Life expectancy (LE) at birth has increased in many countries throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Future LE values are estimated by extrapolating existing data. However, it remains difficult to determine the LE limit using mathematical models such as the Kannisto model and the Gompertz function due to significant random fluctuations in centenarian mortality rates. There are 12 biological hallmarks of ageing, including epigenetic changes and senescent cells. These microscopic dysfunctions and cellular energy are deeply intertwined, based on the inevitable cellular energy deficiency experienced by the elderly. We recently derived an age-dependence of standard cellular energy for people of healthy body shape. The logistic function taking into account standard cellular energy and also a lifespan Tc strictly reproduced the robust age-specific mortality data for ages under 100years in many countries, by adjusting two parameters Tc and C. We applied the logistic function to the recent Japanese data with the world's longest LE of 87.5years and the highest natural death rates in centenarians. Consequently, the logistic function explicitly detected the maximum Tc value of 105, even though the C value continuously increased. By setting Tc to 105 and only increasing the C value, we obtained an achievable upper limit of LE = 98. Then, the survival rate trajectory became rectangular due to the biological effect of cellular energy depletion. The LE values of many countries are expected to reach the Japanese LE of 87.5. Standard cellular energy and Tc in the logistic function were essential to detect the LE limit in the Japanese data.

Abstract Most vision-based robotic tracking methods focus on general objects instead of human beings. This limitation stems from the inherent morphological variations in humans, characterized by non-rigid deformations and diverse kinematic configurations, which constrains the reliable limb tracking through conventional methods. The 3D representation of the human body provides rich spatial information and the inherent semantics of the limbs offer stable target signatures, while these properties remain under-exploited in dynamic motion tracking tasks. To address these challenges, we propose a dual-view fusion of perception-to-action framework for limb tracking, incorporating cross-view feature aggregation. This dual-view visual fusion attention mechanism captures both body shape and posture variations, as well as maintaining egocentric-perception of the target limb. The reasoning and planning capabilities across perspectives also be enhanced through this approach. Additionally, we present a feature extractor based on human semantic parsing to improve the limb perception. To further reduce the complexity of human image features and increase sim-to-real transfer efficiency, we develop an image matching mechanism based on 3D human reconstruction. Through the examination of various simulated and real-robot examples, our methods exhibit superior properties compared with current vision-based methods in terms of the success rate.

Previous studies suggest that the additional benefits of adhering to a healthy lifestyle may not be considerable for older adults. This study aimed to examine the associations of various lifestyle factors and an integrated healthy lifestyle score with survival and health status in old age. A total of 36,403 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank were included, with a mean age of 71 years at baseline. Three survival and health statuses were defined: death before age 80, and living beyond age 80 either with or without major chronic diseases (MCDs) including ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, total physical activity, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body shape, and healthy lifestyle score with survival and health status. The association of BMI with survival and health status was further analyzed through stratified analyses by WC. During a median follow-up of 11.5 years, 13,496 participants died and 22,665 developed at least one MCD. Participants who smoked, quit drinking alcohol, had unhealthy dietary habits, and had low levels of physical activity were more likely to die before 80 than their reference group, after controlling for potential confounders. For participants with WC (men/women) <85/80 cm, the ORs (95% CIs) per 5 kg/m2 increment in BMI were 0.68 (0.62, 0.74) for death before age 80 and 1.09 (1.01, 1.17) for living past 80 with MCDs compared to living past 80 without MCDs. In contrast, for those with WC ≥85/80 cm, the corresponding ORs were 1.11 (1.02, 1.21) and 1.16 (1.09, 1.24), respectively. The ORs per 1 additional healthy lifestyle score were 1.16 (1.13, 1.19) for those over 80 with MCDs and 1.25 (1.22, 1.29) for those over 80 without MCDs compared to those dying before 80. Adults approximately 70 years old who maintain favorable lifestyle habits may be more likely to have a better health status in later life.

Depression is a frequent neuropsychiatric symptom in dementia, yet metabolic contributors remain poorly understood. Central adiposity may be involved, but conventional anthropometric measures may inadequately capture obesity in older adults. This cross-sectional study included 601 community-dwelling individuals aged 60-91 years evaluated at a memory clinic between 2015 and 2024. Dementia was diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria for Major Neurocognitive Disorder, and depressive symptoms were assessed with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Obesity was evaluated using multiple anthropometric indices, including Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Waist-to-Height Ratio, A Body Shape Index, Conicity Index, Weight-Adjusted Waist Index, and Body Roundness Index (BRI). No measure was associated with depression in the overall sample. Among individuals with dementia, higher BRI was associated with increased odds of depression, with those in the highest quartile showing more than threefold greater odds. These findings suggest that BRI may better capture central adiposity relevant to depression in dementia.

Life's Essential 8 (LE8) and Life's Crucial 9 (LC9) summarize overall cardiovascular health. This study investigated the associations between LC9 and LE8 with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in postmenopausal women and further assessed whether adiposity-related and inflammation-related indicators statistically mediated these associations. Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018, with mortality follow-up through December 31, 2019. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was cardiovascular mortality. Survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Nonlinear dose-response relationships were assessed using generalized additive models with penalized splines, and survival differences were visualized by Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests. Stratified analyses were performed across demographic and clinical subgroups. Mediation analyses further quantified the indirect effects of adiposity-related indices (a body shape index [ABSI], weight-waist index [WWI]) and inflammation-related indicators (systemic inflammation response index [SIRI], red cell distribution width [RDW]). Among 7,842 postmenopausal women, there were 1,313 all-cause deaths and 395 cardiovascular deaths during follow-up. In Cox models, higher cardiovascular health scores were associated with lower mortality. For LE8, each 1-SD increase (14.4 points) was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR=0.72, 95% CI=0.68-0.77) and cardiovascular mortality (HR=0.67, 95% CI=0.60-0.75). LC9 analyses were restricted to participants with nonmissing LC9 (n=7,496). For LC9, each 1-SD increase (14.0 points) was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR=0.70, 95% CI=0.65-0.75) and cardiovascular mortality (HR=0.62, 95% CI=0.55-0.70). Categorized analyses showed graded associations, with lower mortality at higher score levels. In mediation analyses, adiposity-related and inflammation-related indicators explained a small proportion of these associations. For LE8, the proportion mediated was ∼5.4% (ABSI), 6.6% (WWI), 8.7% (SIRI), and 10.5% (RDW). For LC9, SIRI, and RDW-mediated ∼8.7% and 10.3%, respectively (all indirect effects P<0.001). We observed inverse associations between LE8 and LC9 scores and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in postmenopausal women. Indicators of adiposity and systemic inflammation showed partial statistical mediation of these observed associations.

The absence of an established in vitro platform is a major obstacle in research on parasitic flatworms, including Fasciola flukes. Fasciola flukes cause zoonotic infections that primarily affect the liver and the bile ducts. Infected juveniles can cause severe liver damage in animals, occasionally leading to sudden death. Although resistance to the only drug for the acute liver stage has been reported worldwide, the search for new drugs has been unsuccessful owing to the critical limitations of previous in vitro cultures. Previous studies have been unable to reproduce liver-stage development in vitro, hindering research on this stage. This study aimed to provide a novel in vitro research platform using a laboratory strain of Fasciola hepatica/gigantica hybrid. Juveniles derived from the livers of mice at 7 and 11 days post-infection (dpi) survived for nearly 100 days in the basic medium consisting of Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 supplemented with 50% fetal bovine serum. Bovine red blood cells (RBC) and sex-inducing substances (SIS) that induce sexualization in a free-living flatworm (planarian) were supplemented to examine their effects on the developmental processes in the liver stage, including growth, body shape change, and reproductive development. SIS induced all three processes, although the last was incomplete, suggesting that the sex-inducing ability of SIS is conserved between free-living and parasitic flatworms. However, RBC was somewhat toxic and less effective than SIS for both growth and reproductive development and could not alter body shape. Furthermore, the combined effects of the two supplements were not observed. In this study, the reproducibility of the development was carefully confirmed, and it was shown that a single SIS supplementation is currently the best condition and more closely mimics liver-stage development. This study provides a preliminary but outstanding in vitro research platform for liver-stage juveniles and will facilitate further drug development.

Continuous rehabilitation monitoring outside clinics is critical for long-term recovery, yet existing modalities fall short. Vision- and wearable-based systems raise privacy and compliance concerns, while RF-based sensing, despite contactless, is fundamentally motion-dependent —blind to the stillness that characterizes balance, endurance, and postural control. We observe that conventional static clutter removal not only suppresses environmental reflections but also erases the body's involuntary micro-motions, such as breathing, heartbeat, and subtle sway. Our key insight is that these micro-motions are not noise but information, encoding physiological vitality even in apparent stillness. Realizing this shift—from detecting motion to perceiving life within stillness—introduces two fundamental challenges: (C1) the echoes of these micro-motions are orders of magnitude weaker than static clutter, spectrally overlap within the near-zero Doppler region and spatially co-located with dominant reflections; and (C2) mmWave reflections are inherently sparse and geometry-agnostic, lacking the structural priors required to recover body's shape and pose across users and environments. To address these, we design mmRehab, a transformative mmWave sensing system for rehabilitation, extending radar perception beyond motion to enable physiological interpretation even when users remain still. Within mmRehab, Micro-motion Feature Extraction addresses C1 through beamforming-based spatial isolation and micro-Doppler temporal discrimination, amplifying respiration- and posture-related cues; Geometry-aware Knowledge Transfer addresses C2 via depth-guided distillation, transferring structural priors from vision to radar representations for robust generalization. Extensive experiments on both dynamic and static rehabilitation tasks show that mmRehab reduces 3D reconstruction errors by over 24% and generalizes robustly to unseen users, distances, and orientations—demonstrating the feasibility of unified radar perception for motion and micro-motion rehabilitation monitoring.

A new hypotrich ciliate, Anteholostichananjiensissp. nov., was isolated from a sandy beach in Wenzhou, China. Its morphology was investigated using detailed live observation and protargol staining, and its phylogenetic position was assessed through small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence analyses. The new species is characterized as follows: size in vivo 90–115 × 40–50 µm; body shape elliptical and dorsoventrally flattened; 2–4 globular macronuclear nodules; 8–14 midventral cirral pairs; colourless cortical granules (about 0.5 µm in diameter) arranged in short longitudinal rows. Phylogenetic analyses robustly placed A.nanjiensissp. nov. within a clade containing A.pseudomonilata Li et al., 2011a and A.marimonilata Xu et al., 2011. However, it differs from these congeners by having 13 and 14 nucleotides in its SSU rDNA sequence, respectively, supporting its status as a distinct species. Morphologically, A.nanjiensissp. nov. can be distinguished from related species by its body size, number of macronuclear nodules, transverse cirri count, and cortical granulation distribution. This study provides comprehensive morphological and molecular data establishing foundational references for resolving the apparent polyphyly of Anteholosticha. While full resolution may require integration of additional evidence (e.g. morphogenetic data or TEM ultrastructure), our dataset delivers essential comparative frameworks for future taxonomic revisions.

Ehlersileanira Pettibone, 1970 was proposed to include sigalionids (Annelida, Sigalionidae) with a median antenna with basal auricles and biarticulated style. Sthenelais incisa Grube, 1877 described from Congo is its type species, together with a few junior synonyms, such as Sthenelais simplex Ehlers, 1887 from the Gulf of Mexico, Leanira vulturis Horst, 1917 from Indonesia and Leanira izuenzis Takahashi, 1938 from Japan. However, in a previous study, it was shown that S. incisa, now Ehlersileanira incisa, included valid species that were once considered its junior synonyms, as in the case of S. simplex, which is now considered distinct from E. incisa. Therefore, a re-examination of its junior synonyms is needed to clarify their status. Type material of Leanira vulturis was studied, as well as non-type specimens of the genus from the same region. The main results include the reinstatement of L. vulturis, which is shown to be distinct from but congeneric with E. incisa. Ehlersileanira vulturis n. comb. reinst. differs from E. incisa in having larger auricles and style in the median antenna, middle region segments bearing sinuous elytra, and the tubular nephridia start from segment 25; whereas E. incisa has smaller auricles, style, middle region elytra are uniform, and the tubular nephridia start from segment 9. Two new species of the genus from the Indo-Pacific are also described: Ehlersileanira longistyla n. sp. and Ehlersileanira marinduquensis n. sp. Ehlersileanira longistyla n. sp. can be distinguished from the rest of its congeners in having a long median antennal style, large inner palpal sheaths and the lowest neurochaetae unit with non-canaliculate blades. On the other hand, E. marinduquensis n. sp. resembles E. vulturis, but can be recognized by the former’s robust body shape, small style, and tentacular cirri and neurochaetal blades. A key to all Ehlersileanira species is also included.

Eating behaviors are strongly related to body image and well-being. Psychological distress and body image dissatisfaction can be observed alongside maladaptive eating patterns, including emotional, restrained, and external eating behaviors. Therefore, this study examined associations of eating behaviors, body image, well-being, and sociodemographic and anthropometric factors in young Lebanese adults, with restrained, emotional, and external eating and diet quality analyzed alongside body shape concerns and well-being, extending prior Lebanese research. A cross-sectional study was conducted for a duration of 9 months on 460 randomly selected Lebanese individuals aged between 18 and 35 years from all Lebanese governorates. An in-person interview was carried out to collect data from the participants. The questionnaire comprises six sections: sociodemographic information, anthropomorphic measurements, the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, the short Healthy Eating Index survey, the WHO 5 well-being index score, and the Body Shape Questionnaire-16. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sample characteristics. Group comparisons were conducted via independent t-tests and ANOVA, associations were examined via Spearman correlation, and predictors were assessed via linear regression. Most of the participants were female, single, had a university degree, fell into the normal body mass index category, had no body shape concerns and reported moderate to high well-being. Emotional and restrained eating behaviors were positively correlated with body shape. External eating, emotional eating and sugar consumption were negatively correlated with well-being, whereas diet quality and vegetable consumption were positively correlated with well-being. The relationships among eating behaviors, body image, and well-being are complex. Unhealthy eating behaviors associated with body image dissatisfaction and poorer well-being may be linked to greater mental health challenges. Understanding these relationships highlights the importance of collaborative approaches to address eating behaviors, body image and well-being problems to improve overall physical and mental health.

Prospective and experimental evidence supports beneficial effects of flavonoids on weight management and metabolic health, but their impact on specific adiposity parameters remains unclear. We aimed to investigate associations of total and subclasses of dietary flavonoids with adiposity markers, several of which have been linked to metabolic risk. We evaluated cross-sectional data from 11,568 adults recruited to the Fenland Study between 2005 and 2015 in Cambridgeshire, the United Kingdom. Habitual diets were evaluated using food frequency questionnaires. Flavonoid intakes were calculated mainly using the United States Department of Agriculture food composition databases. We examined associations using robust regression adjusted for relevant confounders and corrected for false discovery rate (FDR) for multiple flavonoids and adiposity parameters: body fat (BF) (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), visceral fat (VAT), subcutaneous fat (SCAT), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), VAT:SCAT ratio, and a body shape index (ABSI). Median flavonoid intake was 428 mg/d (interquartile range 258.5-568.6). Doubling in total flavonoid intake was inversely associated with BF [betalog2 -0.54% (95% CI -0.70; -0.40)]; VAT [-0.13 cm (-0.17; -0.08)]; SCAT [-0.05 cm (-0.08; -0.02)]; BMI [-0.33 kg/m2 (-0.44; -0.22)]; WC [-0.84 cm (-1.13; -0.55)]; and WHR [-0.004 (-0.006; -0.002)]. Most of flavonoid subclasses showed similar results, except isoflavones that were positively associated with BF, VAT and WC. Intakes of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins showed the strongest negative associations independently of BMI. Subgroup analyses resulted in stronger negative associations in women, older adults, and non-smokers. Flavonoids may influence adiposity, a potential pathway for the relationship between flavonoid-rich foods and metabolic risk. Proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins may affect site-specific fat distribution, particularly visceral adiposity. Further investigation in prospective, interventional, and mechanistic studies is warranted to understand the link between flavonoids and adiposity.

BackgroundIndividuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome exhibit a substantially elevated risk of all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality. Although estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) and a body shape index (ABSI) are commonly used indicators for assessing insulin resistance and atherosclerotic risk, respectively, evidence regarding their combined effect on all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality in patients with CKM syndrome remains insufficient. Investigating this combined impact may help improve risk stratification in this population.MethodsThis study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999–2018), including 18,186 individuals with stage 0–4 CKM syndrome. Cox proportional hazards models, Kaplan–Meier curves and subgroup analyses were used to evaluate the associations between eGDR and ABSI and mortality risk. The integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification index (NRI) were used to assess the incremental prognostic value of eGDR and ABSI. Finally, six machine learning algorithms were applied to develop predictive models.ResultsDuring the follow-up period, a total of 2536 all-cause mortality and 790 cardiovascular-specific mortality were documented. After multivariable adjustment, both low eGDR and high ABSI independently predicted mortality risk. Combined analysis revealed that individuals with both Low-eGDR and High-ABSI had the highest mortality risk: all-cause mortality hazard ratio (HR) = 2.79 (95% CI 2.30–3.38) and cardiovascular-specific mortality HR = 4.53 (95% CI 2.96–6.92). However, the interaction effect was not statistically significant. Among the six machine learning algorithms, XGBoost demonstrated the best performance, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.877 and 0.850 for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality, respectively.ConclusionBoth eGDR and ABSI are independent and combined predictors of mortality risk among individuals with CKM syndrome. Their combined use significantly improves risk stratification and machine learning models provide an effective tool for precise risk assessment in this population.Graphical abstractSupplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-026-03127-x.

Afrotropical inland waters remain poorly studied for rotifer diversity. Here, we provide new distribution data from Botswana and connect these local patterns to continental-scale biogeography using an Africa–Europe occurrence dataset. In Botswana, we analyzed rotifer species richness, functional traits, and environmental drivers using 37 samples from 15 water bodies spanning natural and anthropogenic habitats. We recorded 107 rotifer taxa: 92 identified to species or subspecies level, 14 to genus, and one group of unidentified bdelloids. Seventy taxa (~65%) are new records for Botswana, and one species, Donneria sudzukii, is reported for the first time in Africa. Physicochemical gradients explained community structure, with the first two constrained RDA axes accounting for 40.7% and 23.7% of variation. Axis 1 captured a mineralization gradient linked to total dissolved solids and temperature, whereas Axis 2 reflected oxygen concentration and pH. Traits tracked these gradients: warmer, more mineralized waters were associated with specific trophi types, compact body shapes, and intermediate body sizes, whereas less mineralized, better oxygenated sites were related to smaller taxa and alternative feeding morphologies. To place these trait–environment relationships in a broader geographic context, we then analyzed an Africa–Europe dataset (67,170 records) to quantify latitudinal patterns in thermal classes and morphological traits (geometric body shape and trophi type). Diversity showed clear latitudinal structuring: warm-water genera clustered at low latitudes, only Kellicottia and Didymodactylos had mean distributions above 50° N, and bdelloid families were associated with higher latitudes. Morphological traits also varied with latitude, with trilateral truncated pyramid body shapes and malleoramate trophi occurring closest to the equator. Overall, by combining new species-level data from Botswana with continent-scale occurrence patterns, we link local community assembly to macroecological structure in rotifer functional and biogeographical organization.

Measuring morphological disparity in fish body shape using geometric morphometrics: Gerreidae as a case study

Stroke is a major global health burden. While composite indices have shown promise in cardiovascular risk assessment, their value in stroke risk assessment requires further investigation. This study aimed to develop a novel Triglyceride-Glucose-Body Shape Index (TBSI) by integrating the triglyceride-glucose index with a body shape index, and to evaluate its association with stroke risk together with the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total of 43,448 participants from NHANES (2003-2018) were included. The independent associations of AIP and TBSI with stroke were assessed using weighted multivariable logistic regression, with non-linear relationships investigated by restricted cubic splines (RCS). Discriminative ability was validated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore effect modification, and sensitivity analyses tested model robustness. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore whether the effects of AIP and TBSI on stroke were mediated by metabolic diseases (hypertension and diabetes) as well as oxidative stress biomarkers (gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT] and albumin). The Boruta algorithm and multiple machine learning models were applied for feature selection. The performance of the best model was further interpreted using Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) values. Two indices were significantly associated with increased stroke risk. TBSI exhibited a J-shaped association, with a threshold at 7.176. Sex and race modified the associations. In terms of discriminative performance, TBSI (AUC = 0.779) proved superior to AIP (AUC = 0.769). Mediation analysis revealed statistically significant indirect effects: the association of TBSI with stroke was mediated through hypertension and diabetes, while that of AIP was mediated through hypertension. Although mediation through oxidative stress biomarkers was proposed, it did not reach statistical significance. Feature importance analysis identified TBSI as the top feature, with the random forest (RF) model demonstrating the highest accuracy in identifying stroke risk. SHAP analysis of the RF model results also showed that TBSI, AIP, and lipid-related features are key factors influencing stroke occurrence, with significant positive impacts. The novel TBSI and the AIP are strongly associated with stroke risk and offer complementary clinical value. Their integration into clinical screening and machine learning models may support early identification and targeted prevention, especially in resource-limited settings.

This study compared the predictive capacity of traditional and novel obesity indices for stroke subtype risks across sexes and glucose metabolic statuses, addressing limitations of current anthropometric tools. A retrospective cohort of 398 270 UK Biobank participants who were stroke free was analyzed. Eight novel indices-weight-adjusted waist index, a body shape index, body roundness index, visceral adiposity index, conicity index, lipid accumulation product, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio-were compared with traditional measures (body mass index, waist circumference). Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray competing risk models generated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs, stratified by sex and glucose status. Predictive discrimination was assessed via Harrell's C-statistic. Novel indices outperformed traditional metrics for total and ischemic stroke. Weight-adjusted waist index showed the strongest associations: men in the highest quartile had a 25% increased ischemic stroke risk (HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.11-1.36]); women had a 36% increased risk (HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.20-1.57]). For ischemic stroke prediction, weight-adjusted waist index significantly surpassed body mass index in both sexes (C-statistics: men, 0.712 [95% CI, 0.705-0.720] versus body mass index, 0.688 [95% CI, 0.680-0.696], P<0.0001; women, 0.748 [95% CI, 0.739-0.757] versus body mass index, 0.726 [95% CI, 0.717-0.735], P=0.0007). No significant associations were observed for hemorrhagic stroke. Weight-adjusted waist index exceeds conventional obesity metrics in predicting cerebrovascular events, with robust performance across sexes and glucose-regulated populations. Findings support sex-specific adiposity assessment in stroke prevention, particularly for ischemic subtypes in normoglycemic individuals.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is driven by complex immune and inflammatory mechanisms. Visceral adiposity, a key contributor, worsens inflammation, immune dysregulation, and insulin resistance. This study examines correlations between inflammatory genes, insulin resistance markers, and inflammatory markers across visceral adiposity levels in patients with MASLD. This cross-sectional study included 102 patients with MASLD. Assessments included body mass index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), a body shape index (ABSI), inflammatory markers, gene expression from peripheral white blood cells, and serologic inflammatory proteins. We calculated insulin resistance markers, such as homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and neutrophil-to-HDL ratio (NHR). Pearson correlation coefficients evaluated parameter associations between low and high VAI and ABSI groups. The higher VAI group presented with some elevated markers, such as HOMA-IR (5.21 ± 3.42 vs. 4.34 ± 4.62), TG/HDL-C (4.08 ± 1.97 vs. 2.20 ± 1.07), TyG (9.03 ± 0.48 vs. 8.70 ± 0.51), and NHR (1.86 ± 0.75 vs. 1.45 ± 0.64) compared with the low VAI group, indicating potentially greater insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1and interleukin-6 genes were strongly correlated in the low VAI group (R = 0.94, P < 0.001) but more weakly correlated in the high VAI group (R = 0.63, P < 0.001). These findings highlight differential immune changes across visceral adiposity levels in MASLD, supporting the need for tailored interventions based on adiposity profiles.

The prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is rising globally, yet early risk stratification remains challenging due to the limitations of traditional obesity metrics. TyG-ABSI, an index combining Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) with A Body Shape Index (ABSI), is a novel marker reflecting both functional insulin resistance and structural visceral adiposity. However, its predictive value for PAD remains unexplored in large prospective cohorts. We included 390,274 adults from the UK Biobank. Baseline characteristics were analyzed across TyG-ABSI quartiles and PAD status. Associations between TyG-related indices and incident PAD were assessed using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and restricted cubic splines. Robustness was evaluated via Fine-Gray competing risk models, propensity score matching, subgroup analyses, and external validation in the NHANES database. Consensus k-means clustering, integrating biochemical and insulin resistance markers, identified metabolic phenotypes and stratified PAD risk. Feature selection (LASSO, Boruta, and Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance [mRMR]) guided the development of six machine learning models (logistic regression, GBM, XGBoost, AdaBoost, LightGBM, and neural network) for PAD prediction, with interpretability assessed via SHAP analysis. Higher TyG-ABSI and related indices were strongly associated with increased PAD incidence (cumulative incidence at 15years: 4.16% in the top quartile vs. 0.98% in the bottom quartile; fully-adjusted Hazard Ratio [HR] per 1-SD increase for TyG-ABSI: 1.22, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.17-1.27), which were robust in the NHANES external validation cohort. Clustering analysis revealed four distinct metabolic subgroups, with the highest PAD risk in the insulin resistance/glucose dysfunction cluster (HR vs. healthy phenotype: 7.48, 95% CI 6.82-8.21). Feature selection identified 19 key predictors. Logistic regression provided the most stable and generalizable prediction (validation Area Under the Curve [AUC] = 0.788, 95% CI 0.778-0.798), demonstrating superior generalizability compared to complex ensemble methods. SHAP analysis demonstrated TyG-ABSI, age, and neutrophil count as leading predictors for incident PAD and confirmed the interpretability of the model. TyG-ABSI is a robust, independent predictor of long-term PAD risk. Data-driven phenotyping and interpretable machine learning facilitate more precise risk stratification. Logistic regression offers optimal performance and interpretability, holding potential clinical utility for individualized PAD risk prediction.

This study examined early adolescent interpersonal aggression, subsequent conflict with parents, and aggression toward close peers as predictors of accelerated biological aging by age 30. Participants (N = 123; 46 males and 75 females) were assessed repeatedly, along with parents and close friends, ages from 13 to 30. Early adolescent interpersonal aggression was found to predict later accelerated aging even after accounting for adolescent gender, family income, prior health difficulties, and body shape ratings in adolescence. Path analyses suggested that the effects of early interpersonal aggression were potentially mediated via higher levels of father-adolescent conflict reported by fathers in adolescence and by aggressive behavior toward close peers as reported by those peers in early adulthood. Follow-up analyses suggested that these same factors also predicted adult body mass index scores after accounting for body shape in adolescence. Results are interpreted as evidence that social difficulties with lifelong health implications may be identified beginning in early adolescence, thus highlighting the potential importance of early interventions to address these difficulties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Background: Assessment of body-related perceptual disturbances is important in adolescent girls. Objective: This pilot exploratory study investigates distortion and dissatisfaction related to trunk symmetry perception in a non-clinical sample of female adolescents using Scoliosis 3D, a virtual reality-based tool. Methods: Entry criteria were females aged 12–18 years with no scoliosis or other spinal deformities confirmed by clinical examination. Thirty participants (mean age 15.03 ± 1.30 years; mean Body Mass Index [BMI] 22.88 ± 4.68 kg/m2) were evaluated using the virtual reality application, the Body Esteem Scale, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire–25. Virtual reality-based indicators were derived from participants’ selections of perceived and desired trunk symmetry and their comparison with actual clinically assessed trunk alignment. Results: The difference between estimated current and actual body shape (trunk symmetry distortion) was significant (p = 0.001), as was the difference between estimated current and desired body shape (trunk symmetry dissatisfaction, p = 0.001). Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility of Scoliosis 3D for exploratory assessment of perceptual discrepancies related to trunk symmetry in healthy adolescent females. Participants frequently misperceived their current trunk symmetry and experienced dissatisfaction with it, with higher distortion and dissatisfaction associated with a less positive attitude toward physical condition.