Bolan Medical College Research Articles

FACTORS INFLUENCING DELAY IN SEEKING MEDICAL CARE AMONG CANCER BREAST PATIENTS IN BALUCHISTAN: EXPLORE REASONS BEHIND DELAYED PRESENTATION AND HOW PATIENT EDUCATION OR COMMUNITY PROGRAMS MIGHT IMPROVE EARLY ACCESS TO CARE

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent and deadly forms of cancer affecting women globally, and Pakistan is no exception. Objective: The main objective of the study is to find the factors influencing delay in seeking medical care among cancer breast patients and explore reasons behind delayed presentation and how patient education or community programs might improve early access to care. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bolan Medical College Quetta Pakistan during January 2024 till June 2024. Data were collected from 125 breast cancer patients who had been diagnosed with the disease at various stages. Results: Data were collected from 125 patients, majority of participants (70%) were aged between 40-60 years, with a mean age of 50.01 ± 7.61 years. Most were married (60%) and had attained high school education (65%). Employment status indicated that 55% of participants were unemployed, while 35% were engaged in low-paying jobs. Regarding healthcare access, 75% of urban participants had timely access to healthcare facilities, compared to only 40% of rural participants, highlighting disparities in healthcare availability. The highest delays were observed in unemployed participants (65%) and those in low-paying jobs (60%), reflecting the impact of economic constraints. Married participants (60%) also reported substantial delays, potentially linked to family dynamics and caregiving responsibilities. Conclusion: It is concluded that delayed presentation of breast cancer in Pakistan is primarily influenced by socio-cultural stigma, financial constraints, limited healthcare access, and psychological barriers.

Incidence of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in humans during the COVID-19 pandemic in Baluchistan Province, Pakistan.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the neglected tropical diseases that affects impoverished communities throughout the world. In Pakistan CL is an endemic disease. This study aimed to determine the incidence of CL infection in the Baluchistan province of Pakistan from January 2020 to March 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1047 clinically suspected cases of CL from Bolan Medical College Hospital, Quetta, were followed up in the study. The data regarding the epidemiological characterstics, pathological information, and treatment of patients was collected. Out of 1047 probable cases of CL, 594 (56.73%) cases were found to be positive for CL. Females had the highest infection rate, with the majority of reported cases being in the 0-9-year age group. Most CL cases were reported in April in the year 2020, with a few cases reported in June. But in the year 2021, the highest number of cases were reported in December. The number of overall cases has gradually increased in the year 2022, most likely because of the reduction in COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. The p value for the positive as compared to suspected cases in the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 was calculated as 0.8925, 0.8763, and 0.8535 respectively. Further epidemiological studies and health education campaigns are recommended to increase public awareness. It is strongly advised that local, provincial, and national health authorities establish and maintain effective leishmaniasis surveillance systems to promptly identify disease outbreaks and implement timely control measures.

Assessing Professionalism among First Year Medical Students through Professionalism Assessment Tool

Objective: To assess the professional level among 1st year MBBS students of Bolan Medical College, Quetta.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried at Bolan Medical College Quetta from September to November, 2022. All 200 medical stu- dents of 1st year MBBS were invited to participate in the study. A validated Professional Assessment Tool (PAT) was distributed by 3 senior demonstrators during lectures. The PAT contained 33 items within five domains: (1) Reliability and Responsibility, (2) Life-long Learning and Adaptability, (3) Relationships with Others (4) Upholding Principles of Integrity and Respect, and (5) Citizenship and Professional Engagement. Results were prepared by using SPSS version 29. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. A p-value<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Twenty four out of 200 students were consistently absent at the time of data collection (99% response rate). Fifty one percent were females (n=102/200). Seventy out of 200 students (35%) were 20 years of age. Thirty four percent (68/200) demonstrated only the basic level of critical thinking and only 10 students (5%) demonstrated the higher cognitive level. Overall, statistically significant results were observed at items number 3 and 1 (p-<.001) of domain 3 and 4 respectively (empathizing to the situations of others and actively and productively participating in the profession respectively)Conclusion: Students of 1st year MBBS demonstrate positive attitude towards professionalism.

Acceptance of Telemedicine: A Perspective from the Doctors Working in the Tertiary Care Hospitals of Quetta

The pandemic of COVID-19 forced the world to reduce the social interactions and push the world toward keeping destinations. During the pandemic, the need for online health services was profoundly felt also in Pakistan. Online health services saw a boost all around the country; however, there are still many challenges in the acceptance of the online services in Pakistan yet. Objective: To assess the acceptance and adaption of telemedicine services in three public sector hospitals of district Quetta during the pandemic of COVID-19. Methods: Questionnaire was designed and distributed among 385 physicians from Civil Hospital, Bolan Medical College and Fatima Jinnah Hospital and the results were interpreted with the help of the SPSS. Results: A total of 385 respondents were selected for the given purpose. 231 were male and 154 were female. 250 of the respondents said that only the urban areas were taking advantage of the telemedicine services while due to lack of internet facilities, the people from rural areas were devoid of the online services. The results also showed that 111 doctors had started telemedicine services since the pandemic. 235 of the respondents said that the youth were more inclined toward accepting telemedicine as compared to elderly. Conclusions: Telemedicine has not seen a large-scale acceptance and yet the people are relying on conventional methods of treatment and not switching to telemedicine as largely as they should have so had the doctors.

Dermatophytes Isolation from Patients and In-vitro Application of Selected Natural Extracts and Oils for Anti-Dermatophytic Activity

Dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm, is caused by a group of fungi termed dermatophytes. It can invade the keratinized tissue of the skin, nails, and hair. Dermatophytosis is classified based on the site of infection, such as tinea pedis, tinea capitis, and tinea unguium. This study was performed at Bolan Medical College Hospital, Quetta, to isolate and identify the infectious agents of dermatophytes related infections in patients following all the codal formalities and ethical procedures. A total of 19 patients' samples were analyzed in the study, where ten samples were positive for infectious agents. The organisms were grown on specified media, such as dermatophytes test medium agar and potato dextrose agar, supplemented with antibiotics. The isolates were preliminary identified with the help of their growth on specific media and finally confirmed with the help of compound microscopic examination. Some common natural compounds, such as apple peel extract (APE), grapes peduncle extract (GPE), propolis oil (PO), and bitter apricot kernel oil (BAKO), were used against the dermatophytes isolates and were found positive for activity against a few isolates. The APE showed inhibitory activity of 31% against Trichophyton tonsurans and 80% against Epidermophyton flocosum, while the GPE showed 27% and 74%, PO showed 42% and 69%, and BAKO showed 78% and 70% activity against Trichophyton tonsurans and Epidermophyton flocosum, respectively. The bioactive compounds in these extracts were analyzed through Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy.

Comparison of Malignant and Non-malignant Acquired Tracheoesophageal Fistulae Management Strategies and Outcomes

Aim: To compare the malignant and non-malignant acquired tracheoesophageal fistulae management strategies. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Bolan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Quetta from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022. Methodology: Sixty patients suffering from tracheoesophageal fistulae were enrolled. The patients were then divided into two groups where depending upon convenient sampling the first group was named as malignant while second was non-malignant group. The underlying etiology of each patient was recorded and assessments of clinical conditions were made through imaging and endoscopic techniques. The preoperative, intraoperative and stenting management strategies were applied on the enrolled cases. Single, double stenting was based on case to case. Results: The mean age of the cases with benign tracheoesophageal fistula was 10.5±1.2 years while those having malignant tracheoesophageal fistula was 51.2±6.5 years. There were total 20 cases of tracheoesophageal fistula with nonmalignant diagnosis while 40 cases with malignant tracheoesophageal fistula. Within the primary outcomes of the cases the preoperative mortality was higher in non-malignant cases than malignant while morbidity was much higher in the malignant cases with 35% in that presenting fistula recurrence. Practical Implication: Malignancy appeared to be the main cause of TEF in patients and their survival chances are also less. Conclusion: Stenting is best managing strategy in patients with improved survival rate malignant as well as non-malignant cases. Keywords: Malignancy, Fistula, Esophagus, Ventilator, Stenting

Patient Outcomes of Non-Operative Versus Operative Management of Humeral Shaft Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To determine the non-surgical versus surgical outcomes in individuals who suffered from humeral shaft fractures. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was undertaken at the Department of Orthopedics Bolan Medical College Hospital Quetta, Pakistan between 09-March-2019 to 08-October-2019. A total number of 248 patients who presented with humeral shaft fractures having age 20-60 years were included in this study. Eligible patients were randomly grouped into two equal sets. Group I: were allotted to patients in whom non-operative management of humeral shaft fractures was done. In group II patients: operative management was done. Surgical outcomes were noted in terms of delayed union and radial nerve palsy. Study outcomes were noted after 1 month of principal procedure. Results: The mean age of individuals included in this study was 45.46±9.64 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) of patients was 25.44±4.63 kg/m2. Mean duration of fracture to surgery was 8.80±8.07 days. There were 169 (68.15%) male patients and 79 (31.85%) female patients. Delayed union was found in 27 (21.80%) patients in non-operative groups versus 19 (15.30%) in patients who underwent operative management (p-value of 0.191). On comparison of frequency of radial nerve palsy between the groups, radial nerve palsy was found in 12 (9.70%) patients in non operative group versus 16 (12.90%) in patients in operative group (0.422). Conclusion: The study revealed that the non-surgical management of humeral shaft fractures gives outcomes that are comparable to operative management. We did not find any evidence of significant difference in the frequency of delayed union and radial nerve palsy between the groups. Keywords: humeral shaft fractures, operative management, non-operative management.

Approach and view of Medical Students towards Basic Medical Science Subjects: A Study at Bolan Medical College Quetta Pakistan

Introduction: The diagnosis of a disease and the mechanism of disease process can better understand if using the basic medical science subjects with clinical sciences. Objective: To assess the view and approach of medical students towards basic medical science subjects beside its clinical relevance in Bolan Medical College Quetta Pakistan. Method: This was a cross sectional study designed in an institute in Bolan Medical College Quetta Pakistan, from March-2021to May 2021. For collection of data pre tested questionnaire was used. All options were rated by using likert scale, ranges from strongly disagree to agree. The data were analyzed by using SPSS-27. Result: A total of 200 students participated in this study. Among them 40 (20%), 55 (27.5%), 35 (17.5%), 35 (17.5%), and 35 (17.5%) were of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and final year students respectively. 33 (16.5%) students were interested to join as career, 107(53.5%) were never join the basic side while maybe remained 60 (30%). Less financial attractions are in basic side by 130 (65%) that’s why not interested. If modular system apply this may attract the students to join as career, the reply was in 65% (130) don’t know. The clinical relevancy was 53.5% (107) anatomy, 47.5% (95) biochemistry while 41.5% (83) physiology. Conclusion: This study concluded that students have very low attraction for basic medical science subjects but this can elevated with way of teaching methodology and using clinical aspect. Students are very much reluctant to join basic side as their career due to less financial attractions.

THE PRESENCE OF THE ANTI-STREPTOCOCCUS ANTIBODIES IN THE BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER.

Background: A beta hemolyticus infection can cause a number of infections by different kinds of pathogenic mechanisms in the general population. These can range from streptococcal skin infections to rheumatic valve and heart diseases, as well as brain damage like encephalitis and paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the presence of anti-streptococcus antibodies in bipolar affective disorder with respect to family history, educational background, and gender differences. Methodology: The sample was collected with patient consent during the past year from the Bolan Medical College Complex Hospital, the Quetta Department of Psychiatry’s out door and in-door patients and from private referrals. A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 100 patients with a history of elated mood and low-grade fever in the absence of obvious causes, or if any causes were discovered after treatment, was conducted after carrying out their general physical and systemic examinations in order to include them in this study. Results: The positive anti streptolysin-o (ASO-titer) meaning more than 200 IU, is set for a positive result for the presence of the streptococcal antibody levels. In this study, the authors found a 29% prevalence of positivity. The variables are positive psychiatric family history, no education or poor educational background, and the third variable is the way the gender-based differences are, in males, the results are 71.7% and in females, it is 70% negative. Conclusion: The female gender, poor educational background, and positive family history are the main outcomes of this study.

Frequency of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Newborn at Tertiary Care Hospital in Quetta

Objective: To determine the frequency of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in newborn at tertiary care hospital in Quetta, Pakistan. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: The Department of Paediatrics, Unit-II, Bolan Medical College Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan from January 2022 to June 2022. Methodology: Neonates of both genders born with birth weight above 1500 grams having gestational age above 28 weeks, presenting between 3 to 5 days following birth were analyzed. At the time of enrollment, demographic characteristics of the neonates were noted and screening of CH was done. The CH was labeled as serum TSH ≥ 20mU/ml and T4 < 9 pmol/l. Results: During the study period, a total of 383 neonates as per inclusion/exclusion criteria were analyzed. There were 239 (62.4%) boys and 144 (37.6%) girls. The mean age was 3.87+0.843 days. The mean TSH level was 12.807+5.11 mU/ml (ranging 7 to 50 mU/ml). We noted that CH was found in 10 neonates (2.6%). Practical Implications: The reported frequency of CH seems higher as compared to contemporary literature which raises the importance of CH screening programs at national level. Conclusion: The frequency of congenital hypothyroidism was 2.6% among newborns at a tertiary care hospital of Quetta, Pakistan. Keywords: Congenital hypothyroidism, newborn, thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Determine the Frequency of Different Causes CF Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed

Objective: To determine the frequency of various causes for upper gastrointestinal bleed. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gastroenterology, Bolan Medical College Quetta from 1st July 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: One hundred and thirty five patients in an age limit of >30 years were registered. The inclusion criteria were based on clinical diagnosis of GB of upper tract, blood tests included H-pylori conformational test as well as CBC. The first endoscopy was performed within the 48 hours initiation of bleeding. Results: The mean was 41.2±4.5 years. There were 68.8% males and 31.1% females. The main cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in cases was observed as varices and gastric ulcers highest within 40-60 years group while erosive gastritis and duodenal ulcers were presented most in males. Conclusion: The frequency of varices was 65.9% followed by 10.37% gastric ulcers presented in gastrointestinal bleeding of upper tract. Keywords: Gastrointestinal bleeding, Varices, Melena

FREQUENCY OF ORAL LESIONS AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS, MUCOSAL ALTERATIONS AND RISK FACTORS

Objectives: To estimate the frequency of Oral lesions among diabetic patients in the Department of Oral Medicine.Methods and materials: Study design was cross sectional and was brought in the Department of Oral Medicine Dental Section Bolan Medical College Sandman Provincial Hospital Quetta, from June 2021 to May 2022. A total of 50, 35 male and 15 female with known history of diabetic were reported in the Department of Oral Medicine Dental Section Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta (SPH) for their routine Dental problems were included in this survey.Results: 72% reported patients were male and 28% were female. The mean age of the patients were 40.25 years. Majority of the diabetic patients age were between 52 to 62 ( n=23, (46%) years, and second majority cases were having age ranged between 41-51(n=17, 34%) years and third majority cases were having age ranged from 30-40(n=7, 14%) years. Dental caries was the most common fi ndings in this study 36%, followed by Xerostomia 28%, gingivitis 24%, abnormal taste 22%, Burning mouth 14%, Angular chelitis and Depapillated Tongue 12% each, Candidiasis 16%, oral ulcerations 10% and periodontitis 8% respectively. In this study Xerostomia and dental carries were statistically signifi cant between oral lesions and diabetic patients.Conclusion: IDiabetic patients had higher incidence of oral lesions and mucosal alterations than non-diabetic patients. Higher incidence of oral lesions brings out the requisite of the regular oral examination to make sure the initial diagnosis and handling Oral mucosal lesions in diabetic patients.

A Retrospective Case-Control Study on the Risk Factors of Postpartum Hemorrhage

Aim: To determine the risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage. Study design:A retrospective case-control study Place and duration: This study was conducted at Bolan Medical College and Hospital Quetta from January 2021 to January 2022. Methodology: A total of 115 patients with PPH were identified in the given data.A case was categorized based on blood loss of more than 1500 mL or needing the transfusion of blood due to excessive postpartum blood loss. According to the exclusion criteria, those women who were transfused blood due to anemia were not included in the present study. A total of 225 cases were randomly chosen as controls. Those women did not report having PPH. Results: According to the data collected in our study, a total of 4695 babies were delivered in the given duration of time. Out of those, 115 were identified as cases and 225 were considered as random controls. The frequency of PPH was 2.45%. The commonest etiology of PPH was atony of the uterus (60%) and complications related to the placenta (36%). The risk factors determined to cause PPH was a positive history of PPH, anticoagulant drugs, anemia, severe pre-eclampsia, fibromas in the uterus, multiple pregnancies, and the use of assisted reproduction technologies. Conclusion: Patients having a positive history of PPH are most likely to develop severe PPH. It is the most significant risk factor. The most significant risk factor to cause severe PPH was a positive history of PPH, anticoagulation drugs, severe pre-eclampsia, anemia, multiple pregnancies, and uterine fibromas Keywords: Case-control study, postpartum hemorrhage, Risk factors, High-risk, Obstetric interventions

Occurrence of Perforated Appendicitis in Patients Subjected to Appendectomy for Acute Appendicitis

Objective: To determine the frequency of perforated appendicitis among patients subjected to appendectomy for acute appendicitis.
 Methodology: A cross-sectional research was performed at the Department of Surgery, Bolan Medical College, Quetta between June 2019 to March 2021. In this study a total of 195 patients were observed. All patients were subjected to detailed history and examination. Standard preoperative procedures were adopted. Data including age, gender, height, weight, BMI were recorded in the proforma.
 Results: In this study mean age was 30 years with SD± 12.54. Sixty two percent of patients were male and 38% of patients were female. Nine percent of patients had perforated appendicitis while 91% of patients did not have perforated appendicitis. Sociodemographic such as gender and age did not significantly correlate with the incidence of perforation in patients with acute appendicitis.
 Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of perforated appendicitis was 9% among patients subjected to appendectomy for acute appendicitis.

Acute Migraine Attack in Students while taking Online Classes during Pandemic

Objectives: To determine the frequency of migraine in students taking online classes during Covid-19 pandemic. Study design and setting: Cross-sectional study design using a non-probability convenient sampling technique was conducted and carried out for a period of three months from August 2021 to November 2021 at Bolan Medical College. Total n=500 students of secondary, high school, and undergraduate students of different disciplines attending online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic were the target population. Methodology: The questionnaire comprised of four sections; students’ demography, mean duration of using digital devices before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and presenting to the hospital with complaints of headache/migraine. Students willing to participate were included while students that refused to participate were excluded. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis. To determine the association between mean duration usage of digital devices, presenting with headache/migraine or the use of glasses in-between pre-COVID and COVID era, a one-sample t-test was applied keeping p-<0.05 statistically significant. Results: From 500 students, the mean age was 18 ± 3.2 years. There were n=274 (54.8%) males and n=226 (45.2%) females. The mean duration of using digital devices in the pre-COVID era were 1.8 ± 0.7 hours while in the COVID era were 3.6 ± 1.9 hours. A significant difference was observed in terms of mean duration of digital device usage, frequency of migraine and use of glasses in COVID-19 era when compared with pre-COVID era. Conclusion: Increase in use of digital devices during COVID-19 pandemic caused increased complains of headache/migraine among the students. Additionally majority of students reported decrease in visual acuity during the pandemic due to which they had to wear glasses.

Association of learning styles with academic performance of final year MBBS students

The research paradigm of this enquiry is post positivism. It reflects a deterministic philosophy in which causes probably determine effects or outcome. The knowledge that develops through a post positivist lens is based on careful observation and measurement of objective reality that exist “out there” in the world. Thus, developing numeric measures of observations and studying the behavior of individual become paramount for a post positivist, close ended question are used in research. This method of inquiry may be carried out in, test or verifies theories or explanation, identifies variable to study, relates variable in question, observe and measures information in numbers. Setting and duration of study: This observational study was conducted at Bolan Medical College, Quetta, Balochistan, from 1st March 2017 to 30 March 2018. Result: The results were concluded from a total of 200 candidates from different medical universities that became part of the study. In the earlier section of the results, descriptive statistics were presented. The three main determinants of the study were activist, reflector, the rest where the mean values were illustrated as 6.82, 8.04, and 7.47 respectively the highest number of candidates were 35 in total with percentage as 17.5%. This was followed by 33 individuals that accounted for 16.5%.

The Incidence of Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Aim: To estimate the incidence of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Study design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Quetta from 1st January 2021 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: One hundred type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled. Each patient complete detail was documented on a well-structured questionnaire which was also used for assessing the hypoglycemia status using Whipple’s triad questionnaire based information. The Whipple triad is an assembly of three criteria named as Whipple’s criteria. The most important symptoms which are presented in it are those symptoms which show presentation of hypoglycemia post meal and exercise. Patients were asked for any of the following symptoms or biochemical test results have been noticed in previous 2-3 months and their responses were recorded. Results: There were 64% patients within the age of 40-60 years while 36% were above the age of 60 years. Within the rural, type 2 diabetic patients 89.3% were those who only checked their glucose once in three months. The treatment method which was adapted by majority of the type 2 diabetic patients was use of metformin. Conclusion: Hypoglycemia appeared to be the important determinant of diabetes mellitus and sometime even prove more fatal then hyperglycemia. Keywords: Hypoglycemia; Whipple triad; Diabetes mellitus; Prevalence; Urban areas

Role of Probiotics in Reducing the Frequency of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Adults

Aim: To assess the role of probiotics in reducing the frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis in adults. Study design: Retrospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College Quetta from 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: Forty cases of adult necrotizing enterocolitis were examined clinically as well as through radiological, biochemical and microbiological testing were enrolled. The cases were categorized according to the severity of their disease and probiotics were used for a month in less severe cases for analyzing its role in reducing necrotizing enterocolitis with a one-month follow-up. Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.2±5.36 years with 27 cases of males in comparison to 13 cases of females. Metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis were presented only in stage 2 and 3 each respectivelyAround 43% of cases reported reduction in venous ammonia after probiotic usage while 21% of the patients claimed betterment in their cognition. Conclusion: Probiotics have an efficient role in reducing ammonia production and improving cognition in adult necrotizing enterocolitis. Key words: Necrotizing, Enterocolitis, Probiotics

Impact of social media on medical education; A comparative study on students and teachers of Bolan Medical College Quetta

To examine the purpose of social media among students and teachers, to evaluate the impact of social media on learning of medical education and to asses that how social media could be used more effectively for learning purpose. Result: The result displayed that the most used application by anyone is Facebook (54%) followed by WhatsApp (31%), Instagram (11%) and YouTube(4%). These young doctors although were connected with the social media; however, it had a bad influence on their physical and mental health (n= 20). The results indicate that the usage of social media often is not considered as a positive way to engage in spending their time (n= 14) while it was satisfactorily for some (n=9) and anexcellent way to learn for other (n=6). Nevertheless, there was no significant evidence observed as per the hypothesis (p > 0.05)

Remdesivir for Treating Non-Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Aim: To examine the effect of remdesivir for treating non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Study design: Retrospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Quetta from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: One hundred patients were enrolled and divided into group A and group B within the age of 24-70 years. Group A was receiving remdesivir while group B is not receiving remdesivir. The clinical variables, BMI, comorbidities, duration of disease severity and viral load were determined. RT-PCR was conducted to determine viral load. Results: The mean age of study participants was 50±15 years with greater number of males. Diabetes was the major comorbidity. The time duration was decreased in group A upto 5 days and 8 days in group B. The viral load was decreased by mean value 6.32±1.76 to 6.2±1.78 in group B then group A respectively. Conclusion: Remdesivir is effective in COVID-19 treatment. Keywords: Remdesivir, COVID-19, Viral load