Bokaro District Research Articles

Phytochemistry, and Antioxidant Potential of Aqueous Extract of Terminalia chebula Fruit from the Coal-Affected Forests of Bokaro District, Jharkhand

This study investigates the ethnobotanical significance, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant potential of the aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula fruit, collected from the coal-affected forests of Bokaro District, Jharkhand. Using DPPH and NBT assays, the antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated at various concentrations (50, 100, 250, and 500 µg/mL). The DPPH assay revealed a dose-dependent increase in radical scavenging activity, with Terminalia chebula achieving 82.3% inhibition at 500 µg/mL. In comparison, ascorbic acid, a standard antioxidant, exhibited higher inhibition rates, reaching 95.0% at the same concentration. Similarly, the NBT assay demonstrated that the extract inhibited superoxide radicals, with 78.9% inhibition at 500 µg/mL, while ascorbic acid achieved 94.4% inhibition. The phytochemical analysis indicates a rich composition of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins in the extract, which are likely responsible for its antioxidant properties. These findings support the traditional medicinal uses of Terminalia chebula, particularly in managing oxidative stress-related conditions. Overall, the study highlights the significant antioxidant potential of Terminalia chebula fruit extract, suggesting its possible applications in functional foods and natural health products. Future research should focus on isolating specific bioactive compounds and exploring their synergistic effects to fully understand the therapeutic potential of this valuable ethnobotanical resource.

Factors influencing women's empowerment through microfinance in Bokaro district of Jharkhand

Factors influencing women's empowerment through microfinance in Bokaro district of Jharkhand

Phytochemical Profiling of Aqueous Methanol Extract of Terminalia bellirica from Bokaro District of Jharkhand, India

Plants are a vital source of medicine for human being from ancient times. Various plant parts are highly medicinal due to the presence of different bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites. Many of these compounds present in medicinal plants are unknown to the scientific community. T. bellirica is distributed in tropical parts of the world and is a known ethnomedicinal plant that is the reservoir of various bioactive compounds. The present investigated the bioactive and secondary metabolite present in the fruits of T. bellirica collected from the Bokaro district and has been analysed using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry analysis. The investigation found 55 compounds from the methanol extract of the fruit sample of T. bellirica. Among the recorded compounds, Pyrogallol is the major constituent with 85% area in the chromatogram, followed by 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP)with 5% area, and the rest of the compounds are altogether 10% of the total. In conclusion, the present study recorded and highlighted a total of 55 bioactive compounds from the dry fruits and pericarp, which is more than a double of the compounds earlier known from the plant species. Further, among the recorded biochemical compounds, the concentration of Pyrogallol was alone more than 85% of the total compounds found from the methanol extract of the fruit sample of T. bellirica.

Radon (Rn-222) concentration in ground waters of Bokaro District, Jharkhand, India

Radon (Rn-222) concentration in ground waters of Bokaro District, Jharkhand, India

Effect of the subject - ‘Happiness Engineering’ on Indian senior secondary school students

The objective of this research is to investigate the implications of teaching Happiness Engineering subject on various positive psychological outcomes, including subjective well-being, prosocial behavior, and life satisfaction among students enrolled in the 11th and 12th grades, hailing from two senior secondary schools situated in the Bokaro district of Jharkhand, India. The research involved 216 participants from seven classes, who were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: HE (Happiness Engineering) and Control. Participants were selected such that students who took Happiness Engineering as a compulsory subject were part of the HE groups, and those who did not, were part of the Control group. The researchers investigated the development and expression of overall well-being in students, including subjective well-being, gratitude, prosocial behavior, and life satisfaction. The effect of this intervention (teaching of Happiness Engineering subject) was then compared to the control condition (where participants did not engage in Happiness Engineering classes). The results of the study revealed several significant findings. First, participants who were part of the HE intervention group reported higher levels of optimism and life satisfaction and lower levels of negative affect. This suggests that the act of consciously focusing on and appreciating positive aspects of one’s life can lead to increased well-being and decreased negative emotions. An exceptionally profound revelation came to light concerning the robust correlation between HE classes and contentment regarding the scholastic milieu. It is noteworthy that, both directly after the implementation of the intervention and during the subsequent assessment at the end of a four-week period, the cohort exposed to the HE intervention exhibited elevated levels of satisfaction in their educational environment in contrast to the control condition. The study unveiled that Happiness Engineering is an effective school subject that has the potential to profoundly influence young adults in perceiving and engaging with their school environment, ultimately fostering a more positive and enriching educational experience.

IMPACT OF MID-DAY MEAL PROGRAMME ON PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY OF BOKARO DISTRICT IN JHARKHAND

The main purpose of the present study was to study the mid-day meal and quality in primary education. The study was conducted on a sample of 15 Head master/Principal and 90 teachers of schools from Bokaro district. A standardized questionnaire made by the investigator was used to collect data. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. The study indicates that mid-day meal has a great impact on improving quality of primary education. It helps in enrollment of the students. MDMS also increased the attendance of the students

Identification of a New Industrial Area Based on a Macro-Level Analysis a Case of Bokaro District, Jharkhand, India

Locating a new industrial area involves a strategic decision that covers several criteria with consideration for socio-economic benefits and environmental sustainability alongwith technical, and political issues. These different criteria are described using a number of indicators in terms of quantity and quality with some possible uncertainty. Decision making thus requires appropriate tools for data collection, analysis and knowledge management to address this multidisciplinary situation. This paper tries to find out the comprehensive method for industrial site location, a sustainable approach for finding the most suitable solution. Identifying the location determinants and site suitability models used for allocating an industrial site is observed to be an essential aspect of siting of industry, as such; level of decision making is dependent on predefined constraints. Multicriteria decision making method (M.C.D.M) seems to be a consistent and efficient solution which forms the basis for locating multiple sites for industrial activity in any delineated area.

Assessment of groundwater quality status by using water quality index (WQI) and geographic information system (GIS) approaches: a case study of the Bokaro district, India

One hundred two groundwater samples were collected from the Bokaro district of Jharkhand state, India, during the pre-and post-monsoon seasons of the year 2014–2015. In the present study, groundwater samples were analysed for pH, TDS, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, F− and NO3− to evaluate the suitability of the groundwater for drinking purposes through geographic information system (GIS)-based water quality index (WQI) model. For quality assessment, values of analysed parameters of the groundwater samples were compared with the Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO) water quality standards. The analytical results indicate slightly acidic to slightly alkaline nature of the groundwater in the study area. Concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, F−, NO3−, TDS and TH exceeded the desirable as well as permissible limits of drinking water quality standards recommended by the BIS (Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification, 2012) and WHO (Guidelines for drinking water quality: training pack, WHO, Geneva, 2004) in the study area during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. However, Na+, K+, Cl− and SO42− concentrations were within the permissible limits during both seasons. The hydrochemical analysis of the studied groundwater samples documented with ternary and Durov diagram revealed that most of the groundwater samples belong to HCO3− type of anions facies and no dominant type of cation facies. The GIS-based WQI maps for the study area indicate that the poor quality of water was found the maximum in the pre-monsoon season as compared to the post-monsoon season in the study area, respectively. The high values of WQI in the several groundwater samples of the Bokaro district indicate that water is not suitable for direct consumptions and it required sustainable treatment before its utilization for drinking uses.

Land Use/Land Cover Change Dynamic of Bokaro District, East India Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Land, sometimes referred to as dry land, is the solid surface of Earth that is not permanently covered by water. The study describes the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics in Bokaro district at Jharkhand from 1991 to 2011 using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). Whatever, human activities is invented or generated begins from LAND. Therefore, its uses and disintegration by human throughout the period of time is very essential to be known. A city grows not only by population but also by change in its spatial dimensions. The present study investigated the change detection of Bokaro district, Jharkhand, India using LANDSAT satellite data for the year 1991, 2001 and 2011. Topo sheet and high resolution images from Google earth were also used for the study. The process used for the study is known as image processing under which supervised classification method was used using different classes for the study area. The results indicated that there is a drastic increase in agriculture and habitation whereas forest, water and fallow land reduced within the district boundary limit. Migration is still continuing in the district and afforestation/human activities done throughout the period effecting in the reduction of water. Keywords: Change detection, land use and land cover, LANDSAT, Geographical Information System (GIS), remote sensing Cite this Article Modi AK, Das P, Panda D. Land Use/Land Cover Change Dynamic of Bokaro District, East India Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS . 2018; 9(3): 16–22p.

Hydrogeochemical investigation and qualitative assessment of groundwater resources in Bokaro district, Jharkhand, India

The present study is carried out in the Bokaro district of the Jharkhand state to identify the hydrogeochemical characteristic of the groundwater and assess its quality with reference to drinking, domestic, and agriculture purposes. In the study area, 102 groundwater samples were collected during the pre-monsoon season and post-monsoon season (51 samples per season) and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, F−, Cl−, HCO3−, SO42−, NO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+. The analytical results show slightly acidic to slightly alkaline nature of the groundwater in the study area. Ca2+ and Na+ are the dominant cations, while anion chemistry is dominated by HCO3− and Cl− during both seasons, respectively. The data plotted on the Piper and Gibbs diagram, as well as statistical analysis, reveals that the chemistry of the groundwater in the study area is mainly controlled by rock weathering phenomenon with secondary contributions from anthropogenic sources. The water quality assessment indicated that TDS, hardness, Ca2+, Na+, HCO3−, and Cl− are the major concern parameters in the study area during both seasons. Sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percent, residual sodium carbonate, magnesium hazard, Kelly’s ratio, and permeability index are calculated to identify the suitability of water for irrigation purposes and revealed that most of the groundwater is suitable for irrigation purposes, except few sites. The present study will be useful in the future management of groundwater resources of the area.

Impact of Personality of Working Women on Marital Satisfaction

Personality traits denote inherited or acquired individual characteristics of thought, feeling and actions that include the psycho-physical, emotional, conscious and unconscious behavior pattern of a person. The major problem in marriage is adjustment to a mate. Interpersonal relationships play as important role in marriage like friendships. But after marriage, the interpersonal relationships are difficult to maintain compare to social life. To evaluate the impact of personality traits on marital adjustment this study was carried out among working women in organized sector. A total of 300 employed women from different professions, e.g. education, health and other services were selected from Ranchi, Hazaribag, Ramgarh and Bokaro district of Jharkhand. Marital relationship is shaped by the action and interaction of various external factors like income, education, type of work, household responsibilities, type of family and internal factors viz., background, interest, temperament, values. Results reveal that majority of the respondents had similar interests and values. There was significant difference in temperament between college teacher-clerk and school teacher-clerk. The respondent belonging to higher service and lower service had no significant difference with respect to similarities of interest and value. Additionally there was a significant difference in adaptability between doctor and clerk, officer and clerk, and school teacher and clerk. To achieve marital harmony one has to be rational, tolerant, cooperative and loving. Successful marriage depends mainly on flexibility, independence, sufficient emotional support and positive communication between the partners.

Time series analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration for Bokaro District, Jharkhand, India

AbstractEvapotranspiration is the one of the major role playing element in water cycle. More accurate measurement and forecasting of Evapotranspiration would enable more efficient water resources management. This study, is therefore, particularly focused on evapotranspiration modelling and forecasting, since forecasting would provide better information for optimal water resources management. There are numerous techniques of evapotranspiration forecasting that include autoregressive (AR) and moving average (MA), autoregressive moving average (ARMA), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Thomas Feiring, etc. Out of these models ARIMA model has been found to be more suitable for analysis and forecasting of hydrological events. Therefore, in this study ARIMA models have been used for forecasting of mean monthly reference crop evapotranspiration by stochastic analysis. The data series of 102 years i.e. 1224 months of Bokaro District were used for analysis and forecasting. Different order of ARIMA model was selected on the basis of autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation (PACF) of data series. Maximum likelihood method was used for determining the parameters of the models. To see the statistical parameter of model, best fitted model is ARIMA (0, 1, 4) (0, 1, 1)12.

Evaluation of Water Quality Pollution Indices for part of Bokaro District, Jharkhand

Evaluation of Water Quality Pollution Indices for part of Bokaro District, Jharkhand

Characterization of groundwater potential and artificial recharge sites in Bokaro District, Jharkhand (India), using remote sensing and GIS-based techniques

Anarchic use of groundwater for domestic and industrial purposes poses a major threat to the rapidly depleting groundwater resources of India. In the present study, an integrated remote sensing and GIS-based methodology is used for the mapping of groundwater potential zones and identification of suitable sites for artificial recharge in the Bokaro District of Jharkhand, India. The study area is classified into three different zones, namely ‘poor’, ‘moderate’ and ‘good’ in terms of its groundwater potential. Only small isolated patches in the eastern and central parts of the district have been identified to have good groundwater potential with a sustainable yield of 87.18 MCM (million cubic metres). The percent area coverage of regions with good groundwater potential is only ~5 %. The sustainable yield for areas characterized to have moderate groundwater potential is 962.11 MCM, while those with poor potential are estimated to be 53.31 MCM. Overall, the results show that 95 % of the study area have moderate to poor groundwater potentiality. Sensitivity analysis, using effective weight and variation index, reveals slope, drainage density and soil as the parameters with the greatest influence on the computation of groundwater potential index. The present study also focuses on the identification of suitable artificial recharge sites, using multi-criteria analysis technique, for augmenting the depleting groundwater reserves of the area. The results reveal that 84.95 % of the study area is either highly or moderately suited for artificial recharge, which is primarily attributed to the predominance of favourable geology and geomorphologic features in the study area.

Zooplankton diversity of Garga reservoir of Bokaro, Jharkhand, India

The present study is on “Zooplankton diversity of Garga Reservoir of Bokaro District (Jharkhand)”. The study was carried on from July’2012 to June’2013 at four selected sampling stations. Monthly variations and biodiversity indices of zooplanktons were observed. It revealed 11 different species of zooplanktons belonging to 4 different classes namely 3 rotifers, 4 cladocerans, 3 copepods and 1 ostracod. Among rotifers, Brachionus falacatus is abundant. Ceriodaphnia cornuta is predominant among cladocerans. Among copepods, numerical superiority was found in case of Nauplius. Ostracoda was represented by only one genus i.e. Stenocypris. Maximum percentage of Cladocera (34.89%) and minimum percentage of Ostracoda (6.77%) were observed. Margalef’s index (R1) and Menhinick index (R2) values (1.038 and 1.061) were found to be highest in April, 2013 and October, 2012 respectively. Lowest values (0.558 and 0.577) were found in July, 2012 and February, 2013. The Simpson’s index (n) varied from 0.222 in April’13 to 0.667 in July’12. The Shannon index (H’) was found to be in the range of 0.451 in July’12 to 1.355 in April’13.

First Breeding Record of the Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilus javanicus (Horsfield, 1821) from Bokaro District, Jharkhand, India

First Breeding Record of the Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilus javanicus (Horsfield, 1821) from Bokaro District, Jharkhand, India

Impact of the Implementation of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in Some Selected Areas of Jharkhand

Generation of employment for the poor in the rural areas is one of the important components of the antipoverty and the rural development strategy adopted by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. None of the earlier programmes could lead to the production of sustainable rural infrastructure. At the same time, none of those programmes ensured to the rural populace, the right to work, enshrined in the Constitution as a fundamental right to every citizen of our country. Keeping this shortcoming in mind, and to provide ensured wage employment to the rural population, the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) Government introduced the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in February 2006. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of the National Rural Employment Guaranee Scheme in Bokaro district of Jharkhand in four villages; two from each of the Petarwar and Chas blocks. A total four villages namely Lukaia, Jaruatand, Radhanagar, and Pindrajora and 100 beneficiary households were selected for the present study. The data were collected during October-December, 2011. The data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, range and paired t-test. The study revealed that the beneficiary households have developed abundant self esteem and confidence through this job scheme. The biggest problem, according to the implementing agencies, is the lack of coordination among the various government departments and the refusal, especially by the railways and forest departments, to grant the no objection certificate.

Impact of the Implementation of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in Some Selected Areas of Jharkhand

Generation of employment for the poor in the rural areas is one of the important components of the antipoverty and the rural development strategy adopted by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. None of the earlier programmes could lead to the production of sustainable rural infrastructure. At the same time, none of those programmes ensured to the rural populace, the right to work, enshrined in the Constitution as a fundamental right to every citizen of our country. Keeping this shortcoming in mind, and to provide ensured wage employment to the rural population, the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) Government introduced the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in February 2006. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of the National Rural Employment Guaranee Scheme in Bokaro district of Jharkhand in four villages; two from each of the Petarwar and Chas blocks. A total four villages namely Lukaia, Jaruatand, Radhanagar, and Pindrajora and 100 beneficiary households were selected for the present study. The data were collected during October-December, 2011. The data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, range and paired t-test. The study revealed that the beneficiary households have developed abundant self esteem and confidence through this job scheme. The biggest problem, according to the implementing agencies, is the lack of coordination among the various government departments and the refusal, especially by the railways and forest departments, to grant the no objection certificate.