvent-Free Hydroxylation of Unactivated C–H Bonds in Small Molecules and Macromolecules by a Fe Complex

Blackening failure of poly-α-olefin impregnated porous polymide due to the splitting of lubrication oil catalyzed by iron

Lubrication failure accompanying with blackening phenomenon significantly reduces the long-running operational reliability of porous polymide (PPI) lubricated with poly-α-olefin (PAO) oil. Here, the effects of lubrication condition and counter-surface chemistry on the blackening failure of PAO impregnated PPI were studied through the comparison of the tribological tests against GCr15 steel ball and Al2O3 ceramic ball with and without PAO oil lubrication. Black products were found to be formed on the PAO impregnated PPI surface slid against steel ball or Al2O3 ball added with iron nano-particles, but be absent under the conditions without iron or PAO oil. Further analysis indicated that the iron-catalyzed splitting of PAO oil into small molecule alkanes and following the formation of black organic matter should be mainly responsible for the blackening phenomenon. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations demonstrated that the iron facilitated the separation of hydrogen atom and the following broken of C-C bonds in PAO molecules, final resulting in the splitting of PAO oil.

Study on the mechanism of interaction between cations and the surface of nano-SiO2 particle in the salt solution by using molecular dynamics simulation

Nano-SiO2 solution has great potential for application in the field of oil and gas exploration and development. However, its application is restricted due to the aggregation of nano-SiO2 in stratum water. This paper studies the process of interaction between nano-SiO2 particles and salt solutions by using the molecular dynamics simulation experiments, including the characteristics of transportation and diffusion of cations around the nano SiO2, the effect of cations on the recombination and destruction of hydrogen bonds, the interaction energy between cations and nano SiO2. The main results are as follows. During the transportation and diffusion of cations in the solution, the hydrogen bonds of water molecules are broken, so that the hydrogen bonds can be rearranged, and a stable solvated layer can be formed. In the solvated layer, the repulsive force of solvation can prevent the charge exchange between cation and the charged surface of nano SiO2 particle. Compared with the monovalent salt solution, more divalent cations can break through the solvation layer to generate the charge exchange on the surface of nano-SiO2 particle. More divalent cations can conduct small amplitude oscillation movement near the surface of nano-SiO2 particle due to the strong electrostatic effect. When the concentration of salt solution is increased (3000 mg/L → 7000 mg/L) and the valence of cations is increased (monovalent → bivalent), the hydrogen bond is easier to break through the solvation layer to gather on the surface of nano SiO2 particles, which is unfavorable to the stability of nano SiO2 particles. When the cations transport to the position of 7 Å away from the surface of nano-SiO2 particles, the short-range force (including hydrogen bond force, van der Waals force, and electrostatic force) begins to affect the movement of cations. When the cations transport to the position of 2 ∼ 3 Å away from the surface of nano-SiO2 particles, the charge exchange occurs between cations and the surface of nano SiO2 particle, so that the local energy is increased and the cation continues to oscillate. In summary, with the increasing of concentration of salt solution and the valence state, more cations can break through the solvation layer to be adsorbed on the surface of nano SiO2 particle, showing that the ability of transportation and diffusion of cations is weakened, the interaction energy between nano SiO2 particle and salt solution molecules is enhanced. The electrostatic force is the main force to destroy the stability of nano SiO2 particle. The conclusions can provide a certain theoretical basis for the efficient application of nano-SiO2 materials in the field of oil and gas exploration and development and other interrelated industry.

High performance catalyst for metal catalysis coupled with photocatalysis and its catalytic ammonia borane methanolysis for hydrogen production

In the study, the influence and mechanisms of metal and non-metal dopants on the photochemical properties of the semiconductor catalyst g-C3N4 are investigated. The results reveal that doping Ni, Ru, and B on g-C3N4 results in significant alterations to the energy band structure, the band gap value decreases to 0.78 eV (Ru@g-C3N4), 0.69 eV (Ni@g-C3N4), 0.5 eV (RuB@B-g-C3N4), and 0.1 eV (NiB@B-g-C3N4) from the original value of 1.139 eV. The doping of metal and non-metal atoms can significantly enhance the light absorption capability and photothermal conversion efficiency of B-g-C3N4. The mechanism of ammonia borane (AB) dehydrogenation follows the stepwise dehydrogenation principle. AB molecules adsorb onto the active metal centers, and with the assistance of the catalytic sites, CH3OH molecules activate and attack the B–N bond in AB molecules, leading to the initial breakage of the B–N bond, the interaction between O atoms in CH3OH and N atoms in AB continues, forming NH3BH2(OCH3). Interactions between H(B) and H(O) result in the production of H2, the energy barrier for this reaction is 34.14 kcal/mol. Compared to dark conditions, RuB@B-g-C3N4 exhibits higher catalytic activity under light irradiation, the reaction time from 9′20″ reduce to 8′. This shows that there is a synergistic effect between photocatalytic AB methanolysis and conventional metal catalyzed AB methanolysis in the RuB@B-g-C3N4 catalytic system. The study provides the novel way for the development of dual-function catalysts combining metal catalysis and photocatalysis through Ru and B modification of g-C3N4.

Study on ESIPT process of fluorescence probe BT-ITC for detecting H2S in DMF/H2O mixed solution

A probe molecule named BT-ITC with an isothiocyanate group was synthesized and evaluated for its H2S sensing ability based on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process J K Kim, S Y Bong, R Park, J Park, D Ok Jang 2022 An ESIPT-based fluorescent turn-on probe with isothiocyanate for detecting hydrogen sulfide in environmental and biological systems, Spectrochimica Acta Part A 278 121333. The BT-ITC molecule has a large Stokes shift, short response time, and low detection limit. The end result of the reaction between the molecules BT-ITC and H2S is the BTC-NH2 molecule. The hydrogen bond of the Enol structure BTC-NH2 molecule in excited-state (S1 state) is strengthened, compared to the ground-state (S0 state). The calculated absorption and fluorescence spectra were in good agreement with the experimental values. The frontier molecule orbitals (FMOs), the potential energy curve (PEC), and scatter plots of reduced density gradient (RDG) were calculated. According to aforementioned, it was discovered that the charges of BTC-NH2 molecule were rearranged via an electron transition brought on by photoexcitation. This changes the acidity and alkaline of the proton donor and acceptor, and thus promotes the ESIPT process.

Platinum Surface Water Orientation Dictates Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Kinetics in Alkaline Media.

The fundamental understanding of sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics on a platinum (Pt) surface in alkaline media is a topic of considerable debate. Herein, we combine cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrical transport spectroscopy (ETS) approaches to probe the Pt surface at different pH values and develop molecular-level insights into the pH-dependent HER kinetics in alkaline media. The change in HER Tafel slope from ∼110 mV/decade in pH 7-10 to ∼53 mV/decade in pH 11-13 suggests considerably enhanced kinetics at higher pH. The ETS studies reveal a similar pH-dependent switch in the ETS conductance signal at around pH 10, suggesting a notable change of surface adsorbates. Fixed-potential calculations and chemical bonding analysis suggest that this switch is attributed to a change in interfacial water orientation, shifting from primarily an O-down configuration below pH 10 to a H-down configuration above pH 10. This reorientation weakens the O-H bond in the interfacial water molecules and modifies the reaction pathway, leading to considerably accelerated HER kinetics at higher pH. Our integrated studies provide an unprecedented molecular-level understanding of the nontrivial pH-dependent HER kinetics in alkaline media.

Meteorological Data and Spectral Analyses of Non-Equilibrium Processes in Water during the Total Solar Eclipse of 11.08.1999 in Bulgaria

There are partial or total solar eclipses every year on our planet. They are observed from relatively small areas. From 1950 to 2100, three total solar eclipses fell within the territory of Bulgaria. The two solar eclipses from the 20th century were observed on 15.02.1961 and 11.08.1999. The next total solar eclipse will happen on 3.09.2081. The partial solar eclipses in Bulgaria were on 3.10.2005, 29.03.2006, 1.09.2008, 4.01.2011, and 25.10.2022. The question of the influence of solar eclipses on the Earth’s atmosphere, water, and living organisms is an area of interest for many researchers. In this connection, studies have been conducted on atmospheric and water parameters during partial and total solar eclipses. Most investigations were performed with meteorological data – temperature and humidity. In the last 30 years, other methods have also been applied for the investigations of solar eclipses – spectral methods with infrared (IR) spectroscopy, studies of magnetic and electric fields, polarization, and measurements of the parameters of the fluids in plants. Our studies have used meteorological methods and analyses. For the effects on the water, spectral methods are applied to the non-equilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and differential non-equilibrium spectrum (DNES). A deionized water sample examined during the solar eclipse on 11.08.1999 was used, aiming to analyze the parameters of NES and DNES. The deionized water control sample was tested on 10.08.1999 at the same time as the solar eclipse of the next day. The results of our research show relatively rapid and significant changes in air parameters during a solar eclipse, which are most prominent immediately after its culmination. The conditions of non-equilibrium arising during the solar eclipse allow for studying the restructuring of the hydrogen bonds of water molecules. The results of the current studies prove that the solar eclipse’s significantly affect water which is the primary substance in the Nature and living organisms. These data are consistent with other ones which also prove that, during a solar eclipse, the structure of water undergoes significant changes. By influencing the water, this natural phenomenon affects the whole Nature and all living organisms on the planet.

Synergistic effects of hybrid microfibers on mechanical, thermal, and microstructural characterization of nanocomposites.

The use of geopolymers (GP) in cementitious composites provides a solution to reduce the significant carbon emissions associated with conventional cement production, thereby advancing environmentally friendly concrete construction practices. The promise of hybrid fiber-reinforced fly ash (FA)-based GP (HFGP) composites that combine microfibers and nanoparticles has not yet been fully comprehended. This research aims to enhance the mechanical and microstructural properties of HFGP blends by varying the proportion of nano calcium carbonate ( ). The production of HFGP involved the use of two types of fibers: 1% carbon fibers and 0.5% basalt fibers. To achieve HFGP blends with a consistent fiber ratio, we incorporated four different levels of , comprising 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of the mixture. The analysis of fractured samples encompassed microstructural and mineralogical characterization, which was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results unveiled that the HFGP blend containing 3% exhibited the highest levels of hardness, compressive strength, toughness modulus, and flexural strength while the use of 2% produced the highest results for fracture toughness and impact strength. SEM analysis illustrated that had a significant positive impact on the microstructure of GP. A considerable rise in hump intensity between 20 and 40°C ( ) was also seen in the XRD examination, indicating that calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) had formed after the primary binder, such as sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (NASH), had been present. The stretching of O-H bonds in water molecules was also seen in the HFGP spectra at 3399, 3436, 3436, and 3438cm-1. Due to the higher water content in the HFGP network, which may influence the material's strength, these bands were more apparent and larger in specimens with additions of nanoparticles and hybrid fibers.

Molecular dimer junctions forming: Role of disulfide bonds and electrode‐compression‐time

AbstractThanks to their excellent bond strength, phenyl‐based molecules with thiol anchoring groups are extensively employed to form stable single‐molecule junctions. However, two critical questions are still not answered which seriously hinder high‐yield establishing reliable molecular functional devices: (1) Whether molecular dimer junctions will be formed, and if this is the case, whether the dimerization is caused by intermolecular disulfide bonds or π–π stacking of phenyl rings; (2) Upon a mechanical‐compression force, is it possible that both anchoring groups of the molecule bond to the same electrode instead of bridging two opposite electrodes, which would drastically reduce the yield of the molecular junctions. Here, combining UV‐Vis/Raman spectroscopy of bulk molecules and conductance/flicker‐noise measurements of single molecules, we give compelling evidence that molecular dimers naturally form under ambient conditions, primarily via disulfide bonds rather than by π–π stacking. We further proposed a technique, named electrode‐compression‐hold‐on (ECHO), and reveal that the two thiol groups of phenyl‐backboned molecules will bond to the same electrode upon a compression force with a prolongated ECHO time. In contrast, the compression‐time‐dependent phenomenon is not observed for alkyl‐backboned molecules. The underlying mechanism for these unprecedented observations is elucidated, shedding light on the yield of molecular junctions.

Investigation of the role of sodium chloride on wheat starch multi-structure, physicochemical and digestibility properties during X-ray irradiation

In this paper, different NaCl content was added to wheat starch and then subjected to X-ray irradiation to investigate the effect of salt on starch modification by irradiation. The results showed that the degradation of wheat starch intensified with the increase in irradiation dose. When irradiated at the same dose, wheat starch with sodium chloride produced shorter chains, lower molecular weight and amylose content, and higher crystallinity, solubility, and resistant starch than wheat starch without sodium chloride. The energy generated by X-rays dissociating sodium chloride caused damage to the glycoside bonds of the starch molecule. With a further increase in the mass fraction of NaCl, the hydrogen bonds of the starch molecules were broken, and the double helix structure was depolymerized, which exacerbated the extent of irradiation-modified wheat starch. At the same time, starch molecules will be rearranged to form a more stable structure.

Quantum Drude oscillators coupled with Coulomb potential as an efficient model for bonded and non-covalent interactions in atomic dimers.

The quantum Drude oscillator (QDO) model has been widely used as an efficient surrogate to describe the electric response properties of matter as well as long-range interactions in molecules and materials. Most commonly, QDOs are coupled within the dipole approximation so that the Hamiltonian can be exactly diagonalized, which forms the basis for the many-body dispersion method [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 236402 (2012)]. The dipole coupling is efficient and allows us to study non-covalent many-body effects in systems with thousands of atoms. However, there are two limitations: (i) the need to regularize the interaction at short distances with empirical damping functions and (ii) the lack of multipolar effects in the coupling potential. In this work, we convincingly address both limitations of the dipole-coupled QDO model by presenting a numerically exact solution of the Coulomb-coupled QDO model by means of quantum Monte Carlo methods. We calculate the potential-energy surfaces of homogeneous QDO dimers, analyzing their properties as a function of the three tunable parameters: frequency, reduced mass, and charge. We study the coupled-QDO model behavior at short distances and show how to parameterize this model to enable an effective description of chemical bonds, such as the covalent bond in the H2 molecule.

Molecule aging induced by electron attacking

Here we propose a new concept of “molecule aging”: with some special treatment, a molecule could be “aged” by losing some unknown tiny particles or pieces from atoms in the molecule. Such “aging” or loss of unknown tiny particles does not change apparently its molecular structure or chemical composition, but some physicochemical properties could be changed irreversibly. We further confirm such “molecule aging” via a long-term electron attacking to age water (H2O) molecules. The IR spectra show no structural difference between the fresh water and the aged one, while the NMR spectra show that the electron attacking can decrease the size of water clusters. Such facts indicate that the electron attacking indeed can “affect” the structure of water molecule slightly but without damaging to its basic molecule frame. Further exploration reveals that the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of the aged water molecule is lower than the fresh water on the same Pt/C electrocatalyst. The density functional theory calculations indicate that the shortened O–H bond in H2O indeed can present lower HER activity, so the observed size decrease of water clusters from NMR probably could be attributed to the shortening of O–H bond in water molecules. Such results indicate significantly that the molecule aging can produce materials with new functions for new possible applications.

Hydrogen bonds of a water molecule in the second coordination sphere of amino acid metal complexes: influence of amino acid types on different complex geometries

Quantum chemical calculations at the M06L-GD3/def2-TZVPP level were done to investigate hydrogen bonds between amino acid metal complexes and a free water molecule. Octahedral nickel(II) and square planar palladium(II) complexes of glycine, cysteine, phenylalanine, and serine with different charges of metal complexes (+1, 0, and −1) were investigated. The following hydrogen bonds were considered: NH/O (amino acid is a H-donor), O1/HO (coordinated O1 oxygen from amino acid is a H-acceptor), and O2/HO (non-coordinated O2 oxygen from amino acid is a H-acceptor). Amino acid type has a small influence on interaction energies, both for octahedral nickel(II) and square planar palladium(II) complexes. The influence is the largest for NH/O and the smallest for O2/HO hydrogen bonds. For NH/O interaction, palladium(II) complexes showed stronger hydrogen bonds than nickel(II), up to −11.8 kcal mol−1 for singly positively charged complexes. Nickel(II) complexes demonstrated higher O1/HO hydrogen bond strength than palladium(II) with interaction energies up to −8.9 kcal mol−1 for singly negative complexes. With up to −9.0 kcal mol−1 interaction energy for singly negative complexes, O2/HO interactions were also stronger for nickel(II) complexes than palladium(II).

Ethylenediamine modulate bonding interaction of solvation structure for wide-temperature aqueous ammonium-ion capacitor

Aqueous ammonium-ion capacitors (AAICs) are promising for large-scale energy storage owing to low cost and inherent safety, while their practical applications are suffered from performance under extreme environment. Low ion conductivity and high viscosity, as well as freezing of the electrolyte, are the main issues for the electrochemical performance failure at low temperatures. In this work, the AAICs were assembled with commercial carbon electrodes and antifreeze electrolyte, where the electrolyte with a freezing point lower than −115 °C is developed by using Ethylenediamine (EDA) as an additive with a volume ratio of 50 % to an aqueous solution of 0.5 M NH4Cl. This antifreeze electrolyte displays a superior ionic conductivity of 8.58 mS cm−1 and a weaker viscosity of 8.16 mPa s at low temperatures. Furthermore, the spectroscopic investigations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate that the addition of EDA can break the hydrogen bonds of water molecules and modulate the solvation structure. Therefore, the assembled AAICs with electrolytes of 0.5 M NH4Cl (50 %-EDA) could be operated at wide-temperature conditions steadily, exhibiting excellent capacity, rate performance and good cycling stability. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for wide-temperature energy storage devices.

Synergistic removal of dimethoate through adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation in the presence of FeTiO3@Ag/Ag2O heterojunction

Combining adsorption and photocatalysis as a synergistic technique has become a research trend since adsorption is a prerequisite for photocatalytic surface reactions. In this study, a Z-scheme heterojunction FeTiO3@Ag/Ag2O with local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect was fabricated for the removal of dimethoate from water. Under visible light irradiation, dimethoate could be completely removed within 75 min in the presence of 0.3 g/L FeTiO3@Ag/Ag2O (with Ag2O percentage of 10 wt%). High removal efficiency of dimethoate was mainly attributed to the synergistic effect between the large specific surface area of the catalyst (160.695 m2/g), the formation of heterojunction of FeTiO3 and Ag2O, and the LSPR effect of metal Ag, which reinforced the absorption of visible light and promoted the separation and transfer of the carriers. Radicals of O2− and OH were the main reactive groups triggered the photocatalytic degradation process of dimethoate. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations indicate that PS and P–S bonds in the dimethoate molecule were more susceptible to be attacked by reactive groups. The degradation pathways mainly include oxidation of PS bond and cleavage of P–S bond, and the toxicity of most intermediates was reduced when compared with the parent compound. This study exploited the role of adsorption and photocatalysis in the field of pollutant removal, and provides ideas for the preparation of bifunctional photocatalysts.

Tailoring the surface acidity of catalyst to enhance nonthermal plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis rates

We report nonthermal plasma-assisted catalytic ammonia synthesis from N2 and H2 molecules at near ambient conditions in a custom-built coaxial dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor. Here, we strategically designed catalysts to facilitate dissociation of strong nitrogen bond and desorption of NH3 molecules. This work demonstrates the use of empty orbitals of boron doped in graphitic carbon nitride (BCN) to activate nitrogen molecules, by creating electron-deficient sites, under nonthermal plasma conditions. Transition metals (Co and Fe) further contribute to the ammonia generation by altering the amount of weak acid sites of the BCN catalyst. As a result, at 20.16 kJ L−1, the maximum ammonia synthesis rate of ∼2.48mmolg−1h−1 was achieved by Co-BCN that corresponds to energy efficiency of 2.09 g-NH3 kWh−1, which was ca. 2.89-folds higher than that of plasma only. Evidently, dual mechanisms at play, leading to enhanced ammonia synthesis rates. Our strategy of tailoring catalyst structure provides a roadmap for engineering synergy with nonthermal plasma towards targeted applications.

Increased Readiness for Water Splitting: NiO-Induced Weakening of Bonds in Water Molecules as Possible Cause of Ultra-Low Oxygen Evolution Potential.

The development of non-precious metal-based electrodes that actively and stably support the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis systems remains a challenge, especially at low pH levels. The recently published study has conclusively shown that the addition of haematite to H2SO4 is a highly effective method of significantly reducing oxygen evolution overpotential and extending anode life. The far superior result is achieved by concentrating oxygen evolution centres on the oxide particles rather than on the electrode. However, unsatisfactory Faradaic efficiencies of the OER and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) parts as well as the required high haematite load impede applicability and upscaling of this process. Here it is shown that the same performance is achieved with three times less metal oxide powder if NiO/H2SO4 suspensions are used along with stainless steel anodes. The reason for the enormous improvement in OER performance by adding NiO to the electrolyte is the weakening of the intramolecular O─H bond in the water molecules, which is under the direct influence of the nickel oxide suspended in the electrolyte. The manipulation of bonds in water molecules to increase the tendency of the water to split is a ground-breaking development, as shown in this first example.

Coordination-induced O-H/N-H bond weakening by a redox non-innocent, aluminum-containing radical

Several renewable energy schemes aim to use the chemical bonds in abundant molecules like water and ammonia as energy reservoirs. Because the O-H and N-H bonds are quite strong (>100 kcal/mol), it is necessary to identify substances that dramatically weaken these bonds to facilitate proton-coupled electron transfer processes required for energy conversion. Usually this is accomplished through coordination-induced bond weakening by redox-active metals. However, coordination-induced bond weakening is difficult with earth’s most abundant metal, aluminum, because of its redox inertness under mild conditions. Here, we report a system that uses aluminum with a redox non-innocent ligand to achieve significant levels of coordination-induced bond weakening of O-H and N-H bonds. The multisite proton-coupled electron transfer manifold described here points to redox non-innocent ligands as a design element to open coordination-induced bond weakening chemistry to more elements in the periodic table.

THE IMPACT OF CHAOTIC FLUX REFLECTION FIELD ON HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION OF WATER ELECTROLYSIS

Water electrolysis promises the capability to produce green hydrogen in the future. The efficiency and hydrogen evolution reaction rate (HER) of water electrolysis can be improved through magnetic field assisted electrolysis. External magnetic field exposure improves hydrogen production without requiring complex catalyst synthesis technique. The purpose of this study is to introduce chaos into a magnetic field assisted electrolysis system which disturbs the water molecules stability. The chaos effect was triggered by irregular flux reflection technique. The flux reflection was generated using diamagnetic tourmaline stones which sticked all over the electrolyzer wall. Consequently, the rotational speed of DMF does not reduce the effectiveness of chaotic flux. As a result, the hydrogen bond of the water molecules is destabilized irregularly. In conjuction with that, the bonds are unable to be reformed which make the water molecules continuously in movement. The critical effect of chaotic flux is the shear force that experienced by water molecules. The paramagnetic OH- ion movement is also slowed down so that H+ ion and electrons interaction were occurred in less restrictive manner. Hence, the chaotic magnetic field able to improve HER. The chaotic flux reflection improves hydrogen production in magnetic field assisted water electrolysis through water properties and ion transfer mechanism modification.