Body Weight Shift Research Articles

Effect of an 18-month physical activity and weight loss intervention on body composition in overweight and obese older adults

ObjectiveOur primary objective was to determine the long-term effects of physical activity (PA) and weight loss (WL) on body composition in overweight/obese older adults. Secondarily, we evaluated the association between change in body mass and composition on change in several cardiometabolic risk factors and mobility.Design and Methods288 older (X±SD: 67.0±4.8 years), overweight/obese (BMI 32.8±3.8 kg/m2) men and women participated in this 18 month randomized, controlled trial. Treatment groups included PA+WL (n=98), PA-only (n=97), and a successful aging (SA) health education control (n=93). DXA-acquired body composition measures (total body fat and lean mass), conventional biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk, and 400-m walk time were obtained at baseline and 18 months.ResultsFat mass was significantly reduced from (X±SE) 36.5±8.9 kg to 31.7±9.0 kg in the PA+WL group (p<0.01), but remained unchanged from baseline in the PA-only (−0.8±3.8 kg) and SA (−0.0±3.9 kg) groups. Lean mass losses were three times greater in the PA+WL group compared to PA-only or SA groups (−2.5±2.8 kg vs. −0.7±2.2 kg or −0.8±2.4 kg, respectively; p<0.01); yet due to a larger decrease in fat mass, percent lean mass was significantly increased over baseline in the PA+WL group (2.1%±2.6%; p<0.01). Fat mass loss was primarily responsible for WL-associated improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, while reduction in body weight, regardless of compartment, was significantly associated with improved mobility.ConclusionThis 18 month PA+WL program resulted in a significant reduction in percent body fat with a concomitant increase in percent body lean mass. Shifts in body weight and composition were associated with favorable changes in clinical parameters of cardiometabolic risk and mobility. Moderate PA without WL had no effect on body composition.

Biodegradable and amphiphilic block copolymer–doxorubicin conjugate as polymeric nanoscale drug delivery vehicle for breast cancer therapy

Polymeric nanoparticles have shown great promise as attractive vehicles for drug delivery. In this study, we designed, prepared and characterized biodegradable amphiphilic triblock HPMA copolymer–doxorubicin (copolymer–DOX) conjugate based nanoparticle as enzyme-sensitive drug delivery vehicle. The enzyme-sensitive peptide GFLGKGLFG was introduced to the main chain of the copolymer with hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks. The triblock HPMA polymer–DOX conjugate with high molecules (Mw 90 kDa) can be degraded to product with low molecule weight (Mw 44 kDa) below the renal threshold. The copolymer–DOX conjugate can self-assemble into compact nanoparticle, which was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) studies. This polymeric nanoparticle substantially enhanced antitumor efficacy compared to the free DOX, exhibiting much higher effects on inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis on the 4T1 murine breast cancer model confirmed by the evidences from mice weight shifts, tumor growth curves, tumor growth inhibition (TGI), immunohistochemical analysis and histological assessment. The in vivo toxicity evaluation demonstrated that the polymeric nanoparticle reduced DOX-induced toxicities and presented no significant side effects to normal organs of both tumor bearing and healthy mice as measured by body weight shift, blood routine test and histological analysis. Therefore, the triblock HPMA copolymer–DOX conjugate based nanoparticle is promising as a potential drug delivery vehicle for breast cancer therapy.

Opioid‐mediated sustained ligand‐activated preconditioning induces cardiac protection in type II diabetes mellitus

Classic preconditioning is impaired in aged and diabetic hearts; however, opioid‐mediated sustained ligand‐activated preconditioning (SLP) is effective in aged myocardium. Here we test cardioprotective effects of SLP in a mouse model of type II diabetes (T2D) induced by streptozotocin with 2 months of high fat feeding. T2D mice exhibited markedly elevated body weight (30%) and fasting glucose, decreased ability to handle glucose loading, and myocardial dysfunction on echocardiography.Analysis of isolated perfused hearts revealed substantially greater contractile dysfunction and LDH efflux, following ischemia‐reperfusion in T2D vs. non‐diabetic hearts. SLP (5 days subcutaneous morphine pellets) reversed T2D contractile dysfunction in vivo and enhanced ex vivo I‐R tolerance to levels observed in non‐diabetic hearts (also protected by SLP), in association with significant improvements in Ca2+‐dependent mitochondrial swelling and respiratory function, with suppressed ROS generation. SLP also normalized blood glucose and induced a 20% fall in body weight.In summary, T2D‐dependent cardiac dysfunction and ischemic intolerance are reversed by SLP in association with mitochondrial preservation and shifts in glucose homeostasis and body weight. SLP may be a novel intervention in disease states refractory to conventional approaches.Research support provided by NIH, VA Merit and QLD Intl Fellowship.

Body weight changes and corresponding changes in pain and function in persons with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A cohort study

To determine if a dose-response relationship exists between percentage changes in body weight in persons with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and self-reported pain and function. Data from persons in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) and the Multicenter Osteoarthritis (MOST) study data sets (n = 1,410) with symptomatic function-limiting knee OA were studied. For the OAI, we used baseline and 3-year followup data, while for the MOST study, baseline and 30-month data were used. Key outcome variables were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) physical function and pain change scores. In addition to covariates, the predictor variable of interest was the extent of weight change over the study period divided into 5 categories representing different percentages of body weight change. A significant dose-response relationship (P < 0.003) was found between the extent of percentage change in body weight and the extent of change in WOMAC physical function and WOMAC pain scores. For example, persons who gained ≥10% of body weight had WOMAC physical function score changes of -5.4 (95% confidence interval -8.7, -2.00) points, indicating worsening physical function relative to the reference group of persons with weight changes between <5% weight gain and <5% weight reduction. Our data suggest a dose-response relationship exists between changes in body weight and corresponding changes in pain and function. The threshold for this response gradient appears to be body weight shifts of ≥10%. Weight changes of ≥10% have the potential to lead to important changes in pain and function for patient groups as well as individual patients.

Compelled Body Weight Shift Approach in Rehabilitation of Individuals With Chronic Stroke

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the compelled body weight shift (CBWS) therapy approach in the rehabilitation of individuals with chronic stroke. CBWS involves a forced shift of body weight toward a person’s affected side by means of a shoe insert that establishes a lift of the nonaffected lower extremity. Method: Eighteen individuals with chronic, unilateral stroke (mean age 57.7 ± 11.9 years, with a range of 35-75 years; mean time since stroke 6.7 ± 3.9 years, with a range of 1.1-14.1 years) who showed asymmetrical stance were randomly divided into 2 groups: the experimental group received 6 weeks of physical therapy combined with CBWS therapy, and the control group received only physical therapy. Both groups underwent a battery of identical tests (Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Berg Balance Scale, weight bearing, and gait velocity) before the start of the rehabilitation intervention, following its completion, and 3 months after the end of therapy. Results: After the intervention, weight bearing on the affected side (measured with the Balance Master) increased in the experimental group to a larger degree compared to the control group (9.7% vs 6.4%). Similarly, gait velocity increased 10.5% in the experimental group compared to the control group. Improvements in weight bearing and gait velocity were maintained in the experimental group after the 3-month retention period. Conclusion: The study outcome revealed that a 6-week intervention involving CBWS therapy could result in a long-lasting improvement of the symmetry of weight bearing and velocity of gait in individuals with chronic stroke.

Compelled Body Weight Shift Technique to Facilitate Rehabilitation of Individuals with Acute Stroke.

BackgroundThe study evaluates the effectiveness of Compelled Body Weight Shift (CBWS) approach in the rehabilitation of individuals with stroke. CBWS involves a forced shift of body weight towards a person’s affected side by means of a shoe insert that establishes a lift of the nonaffected lower extremity.MethodsEleven patients with acute stroke were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a two-week conventional physical therapy combined with CBWS and the control group received only a two-week conventional therapy. Weight bearing, Gait velocity, Berg’s Balance, and Fugl-Meyer’s Scores were recorded before and after the intervention.ResultsWeight bearing on the affected side increased in the experimental group and decreased in the control group. The increase in gait velocity with treatment was significant in both the groups (P < 0.05). However, experimental group (P = 0.01) demonstrated larger improvements in gait velocity compared to the control group (P = 0.002). Berg Balance and Fugl-Meyer scores increased for both the groups.ConclusionThe implementation of a two-week intervention with CBWS resulted in the improvement in weight bearing and gait velocity of individuals with acute stroke. The present preliminary study suggests that CBWS technique could be implemented as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitation program for individuals with acute stroke.

The perceptual threshold for overweight

Normative, global overweight may play a prominent role in perpetuating the obesity epidemic via its contribution to weight-related norms that describe what is customary in a social environment. These weight-related norms include a perceptual standard determining where body weight shifts from normal to overweight. We introduce the construct of a perceptual threshold for overweight to identify this transition point. The perceptual threshold is measured on 0–100mm scales positioned below adult and child figures. This report presents three studies that evaluate the psychometric properties of this variable. Study 1explored its independence from BMI and body image in factor analyses with diverse samples (Ukrainian, Mexican and US Black, White, and Hispanic). Study 2 was a replication of this factor structure, and Study 3 investigated the reliability of the perceptual threshold using classical test (CT) and generalizability methods (GT). In Studies 1 and 2, two factors were identified (Perceptual Threshold for Overweight and Body Image/BMI) with almost identical factor structures in six analyses. In Study 3 the CT and GT procedures demonstrated adequate reliability. These results indicate that the psychometric properties of the perceptual threshold are sound, and support its use in exploring the social transmission of weight and evaluating obesity prevention and intervention programs.

Compelled Body Weight Shift Approach in Rehabilitation of Individuals With Chronic Stroke

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the compelled body weight shift (CBWS) therapy approach in the rehabilitation of individuals with chronic stroke. CBWS involves a forced shift of body weight toward a person’s affected side by means of a shoe insert that establishes a lift of the nonaffected lower extremity. Method: Eighteen individuals with chronic, unilateral stroke (mean age 57.7 ± 11.9 years, with a range of 35-75 years; mean time since stroke 6.7 ± 3.9 years, with a range of 1.1-14.1 years) who showed asymmetrical stance were randomly divided into 2 groups: the experimental group received 6 weeks of physical therapy combined with CBWS therapy, and the control group received only physical therapy. Both groups underwent a battery of identical tests (Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Berg Balance Scale, weight bearing, and gait velocity) before the start of the rehabilitation intervention, following its completion, and 3 months after the end of therapy. Results: After the intervention, weight bearing on the affected side (measured with the Balance Master) increased in the experimental group to a larger degree compared to the control group (9.7% vs 6.4%). Similarly, gait velocity increased 10.5% in the experimental group compared to the control group. Improvements in weight bearing and gait velocity were maintained in the experimental group after the 3-month retention period. Conclusion: The study outcome revealed that a 6-week intervention involving CBWS therapy could result in a long-lasting improvement of the symmetry of weight bearing and velocity of gait in individuals with chronic stroke.

P.6.d.017 Toluene intoxication causes different effects on the brains of adult and young rats

The study of exploratory behavior in confined spaces can provide insights into both the spatial and the motor behavior of animals. In the present study, the behavior of rats placed inside of a cylinder (the cylinder test) for 5 min was examined to uncover: (1) the overall organization of exploratory behavior, (2) pattern of movement on the horizontal surface, (3) pattern of movement on the vertical surface, and (4) supporting and stepping movements. The results show that exploratory behavior is organized into a number of bouts of lateral and vertical scans with each bout ending by movement arrest and face washing. Within bouts, activity consists of alternating horizontal and vertical progressions that vary systematically over the course of a bout. Horizontal progressions consist of head scans, turning, and stepping, and decrease in amplitude across a bout. Vertical progressions consist of rears, head scans, and descent with an amplitude expressed by an inverted-U across bouts. Each horizontal and vertical progression is directed toward a different portion of the cylinder and the direction of lateral movements alternate within progressions and between progressions. For each rat, bouts tended to end in the same location suggesting the establishment of a home base. Eshkol–Wachmann movement analysis indicates that during progressions, the forepaws are mainly used for postural support and follow forequarter movements, while upward, downward, and sideward shifts in body weight are generated from the hind limbs. These findings illustrate that in even brief exploratory tests the three-dimensional exploratory behavior of rats is organized. The results are discussed in relation to the use of the cylinder test for analyzing a number of behaviors including exploration, locomotion, and supporting reactions.

Do individuals who develop transient low back pain exhibit different postural changes than non-pain developers during prolonged standing?

Previous literature has shown that individuals can develop transient low back pain (LBP) during a 2-h bout of unconstrained prolonged standing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the postural changes of individuals who develop LBP during standing (PD) and those who do not (NPD). Forty-one subjects (20 male, 21 female) participated in a 2-h prolonged standing occupational simulation and recorded their ratings of perceived LBP on a visual analog scale (VAS). Center of pressure changes (shifts, drifts, and fidgets) and body weight shifts were determined for each subject. All subjects showed an increase in the BW shift frequency and a decrease in average shift duration over the 2-h protocol. All NPD and female PD were consistent for many of the variables; however, male PD did not show similar patterns to the other groups, especially for anterior–posterior (AP) shift amplitude and total body weight asymmetry. Although gender differences between the pain groups were found, PD and NPD do not use different postural changes during unconstrained standing, showing that changes to postural control may be an “adaptive”, rather than “causative” response to their LBP development. Future works should concentrate on bridging the literature seen in quiet standing before and after prolonged standing and the response of PD, as well as the effect of an exercise intervention on postural control, especially for male PD.

Gait functional assessment: Spatio-temporal analysis and classification of barefoot plantar pressure in a group of 11–12-year-old children

Analysis of pedobarographical data requires geometric identification of specific anatomical areas extracted from recorded plantar pressures. This approach has led to ambiguity in measurements that may underlie the inconsistency of conclusions reported in pedobarographical studies. The goal of this study was to design a new analysis method less susceptible to the projection accuracy of anthropometric points and distance estimation, based on rarely used spatio-temporal indices. Six pedobarographic records per person (three per foot) from a group of 60 children aged 11–12 years were obtained and analyzed. The basis of the analysis was a mutual relationship between two spatio-temporal indices created by excursion of the peak pressure point and the center-of-pressure point on the dynamic pedobarogram. Classification of weight-shift patterns was elaborated and performed, and their frequencies of occurrence were assessed. This new method allows an assessment of body weight shift through the plantar pressure surface based on distribution analysis of spatio-temporal indices not affected by the shape of this surface. Analysis of the distribution of the created index confirmed the existence of typical ways of weight shifting through the plantar surface of the foot during gait, as well as large variability of the intrasubject occurrence.This method may serve as the basis for interpretation of foot functional features and may extend the clinical usefulness of pedobarography.

Shooting dynamics in archery: A multidimensional analysis from drawing to releasing in male archers

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between physiological and mechanical dynamics during arrow releasing in archery with the quality of the arrow shot. Four elite male archers were involved in this study. Mechanical clicker reaction time (MCRT), Integrated Electromygraphic % (IEMG %) activity of hand flexor and extensor, deltoid and trapezius were recorded at a sampling frequency of 600Hz. Aiming behaviours, aiming time, total drawing time (TDT) and full drawing time (FDT) were calculated by the first act in trapezius. Postural sway, aiming sway and body weight shifts, changes in the posture of archers toward sideways (DX) and front-back (DY), decrease in the body weight (DBW) on legs were recorded at the same sampling rate using force plates for every arrow of archers. All the measurement methods were synchronized with each other and referenced to the clicker fall. Subjects completed 30 arrows on an 18m range constructed indoors. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 12.0. It has been found that performance of male archers varies according to flexor muscle one second prior to clicker falls and that the performance increases when the muscular activity of flexor and deltoid muscles decreases. It has been stated that archers have better shots as the posture sways towards right-left within the period of holding the bow tight and as the drawing time decreases. In conclusion, archers MCRT is shorter for high performance. As muscle activity decreases, performance increases. Aiming sways on the target towards right-left, up and down and postural sways during releasing towards sideways and anterio-posterior affect performance. Drawing time may change with performance and which is affected by shift in the body weight especially after releasing.

The defence technique in Tai Chi Push Hands: A case study

Developed from traditional Chinese martial arts, Tai Chi exercise includes different forms and interactive Push Hands but biomechanical analyses have focused on the former only. To analyse the techniques of Push Hands, an experienced master was asked to defend pushing by four opponents. Movements were videotaped and digitized using a motion analysis system. Surface electrodes were used to record the electromyographic activity of ten muscle groups. Two force plates were used to measure the ground reaction force on each foot. Inexperienced individuals performed the same procedure to serve as the control group. The results indicate that the master adopted a postural adjustment to maintain balance. A clear shift of body weight from the front to the rear foot and mediolateral displacement of the centre of gravity was observed. Low electromyographic activity was observed in the upper body muscle groups, while high electromyographic activity was observed in the right rectus femoris and very high activity in the left rectus femoris during the defence. All inexperienced participants lost their balance in resisting pushing. It is concluded that the Tai Chi defensive technique includes a subtle postural adjustment that slightly changes the pushing force direction, and allows the rear leg to resist the incoming force.

Curved walking in hemiparetic patients

Curved walking requires complex adaptations, including shift of body weight to counteract the ensuing centrifugal force, and the production of strides of different length between legs. We hypothesized that gait capacities would be more stressed in hemiparetic patients than in healthy subjects when walking along curved, compared with straight, trajectories. Twenty chronic, stabilized stroke patients and 20 healthy subjects walked along straight or curved trajectories. Mean cadence and gait velocity were off-line computed from video recordings. An electronic walkway detected asymmetry of single support and degree of foot yaw angle at mid-stance. Centre of pressure during standing was recorded by posturography. Compared with linear walking, the velocity of curved walking was not significantly smaller in patients, and was independent of affected body side or direction of rotation. It was inversely correlated with paretic limb weakness, asymmetry of single support, and shift of centre of pressure toward the healthy side. External rotation of the paretic foot relatively favoured curved walking toward the paretic side. Curved locomotion is defective in stabilized stroke patients, but impairment is not dependent on direction of rotation, indicating a shared task between legs or occurrence of effective functional adaptation. These findings advocate rehabilitation exercises targeting complex gait adaptations, including curved walking.

Sagittal Plane Knee Motion in the ACL-Deficient Knee During Body Weight Shift Exercises on Different Support Surfaces

Experimental design with group comparisons. To compare anterior tibial translation and muscle activity among different exercises for early weight-bearing and neuromuscular training in individuals with a unilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and in uninjured controls. The effects of exercise and activity on tibial translation must be taken into consideration during rehabilitation after ACL injury. Twelve patients with an ACL-deficient knee and 12 age- and gender-matched controls participated in the study. Sagittal tibial translation and muscle activity were registered during the Lachman test (static translation) and 4 body weight shift exercises (dynamic translation). A Student t test with Bonferroni correction and analysis of variance were used for the statistical analysis. Forward-backward body weight shift exercise resulted in smaller anterior tibial translation compared to body weight shift from side to side. Analysis of EMG activity could not explain this difference in anterior tibial translation. The amount of anterior tibial translation or EMG activity did not change when the exercises were performed on a trampoline compared to a firm surface. Forward-backward weight shifting may be preferable in initial rehabilitation after ACL injury compared to body weight shift from side to side.

Tibial translation in exercises used early in rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Exercises to achieve weight-bearing

Accelerated rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction involves early weight-bearing. Exercises designed to achieve weight-bearing should be effective for the neuromuscular system and protect the knee from excessive anterior tibial translation. The aim of this study was to assess the anterior tibial translation under two different body-weight shift exercises at 2 weeks post-ACL reconstruction and compare this with healthy controls. Methods Seven patients at 2 weeks after ACL reconstruction and seven controls participated in the study. Dynamic sagittal tibial translation was registered during two body weight shift exercises (from side to side and forward–backward). Results There was no significant difference in maximal translation between the two exercises in the ACL-reconstructed group. In the control group, the body weight shift from side-to-side exercise resulted in larger anterior translation compared to the forward–backward body weight shift. Conclusions Two weeks after ACL reconstruction, both body weight shift exercises can be used to train body weight acceptance.

Quantification of three-dimensional exploration in the cylinder test by the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus)

The increasing trend in use of marmoset monkeys in behavioral studies has necessitated a greater understanding of their natural behavior, especially within confined spatial environments. One way to approach this issue is to examine locomotor and exploratory strategies using the cylinder test, as done recently for the rat by Gharbawie et al. [Gharbawie OA, Whishaw PA, Whishaw IQ. The topography of three-dimensional exploration: a new quantification of vertical and horizontal exploration, postural support, and exploratory bouts in the cylinder test. Behav Brain Res 2004;151:125–35]. We have used this paradigm in conjunction with Eshkol–Wachmann movement analysis in marmoset monkeys. We provide evidence that marmosets display systematic changes in both horizontal and vertical progressions during exploration. Quantitative analysis and comparison with the extant data in rats showed both similarities and differences. For example, both species display horizontal and vertical scanning movements, although the variability is considerably greater for the marmoset. The horizontal progressions consist of head scans, turning, and stepping. The amplitude of these progressions oscillates and decreases with trial duration. Vertical progressions, which consist of rears, head scans, and descent, also strongly oscillate but with constant mean amplitude during a trial. The difference between the two species is most evident in locomotor behavior. Rats use their forepaws primarily for postural support and follow forequarter movements while body weight shifts are generated by the hind limbs. Marmosets, however, can hold a vertical position without hand support and display more complex movement characteristics during exploration. The data from this study should be of use in designing experiments in which marmosets are engaged in free-roaming behavior within a confined space.

Posterior-anterior body weight shift during stance period studied by measuring sole-floor reaction forces during healthy and hemiplegic human walking

Posterior-anterior body weight shift during stance phase of human overground locomotion was investigated by recording sole-floor reaction force from five anatomically discrete points with strain gauge transducers of 14 mm diameter attached firmly to the sole of bare foot. At first the subject was asked to walk straight on the laboratory floor at his/her preferred velocity. Then the subject was asked to walk curved path of about 1 m radius. For kicking off the body at the end of stance phase, sole-floor reaction force from 3rd metatarsal was stronger than 1st metatarsal or 5th metatarsal during the straight walking, thus body weight shift is represented from heel to 3rd metatarsal line. When walking along a curved path, two types of strategies were recognized; a group of subjects walked leaning to inner leading foot during stance period as judged by stronger forces recorded from 5th metatarsal combined with stronger force from 1st metatarsal of outer trailing foot. Another group of subjects showed almost the same patterns either in the straight and curved walking, suggesting the subjects changed direction of the foot during the immediately previous swing phase to the tangent direction of the curve and placed the foot without leaning the body weight to either direction. Hemiplegic patients showed strikingly different distribution of sole-floor reaction forces from the five points; strongest forces were recorded from 3rd and 5th metatarsals combined with reduced reaction force from heel, therefore characteristic y-vector patterns were observed.

Medial–lateral balance during stance phase of straight and circular walking of human subjects

Right and left balance during human locomotion has been estimated by the distance between locations of the sequential right and left heel-strikes, or step width. During the stance phase of human locomotion one leg maintains medial–lateral balance for the progression. We focused our attention on this point, and medial–lateral balance during straight-ahead and circular walking was investigated by recording sole-floor reaction force from five anatomically discrete points of human sole; calcaneus, 1st, 3rd, 5th metatarsals and great toe. Forces from these points were recorded during straight walking and circular walking. Medial–lateral balance was obtained by subtracting force at 5th metatarsal from force at 1st metatarsal ( x-axis vector). The foot takes off the floor from medial balance in most steps, although in some steps the foot takes off from lateral balance at slower walking speed at 2 km/h or 4 km/h, showing variable patterns of x-axis vector. At faster walking speed at 6 km/h or 8 km/h body weight shifted to 1st metatarsal before taking off the floor. During circular walking body weight shift to 1st metatarsal in the outer foot, and to 5th metatarsal in the inner foot in most cases.

투구 속도 증가에 따른 타자의 발 움직임과 지면 반력의 변화

The batting performance in baseball is a repetitive movement. In order to make the stabilization of posture and the efficient shift of body weight, both the range of stance and stride are important. The previous studies explained that the consistent stride which included the amount of time, stance, and direction were needed. However, the batting performance is frequently changed according to the several speed of ball. Therefore, this study was to analyze the reaction time, the range of stance, the change of stride, and the change of GRF during the batting movement in three kinds of ball speed (120km/h, 130km/h, & 140km/h). Seven elite players are participated in this study. 1. The reaction time of the stride phase was short whereas the time of the swing phase was long according to the increasing ball speed. 2. The range of the stance was wide and the mediolateral direction of the stride was decreased according to the increasing ball speed. 3. In the three kinds of ball speed, the change of body weight was transferred to the center, the rear foot, and the front foot directions. The ball speed of 130km/h showed the high frequency of the suitable batting. At this ball speed, the movement of the body weight was shifted smoothly and the value of the Ground Reaction Force was large enough.