Bohai Rim Region Research Articles

Diurnal variations of greenhouse gases emissions from reclamation mariculture ponds

Dissolved concentrations, saturation status, and emission fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in two reclamation mariculture ponds in the Bohai Gulf, China, were measured using the static headspace gas chromatography method and computed using a two-layer model of diffusive gas exchange. The study was conducted during August 2016 to assess diurnal variations in GHGs emissions. The main influencing factors of GHGs emissions from the ponds under the disturbance of artificial management were identified using Spearman correlation analyses and multiple stepwise regression analyses. Results showed that dissolved GHGs concentrations were stable throughout the day, whereas GHGs emission fluxes showed a clear diurnal variation with larger daytime values. The diurnal variation of N2O emission fluxes was greater than that of CO2 and that of CH4. Results also showed that pH of pond water was negatively correlated with CO2 and N2O emission fluxes and that air temperature was positively correlated with CH4 and N2O emission fluxes. In addition, ammonia (NH4+-N) was positively correlated with CH4 emission fluxes; water temperature and salinity were positively correlated with N2O emission fluxes. The estimated annual emissions from the reclamation aquaculture in Tianjin and the Bohai Rim region were 2.53 × 105 kg C–CO2, 6.94 × 103 kg C–CH4 and 1.11 × 103 kg N–N2O, and 3.42 × 107 kg C–CO2, 9.36 × 105 kg C–CH4 and 1.50 × 105 kg N–N2O respectively, indicating the important contribution of this fishery sector to GHGs emissions.

Coordination Evaluation of Regional HSER Complex System: An Empirical Analysis Based on 14 Major Cities in China

According to the coordination theory of complex system, this paper establishes a coordination evaluation index system of regional HSER complex system. Taking the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Bohai Rim Region, Northeast China, Central and Western China as study areas, this paper explores a coordination evaluation of regional HSER complex system within 14 major cities in China over the period 2010 to 2018. The empirical evidence suggests that the coordination degrees of the HSER complex system of the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Bohai Rim Region are significantly higher than that of the Northeast, Central, and Western regions in China.

Spatio-temporal Evolution of Marine Fishery Industry Ecosystem Vulnerability in the Bohai Rim Region

The building of the ocean power strategy and the implementation of the blue agriculture plan urgently need to strengthen the sustainable development of marine fishery. Taking vulnerability as the starting point, this paper constructs the vulnerability index system of marine fishery industry ecosystem from the aspects of sensitivity and response capacity, and combines the entropy method with the Topsis to comprehensively analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of vulnerability of marine fishery industry ecosystem in the Bohai Rim Region from 2001 to 2015. The results show that: 1) In the time dimension, from 2001 to 2015, the vulnerability of the marine fishery industry ecosystem in the Bohai Rim Region shows a fluctuant and degressive trend; 2) In the spatial dimension, the spatial distribution of the marine fishery industry ecosystem vulnerability in the Bohai Rim Region presents the gradient characteristics which shows high vulnerability in the east and low vulnerability in the west. According to the evolution track of the system’s vulnerability level, the vulnerability of the marine fishery industry ecosystem is divided into ‘declining’ and ‘stable’ types of evolutionary structures; 3) The development of marine fishery in the Bohai Rim Region needs to be derived from the marine fishery’s ecological environment and the industrial development mode and structure, which can improve the marine environment remediation efforts, optimize the marine fishery industry structure, vigorously focus on pelagic fishery, and enhance the introduction of marine fishery’s science and technology talents, etc. Then, the marine fishery’s development in the Bohai Rim Region will be moving in the green, circular and sustainable direction.

Coastal transportation system joint taxation-subsidy emission reduction policy optimization problem

Abstract Water transport is an important way to reduce carbon emissions in a coastal transportation system (CTS). With the goal of minimizing government financial expenditures, this paper establishes a CTS joint taxation-subsidy emission reduction policy optimization model. This model is able to optimize the government’s tax and subsidy policy implementation plan for a CTS considering the non-cooperative game among shippers and the Stackelberg game led by the government and followed by carriers and shippers. Based on the active set algorithm, a local optimal solution algorithm for the model is designed. Numerical experiments are performed using the container transportation network of the Bohai Rim region of China. Two sensitivity analysis experiments are conducted on the traffic volume of the CTS and the capacity of waterway links. The results show that the government can reduce the regional carbon emission level with less investment and without significantly increasing the regional freight rate through a reasonable set of highway transportation tax and waterway transportation subsidy plans. As an important way for coastal areas to achieve green transportation, water transport will play an important role in promoting the sustainable development of coastal transport.

Coupling and Coordinated Development of Marine High-end Human Resources and Marine Innovation Economic Development Capability

Wei, Y., 2019. Coupling and coordinated development of marine high-end human resources and marine innovation economic development capability. In: Gong, D.; Zhu, H., and Liu, R. (eds.), Selected Topics in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 94, pp. 605–608. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The coupling degree model and the coupling coordination degree model are used to measure the degree of coupling and coordination between the two, and the coefficient of variation method is used to analyze regional differences. Through the investigation, the author found that the coupling degree between Hebei Province and Liaoning Province is low, the fluctuation is large, and the regional difference is obvious. The coefficient of variation of the degree of coupling between regions is calculated, the coefficient of variation is gradually reduced, and the difference between regions is significantly reduced. The carrying capacity of marine resources and environment is positively correlated with the potential of marine economic development. The entropy method is used to measure the environmental carrying capacity of marine resources and the potential for economic development in the Bohai Sea. The results show that the coupling degree between marine economic development potential and marine resource environmental carrying capacity in the Bohai Rim region is generally higher than 0.8 and less than 0.8. This space shows the stable coupling and coordination of the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree between Tianjin and Shandong Province.

Port collaborative development based on rough set theory

As a strategic resource for the region to participate in global economic cooperation and competition, the coordinated development of ports within the port group is of great practical significance to promote its own and regional economic development. In order to better promote the port’s rational development and resource allocation, this paper uses the rough set reduction method based on information entropy to determine the attribute weight and importance of the system order parameter index and uses the port group system coupling measure model to obtain the port coupling degree. Then, different coupling states are distinguished according to the coupling degree of the port, and the level of the coordinated development of the port is described. Finally, through the empirical analysis of the three major port groups in the Bohai Rim region, the level of coordinated development of ports within the three major port groups is analyzed.

Uncovering the driving mechanism of regional synergistic development based on Haken model: case of the Bohai Rim region

Regional synergetic development in urban agglomeration or economic circle is one of the most significant features of regional sustainable development. The driving mechanism of regional synergistic development in the Bohai Rim region during period 2001–2012 has been explored based on the Haken model in two phases when identifying the order parameters in the synergistic development system. Meanwhile, this paper also proposes the modified approach to evaluate the synergistic development level through determining the distance between the system status point and system balance point, the latter of which is assessed by the potential function of synergistic development system. The results showed that: (1) the order parameter of regional synergistic development in the Bohai Rim region has been transformed from the regional comparative advantage index in the phase one (2001–2005) to both regional correlation intensity index and regional industrial division index (2006–2012), revealing that the Bohai Rim region has stepped into a new situation of synergistic development; (2) it shows the gentle changes in the distance between the system status point and the system balance point of the study area in two phases, which indicates the region still harbors a weak synergistic development level; (3) the Bohai Rim region should depend more and more on the radiation capability from Beijing to the other provinces and the industrial division degree among all provinces. The study can provide the scientific basis for the management and policies in the sustainable development of the Bohai Rim region.

Spatial-temporal Variation of Ozone Concentration and Its Driving Factors in China

Based on the ozone monitoring data from 2015 to 2017, this study presents the spatial-temporal variation of the ozone concentration and its driving factors in major cities in China via Kriging interpolation, spatial autocorrelation analysis, hotspot analysis, and geographical detector. The results show that:① The ozone pollution became increasingly heavier from 2015 to 2017, with the number of cities in which the 90th percentile of daily maximum 8-h ozone concentration exceeded the air quality standard (GB 3095-2012) increased from 74 to 121, and the proportion of non-attainment days increased from 5.2 percent to 8.1 percent. ② Ozone pollution mainly happened from April to September, during which the non-attainment days contributed 87.5 percent to 95.3 percent to the yearly total number of ozone polluted days. From May to July, ozone concentrations increased the most dramatically, with the proportion of non-attainment days increasing from 10.6 percent in 2015 to 20.5 percent in 2017. Moreover, in 2017, 83.0 percent of the moderate ozone pollution and 91.0 percent of the severe ozone pollution happened from May to July. ③ With the ever increasing ozone concentration over the North China Plain, the high ozone polluted areas such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration are connected geographically. They form the most highly polluted area in China, which includes the Bohai Rim region, Zhongyuan urban agglomeration, Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, Shanxi Province, Guanzhong area, and the middle part of Inner Mongolia. In addition, cities in Pearl River Delta region, Chengdu-and-Chongqing urban agglomeration, and the southern part of East China are also gathering speed in terms of ozone pollution, among which Chengdu-and-Chongqing urban agglomeration has become a new ozone-polluted center. ④ The spatial agglomeration of ozone concentration has been enhanced year by year with hot spots distributed mainly in the North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In contrast, there are cold spots in Northeast China, Southwest China, and Southern China. ⑤ The analysis results from geographical detector show that meteorological factors, industrialization, urbanization, and emissions of ozone precursors all have a significant effect on the distribution of the ozone concentration, but there are also discrepancies in the priority of the driving factors in different regions and seasons.

Spatially resolved risk assessment of environmental incidents in China

The prevention and control of environmental risks, especially incidental environmental risks, are essential for building an eco-environmental safety system. Risk assessment is an important premise and foundation for effective environmental risk management that can provide management priorities. Although many scholars have made substantial contributions to risk assessment of environmental incidents at the enterprise and regional scales, there is a lack of systematic assessment at the national scale. In this paper, we assessed the spatially resolved environmental incident risks at a resolution of 1 km × 1 km in China at the national scale based on risk field and vulnerability theories. Our results show that the proportion of high-risk areas account for 0.5% of mainland China, and the relatively high-risk areas account for 1.2%. The relatively high or above-risk levels are primarily distributed throughout the Yangtze River Delta Region, Pearl River Delta Region, Bohai Rim Region, and Chengdu-Chongqing Region. Spatially resolved maps enable us to understand the spatial characteristics and identify the hot spots of environmental incident risks, which can provide scientific references for macro policymaking relating to environmental risk management. Adjustments to industrial layout and structure are recommended to reduce the risk levels of incurring environmental incidents in China.

Ecological efficiency evaluation and spatial evolution in Bohai Rim region

Ecological efficiency evaluation and spatial evolution in Bohai Rim region

生态文明建设背景下的碳排放趋势分析——基于环渤海地区的面板数据

生态文明建设背景下的碳排放趋势分析——基于环渤海地区的面板数据

Assessment of regional sustainability based on the weak HSDI and strong HSDI: Case study of the Bohai Rim region in China

Assessment of regional sustainability based on the weak HSDI and strong HSDI: Case study of the Bohai Rim region in China

Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Pear Psyllids (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Chinese Pear Orchards

Pear psyllids are among the most damaging pests in pear orchards, but little knowledge exists of psyllid species in cultivated pear orchards in China. In this study, DNA sequence analyses of the 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) DNA regions were performed to identify pear psyllids from 28 regions of 20 provinces in China and to classify their genetic relationships to understand the origin of the species. The results showed that Cacopsylla chinensis Yang et Li (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) was found in most pear orchards in China, but Cacopsylla qianli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) was found in only the cities of Guiyang (Guizhou province) and Xiangyang (Hubei province). The results for the 16S rDNA and COI regions were similar. Based on the nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and COI, C. chinensis could be divided into three groups: lineages I, II, and III. Based on 16S rDNA and COI, lineage II showed approximately 4% and 3% difference from lineage I, and lineage III showed approximately 12% and 9% difference from lineage I, respectively. C. chinensis lineage I was found in most provinces of China, while C. chinensis lineage II samples were mainly found in the Bohai rim region of China, and lineage III samples were found in Northeast China. The results of this study will provide information to pear producers regarding effective control measures to prevent further damage from pear psyllids.

Fatty acids, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in paired muscle and skin from fish from the Bohai coast, China: Benefits and risks associated with fish consumption

Fish consumption benefits early cognitive development and cardiovascular health because of the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fish, but toxic pollutants in fish, like dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), may decrease or counteract these benefits. In this study, the fatty acids, dl-PCBs, and PCDD/Fs were analyzed in paired muscle and skin from 13 fish and one squid species from the Bohai coast, which have been influenced by serious dioxin pollution from the Bohai Rim Region. The total fatty acid concentrations in the muscle and skin were 2.6–87 and 3.6–156 mg/g wet weight (ww), respectively. The total polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were higher in skin than muscle for almost half of the species. The total PCDD/F and dl-PCB toxic equivalents in the muscle and skin were 0.055–0.68 and 0.0099–0.43 pg/g ww, respectively, and were up to five times higher in the muscle than in the skin for eight species. Few benefit–risk studies for fish consumption with and without skin have been performed, so benefit–risk quotients (BRQs) for eating only muscle, only skin, and eating both were calculated. To achieve the recommended 250 mg of EPA + DHA intake, eating only muscle, only skin, and eating both from seven species with BRQs < 1 would cause no significant risk. Removing skin before eating is not necessary for these species. Three fish species had BRQs < 1 for muscle only but BRQs > 1 for skin only. Removing skin before eating would be better for these species. The other four fish species had BRQs > 1 for eating only muscle, only skin, and eating both, indicating the potential risk caused by PCDD/F and dl-PCB. Amounts of the four fish species consumed should be decreased, and other sources of EPA and DHA should be selected.

From hierarchy to networking: the evolution of the “twenty-first-century Maritime Silk Road” container shipping system

ABSTRACTContainer shipping gives a rise of international trade since the 1960s. Based on navigation data start from the mid-1990s to 2016, this paper empirically analyses the spatial pattern of China’s international maritime linkages along the “twenty-first-century Maritime Silk Road”. We interpret such evolutionary dynamics in terms of growth, hierarchical diffusion and networking phases. Networking is a new stage of the evolution of the port system, which is approached based on the graph theory, complex network methods and geomatics, the paper discusses the networking’s basic characteristics: multi-hub spatial agglomeration, the connection of the network develops across space, functional differentiation and a division of labour appear among ports. Our results show that, while the scope of China’s maritime linkages had expanded overtime, more foreign ports become connected to the “Maritime Silk Road”. In addition, the external linkages of domestic ports tend to be dispersed, reflecting upon the decline of Pearl River Delta ports and the rise of Yangtze River Delta ports, with mixed evidence for the Bohai Rim region. Lastly, the analysis underlines the emergence of a polycentric shipping system, from the Hong Kong dominance to the more diversified Shanghai/Ningbo/Shenzhen configuration. Academic and managerial implications are included.

Occurrence and risk assessment of fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines in cultured fish from a coastal region of northern China.

Occurrence and levels of 11 fluoroquinolones (FQs) and four tetracyclines (TC) in 14 cultured fish species from a coastal city in the northern China were investigated. Five FQs (ofloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and sarafloxacin) and oxytetracycline were detected. Lower detection frequencies of antibiotics were observed in the marine fish. The concentrations of ΣFQs ranged from not detectable (nd) to 130ng/g wet weight (ww) (median, 7.2ng/g ww), and the concentration range of ΣTCs was nd to 200ng/g ww (median, nd ng/g ww). The Chinese snakehead contained the highest concentrations of ΣFQs (130ng/g ww) and the small yellow croaker accumulated the highest concentrations of ΣTCs (200ng/g ww), respectively. Although the calculated estimated daily intakes (EDI) suggested that the consumption of these cultured fish from this region was not associated with significant human health risks, this study provides useful information that will be helpful in the appropriate antibiotic use in aquaculture. To our knowledge, this can be the first report on the occurrence and levels of antibiotics in cage-cultured marine fish from the Bohai Rim region, China.

基于脆弱性视角的环渤海地区人海关系地域系统时空特征及演化分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于脆弱性视角的环渤海地区人海关系地域系统时空特征及演化分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201701060056 作者: 作者单位: 辽宁师范大学海洋经济与可持续发展研究中心;浙江工商大学旅游与城市管理学院,浙江工商大学旅游与城乡规划学院,辽宁师范大学海洋经济与可持续发展研究中心,辽宁师范大学海洋经济与可持续发展研究中心,辽宁师范大学海洋经济与可持续发展研究中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: K902 基金项目: 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大课题（16JJD790021）；国家自然科学基金项目（41601114） Vulnerability-based analysis of the spatial-temporal dynamic patterns of the human-sea territorial system of the Bohai-rim region, China Author: Affiliation: Study Center of Marine Economy and Sustainable Development,Liaoning Normal University;China;School of Tourism and City Administration,Zhejiang Gongshang University;China,School of Tourism and City Administration,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Study Center of Marine Economy and Sustainable Development,Liaoning Normal University,Study Center of Marine Economy and Sustainable Development,Liaoning Normal University,Study Center of Marine Economy and Sustainable Development,Liaoning Normal University Fund Project: Foundation: Major Project Based on Key Research Institute of Humanities&Social Science (16JJD790021), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41601114) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:脆弱性已成为全球环境变化与可持续性科学研究的前沿领域，人海关系地域系统作为海洋地理学研究的重要内容，研究一定地域范围内人海地理空间的结构特征及演变规律。以环渤海地区为例，首先，对其海洋资源、海洋科技力量和人才资源及海洋基础设施等进行概述，分析海洋经济的发展过程；其次，以脆弱性为切入点，运用集对分析法分析环渤海地区人海关系地域系统脆弱性演进及影响因素；最后，运用三角图法对1996-2012年环渤海地区人海关系地域系统脆弱性进行类型分异，进而有针对性地提出降低脆弱性的对策。结果表明：①环渤海地区人海关系地域系统脆弱性指数发展变化不同，但均呈下降态势，稳定性显著增强；②环渤海地区人海关系地域系统脆弱性属于单一子系统脆弱型的次数较少，复合子系统脆弱型和均衡脆弱型是主要类型，出现次数较多；③可通过加强陆海统筹，优化海洋产业结构，加强海洋污染治理，推进海洋科学技术创新，加快人才培养和加强基础设施建设等措施实现降低人海关系地域系统脆弱性。 Abstract:Vulnerability in human-sea territorial system is a research frontier in regional sustainable development. Studies carries out in human-sea system are of significance to not only the enrichment of the theories of human-land territorial system, but also marine sustainable development. Firstly, we analyzed the marine resources, marine science and technology, marine infrastructure, and marine economic development process of the Bohai-rim region in China. The human-sea territorial systems include three subsystems:the human-sea resources and environment subsystem, the human-sea economic subsystem, and the human-sea society subsystem. Subsequently, we combined the methods of set pair analysis, vulnerability assessment, and combination weight to obtain each index weight, taking the Bohai-rim region as an example to analyze the evolution trends and major factors influencing the vulnerability of the human-sea territorial system from 1996 to 2012. On the whole, the results showed a declining trend of the vulnerability of human-sea territorial system of the Bohai-rim region during the past 17 years. This shows that the vulnerability index of Shandong is smaller than that of the other provinces; the vulnerability index of Liaoning which belongs to the second tier declines the most; Hebei and Tianjin belong to the third tier, and their vulnerability indexes are relatively higher with the likelihood of a greater decline. Lastly, we classified the vulnerability of human-sea territorial system of the Bohai-rim region from 1996 to 2012 by using the triangle methodology. The results showed that the vulnerability of single subsystem was less than the vulnerabilities of balanced and complex subsystems. This suggests that to reduce the vulnerability of human-sea territorial systems of the Bohai-rim region, we should strengthen the co-ordination of land and sea to optimize the marine industrial structure, take measures to strengthen the control of marine and environmental protection, develop science and technology and cultivate talents, at the same time, to strengthen the construction of marine infrastructure. This paper presents some references for improving the theory and method of the research on the vulnerability of coastal regional and human-sea territorial systems in different regions under the consistent framework. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Quantifying the spatial ripple effect of the Bohai Sea ice disaster in the winter of 2009/2010 in 31 provinces of China

The existence of multiple disaster-hit regions with spatially heterogeneous economic structures is vital to the investigation of the spatial ripple effects of disaster disturbances in the inter-regional supply-demand chain. We employed the inter-regional input-output (IRIO) model to modify the adaptive regional input-output model (ARIO) and reproduce indirect economic losses (IELs) after the Bohai Sea ice disaster event in the mainland of China. The results showed that the total IEL in China comprised 38% of the direct economic loss. The disaster area (the Bohai Rim region) lost 1460.55 million CNY, and other provinces were burdened with 49% of the total IEL. Agricultural services absorbed 44% of the total IEL in China. Furthermore, lingering effects of the disaster were detected in non-disaster areas ∼5–10 months after the removal of the spatial ripple effect compared with the disaster areas. Finally, the difference in total IEL in China caused by spatial heterogeneity in the supply-demand chain was ∼46.8%. Our findings suggest that the spatial ripple effect and the spatial heterogeneity of economic structures play an important role in the extent of disaster impacts on inter-regional economic systems.

Spatiotemporal Variations and Driving Factors of Air Pollution in China.

In recent years, severe and persistent air pollution episodes in China have drawn wide public concern. Based on ground monitoring air quality data collected in 2015 in Chinese cities above the prefectural level, this study identifies the spatiotemporal variations of air pollution and its associated driving factors in China using descriptive statistics and geographical detector methods. The results show that the average air pollution ratio and continuous air pollution ratio across Chinese cities in 2015 were 23.1 ± 16.9% and 16.2 ± 14.8%. The highest levels of air pollution ratio and continuous air pollution ratio were observed in northern China, especially in the Bohai Rim region and Xinjiang province, and the lowest levels were found in southern China. The average and maximum levels of continuous air pollution show distinct spatial variations when compared with those of the continuous air pollution ratio. Monthly changes in both air pollution ratio and continuous air pollution ratio have a U-shaped variation, indicating that the highest levels of air pollution occurred in winter and the lowest levels happened in summer. The results of the geographical detector model further reveal that the effect intensity of natural factors on the spatial disparity of the air pollution ratio is greater than that of human-related factors. Specifically, among natural factors, the annual average temperature, land relief, and relative humidity have the greatest and most significant negative effects on the air pollution ratio, whereas human factors such as population density, the number of vehicles, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) witness the strongest and most significant positive effects on air pollution ratio.

Contribution of ship emissions to the concentration of PM2.5: A comprehensive study using AIS data and WRF/Chem model in Bohai Rim Region, China

Compared with on-road vehicles, emission from ships is one of the least-regulated anthropogenic emission sources and non-negligible source of primary aerosols and gas-phase precursors of PM2.5. The Bohai Rim Region in China hosts dozens of large ports, two of which ranked among the top ten ports in the world. To determine the impact of ship emissions on the PM2.5 concentrations over this region, two parts of works have been conducted in this study. First, a detailed ship emission inventory with high spatiotemporal resolution was developed based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Then the WRF/Chem model was applied to modeling the impact of ship emissions by comparing two scenarios: with and without ship emissions. The results indicate that the total estimated ship emissions of SO2, NOX, PM10, PM2.5, CO, HC, and CO2 from Bohai Rim Region in 2014 are 1.9×105, 2.9×105, 2.6×104, 2.4×104, 2.5×104, 1.2×104, and 1.3×107tonnes, respectively. The modeling results indicate that the annual PM2.5 concentrations increased by 5.9% on land areas of Bohai Rim Region (the continent within 115.2°E–124.3°E and 36.1°N–41.6°N) due to ship emissions. The contributions show distinctive seasonal variations of contributions, presenting highest in summer (12.5%) followed by spring (6.9%) and autumn (3.3%), and lowest in winter (0.9%). The contribution reaches up to 10.7% along the shoreline and down to 1.0% 200km inland. After examining the statistics of the modeling results during heavy and non-heavy haze days in July, it was found that 6 out of 9 cities around the Bohai Rim Region were observed with higher contributions from ship emissions during heavy haze days compared with non-heavy haze days. These results indicate that the impacts of ship emissions on the ambient PM2.5 are non-negligible, especially for heavy haze days for most coastal cities in the Bohai Rim Region.