Bomet County Research Articles

Performance Measurement and Effective Communication: Strategic to Service Delivery

The Bomet County Government is experiencing difficulties in providing efficient services and should integrate performance contracting as a means of enhancing it. The objective was to establish the effect of performance measurement and effective communication, on service delivery. The study used the expectancy, goal-setting and new public management theories. Explanatory research design was used with a sample of 70 management staff selected out of a target population of 260. The research employed a semi-structured questionnaire to gather data, which was subsequently analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicated that performance measurement and effective communication had significant effect on service delivery. Accountability resulted in the timely completion of projects and innovation improved project prioritization. The study suggested that enhancing communication strategies and reassessing performance evaluation methods could help enhance service delivery

Seasonal variation in pesticide residue occurrences in surface waters found in Narok and Bomet Counties, Kenya.

Narok and Bomet are agricultural counties in Kenya which depend on flowing surface waters for farming activities. Agrochemicals have frequently been used to increase agricultural produce in this region. Occasionally, appropriate pesticide utilization measures are not followed. These surface waters are also consumed domestically by humans, livestock, and wild animals thus posing safety concerns to them. The current study sought to evaluate the levels and nature of pesticide residues found in surface waters in the dry and wet seasons of these counties. Eight water samples were collected in July (dry season) and October (wet season) at four different river sites in each of the two counties predetermined by the agricultural activity of its proximate environs. Pesticides extracted by solid phase extraction were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. At least 38 different pesticides were detected in the two counties with the highest concentration being recorded for chlorpyrifos and piperidine in Narok and Bomet counties, respectively. The pesticides chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, and cyhalothrin were more prevalent in Narok County while triazine, semicarbazone, and epinephrine were more prevalent in Bomet County. There were significantly more pesticides detected during the wet season (P ≤ 0.05). Out of the nine prevalent pesticides detected, four of them posed serious ecotoxicology concerns with risk quotients above 1.0 (high risk); thus, there is a need for more government policy interventions in deterring farming near riparian lands and in training of famers regarding best practice for pesticide applications.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING GEOGEBRA AND GRAPES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN BOMET COUNTY, KENYA

Mathematics teaching and learning are crucial to the future of Kenya’s knowledge economy and deserve a special focus in our education system. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using Grapes and GeoGebra on students’ learning of graphs as compared to the traditional approach. This study was guided by Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989). Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) explains computer-usage behavior that relates to reasons why some people use computers and their attitudes towards them. This study adopted Solomon four group experimental research design. The respondents were selected using both stratified and simple random sampling. Data was collected through the use of students’ questionnaires, pre-test and post-test. Analysis of data was done using both descriptive and inferential statistics. For descriptive statistics, frequency tables, means and percentages were used. Anova, t-test and Multiple Regression Analysis were employed for the inferential statistics. The study found out that the students who were taught using Grapes and GeoGebra performed much better than those who were taught using the conventional method. It is recommended that ICT integration in the teaching of Mathematics should be included in the curriculum of pre-service teachers at the university level.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0069/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

A GENDER PERSPECTIVE IN MITIGATING FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD PRODUCTION RESILIENCE IN BOMET COUNTY, KENYA

The emergence and rapid spread of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa having spread from its Native American since 2016 seriously threatens the food crop production of millions of smallholder farmers. In December 2016, the Kenyan government started experiencing the invasion of FAW threatening the food crop production in the country. Smallholder farmers have different household setups with gender differentials towards managements of any new invasive crop pests including FAW. From literature reviews, fall armyworm invasion can affect food production to zero production if not properly managed but there are gaps on effects of fall armyworm within different headed households by gender prompting the study on effects of fall armyworm invasion on food production between differentiated headed households in Bomet County, Kenya. Data was collected using multiple approaches including interviews on households and key informants, focus group discussions and observations. A household baseline survey and focus group discussions were done using a structured questionnaire and checklist where a total of 384 respondents were enumerated. The study result showed that the management of fall armyworm are gender specific with different gender roles and activities being used. Therefore, gender specific programs and different headed households should be approached differently during agricultural production using an effective network of extension and advisory which provides technical advice on management of new invasive pests towards food production and environmental resilience

Influence of school resources on boy child dropout rate in public secondary schools in Chepalungu Sub-County, Bomet County, Kenya

This research work aimed to look into problems faced by boy children in secondary schools. Despite the overwhelming strategies and involvement by the government of Kenya to limit the successive dropout rate in public secondary schools, the rising figure of boy children failing to complete the offered secondary school cycle is intensifying at an alarming rate. The specific objective of this exploration sought to look into the influence of school resources on the boy child dropout rate in public secondary schools in Chepalungu Sub County. This study was guided by the system theory advanced by Bertalanffy (1968). The descriptive survey research design was anchored in the research work. Exploration was carried out in the Chepalungu sub-county, Kenya. The target population consisted of 78 principals of secondary schools in the Chepalungu sub-county, 280 class teachers, 7020 from four boy students and 55 purposely chosen dropout boys. The researcher used 10 per cent of the sample size, representing 8 principals, 28 class teachers, 702 students and 5 dropouts. Data was coded using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and analysed using descriptive statistics. The study findings found that lack of enough school resources and families with scanty income makes it difficult to enhance boy child retention. The exploration advocated establishing programs that would abet and aid teachers, parents and the Board of Management in promoting the education of a boy child in the Chepalungu sub-County.

Gender Roles Influencing Fall Armyworm Management Towards Environmental and Food Production Resilience in Bomet County, Kenya

Gender Roles Influencing Fall Armyworm Management Towards Environmental and Food Production Resilience in Bomet County, Kenya

The Effect of Stakeholder Involvement on Performance of Bomet County Government, Kenya

Stakeholder involvement has remained a critical consideration in organizations determined to improve performance. However, public organizations continue to experience unending problems in ensuring perfect stakeholder involvement. Since the Kenyan government introduced county governments, there has been a persistent struggle for performance that exhibits consistency with citizens’ needs. This study aimed to determine the effect of stakeholder involvement in the performance of Bomet County Government, Kenya. The study was anchored on the stakeholder involvement theory. A primary research methodology, which involved collection and analysis data from a population of Bomet County Government employees. A census was adopted because the study intended to involve all the 384 participants of the county government. Data collected was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), which facilitated data coding and generating descriptive and inferential statistics. The study presented evidence that stakeholder involvement has a significant effect in the performance of the County Government of Bomet. The study results were used to recommend that the County Government should provide more opportunities for stakeholder involve to improve and sustain the performance. Keywords: Stakeholder Involvement, County Government, Performance, Bomet.

The Influence of Internal Locus of Control and Entrepreneurial Skills Training on the Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises in Bomet County, Kenya

There is an ongoing argument that internal locus of control of business owners or managers can be related to the growth and survival of the business. The internal locus of control might be affecting the growth of enterprises as internal locus of control of an entrepreneur differs from the characteristics of a non-entrepreneur Some researchers have tried to define success in terms of turnover, sustainability, and growth. Some researchers have observed that entrepreneurial traits are indicators of success. The general research issue that has to be addressed in this study is the fact that, in addition to financing and markets, there are additional variables impacting the high mortality rate and stunted growth of micro and small firms in Kenya, particularly in Bomet County. So, this study will look at the connection between the development of micro and small businesses in Bomet County and internal locus of control. In this study, the moderating impact of training in entrepreneurial skills will be examined. The target population was micro and small enterprises in Bomet County which were 14,574 in number in 2016. The unit of observation was the managers and owners of these enterprises. The unit of analysis in the micro and small enterprises in Bomet County and their growth over the past five years. The study used a stratified sampling technique to pick the respondents from the manufacturing, trade, and services strata of micro and small enterprises. The sample size was 384 micro and small enterprises. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Data collection was done by administering the instrument to the owners or managers of the enterprises. The data was processed using computer software. The association between the internal locus of control of entrepreneurs and the expansion of businesses was established using a multiple regression model. The main conclusions were that the expansion of businesses in Kenya's Bomet County is influenced by internal locus of control. The study's main advice is that the key participants in the firms should train to develop the traits of owners and managers. This study also suggests that not everyone can succeed as an entrepreneur. Resources and a methodology should be available to find future entrepreneurs. The necessary resources cannot be accessed before identification.

Nursing Interventions in Promoting Self-Management of Cancer Pain in Tenwek Hospital, Bomet County, Kenya

Approximately 60% of cancer patients attending outpatients’ clinics experience severe unremitting pain hence self-management of cancer pain is critical. Nurses play an important role in treatment, pain management, and promotion of self-care of patients of cancer patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate nursing interventions in promoting self-management of cancer pain at Tenwek Hospital, Bomet County, Kenya. This was a qualitative study that utilized case study approach. Data was collected in a period of six months whereby interviewer administered semi-structured interview guide with predetermined themes. On the assistance offered by the nurses in self-management of pain, each participant reported to assist their patients differently. The main intervention nurses used in supporting cancer patients in self-management of cancer pain were a multidisciplinary approach involving all the health care providers, pharmacological counselling and patient education. The study also concludes that nurses’ interventions in self-management of cancer can help improve patient outcomes and their quality of life. The study recommends that nurses should incorporate support for self-management of cancer pain in their daily practice with cancer patients. The concept of self-management should be promulgated in such a way that it entails a holistic management of symptoms. Healthcare personnel should initiate self-management of cancer pain at the early trajectory of the disease, at the first contact with the patients. Keywords: Nursing interventions, self-management of cancer pain, Bomet County

Impact of SMASSE Programme on Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Physics in Bomet County, Kenya

Science subjects are the backbone of the scientific and technological advancements in the world. Achievement in science subjects in secondary schools in Kenya has been below average. The low achievement in the national examinations has been attributed mainly to teacher centered teaching approaches used by teachers. In an attempt to address the low achievement in Physics, the Strengthening of Mathematics and Science in Secondary Education (SMASSE) teaching program was introduced through In-service Education and Training INSET) in the whole of Kenya in 2004.Therefore, this study was an attempt to fill this gap. The objectives of the study were; to find out whether SMASSE approach had impacted the achievement in physics and whether there was a gender difference in the achievement in Physics among secondary school students in Konoin sub-county. The study used expost-facto research design as well as a survey research design. Stratified and systematic sampling was employed to select schools for this study. The population was the KCSE candidates in Konoin Sub- County and the accessible populations were the 2000-2003 candidates before SMASSE was introduced and 2012-2015 KCSE candidates immediately after. There was a total of 5017 candidates in this target class in 24 secondary schools in Konoin Sub-County in period 2000-03 and 5204 in the period 2012-15. The schools were in 3 categories, these were extra-County, county, and sub-county schools and both stratified, systematic sampling and purposive sampling were used to select 12 schools with a total of 826 students for the period 2000-2003 and 1390 in the same 12 schools for the period 2012-2015 took part in this study. The research instruments used for the study were a Document analysis tools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis of data t-test and ANOVA were used as inferential statistic to test the null hypothesis. All statistical tests were subjected to a test of significance at coefficient alpha (α) of 0.05. The study found out that there was no statistically significant difference between those students who were exposed to SMASSE and those who were not. The findings may inform decisions and action towards improving teaching and learning of Physics in Kenya. The study also may help to sensitize teachers, curriculum planners, policy makers and other education stake holders as far as SMASSE program is concerned on the areas that require improvement. Keywords: SMASSE, Kenya, teaching and learning of Physics DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-3-07 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Finding out the predictive capacity independent variables on retention of disabled pupils in mainstreamed primary schools in Bomet County, Kenya

This study sought to find out the predictive capacity independent variables on the retention of pupils with disabilities in mainstreamed primary schools in Bomet County, Kenya. The study adopted a survey research design. The target population consisted of 840 teachers. Yamane formula was used in getting a sample size of 271 teachers. The multi-stage sampling procedure was used. After collecting, coding and analysing the raw data, the study revealed information as follows: provision of appropriate instructional and physical resources significantly influences the retention of pupils with disabilities by 19.2 per cent and 42.1 per cent, respectively. The study findings indicated that there was evidence of a positive and statistically significant relationship between the provision of appropriate physical resources and the retention of disabled pupils (r = 0.828** p < 0.05). Similarly, there exists a positive and statistically significant relationship between the provision of appropriate instructional resources and the retention of pupils with disabilities (r = 0.842**; p < 0.05). Moreover, the findings indicated that there was strong evidence of a statistically significant and positive relationship between appropriate recreational resources and the retention of pupils with disabilities (r = 0.846**; p < 0.05). Finally, the findings indicated that there was strong evidence of a statistically significant and positive relationship between appropriate human resource skills and the retention of disabled pupils (r = 0.866**; p < 0.05). The study recommended that in-service training should be conducted for all regular teachers to enhance knowledge, skills and attitude toward special needs education.

Perceived Determinants of Adherence to Standard Operating Procedures among Laboratory Personnel as per the Staff in Bomet County, Kenya

Laboratory errors are a major burden in health care systems. To reduce laboratory errors and increase laboratory quality, international health organizations such as the World Health Organization developed laboratory quality management systems (QMS). One of the QMS essentials (Documents and Records) contains Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). SOPs are step-by-step instructions that laboratory personnel use as a guide in performing laboratory procedures. Thus, adhering to SOPs ensures consistency, accuracy, and quality of laboratory procedures, thereby increasing laboratory data quality and reducing errors. However, studies in Kenya have shown low percentage results in evaluating documents and records, which means low adherence to SOPs. This study aimed to identify the determinants of adherence to SOPs. A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted in two conveniently selected hospitals (Tenwek Mission Hospital and Longisa County Referral Hospital) in Bomet County, Kenya. Four focused group discussions and eight key informant interviews were done. Based on the objectives, collected data were analyzed using manual coding and thematic analysis. The study identified themes that determine adherence to SOPs which mainly are the working environment, and factors that promote adherence to SOPs are professional education, leadership factors, and work environment. Key areas that needed intervention on SOPs adherence are personal reasons, professional education, and quality equipment. Professional education and leadership have been suggested for the sustenance of intervention. Recommendations to hospitals to increase opportunities for professional education and to increase the number of staff to help lower workload are made.

The influence of the provision of appropriate human resource skills on retaining disabled pupils in mainstreamed primary schools

This study sought to establish the influence of the provision of appropriate human resource skills on the retention of disabled pupils in mainstreamed primary schools in Bomet County, Kenya. This research was embedded in Systems Theory by Bertalanffy. The study adopted a survey research design. The target population consisted of 840 teachers. Yamane formula was used to obtain a sample size of 271 teachers. The multi-stage sampling procedure was used. After collecting, coding and analysing the raw data, the study revealed that the provision of appropriate human resource skills significantly influenced the retention of pupils with disabilities by 25.3 per cent. The findings showed that there was strong evidence of a statistically and positive significant relationship between appropriate human resource skills and retention of pupils with disabilities (r = 0.866**; p < 0.05). It was concluded that the majority of teachers lacked professional skills in teaching special needs education, which directly affects the retention of pupils with disabilities (PWDs). The study recommended that in-service training should be conducted for all regular teachers to enhance knowledge, skills and attitude toward special needs education.

Entrepreneurial Competencies and Performance of Women-Owned Micro and Small Agribusiness Enterprises in Bomet County, Kenya

Entrepreneurship is becoming more widely recognized as a key driver of economic development, efficiency, innovation, and employment, as well as a key component of economic dynamism. Entrepreneurial competencies have contributed to the growth and expansion of most women-owned micro and agribusiness enterprises in. The women-owned Agribusiness has field is developing rapidly and widely to include entrepreneurs who are committed to solving societal problems. However, despite numerous government policies aimed at boosting women-owned micro and agribusiness enterprises in Kenya, the growth rate of such businesses has remained low. This has over time been attributed to various challenges women encounter in the course of their economic empowerment. The research aimed achieve the following specific research objectives; to analyze the effect of savings mobilization on the success of women-owned micro and small agribusinesses; to evaluate the effectiveness of entrepreneurship training on the success of women-owned micro and small agribusinesses; to analyze the impact of market research on the success of women-owned micro and small agribusinesses; and to analyze the effect of financial accessibility on the success of women-owned micro and small agribusinesses. The study targeted 381 women operating their agri-businesses enterprises in Bomet County, Kenya. From a total of 381, the researcher randomly selected 79 women-owned enterprises in Bomet County. Quantitative data were gathered mostly using a questionnaire with no open-ended questions. The results were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. Frequency and percentage breakdowns, as well as inferential statistics such as regression analysis, were employed. The outcome was showed in tables and charts. The study outcome revealed an existing positive and significant correlation between financial accessibility, entrepreneurship training, market research and savings mobilization and performance of women-owned enterprises. These results suggest that greater availability of bank loans has facilitated the growth of many small and micro-sized agricultural enterprises owned by women in Bomet County. The study found that having easy access to capital was crucial to the success of both new and existing enterprises. The study concluded that women micro and small agribusiness enterprises conduct market research to assess customer needs. The study concluded that the women micro and small agribusiness enterprises has diversified revenue sources to enhance savings. It is possible to provide a recommendation based on the results that, Bomet County Women micro-entrepreneurs should register their establishments and observe regulatory necessities to reduce turbulences of their business processes. For this will boost the chances of obtaining financing from financial organizations and women groups. The women of Bomet County should also dedicate significant time and effort to developing a clear purpose and goal for their micro-businesses.

The Impact of Social Support Groups on Outcomes in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Attending Tenwek Hospital in Bomet County

The Impact of Social Support Groups on Outcomes in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Attending Tenwek Hospital in Bomet County

Impact of Electronic Braille Note-Taking Devices Use on Academic Performance of Visually Impaired Learners in Selected Special Primary Schools in Kenya

Owing to technological advancements, Electronic Braille note-taking (EBN) devices have been developed and are currently in use by learners with visual impairment in Kenya. This study intends to examine the impact of EBN devices on academic performance of visually impaired learners in selected special primary schools in Kenya. The study used a descriptive design while applying both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Six special schools were purposively sampled: St. Francis Special School in West Pokot County, Marigat Special School in Baringo County, Kiomiti Special School in Kisii County, Korara Special School in Bomet County, Kibos Salvation Army School for Visually Impaired in Kisumu County and Salvation Army Thika Special Primary School in Kiambu County. The data was analyzed both descriptively and thematically. The results were presented in form of tables and figures. The findings of the study show that the EBN devices as used in the primary schools for visually Impaired learners in Kenya have a positive impact on their academic performance. This study recommends that the stakeholders of schools with Visually Impaired leaners to increase the supply and distribution of EBN devices to the schools so as to achieve the recommended 1:1 device to learner ratio.

EFFECT OF ATTITUDE SURVEY ON JOB SATISFACTION AMONG THE MEDICAL STAFF IN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES IN BOMET COUNTY, KENYA

The public health facilities in Kenya provide diverse health services to its citizens throughout the country. Public health employees across the country have exhibited some dissatisfaction in the recent past which has led to poor service delivery as well strikes. This could be a result of delays in salaries, poor remuneration, poor working conditions, lack of PPEs and non-inclusion of employees in airing their views. These issues and others are indicative of having demotivated and unsatisfied employees. This study, therefore, purposes to establish the effect of the attitude survey strategies on job satisfaction among the medical staff in public health facilities in Bomet County. Specifically, the study seeks to examine whether attitude surveys, upward communication, employee participation and suggestion schemes have an effect on the job satisfaction of employees in public health facilities in Bomet County. The study was guided by the anxiety uncertain theory. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. The study targeted 205 medical staff drawn from 3 public health facilities in Bomet County. A stratified random sampling technique was used. A sample size of 136 medical staff was used in the study. A questionnaire was used for data collection. A pilot study was undertaken in Kericho referral hospital. The study made the following conclusions. The study concluded that the attitude survey had a statistically significant influence on job satisfaction levels. The study further found that the unstandardized regression beta stood at 0.597 which indicated that a unit increase in attitude survey would lead to 0.597 change in the job satisfaction.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0759/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Communication planning and technology integration on implementation of water construction projects in Bomet County, Kenya

Globally over 40 million people are faced with deficiency supply of water and more than 110 million of the worlds’ 240 million population have no access to clean and safe drinking water. In Africa, water shortages are related to both under-development of potentially available water resources and their uneven distribution while conserving the catchments’ sustainability. The country like many other developing countries is facing formidable freshwater planning and management challenges. Despite the fact that a lot of resources have been invested in water infrastructure, there has been little impact on implementation water infrastructures and water supply systems in most parts of the countries. Communication planning is the key component to project success, but the main focus has been on project management practices and project performance. The main objective of this study was to assess the influence of communication planning on implementation of water projects in Bomet County, Kenya. Communication theory was used to guide this study. The study used descriptive survey design and ideally data was collected by use of self-administered Questionnaires. The study targeted 440 respondents and the sample size was 164 respondents. This study carried out a census on 88 initiated water projects in the county of Bomet. Pre-test study was administered to 18 respondents of Kajiado County to test the reliability and validity of the instruments. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. Regression results showed that communication planning, positively influenced effective implementation of water project with the F statistics value of 98.068, and P-value of 0.000. Regression resulted in R2 of 0.43. In conclusion, therefore communication planning influenced implementation of water projects. The study recommends that the government can embrace the use of technology to equally enhance communication among stakeholders of water projects. The study can be replicated in other counties so as to improve water services.

Influence of Learners’ Readiness and Physical Facilities on Transition of Learners with Visual Impairment from Integrated Pre-primary to Primary Schools in Narok County, Kenya

Transition of pre-primary learners with visual impairment from integrated pre-primary to primary schools in Narok County has been low. Thus, the study assessed school dynamics influencing transition of learners with visual impairment from integrated pre-primary to primary schools in Narok County, Kenya. The study was based on the Ecological Systems Theory and Transition Theory. The study employed mixed methods approach and in turn used concurrent triangulation research design. The target population consisted of 16 headteachers, 3 Educational Assessment and Resource Centre (EARC) officers and 208 teachers and 160 learners with visual impairment all totalling to 387. The study adopted the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample size determination formula where a sample size of 266 respondents was sampled. The study used purposive and stratified sampling method to select the sample. 15 headteachers and three EARC Officers were sampled using purposive sampling. Stratified random sampling method was used to select 135 teachers while 113 learners were selected using simple random sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect data from teachers, interview guides were used to collect data from headteachers and EARC Officers while an observation checklist was used to collect data from the learners. Pilot testing of the instrument was done on 2 headteachers, one EARC officer, 12 teachers and 5 learners with visual impairment from the neighbouring Bomet County. Validity was established through expert judgement. Reliability was established using test re-test technique and reliability index, r = 0.867 was determined using Cronbach Alpha Method. The study established that learners’ readiness and physical facilities influence transition of learners with visual impairment from integrated pre-primary to primary schools. The study recommends that Ministry of Education should redesign the teacher training curriculum to encompass components of special needs education to equip them with skills to handle and teach learners in integrated school microsystems. I would recommend that Ministry of Education should also allocate more funds to schools to enable the school management to provide adequate, but suitable physical facilities for learners with visual impairment.

Analysis of gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from cooking devices in selected rural and urban kitchens in Bomet and Narok counties of Kenya.

Traditional combustion devices and fuels such as charcoal, wood and biomass, are widely utilised in rural and urban households in Africa. Incomplete combustion can generate air pollutants which are of human toxicological importance, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, portable multi-channel polydimethylsiloxane rubber traps were used to sample gas phase emissions from cooking devices used in urban and rural households in Bomet and Narok counties of Kenya. A wide range of total PAH concentrations was found in samples collected (0.82 - 173.69 µg/m3), which could be attributed to the differences in fuel type, combustion device, climate, and nature of households. Wood combustion using the 3-stone device had the highest average total PAH concentration of ~71 µg/m3. Narok had higher indoor total gas phase PAH concentrations averaging 35.88 µg/m3 in urban and 70.84 µg/m3 in rural households, compared to Bomet county (2.91 µg/m3 in urban and 9.09 µg/m3 in rural households). Ambient total gas phase PAH concentrations were more similar (Narok: 1.26 - 6.28 µg/m3 and Bomet: 2.44 - 6.30 µg/m3). Although the 3-stone device and burning of wood accounted for higher PAH emissions, the charcoal burning jiko stove produced the highest toxic equivalence quotient. Monitoring of PAHs emitted by these cooking devices and fuels is critical to public health and sustainable pollution mitigation.