Boiler Station Research Articles

PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS MELALUI UPAYA ENVIROMENTAL RISK ANALYSIS UNTUK MENDUKUNG PELAKSANAAN GREEN PRODUCTIVITY

PG XYZ as one of the sugar industries that have the potential for waste pollution needs to make improvements both in the production process and in the management of its environment. With various existing waste conditions such as in industrial wastewater. Therefore, a systematic application is needed to minimize the possibility of environmental risks. so that identification, assessment and analysis of environmental risk based on the concept of environmental risk management using qualitative methods, semi-quantitative methods and the significance of aspects. followed by EPI calculation to support the implementation of green productivity. the objectives of this study are to identify and analyze environmental risks in the sugar processing industry wastewater based on the concept of environmental risk management. Evaluate the factors that influence the productivity of environmental performance to support the implementation of green productivity. The result of this study is that installation of wastewater treatment has a low risk with a total risk value of 77 which means that management is carried out by routine procedures. Whereas the results of the environmental risk assessment of production activities which have the most environmental impact are turbine oil lubrication at the boiler station with a score of 1701, at the blotong process purification station with a score of 729. Factors that influence environmental performance productivity are the performance of the boiler station and oil from the turbine steam that is carried into liquid waste. EPI index measurement results have a positive value of 35.24%, this indicates that the environmental performance of the sugar mills studied is good enough.

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT IN HEATING SYSTEMS OF SETTLEMENTS

In order to save fuel and energy resources and to reduce the negative impact on the environment, the state of Ukrainian fuel and energy complex requires improvement and development of an updated energy saving policy. There are a lot of negative consequences of environmental pollution caused by energy companies, in particular greenhouse gases, water pollution, and deteriorating of human health. The implementation of suggested above measures to improve the heat supply efficiency provides environmental requirements in terms of reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere, consumption of natural gas and water by the local boiler stations. Their implementation has resulted in a follow points: economic effect of measure implementation, characterized by saving of natural gas costs; environmental effect, characterized by reducing of the harmful emissions into the atmosphere; environmental-economic effect, characterized by reducing of environmental tax. The studies have shown that there is a significant difference between the capital cost of events and the economic result. In most cases, the capital expenditures significantly exceed the economic and environmental - economic result of the boiler stations and heating networks modernization in Sumy city. Keywords: heat supply schemes, energy supply, modernization of heat supply facilities, environmental effect, prevented environmental and economic damage, environmental effect, ecological and economic effect.

Components of small and medium sized HLMC reactor plant circuits

Small and medium sized lead and lead-bismuth cooled reactors currently under development in Russia are Generation IV reactors. This paper presents a review and new scientific and engineering solutions which are in line with the evolutionary development of small and medium sized reactor plants with heavy liquid metal coolants (HLMC). A growing interest in small and medium sized reactor plants for transpolar applications, as well as for regional and other NPPs, and the emerging trend towards the substitution of coal-fired boiler stations for small modular reactors initiate R&D on new designs and operational solutions for fast neutron HLMC reactor plants. Such solutions are based on unique domestic experience of building and operating ground prototype test facilities and series lead-bismuth cooled reactor plants, as well as nuclear power units for various applications. These solutions provide for improved properties of advanced HLMC reactors, primarily in economic and safety terms, as compared to other small and medium sized reactor plants. Theoretical and experimental work was undertaken at Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University (NNSTU) for justifying small and medium sized reactor plant designs with horizontal steam generators (BRS-GPG). Nonconventional scientific and engineering solutions have been considered aimed to improve the cost effectiveness and safety of HLMC NPP units, including for the localization of a potentially dangerous severe accident of the “intercircuit steam generator break” type. The review and integrated research results are presented which make it possible to justify nonconventional engineering solutions for the BRS-GPG reactor plant (reactor circuit circulation pattern, steam generator type, reactor circuit heat removal in standby and emergency modes, etc.).

Catalytic Effect of the Iron-Containing Microspheres of Fly Ash on the Oxidation of Diesel Fuel in Vibrofluidized and Fluidized Beds of an Inert Material

The oxidation of diesel fuel was studied using the vibrofluidized and fluidized beds of disperse river sand in the presence of iron-containing microspheres isolated from the fly ash of coal boiler stations: ferrospheres and cenospheres activated with iron oxide. The results were compared with the available data on the oxidation of diesel fuel using the microspheres of commercial catalysts for complete oxidation of organic compounds. In the presence of ferrospheres and cenospheres with deposited iron oxide at 500–600°C, deeper oxidation of diesel fuel was observed than in the vibrofluidized bed of an inert material (river sand). The most complete oxidation (84.3%) was observed with ferrospheres at 700°C. The ferrospheres used in the oxidation of diesel fuel in the fluidized bed of the inert material showed lower activity under these conditions than the commercial catalysts based on СuСr2О4/А12О3 and disperse Fe2O3. Nevertheless, higher oxidation rate, 97.8%, can be achieved in the presence of ferrospheres by arranging flare combustion of diesel fuel above the bed. In this case, the flame length decreases by half compared with that above the bed of the inert material. This, as well as the decreased CO content and unburnt carbon in combustion products, indicate the catalytic activity of ferrospheres fed to the flame.

ELECTRIC POWER QUALITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS OF BOILER STATIONS AND HEATING SUBSTATIONS USING PUMPS OPERATED BY VARIABLE-FREQUENCY DRIVE

Power electronics devices are widespread in diff erent engineering systems for housing and public utilities. But they have negative impacts on the power source. A typical example is using of the pumps, operated by variable frequency drive, in boiler stations and heating substations. The using helps both the energy savings and the electric power quality declination. If boiler station is supplied by emergency generator the electric power quality declination signifi cantly increases. Electric power quality parameters are analyzed using a simulation model, built in MATLAB/Simulink, in diff erent situations. The recommendations to ensure the specifi ed electric power quality in the electric power system are created.

A SYSTEM OF AUTOMATED GREENHOUSE FEEDING WITH CO2

At present time, the significant deficiency of СО 2 for plants cultivated in greenhouses is one of the factors limiting the photosynthesis and carbonate accumulation leading to decrement of vegetable plant productivity. The development of necessary gas atmosphere inside greenhouses is the same as important as maintaining temperature regimes. In the world, there are different solutions for greenhouse feeding with СО 2 . Nowadays, the most effective and ecologically safe equipment for greenhouse feeding with СО 2 is that provide, not only a smoke-like gas, but also a purified food quality carbon dioxide. This technology required system of gas pipe lines for greenhouses and system of automated control for gas feeding. Moreover it is necessary to install the storage facilities for liquid carbonic acid, gas generator, heating system and other equipment. Such a complex for automatic greenhouse feeding with СО 2 ‘Kaskad’ has been worked out by OOO ‘Kaskad’ that has successfully developed the systems for carbon-dioxide feeding for 10 years. The system that combined automatic supplying outcoming gas from boiler station, and liquid СО 2 injecting into greenhouse room was developed in 2015. The system enables to be integrated into the feeding liquid СО 2 and existing system of supplying the outcoming gas from boiling station.

ЗНЯТТЯ ОБМЕЖЕНЬ ПОТУЖНОСТІ КОТЛА ШЛЯХОМ КОРИГУВАННЯ АЕРОДИНАМІКИ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ДУТТЬОВИХ ТРАКТІВ

The results of forced steam boiler stations research and modernization. Reconstruction of boilers to reduce pressure loss and increase the output power. Localization of dissipative zones in flow parts by the method of visual diagnostics flow patterns

Life Cycle Assessment in the Energy Generation Process - Variant Analysis in Metallurgical Industry

Life Cycle Assessment in the Energy Generation Process - Variant Analysis in Metallurgical IndustryThe Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the environmental management techniques, which aims to assess potential hazards to the environment of products, processes or entire systems. The role of LCA has been increasing as it was proposed in many EU and Polish official documents. The present paper aims to analyse the environmental impact of the process of energy generation in a boiler station (hereinafter referred to as the power plant), incorporated in the integrated mill operating in the Polish ferrous metal industry. Obtained results show that the most harmful potential for the environment presents the emission of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides - this affects the respiratory system. The following impact factors potentially affecting the production of energy in the power plant are the climate change category, carcinogenic factors and fossil fuels. Moreover, comparative study for four variants of annual operation of the power plant was performed, whereby the variants differed only by the proportion in dosage of two types of fuel: hard coal and blast furnace gas (other fuels such as natural and coke gas were left at the current levels - they are used as "starting" fuel). Using the blast furnace gas will always be less harmful alternative for the environment, as it is a waste fuel, a side product, which requires no material and energy cost to produce. The only drawback of this fuel is high carbon emission index while combusting the blast furnace gas.

Calculating the efficiency of a thermal power station boiler and systems on the basis of exergetic matrices

A method is considered in which the efficiencies of a boiler and thermal power station systems featuring a treelike distribution of energy flows and also having reversible or regenerative flows are calculated using exergetic matrices.

Optimal retrofit design and operation of the steam-supply system of a chemical complex

It is inordinately difficult to optimise the steam-supply system of a chemical complex under the condition that the production capacities of a multitude of products vary temporarily. Any of the available general-purpose methods for optimal design and operation hardly suffices for this purpose; therefore, a specific-purpose method has been developed in the current work. The efficacy of the resultant method is illustrated by optimising the steam-supply system of an existing chemical complex. The complex consists of one power-plant; one boiler station; four production plants operated in batch; one production plant operated continuously; and one pipeline network.

The Station B Chimney of the New York Steam Co

In connection with the plans of the Merrimac and Pacific Mills chimneys, I, at the request of the Secretary, present a brief description of the chimney, and incidentally of the boiler station of the New York Steam Company, constructed under my direction at “Station B” of that company, in Greenwich street, between Cortlandt and Dey streets, New York. This chimney may be called a “creature of circumstances,” from the fact that it was necessary to erect boilers of sixteen thousand horse-power on an irregularly shaped plot 75 feet in width and on the average less than 120 feet deep, and the chimneys were necessarily shaped to suit the space available.