Body Resistance Research Articles

Do skeletal muscles compete with each other for growth?

Within the resistance training literature, a within-subject training model is often used to compare two separate training interventions within the same individual. While this model has some advantages related to statistical power, potential concerns have been raised when investigating changes in muscle strength. Conversely, it is currently believed that muscle growth is driven by local mechanisms. Thus, a within-subject design could potentially still be used if the sole outcome variable is changes in muscle size. What remains less clear, however, is whether the magnitude of skeletal muscle growth with resistance training is negatively influenced by the amount of muscle recruited within a given training period (e.g., upper body exercise only vs. same upper body exercise plus lower body resistance exercises). We hypothesize that there might be a competition for resources on skeletal muscle growth when more muscles are activated within a given training session and/or period, which might be moderated by energy availability. Determining the extent to which muscle exercised during resistance training influences skeletal muscle growth may provide important methodological considerations for researchers and practitioners alike. From a practical sense, if the competition of resources exists, one may benefit from specializing a certain muscle group to train within a given training period while deemphasizing other muscle groups.

PENDAMPINGAN KELOMPOK TERNAK AYAM UNTUK PEMBUATAN JAMU HERBAL (CARA FERMENTASI) DI DESA URAUR, KECAMATAN KAIRATU KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT

Free-range chicken farming is a business that has the potential to meet family needs, and has a large role in supporting the community's economy. Many of these farms are found in rural areas, generally of a traditional nature. Simple housing and simple feeding such as providing kitchen waste. The rest of the chickens themselves have to try to survive and fulfill their food needs in the yard. The negative impact of maintenance like this is low production and damage to yard plants. The main aim of this activity is to maintain livestock health by making and administering herbal medicine/fermented herbal medicine which is made together in groups (demonstration plots). Apart from that, train and motivate farmers to improve the rearing system so that they can develop free-range chicken farming businesses and become providers of chicken seeds. The target of implementing community service activities is a group of village chicken breeders in Uraur village, Kairatu sub-district, who have the will to implement new innovations to increase production and welfare of their families/community as well as for the chicken breeder community in general. The success of this activity is measured by the farmer's attention to chicken farming. Chickens given herbal medicine have better body resistance to disease and extreme environmental influences.

Application of a double-balloon method to remove button battery at the entrance of esophagus in a 17-month-old child: a case report

BackgroundSince children have strong desire for exploration and poor safety awareness, foreign body impaction in the digestive tract is one of the most common critical conditions in children. Due to the popularity of electronic products, button battery ingestion by mistake is also increasing in children. Button battery impaction in the esophagus can cause serious complications such as esophageal cauterization and perforation in a short time. Therefore, more active treatment strategies should be taken once button battery ingestion occurs. Surgical treatment is traumatic and prone to cause various complications, so removal of foreign body retained in the esophagus under endoscopy is the preferred strategy.Case presentationWe introduced a new method to remove the button battery retained in the esophagus of a 17-month-old child. Soon after the patient arrived at the hospital, we actively arranged endoscopic surgery. After the gastroscope entered the esophageal inlet, we first cleaned up the esophageal residues, and then, the button battery was exposed. The surrounding esophageal mucosa showed a little cauterization-like damage. We tried to remove the foreign body using foreign body forceps first, but failed after repeated attempts. Then, we tried to use a disposable balloon to assist in dragging the foreign body, but because the patient was younger with narrower esophagus and the drag resistance of the foreign body was abnormally large, this method also did not work. Violent dragging may cause tearing and perforation of the esophagus. Hence, we used a columnar balloon to help expand the esophagus and successfully removed the button battery at the entrance of the esophagus. For this new method, the columnar balloon was used to expand the esophagus and the button battery was clamped with foreign body forceps, and then, the foreign body was dragged by a disposable stone removal balloon. Because two types of balloons were used, it was named double-balloon method.ConclusionsFor the foreign body retained in the esophagus of younger children, the double -balloon method is recommended when the foreign body cannot be removed by traditional methods.

Ester-Modified Sodium Silicate Grout Material for Moraine Stabilization: Synthesis and Freeze-Thaw Resistance.

To achieve effective consolidation of fine particles in moraine and enhance the freeze-thaw resistance of the consolidated body, this study developed a novel grouting material using sodium silicate, lipid-based curing agents, and acidic catalysts. The gelation time and rheological properties of this material were tested. The freeze-thaw resistance was studied through changes in uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) after freeze-thaw cycles, while the consolidation mechanism was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results indicate that the material's gelation time can be controlled between 30s and 1600s, with an initial viscosity ranging from 5.9 to 9.8 mPa·s. Predictive models for these two indicators were established, and variance analysis revealed the influence ranking for gelation time: phosphoric acid dosage had the greatest effect, followed by EGDA content, with the Baume degree of sodium silicate having the least effect. The initial viscosity positively correlated with the Baume degree of sodium silicate and exhibited exponential growth over time. EGDA addition enhanced UCS by over 450%, reaching 1.2 MPa. During freeze-thaw cycles, strength degradation of the consolidated body was reduced by 10% to 30%. Microstructural tests showed that EGDA promotes silica gel formation and creates a network structure with unreacted sodium silicate, forming a dense consolidated body with moraine fine particles, thereby enhancing freeze-thaw resistance. These findings provide design references and theoretical support for moraine grouting in cold regions.

Human body resistance dynamics in the post-covid period

The issue of the state of specific and nonspecific resistance in the post-COVID period and the possible consequences of COVID-19 remains poorly understood. A clinical and laboratory examination of 124 patients was conducted at various time points after COVID-19 infection. 62 patients recovered completely and 62 had post-COVID syndrome. The leukocyte count and leukogram were evaluated in all patients. Immunogram parameters were additionally evaluated in patients with post-COVID syndrome. The results showed that, regardless of post-COVID syndrome, leukocyte count is lower in all patients within six months after COVID-19 infection than in unaffected subjects. The absolute neutrophil count is restored only 12 months later. In the presence of post-COVID syndrome, the absolute number of CD3+, CD4+and CD19+lymphocytes was lower than in healthy people. At the same time, 3 to 15 months after that, IgA titer in patients with PCS was significantly lower and that of for total IgM and IgG was higher without any clinical or laboratory signs of inflammation. The total blood IgE level was significantly higher and increased by the end of the observation period. A decreased activity of nonspecific protection, as well as indicators of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with post-COVID syndrome is accompanied by higher rate of viral and bacterial infections of various localization. Whereas during the first period an increase in total blood ID is not accompanied by clinical signs of atopy, then 6 months later the frequency of allergy increases. During the same period, cases of a joint syndrome revealed as arthralgia or progressive joint destruction become more frequent. Atopic manifestations are often combined with joint syndrome. Thus, after a COVID-19 infection, a low long-term level of nonspecific protection remains in vivo. In patients with post-COVID syndrome, low nonspecific and specific body resistance is manifested by viral and bacterial infections of the mucous membranes and skin. An imbalance in the immune system contributes to developing allergic and autoimmune processes.

Exercise benefits following breast cancer surgery – a narrative review

One of the most common cancer diseases among women is breast cancer. Treatment following breast cancer surgery leads to many complications. Exercises play an important role from the immediate post operative period which could help in preventing post-surgical complications. Prevention of complications improves the quality of life of women. Though women feel that performing exercises following treatment are difficult there are many positive effects of exercises. This current study was done with an objective to analyse the various effects of exercises especially on the resisted exercises in preventing Secondary lymphedema (SL) and to focus light on the benefits of the exercises during and after chemotherapy. Literature search of PubMed, Clinical Key and Google scholar was performed. For women recovering from breast cancer surgery, resisted exercises, either by themselves or in combination with aerobic exercises, were safe and effective. These exercises improved upper body strength, increased endurance, decreased adipose tissue, decreased waist and hip circumferences, increased lean body mass, improved cardiovascular fitness, improved self-esteem, and decreased depression. Women with breast cancer related lymphedema had a considerable improvement in pain after performing deep breathing exercises combined with upper limb movements. Exercise can help mitigate the negative effects of chemotherapy and helps to overcome cancer related fatigue. Along with conventional exercises including range of motion exercises and aerobic exercises, moderate-intensity upper body resistance exercises are recommended to be a part of exercise protocol prescribed and educated to the women following breast cancer surgery for them to lead a better quality of life.

Evaluation of the Corrosion Resistance of 904L Composite Plate in a High-Temperature and High-Pressure Gas Field Environment

In order to study the corrosion resistance of 904L composite plate pressure vessels under a high-temperature and high-pressure gas field environment, the pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking resistance of a 904L composite plate body and weld material were compared with those of a 2205 composite plate and 825 composite plate, which are used in high-temperature and high-pressure gas field environments. The results showed that the pitting resistance of the 904L composite plate was lower than that of the 825 composite plate and higher than that of a 2205 solid-solution pure material plate and a 2205 composite plate. The corrosion resistance of the 625 welding material is higher than that of the E385 welding material. In the simulation of the corrosion environment of a high-temperature and high-pressure gas field, the corrosion rates of the 904L composite plate body, welding seam, and surfacing welding were all less than 0.025 mm/a, indicating slight corrosion, and the sensitivity coefficient of chloride stress corrosion cracking was less than 25%, indicating low sensitivity. The 904L composite plate met the requirements of corrosion resistance for pressure vessel materials in a high-temperature and high-pressure gas field environment.

Fabrication and Characterization of Biocompatible Multilayered Elastomer Hybrid with Enhanced Water Permeation Resistance for Packaging of Implantable Biomedical Devices.

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of hexadecyl-modified SiO2 (HD-SiO2) nanoparticles and their application in the fabrication of a multilayered elastomer hybrid sheet to enhance water resistance in implantable biomedical devices. The surface modification of SiO2 nanoparticles was confirmed via FT-IR and TGA analyses, showing the successful grafting of hydrophobic hexadecyl groups. FE-SEM and DLS analyses revealed spherical HD-SiO2 nanoparticles with an average size of 360 nm. A multilayered elastomer hybrid sheet, consisting of a PDMS-based circuit-protecting body, a water resistance layer of HD-SiO2, a planarization layer, and a biocompatible layer of polydopamine, was fabricated and characterized. The water resistance layer exhibited superhydrophobic properties, with a water contact angle of 154.7° and a 27% reduction in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) compared to the circuit-protecting body alone. The device packaged with both the circuit-protecting body and water resistance layer demonstrated a tenfold increase in operational lifespan in water medium compared to the device without the water resistance layer. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation tests on human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFn) confirmed the biocompatibility of the multilayered sheet, with no significant cytotoxicity observed over 48 h.

Protecting Electrical Workers in Conducting Locations with Restricted Movements

Conducting Locations with Restricted Movements (CLRs) pose unique electrical hazards due to the extensive presence of grounded conductive materials with which a person is likely to come into contact and the restricted freedom of movement of workers within these spaces. Extended physical contact is not solely a result of spatial constraints. It could also be associated with the specific tasks that workers need to execute. An example of this is work conducted on a transmission tower. This paper investigates the electrical safety measures necessary to protect operators in such environments. By examining the role of body resistance and the impact of different current pathways, this author highlights the inadequacy of the conventional disconnection of supply fault protection measure in CLRs. The paper discusses protective strategies, including supplementary equipotential bonding, use of double or reinforced insulation, electrical separation, and extra-low voltage systems. These measures are critical in mitigating the risk of electric shock and ensuring safety of workers in CLRs.

Myocardial contractile function in the post-traumatic period of cardiac contusion in rats with different stress resistance: A preclinical experimental randomized trial

Background. Pathogenesis of cardiac contusion involves primary traumatic and secondary hypoxic mechanisms of myocardial contractile function depression as well as body reactions aimed at adapting to altered environment. A significant part of these reactions is realized in the context of stress. The intensity of the stress component in myocardial dysfunction is largely determined by the individual stress reactivity of the body. Objectives. To assess the contractile function and functional reserves of the myocardium of rats with a high and low level of stress resistance in the post-traumatic period of cardiac contusion. Methods. A preclinical experimental randomized trial involved 134 white mature nonlinear male rats weighing about 270 g. The animals were divided by sequentially performed Open Field and Porsolt Forced Swim tests into 2 groups: group 1 — animals with low stress resistance, group 2 — animals with high stress resistance. Within each group, the animals were randomized into control and experimental subgroups. In the experimental subgroups, 6, 12 and 24 hours after simulating cardiac contusion, the force and rate indicators of myocardial contractility were evaluated using the Fallen isolated heart model. The summary measures of the study included assessing the contractile force and rate of isolated hearts of rats with low and high stress resistance, particularly under conditions of high-frequency rhythm load (ranging from 4.0 to 8.3 Hz) during the post-traumatic period of cardiac contusion. Data analysis was performed using software packages MS Office 2013 (Microsoft Corporation, USA) and Statistica, v. 10 (StatSoft, USA). The differences were considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. 6, 12 and 24 hours after simulating a cardiac contusion, contractile force and rate of isolated hearts decreased in group 1 and group 2. In low stress-resistant animals, immediately following the stabilization period and during high-frequency rhythm test, the contractility force and rate in isolated hearts were statistically significantly lower (p = 0.0008) compared to those recorded in highly stress-resistant individuals. During the stimulation of a high-frequency rhythm, isolated hearts in the experimental group revealed diastolic dysfunction at all time points. In highly stress-resistant animals, diastolic dysfunction occurred at a heart rate of 300 min-1 and above, whereas in low stress-resistant animals, it manifested at a heart rate of 240 min-1 and above. At the same heart rate, diastolic dysfunction in low stress-resistant animals was statistically significantly greater (p = 0.0008) compared to that of highly resistant animals. Conclusion. The post-traumatic period following experimental myocardial contusion is characterized by a reduction in the force and rate of myocardial contractility, as well as a decrease in functional reserves of the myocardium, regardless of stress resistance. High stress resistance is associated with better preservation of cardiac contractile function and contractility reserves, whereas low stress resistance correlates with a more pronounced degree of myocardial dysfunction and a significant reduction in functional reserves of the contused heart. Differences in the severity of contractile dysfunction under conditions of high and low body resistance to stress can be attributed to varying degrees of secondary myocardial damage in the contused area, resulting from the misbalance between stress-activating and stress-limiting mechanisms involved in the development of secondary damage.

The effect of a probiotic drug on an enterosorbent on the change in the functional activity of humoral factors of nonspecific immunity of the Russian Lena sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstadtii × Acipenser baeri)

In modern aquaculture, probiotic drugs are used to increase the immunologically determined natural resistance of the fish body, regulate their immune homeostasis, prevent stress, prevent diseases and form normal intestinal microflora of fish at all stages of development. The use of these drugs in compound feeds can solve a number of problems related to the immunological and physiological state of the fish body, affecting the antimicrobial activity expressed by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides, suppression of bacterial invasion, and prevention of adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms to epithelial cells. In addition, the drugs will help to improve the barrier function, expressed by an increase in mucus production, strengthening the integrity of the epithelial barrier. This article presents information about the experimental study of the effect of a probiotic drug on the enterosorbent “Ecoflor” on the dynamics of bactericidal activity of blood serum, the concentration of nonspecific immune complexes in blood serum and immunocompetent organs, the number of immunodeficient individuals, as well as on the level of C-reactive protein of the Russian Lena sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstadtii x Acipenser baeri). It was found that the use of a probiotic drug in experimental dosages of 5–9 g/kg of compound feed has an effect on the indicators of nonspecific humoral immunity. Thus, the Russian- Lena sturgeon, grown on compound feeds with probiotic on enterosorbent, had an increased level of BABS and the absence of IMD of individuals. In addition, the probiotic contributed to a decrease in the concentration of nonspecific immune complexes in the blood serum and immunocompetent organs of the Russian-Lena sturgeon, and the results of the analysis for SRB allowed us to conclude that the drug used does not cause inflammatory reactions in the body of sturgeon fish.

Surgical management of severe noncompressible torso and organ hemorrhages

Noncompressible torso hemorrhages (NCTH) are now recognized as the leading cause of preventable death in the context of severe military and civilian injuries. Approximately 20% of all trauma patients still die from uncontrolled bleeding associated with rapidly evolving disorders of blood coagulation function. Summary of recent advances in the field of nonsurgical and surgical management, presentation of current treatment concepts and future research directions. Selective literature review and analysis. The concepts for the early treatment of NCTH have considerably evolved over the last decade. The updated definition of NCTH includes acombination of high-grade anatomic body trunk injury, hemodynamic instability, urgent need for hemorrhage control, and aggressive hemostatic treatment. The treatment concepts consider the following 3 aspects: controlling the source of bleeding (close the tap), maintaining organ perfusion and restoring hemostasis (fill the tank) and increasing the body's resistance to ischemia (upgrade the armor). New tools, well-established damage control concepts and early and aggressive therapeutic intervention for hemostatic failure have significantly improved the outcomes. Future research needs to refine and validate the current concepts for further clinical application.

Prospects for increasing the functionality of milk-containing products through the use of non-traditional plant raw materials

It is an undeniable fact that nutrition is an important and integral part of human life. Unfortunately, nutrition is not always complete and balanced. It has been established that only rational nutrition is the lever by which it is possible to ensure normal growth and development of the body. Food industry enterprises are trying to create exactly such conditions for adequate human adaptation to the regalia of the surrounding world, namely, they develop and produce specialized products that contribute not only to disease prevention, but also to a stable increase in mental and physical performance. Moreover, these activities do not contradict the state policy in terms of improving the health of the population, through the introduction of healthy nutrition products into the retail network, through various assistance to manufacturing enterprises (subsidies, grant support). Regarding manufacturers of milk-containing food products, the importance of which is undeniable, they quite actively promote product lines for certain segments of the population, for example, children, pregnant and lactating women and the elderly. The main objective of the research is to develop a technology for a milk-containing product (drinking yoghurt) that includes several functions important for humans, namely, functional, diabetic, probiotic ones. The product is given the specified functions by including scientifically substantiated components in the recipe, including those from non-traditional raw materials. Standard and individual research methods have been used to confirm the quality indicators of the finished product. The main results of the research include determining the type of plant material that meets the specified requirements and characteristics and contributes to giving the finished product additional properties (prebiotic, functional, diabetic). The final result of the research is obtaining a product that helps increase the body resistance to the negative environmental effects. The use of secondary plant materials for food purposes, which contributes to the design of a food product with a certain quality composition and specified consumer properties, in comparison with existing analogues, can be considered the novelty of the research.

A review of intensive contract poultry farming in Nigeria

Contract farming (CF) is a sort of vertical integration in agricultural commodity chains that provides a business with strong control over several operational processes, including the production process, the features of the items, quantity, quality, and timeliness of project execution. Birds were first domesticated by humans as farm animals, and as a result, many years ago, the contemporary practice of raising birds began with the harvesting of their eggs and young from their natural habitat. The Nigerian poultry industry falls into three main categories: small-, medium-, and large-scale, which are also referred to as backyard, semi-commercial, and commercial respectively. Contract farming emerged as an alternative to traditional or spot market-based agricultural production and was introduced into Nigeria under a variety of business names, including CHI, AMO, ANIMAL CARE, and ZARTECH, among others. Nigeria consumes 192.69 MT of poultry meat and egg products annually, resulting in enormous environmental impacts that have not been adequately addressed because of the growing use of contract farming. Contract farming has always received a lot of attention from academics and policymakers. Even though contract farming acknowledges the transfer of technology, prospects for increased revenue, and improved access to inputs, a great deal of research has focused on the risks that smallholder farmers face. In recent years, debate has erupted regarding the benefits and dangers of factory poultry production considering rising awareness of the challenges it poses to public health and the environment. This review reveals that backyard flocks of chickens can thrive independently of large-scale poultry operations. Survival traits including tiny size, hardiness, sluggish growth, low mature body weight, tolerance, or resistance to common local disease organisms and parasites define local chickens.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) detects body resistance increase in dogs undergoing blood donation.

Using raw parameters of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and derived Phase Angle (PhA) has emerged as an alternative to conventional predictive BIA for body fluid volumes and body composition estimation in human patients, offering an approach independent of predictive equations. Classic predictive equation-based BIA remains unsuitable for veterinary clinical practice due to the high morphological variability within the canine species. This study aimed to validate the feasibility of BIA in dogs and assess its utility in detecting changes in body fluid volumes, particularly in blood donation. Sixty healthy blood donor dogs and ten controls were longitudinally assessed using BIA raw parameters with a portable analyzer at a 50kHz frequency. Measurements were performed before and after blood donation in donor dogs, whereas in controls, they were carried out at two time points, approximating the timing of a donation. Significant increases in raw bioelectrical parameters were observed after blood donation in the donor group, while differences were not statistically significant in controls. Hematocrit values did not significantly differ between the two time points in both groups. These findings suggest the feasibility of using BIA to detect changes in body fluid volumes in dogs undergoing blood donation, highlighting its potential application in veterinary medicine. Further research should explore the applicability of BIA in spontaneous pathological conditions involving fluid loss or retention and investigate the potential utility of PhA as a prognostic or monitoring tool in veterinary clinical practice. This study provides valuable insights into using BIA in canine medicine, paving the way for enhanced diagnostic and monitoring strategies in clinical practice.

Neurovascular coupling during dynamic upper body resistance exercise in healthy individuals.

During unilateral static and rhythmic handgrip exercise, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) increases in the contralateral side to the exercising limb. However, whether this neurovascular coupling-mediated increase in contralateral MCAv is apparent against a background of fluctuating perfusion pressure produced by dynamic resistance exercise (RE) is unclear. We examined the cerebral haemodynamic response to unilateral dynamic RE in 30 healthy individuals (female=16, mean±SD: age, 26±6 years; height, 175±10cm; weight, 74±15kg; body mass index, 24±5kgm-2). Participants completed four sets of 10 paced repetitions (15 repetitionsmin-1) of unilateral bicep curl exercise at 60% of the predicted one-repetition maximum (7±3kg). Beat-to-beat blood pressure, bilateral MCAv and end-tidal carbon dioxide were measured throughout. One-way ANOVA was used to analyse cardiovascular variables and two-way ANOVA to analyse dependent cerebrovascular variables (side×sets, 2×5). A linear mixed model analysis was also performed to investigate the effects of end-tidal carbon dioxide and mean arterial blood pressure on MCAv. In comparison to baseline, within-exercise mean arterial blood pressure increased (P<0.001) across the sets, whereas bilateral MCAv decreased (P<0.001). However, no significant interaction effect was observed for any dependent variables (all P>0.787). The linear mixed model revealed that end-tidal carbon dioxide had the greatest effect on MCAv (estimate=1.019, t=8.490, P<0.001). No differences were seen in contralateral and ipsilateral MCAv during dynamic RE, suggesting that neurovascular coupling contributions during dynamic RE might be masked by other regulators, such as blood pressure.

Results of Experimental Studies of a Disk Working Body in a Soil Channel

The article presents the results of experimental studies of a rotary disk soil-cultivating working body in a soil channel which revealed the dependences of the draught resistance of the disk working body on the angle of attack, the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation to the horizon and the depth of soil cultivation. The optimal (providing minimum draught resistance) values of the angle of attack and the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation to the horizon were determined.

Application of the Lambert function in the analytical solution of ballistics problems for flat flight trajectories of a material body, taking into account the gaseous (air) medium

Annotation. The paper describes the use of a special Lambert function for solving problems of ballistics of a material body, when the resistance of a gaseous (air) medium is taken into account. A model of quadratic (based on the speed of movement of a body) resistance of the medium within the limits of an approaching flat trajectory is considered. Problem. Problems of ballistics of a material body are considered in courses of theoretical mechanics, as well as in specialized literature. But, in addition to the cited literature, this research, like, for unraveling the simplified level of the material body in the problems of ballistics for flat trajectories of the power of a special function Lambert, which allows us to essentially simplify the algorithm for developing the parameters of the trajectory of a gentle slope (floor) type. Goal. The goal of the work is based on a framed model of a material body for flat trajectories in problems of modern ballistics on this basis, using a special Lambert function, to be controlled by a visible decoupling Didion, the determination of the main parameters of these types of crash trajectories. Methodology. Physic, mechanical and mathematical models are constructed that adequately describe the parameters of the collapse of a material body/particle that collapses along a flat trajectory when the wind is not supported , which are proportional to the square of the fluidity of the particles. For a more manual description of the parameters of the trajectory of the motion, there is a special Lambert function, which is tabulated in [1], or can be expanded with the help of computer in the middle of “Maple 8”. Practical value. The results obtained in the work can be used to improve and clarify engineering methods of calculation in problems of external ballistics of a material body, taking into account the quadratic (in terms of movement speed) resistance of the air environment

Pengenalan dan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA) Untuk Kesehatan

Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) are plants that are used to meet family health needs traditionally. This research aims to inventory the types of TOGA that are known and used by the community, as well as assessing their development potential. The research was conducted in the Nangka Bugang area, Pasuluhan sub-district using survey, observation and in-depth interview methods. People use TOGA to treat minor illnesses, increase body resistance, and prevent disease. Knowledge of using TOGA is generally passed down from generation to generation, but there is a decline in interest among the younger generation. TOGA has great potential to be developed, both in terms of utilization and conservation. Efforts that can be made include increasing public knowledge and awareness, developing TOGA cultivation, optimal and sustainable development of TOGA that can contribute to public health, the economy and the environment.

STUDY OF STEVIA ECAPSULATION FOR USING IN PROBIOTIC DELIVERY SYSTEMS

At the moment, incoming products, beverages, raw materials on the market must comply with the requirements of State standards and safety requirements. The question of nutritional value is growing every day, based on the fact that the constant use of healthy foods develops the body's resistance to various diseases. Such products are called useful or functional products. An equally urgent task for today's specialists is the development of a functional fermented milk product that contains a pleasant sweet taste from natural Stevia plant extract. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a natural sweetener, which has many useful properties. For example, one of the first benefits in low-calorie content does not include fast carbohydrates. So, Stevia has less effect on blood sugar levels and does not increase insulin and is suitable for diabetics. In addition, Stevia extract can be used as prebiotic for co-encapsulation with probiotic microorganisms to enrich functional beverages. Purpose of this study is investigation of formulation parameters for reсeiving саpsules whiсh сreаte а strong bаrrier to penetrаtion of the encapsulated substаnсe to the externаl environment; the саpsules providing more effiсient mаnifestаtion of а сomplex of biologiсаl, phаrmасologiсаl, preventive or mediсinаl properties of bаgged substаnсe. Development of cаpsules of the long term of storаge in whiсh the асtive loaded mаteriаl is proteсted by аn envelope аnd саn preserve activity in vаrious pH environments became the most perspective. Ionic gelation method through extrusion represents a simple encapsulation technique that does not require organic solvents, making it suitable for both hydrophobic or hydrophilic compounds. Stevia extract -loaded Alginate-Chitosan particles with improved physicochemical properties with a process yield of 88-89% were obtained. The release kinetics of active agent was monitored using UV-vis spectroscopy and showed a slow release within 24 hours. Thus, the slow kinetics of the release of the agent demonstrates the effectiveness of the methodology of encapsulation based on the ionic gelation and hardening of shell. Сreаtion of саpsules with the ingredients enсаpsulаted inside, hаving thermostаble properties, resistаnсe to influenсe of асidiс environments аnd enzymes, meсhаniсаl аnd osmotiс resistаnсe to influenсe of externаl physiсаl аnd сhemiсаl fасtors, suсh аs meсhаniсаl effeсt, temperаture inсreаse, сhаnge of pressure, аnd аlso inсreаse in proteсtion of bаgged substаnсes remains as an actual problem at present time. The morphology, average diameters of wet and dry microcapsule were determined by optical microscopy using Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions GmbH, version E_LCmicro_09Okt2009. Twenty microparticles were randomly selected from triplicate batches to determine size distribution. The compositions of microcapsules for analysis on a scanning electron microscope were applied to a highly conductive graphite tape. SEM equipment was used to determine the pore size on the surface of the microparticles. Studies results showed that sizes of microcapsules were 720-830 µm, and color was determined by color of loaded agent. Microencapsulation allows not only protect active agent from aggressive environment, prolong activity, but also can be used for development product with useful properties for human health. Funding: This research is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP19679879).