Body Structure Research Articles

Manual wheelchair training approaches and intended training outcomes for adults who are new to wheelchair use: A scoping review.

Wheelchair training is pivotal for safety, independence, and occupational engagement in the community, yet adults coming into wheelchair use often receive insufficient or untailored training. This research aimed to understand the range and type of manual wheelchair training approaches that exist for adults commencing wheelchair use. A systematic scoping review involved searching eight electronic databases and grey literature up to September 2023. Papers relating to manual wheelchair training for adults and their caregivers were included for data extraction. Eighty-seven articles were included in this review. The International Classification of Functioning (ICF) was used to organise and analyse data related to intended training outcomes. Consumer consultation was not included in this review; however, the outcomes suggest that involving consumers in future wheelchair training research is critical to assure community participation outcomes. Data were extracted from 87 papers. Manual wheelchair training was delivered across diverse contexts encompassing varied support structures, trainer backgrounds, and technology and was commonly directed towards wheelchair users with spinal cord injury. Intended training outcomes most frequently mapped to the activity and participation component of the ICF (n= 39), followed by personal factors (n= 27), body structures and functions (n= 18), and environmental factors (n= 3), with limited focus on longer term occupational engagement outcomes. Most existing manual wheelchair training focussed on the acquisition of individual wheelchair skill and may not facilitate generalised and long-term occupational participation outcomes. Further exploration into the contexts that support occupational engagement, particularly for older adults with progressive conditions, is required to support service provision. We looked at what manual wheelchair training approaches exist for adults who need to use a manual wheelchair and what training helps people to do/achieve. We did a scoping review that looked at literature about manual wheelchair training programs for adult wheelchair users. We found 87 research papers and training programs that we included in our review. We recorded and analysed information from all the papers about the wheelchair training programs and outcomes for people who do these programs. We found that manual wheelchair training can be done in structured or ad hoc ways, can have different amounts of training, can be provided face-to-face or online, and can be given by different allied health professionals and other wheelchair users. Most training programs had short-term outcomes like learning manual wheelchair skills, being able to use the wheelchair properly, and feeling confident about using a wheelchair. Some had longer term outcomes about being able to use the manual wheelchair in everyday activities. Most people who did the training programs that we looked at in this review were manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury. Because not many wheelchair programs have been tried with people who do not have a spinal cord injury, it is hard for occupational therapists to make recommendations about training for other people who use a manual wheelchair. Manual wheelchair training that is done in the community and made to meet the needs of individuals may help people with using their wheelchair for their everyday activities and participate in their community.

Research on differentiated lightning protection application of power lines based on laser point cloud data

Abstract The collection and processing of data in lightning protection assessment of transmission lines takes a long time and accuracy is difficult to ensure. Therefore, a laser point cloud data registration method based on pole and tower material coordinate transformation is proposed for differential lightning protection evaluation of transmission lines. Using DBSCAN algorithm, combined with point cloud data voxel filtering and noise reduction methods, to achieve data segmentation of transmission line tower body. Based on the characteristics of the symmetrical structure of the tower body, the coordinate transformation method is adopted to achieve the registration of multiple point cloud data. The parameters in the tower structure are obtained by concatenating and fusing elements such as the wire point cloud, lightning protection line point cloud, and tower point cloud. After verification by lightning protection assessment, the proposed method simplifies the processing flow of data compliance detection during the assessment process, reduces the time cost of lightning protection assessment, and greatly improves the accuracy and effectiveness of lightning risk assessment results.

How the First 1,000 Days of Life Can Shape a Child’s Future Health?

The first 1,000 days of life are an important period for children’s growth and development. From the moment babies begin growing in their mothers’ wombs until they are 2 years old, children are the most sensitive to interactions with the environment. During this time, babies grow quickly, and their organs and essential body structures are forming. Therefore, this is a very important time for mothers to keep their babies healthy, by taking care of their own health, watching what they eat and making sure they are not exposed to excessive stress or toxic substances. Doing the right things for a baby’s health during this early period can set the child on the path to a healthy life.

Quality prediction for rocket body structure manufacturing process based on improved ELM

In the current multi-variety and small-batch production mode, this paper proposes a quality prediction method for rocket body structure manufacturing process based on improved extreme learning machine (ELM). Aiming at the non-optimal problems caused by random selection of input layer weights and hidden layer bias of ELM, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is combined with gravitational search algorithm (GSA) to form a hybrid algorithm to optimize the random parameters of ELM. Taking a weld in a rocket body structure as an example, the weld width prediction model based on improved ELM is established and verified. The results show that compared with the prediction model based on the standard ELM and the prediction model based on PSO-ELM, the prediction model based on improved ELM has higher prediction accuracy, and its prediction deviation does not exceed 2.5%, which can effectively predict the weld width.

Ultrasound-guided Deep Waist Fat Liposuction: Complement to a Narrow Waist.

For body contouring, the waist plays an important role in both male and female body structure. Currently, there are procedures that aim to achieve a narrow waist as a result, to achieve an adequate waist-to-hip ratio. This study proposes a technique of ultrasound-guided deep liposuction of the lumbar triangle to achieve favorable and safe aesthetic results. The technique was applied in 142 patients who provided informed consent. During liposuction, ultrasound was used as a guide to avoid contact with vital organs, and in the postoperative stage, a satisfaction survey was administered on the aesthetic results obtained. In addition, patients had a preoperative waist measurement and a postoperative waist measurement at 3 months. The deep liposuction technique in the lumbar triangle is safe, no serious complications were observed, and the results of the satisfaction survey regarding the aesthetic result after the third postoperative month showed 100% satisfaction. In addition, it was found that the body measurements of the waist before the operation and 3 months later showed a difference between 8 and 15 cm less in the diameter of the waist after the technique was applied. Deep liposuction of the lumbar region is a safe technique, due to the use of ultrasound for patient care, and enhances patient satisfaction with the aesthetic results.

Tangential Mode Combustion Oscillation of a Bluff-Body-Stabilized Diffusion Flame: Experiments

Addressing the issue of tangential mode combustion oscillation prevalent in aviation engine afterburners, this study targets bluff body diffusion flames. Innovatively, acoustic cavities were installed on either side of the bluff body flame, forming a tangential mode oscillation. The study employed experimental methods to study the flame pulsation characteristics under tangential oscillation, identifying the phase distribution of the flame front as a distinct feature differentiating it from conventional longitudinal mode oscillation. Furthermore, it was noted that the multiperiodic pulsation of the flame surface significantly contributes to the complex variability of the flame transfer function/flame description function. The research then established a phase relationship among velocity pulsation, pressure pulsation, and heat release rate pulsation, uncovering the phase coupling mechanism inherent in oscillatory combustion. It also delved into the impact of equivalence ratio and bluff body structure on tangential mode oscillation. Modifications to the bluff body structure led to a significant suppression of oscillation, reducing the amplitude by up to 81.3%. Thus, the study concluded that the flame dynamic response characteristics play a crucial role in determining the thermoacoustic coupling intensity, especially when the combustion system’s acoustic properties are stable. This finding lays a theoretical foundation for future endeavors to mitigate tangential mode oscillatory combustion in afterburners.

Automated anthropometric measurements from 3D point clouds of scanned bodies

Anthropometry plays a critical role across numerous sectors, particularly within healthcare and fashion, by facilitating the analysis of the human body structure. The significance of anthropometric data cannot be overstated; it is crucial for assessing nutritional status among children and adults alike, enabling early detection of conditions such as malnutrition, obesity, and being overweight. Furthermore, it is instrumental in creating tailored dietary interventions. This study introduces a novel automated technique for extracting anthropometric measurements from any body part. The proposed method leverages a parametric model to accurately determine the measurement parameters from either an unstructured point cloud or a mesh. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of our approach by comparing perimetral measurements from over 400 body scans with expert assessments and existing state-of-the-art methods. The results demonstrate that our approach significantly surpasses the current methods for measuring the waist, hip, thigh, chest, and wrist perimeters with exceptional accuracy. These findings indicate the potential of our method to automate anthropometric analysis and offer efficient and accurate measurements for various applications in healthcare and fashion industries.

Design optimization of anti-spin parachute for fighter-class aircraft

Abstract In the absence of spin wind tunnel test and model free flight test support, the traditional empirical formulas had low accuracy and large dispersion, which made it difficult to effectively support the anti-spin parachute design of fighter planes. Based on the principle of spin motion, the empirical formula is modified from two aspects: aircraft aerodynamic layout and mass characteristics. At the same time, the relationship between the parachute area and the flight weight is summarized, which makes the estimated result closer to the actual value and more applicable. In addition, aiming at the problem of excessive load in the design of anti-spin parachutes, the causes of the problem are analyzed in detail. The design criterion of the anti-spin parachute is optimized. Under the premise of ensuring the recovery effect, the need to strengthen the aircraft body structure is effectively reduced. The results show that the engineering estimation methods and design criteria of the anti-spin parachute proposed in this paper are effective after simulation and actual application and can provide technical support for subsequent anti-spin parachute design of new fighter planes.

Complications associated with recovered after COVID-19 in Slovenia: Epidemiological study

Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious viral disease caused by Sars-cov-2, which affects various organ systems and leads the county in the field of body functions, body structure and, consequently, activity and participation. Since the virus binds to ACE 2 receptors, which are also present in myocytes, intestinal epithelium, vascular endothelium, kidneys and elsewhere, COVID-19 affects not only the respiratory system, but also other organ systems Aim: The purpose of the study is to determine which complications arise after recovering from COVID-19. Methods: We use a retrospective review of medical records is a research method that involves analyzing existing medical documentation to gain insights into the course of diseases, treatments, or treatment outcomes. We performed 502 reviews of medical records and identified 141 patients with post-COVID-19 complications. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS version 25.0 and show in frequency and percentage. The study was approved by the Ministry of Health, Medical Ethics Committee of the Republic of Slovenia with serial number: 0120-468/5022/6. Results: Most complications after recovering from COVID-19 were observed in the cardiovascular system (n= 79; 56.0%) and the respiratory system (n= 59; 41.8%). Most of these are Palpitations (n= 27; 19.0%), cough (n= 23; 16.2%), Pneumonia (n= 21; 17.8%) and Infectious myocarditis (n= 17; 12.0 %). After recovering from COVID-19, arterial embolism and thromboembolism occur first (14 days), followed by pulmonary embolism (16 days), pulmonary edema (23 days), sepsis (28 days) and infectious myocarditis (29 days). In addition, we noticed complications after recovering from COVID-19 on the skin, urinary system, sensory system, endocrine system, gastrointestinal system and nervous system. Conclusion: Our study has shown that COVID-19 is indeed a systemic disease. Post-COVID-19 complications will barely begin to show themselves, so we believe that we have laid a good foundation for further epidemiological research.

Rocket sports and injuries to the eye and adjacent structures

Rocket sports are growing in popularity year after year in every age group. Like any sport, these also involve an increased likelihood of injury. There are different types of injuries that can be sustained as a result of racquet sports, however, in this paper we will not focus on the most common ones. Instead, we will lean on injuries to the eyeball, which is one of the most delicate structures of the human body. Complications of eyeball injuries can have more or less serious consequences. The most serious may even be total loss of vision, but it is important to keep in mind the possibility of a relatively less serious complication, which, if inadequately treated or ignored, can also result in total blindness. The most common mechanical injury to the eyeball that occurs as a result of racket sports is hemorrhage (hyphema). Since ocular injuries are associated with a high risk of complications, it is recommended that PPE (personal protective equipment)should be an integral part of every athlete’s equipment.Interestingly, lenses or corrective glasses are not considered to be adequate forms of protection. On the contrary, during an impact, they can be damaged and cause an aggravation of the injury. It seems that the use of protective eyewear made of specially designed materials can significantly reduce the likelihood of complications of eye injuries. Equally important may be proper education and promotion of protective measures among players, both professional and amateur. The purpose of this study was to analyze the most common types of injuries to the eye and surrounding structures and the occurrence of possible complications, as well as to review of available methods of preventing these injuries.

Comparative Characteristics of the Areas of the Auricle Sectors in Young Men with Different Head Shapes

As reported in the scientific literature, data on the correlations between the shape and size of the auricle and other anatomical structures of the human body are very limited. There are no data on the relationship between the auricle and the shape of the head. The aim of the study was to determine the sizes of the auricle sectors and their correlations with the shape of the head. Material and methods. The study involved young men (n=401) aged 18-21 years. The shape of the head was determined by cephalometry. The right auricle was studied on digital images. The authors determined the area of individual sectors and their percentage ratio and analysed a linear correlation. The dynamics of the relationship between sectors in each group and between groups was studied in accordance with the shape of the head. Results. The sizes of the auricle sectors and their percentage ratio were detected. Correlation links between the sectors, the dynamics of the relationships between the sectors within one group and between the groups by head shape were revealed. Mobile and permanent sectors and dependence of their relative sizes on the head shape were identified. The relationship between the sizes of the sectors and the head shape was demonstrated. Conclusion. The areas of the auricle sectors increase from S1 to S4 regardless of the head shape. In the dolichocephalic group, all sizes have the largest absolute values, in mesocephalics - average, in brachycephalics - the smallest. The ratio of the S1 sector area to the area of other sectors are maximum in the dolichocephalic group. The ratios of the S2/S4 and S3/S4 sectors areas do not depend on the head shape and absolute values of the parameters, and are the same in all groups.

Narrative Review of the Theoretical-Methodological Foundations of the TREINI Program.

Scientific knowledge has advanced in the implementation of safe and beneficial interventions for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Although the importance of interdisciplinary interventions that integrate all components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) into family-centered practices is widely recognized, this approach is not yet widely adopted. Instead, many programs remain focused on isolated domains. This study presents the theoretical and methodological foundation of TREINI, an interdisciplinary and family-centered program developed for children and youth with CP and other neurodevelopmental disorders. TREINI incorporates intervention strategies that address all ICF domains. It is grounded in the biopsychosocial model of health and utilizes principles based on the best evidence in pediatric rehabilitation, including intensive training, task-oriented training, and a naturalistic learning environment. Unlike traditional rehabilitation approaches, the care provided by the TREINI program is delivered through an intensive and interdisciplinary approach, by a team working collaboratively in a single location. In addition to including evidence-based interventions, the TREINI program features two innovative components: the "City of Tomorrow", a naturalistic learning environment, and the "TREINI Exoflex" therapeutic suit, specifically designed to address deficiencies in the body functions and structures of children with CP and other neurodevelopmental disorders. This program has been carefully designed to support the process of neurological re-education and rehabilitation for children and adolescents with neuropsychomotor developmental delays.

Non-Contact Human Body Dimension Estimation Methods Based on Deep Learning: A Critical Analysis

With the advancement of information technology, Human Body Dimension Estimation (HBDE) is moving towards digitalization and non-contact methods. This paper critically reviews non-contact HBDE methods based on deep learning, primarily covering image-based methods, the Adaptive Body Structure Segmentation (ABSS) algorithm with height and weight measurements, and 3D meshes or point cloud data methods. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) excel in image measurement, while the ABSS algorithm with adaptive segmentation achieves high accuracy. Recent studies, such as the Grey Wolf Optimizer-Elman Neural Network (GBWO-ENN) model, have significantly improved prediction accuracy by optimizing neural network structures. Additionally, 3D point cloud data combined with the Skinned Multi-Person Linear (SMPL) model has proven effective in complex scenarios. This paper summarizes the performance of various methods, analyzes common datasets, and explores future development directions for non-contact HBDE. Despite significant progress, this field still faces challenges such as data quality, scarcity of extreme samples, and privacy issues. Future research should focus on building high-quality datasets and developing lightweight measurement networks to meet practical application needs.

Biopsychosocial factors affected by muscle dysmorphia: to what extent do clinical assessment questionnaires cover them?

Background: muscle dysmorphia (MD) affects several health-related aspects. Assessing how MD questionnaires cover biopsychosocial domains helps clinicians to better describe health status and set treatment goals. Aim: to identify clinical questionnaires for MD and link their content with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: a literature review identified MD questionnaires. The instruments’ items were linked to the ICF. Results: four questionnaires were identified: ACQ, MASS, MDDI and MDI. Forty-four significant concepts were identified from the seventy-two questionnaire items and linked to twenty-six ICF categories, with predominance of body functions (42,4%, n = 11 categories), activities and participation (34,6%, n = 9), environmental factors (19,2%, n = 5), and body structures (3,8%, n = 1). Conclusion: All instruments focused on body functions, and they poorly covered body structures and environmental factors. MASS and ACQ presented the most diverse coverage of categories, enabling broader assessment of health aspects.

Investigation on the pore size characteristics and mechanical properties of grouting materials scoured by flow water

Investigating the pore size characteristics and mechanical properties of the stone bodies formed by residual grout is crucial for understanding the authentic permeability and load-bearing capacity of grouting materials after being scoured by water flow. In this study, the pore size distribution, porosity, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and elastic modulus (E) of stone bodies formed by residual grout from polyacrylate latex-modified cement grouting material (PLMC) were systematically investigated, and pure cement grout (PC) as a control group. First, scouring tests were conducted on grouting materials with various water-to-cement ratios (w/c, 0.6–0.8) and polymer-cement ratios (p/c, 0–0.2) under different flow velocities (0–1 m/s). Subsequently, the pore size characteristics of stone bodies formed by residual grout under various conditions were studied via nuclear magnetic resonance test. Finally, the uniaxial compression tests were conducted to investigate the impact of water scouring on the mechanical properties of grouting materials, and the relationship between pore size characteristics and macro mechanical responses was analyzed. Results show that the stone bodies formed by residual grout compared to the non-scoured state develop mesopores and macropores, and the number of micropores also increased significantly. This porosity escalation results in a reduction in UCS and E. When the flow velocity reaches 1 m/s, the porosity of PLMC with w/c = 0.8 increases by 2.95 %, while UCS decreases by 14.6 % and E decreases by 37.4 %. PC demonstrates more pronounced changes, with a porosity increase of 7.01 %, UCS decreases by 32.9 %, and E decreases by 41.5 %. With the rise in w/c, the deterioration of pore structure and mechanical properties of the stone bodies formed by residual grout is more significant compared to the non-scoured state. Increasing p/c can mitigate the deterioration of the pore structure and mechanical properties. The findings provide meaningful guidance for the grouting reinforcement under dynamic water conditions.

Body structure processing and attentional patterns in infancy and adulthood.

Infants are sensitive to distortions to the global configurations of bodies by 3.5months of age, suggesting an early onset of body knowledge. It is unclear, however, whether such sensitivity indicates knowledge of the location of specific body parts or solely reflects sensitivity to the overall gestalt of bodies. This study addressed this issue by examining whether, like adults, infants attend to specific locations where body parts have been reorganized. Results show that adults and 5-month-olds, but not 3.5-month-olds, allocated more attention to the body joint areas (e.g., where the arm connects to the shoulder) that were reorganized versus ones that were typical. To examine whether this kind of processing is driven by low-level features, 5-month-olds were tested on images in which the head was removed. Infants no longer exhibited differential scanning of typical versus reorganized bodies. Results suggest that 5-month-olds are sensitive to the location of body parts, thereby demonstrating adult-like response patterns consistent with early expertise in body processing. The contrasting failure of 3.5-month-olds to exhibit sensitivity to the reorganization suggests a developmental change between these ages.

A detailed analysis of body composition in relation to cardiopulmonary exercise test indices

A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is a test assessing an individual’s physiological response during exercise. Results may be affected by body composition, which is best evaluated through imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to assess relationships between body composition and indices obtained from CPET. A total of 234 participants (112 female), all aged 50 years, underwent CPETs and whole-body MRI scans (> 1 million voxels). Voxel-wise statistical analysis of tissue volume and fat content was carried out with a method called Imiomics and related to the CPET indices peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak), V̇O2peak scaled by body weight (V̇O2kg) and by total lean mass (V̇O2lean), ventilatory efficiency (V̇E/V̇CO2-slope), work efficiency (ΔV̇O2/ΔWR) and peak exercise respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak). V̇O2peak showed the highest positive correlation with volume of skeletal muscle. V̇O2kg negatively correlated with tissue volume in subcutaneous fat, particularly gluteal fat. RERpeak negatively correlated with tissue volume in skeletal muscle, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat and liver. Some associations differed between sexes: in females ΔV̇O2/ΔWR correlated positively with tissue volume of subcutaneous fat and V̇E/V̇CO2-slope with tissue volume of visceral fat, and, in males, V̇O2peak correlated positively to lung volume. In conclusion, voxel-based Imiomics provided detailed insights into how CPET indices were related to the tissue volume and fat content of different body structures.

Quality indicators for occupational therapy: a scoping review

BackgroundOccupational therapists are increasingly asked to demonstrate the effectiveness, appropriateness, and efficiency of their interventions to funding bodies. However, the extent to which this is practiced and the health policy context within which such a practice is situated differs internationally. The aim of this scoping review was to establish which quality indicators are used internationally for this purpose.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review, limiting our search to Europe and the English-speaking world. To search for suitable literature, we used specialized databases from medicine, health sciences, and related fields, including CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE, as well as free internet search via Google. Furthermore, we contacted national occupational therapy associations from several countries asking for access to documents found within this search that were only accessible to association members.ResultsThe screening process identified 32 studies and documents from six national contexts. We identified and described process-level indicators, functional outcome indicators, one outcome indicator based on individual goal attainment (the Goal Attainment Scale, or GAS), and PRO-Ergo, a patient-reported experience measure (PREM). There was little information on the use of quality indicators to demonstrate the effectiveness, appropriateness, and efficiency of occupational therapy services to funding bodies in Europe and the English-speaking world that was openly available. The identified process indicators were in most cases not specific to occupational therapy interventions. Functional outcome indicators were highly specific to certain client groups or health conditions and partially appropriate for use in occupational therapy. The GAS was found to be a highly customizable measure which allowed an evaluation on body structure and function levels as well as activity and participation levels. PRO-Ergo was focused on the clients’ subjective view and their experience with occupational therapy interventions.ConclusionsAll identified quality indicators have advantages and disadvantages. Process-level indicators specific to occupational therapy could be a chance to foster the use of best practice methods. GAS and PRO-Ergo seem to be the most versatile assessment, allowing an evaluation on the level of activity and participation. Functional outcome indicators that cover a broad area of client problems may be useful additional quality indicators for some areas of practice.

A systematic review of upper extremity outcome measures assessed in randomized controlled trials of post stroke upper extremity rehabilitation over time

ABSTRACT Background The heterogeneity in outcome measures of post stroke rehabilitation trials suggests the need for consensus approach in stroke recovery measurement. To reach this aim, it is important to understand the past and current use of outcome measures in randomized control trials (RCTs) of stroke rehabilitation. Objective To systematically review RCTs of post stroke UE rehabilitation interventions to understand the use of UE outcome measures in research and their changes over time. Methods CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from 1960 to 1 April 2021. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they (1) were RCTs or crossovers published in English (2) ≥50% of participants were affected by stroke, 3) included adults ≥ 18 years old, and (4) applied an intervention to the hemiparetic UE as the primary objective of the study. Results 1,276 RCTs met inclusion criteria, and 112 different outcome measures were identified. Outcome measures were classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. Outcome measures most frequently assessed body function and structure (n = 1,692), followed by activities (n = 1,572) and participation (n = 162). The most used outcome measures were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (n = 619), the modified Ashworth Scale (n = 255), Action Research Arm Test (n = 211), Wolf Motor Function Test (n = 184), and Box and Block Test (n = 178). Conclusions Understanding the breadth of outcome measures that have been used over time emphasizes the need for proposed standardization of outcome measures but also the need to adjust and expand consensus recommendations based on past and ongoing research trends.

Exercise is medicine: how should medicine embrace exercise as a key therapeutic tool?

Background: As chronic diseases and the aging population increase, exercise is becoming more and more essential along with medical treatment for recovering and maintaining individuals’ physical health. Furthermore, the demand for exercise-based interventions in this context is growing. Although most healthcare professionals recognize the effectiveness and necessity of exercise, the “Exercise is Medicine” initiative has not been established in clinical settings. We aim to discuss the effectiveness and importance of exercise in the treatment and management of diseases and how exercise should be considered a key therapeutic tool in medicine.Current Concepts: Exercise-related mechanisms and their influence on body structure and function should be considered in disease management. It is necessary to understand these interactions and monitor their effects on the entire body. During recovery after an injury, exercise rehabilitation is provided as program customized according to the phase and function levels, the clinical pathway of which is feasible and effective. Exercise programs for maintaining the functioning and physical and mental health of people with disabilities should be developed by considering individuals’ functional levels, disability types, and conditions. Correct posture, microbreaks, and regular exercise are key to managing musculoskeletal pain.Discussion and Conclusion: To ensure the effectiveness of the “Exercise is Medicine” initiative, exercise should be included in the National Health Insurance System after clarifying the indications and clinical effectiveness of exercise therapy and defining specific procedures. Furthermore, increased awareness and changes in the attitude of healthcare professionals and patients toward exercise are necessary. It is now time for the medical community to ponder over and pool its wisdom on how to adopt exercise as a key therapeutic tool.