Names Of Body Parts Research Articles

A Set of Acupuncture Needles in the Late Qing Dynasty Collected by George Soulié de Morant

Abstract In the early 20th century, French vice-consul George Soulié de Morant encountered acupuncture during his visit to China, and then brought it back to France. After more than 100 years, his collection was transported from Paris, France to Kunming, China, and later recognized as a Chinese national third-class precious cultural heritage. Currently housed in the Museum of Western Studies on Chinese Medicine at Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, this set of instruments includes one needle holder converted from a fan-shaped holder, ten acupuncture needles, and eleven paper tags handwritten in English with names of diseases and body parts. This article attempts to present the basic information and historical appearance of this set of late Qing dynasty acupuncture instruments by reviewing the collection and related research on acupuncture instruments, consulting acupuncture professionals, measuring the detailed information of the set of instruments, and employing a method of translating and summarizing the content of the attached tags.

Developmental Profile in Children Aged 3-6 Years: Down Syndrome vs. Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This research aims to compare the developmental profiles of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children with Down Syndrome (DS) between the ages of 3 and 6 years. The study examines whether these developmental disorders share common developmental milestones or exhibit distinctive characteristics. A total of 43 children, 23 with DS and 20 with ASD, participated in the study. Cognitive and language skills were assessed using standardized tools, including the Battelle Developmental Inventory, Reynell Developmental Language Scales III, and NEPSY-II battery. The results indicated that children with ASD outperformed children with DS in the areas of fine motor skills, gross motor skills, and communication. Additionally, children with ASD demonstrated higher scores in language comprehension and expressive language, compared to children with DS. Significant correlations were found between motor skills and communication abilities. Neuropsychological evaluations revealed significant differences between the two groups in various tasks, such as the comprehension of instructions, body part naming and identification, and recognition of emotions. These findings contribute to our understanding of the similarities and differences between ASD and DS, shedding light on the dissociation between cognition and language and its impact on adaptive functioning in these populations.

THE SOMATIC CULTURAL CODES IN THE STUDY OF ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK PHRASEOLOGISMS

This article is devoted to the study of somatic phraseological units, which allows us to identify their main factors in the Uzbek, Russian and English languages. Linguists and researchers have studied the cultural codes in phraseology and highlighted their various classifications. The issue of categorizing phraseology into cultural codes plays an important role in revealing the national landscape of the world. FBs belonging to one of the cultural codes can also be related to other cultural codes, thus revealing the integrity and hierarchy, i.e., gradation, inherent in the semiotic system of language. This research paper focuses on the issues related to somatic phraseology in Uzbek, English and other cultural codes in Russian, identifying their equivalents and providing appropriate translation. The purpose of this paper is to study somatic units and identify their similarities and differences in Uzbek, Russian and English. A distinctive feature of somatic phraseology is the presence of many similarities in the figurative orientation of collocations in the languages. This feature sharply distinguishes SPhU from other thematic groups. The use of names of body parts in PhU is explained by the fact that when naming a new object, a person, first of all, relies on the association with what he knows and is familiar with. First of all, a person compares himself/herself with himself/herself, and his/her body parts with the things that surround him/her. Studying and comparing PhUs of two or more languages helps to reveal specific features of culture and mentality of different peoples. Sometimes it is possible to identify differences in the thinking of speakers of a particular language. Our study also revealed historical parallels characteristic of the languages being compared.

Can they touch? A novel mental motor imagery task for the assessment of back pain.

As motor imagery is informed by the anticipated sensory consequences of action, including pain, we reasoned that motor imagery could provide a useful indicator of chronic back pain. We tested the hypothesis that mental motor imagery regarding body movements can provide a reliable assessment of low back pain. Eighty-five subjects with back pain and forty-five age-matched controls were shown two names of body parts and asked to indicate if they could imagine moving so that the named body parts touched. Three types of imagined movements were interrogated: movements of arms, movements of legs and movements requiring flexion and/or rotation of the low back. Accuracy and reaction times were measured. Subjects with back pain were less likely to indicate that they could touch body parts than age-matched controls. The effect was observed only for those movements that required movement of the low back or legs, suggesting that the effect was not attributable to task difficulty or non-specific effects. There was an effect of pain severity. Compared to subjects with mild pain, subjects with severe pain were significantly less likely to indicate that they could move so that named body parts touched. There was a correlation between pain ratings and impaired performance for stimuli that involved the lower but not upper body. As the Can They Touch task is quick, easy to administer and does not require an explicit judgment of pain severity, it may provide useful information to supplement the assessment of subjects with chronic pain.

Iranian Parent-Child Agreement on Private Body Part Names

Iranian Parent-Child Agreement on Private Body Part Names

Borrowings in Middle Armenian (Persian Borrowings, Continuation)

Key words: middle Armenian-Persian borrowings, semantic groups of words, modern literary Armenian, Lori dialect, transliterated phonetic changes of vowels and consonants, word formation, lexicalization, derivation Persian borrowings are considerably large in number in Middle Armenian, but few words are used in the modern Eastern Armenian literary language. There are incomparably many words preserved in Lori dialect. They refer to almost all spheres of social life: colors, plants, flowers, bushes, trees, fauna, medicine, names of body parts, mental conditions, statuses, religion, worship, spirituality, precious metals, stones, ores, household, accessories, profession, occupation, money, monetary unit, fee, time, closed-class parts of speech, non-identified dialectical words. Persian borrowings passed to Middle Armenian with various phonetic changes of vowels and consonants. They are simple root, complex, derived words. These compositions were sometimes made using word formation techniques specific to Armenian, in which sometimes the Persian compounds were observed. The same applies to derivation: there are both Armenian and Persian words composed of suffixes.

The effectiveness of technology supported education to prevent sexual abuse in children with autism spectrum disorder

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of technology-supported sexual abuse prevention training provided to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In addition, the social validity of the research was investigated based on the opinions of the mothers of the children participating in the research. The study was conducted with 4 male subjects with ASD between the ages of 8-13. A multiple probe design with probe conditions across subjects, one of the single-subject research models, was used in the study. Based on the findings regarding the effectiveness of the intervention it was concluded that technology-supported sexual abuse prevention training was effective in teaching sexual abuse prevention knowledge and skills to children with ASD. At the knowledge level, all subjects learnt the names of private body parts, the places where underwear can be removed, and the concepts of good and bad touch and at the skill level, they learnt to say "No" and leave the setting and to report the situation to a trusted person. It was also observed that all subjects maintained the target knowledge and skills and generalized them to different instruments, settings and people 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the end of instructional sessions. The social validity findings of the study showed that the mothers of the subjects expressed positive opinions about the study.

Quepen() and related issues

Based on the features of the Chinese constellation Kuixiu() as seen in archaeological and documentary historical materials and the fact that it is also known as Quepen (), the reason why the pelvis was named Quepen was discussed. To verify the relationship between Jian gu (,Clavicle and shoulder blades) and Quepen on the basis of Kui in qinjian rishu corresponds to the term Jian shang () on the Divination Birth Chart() in bamboo strips of Former Han Dynasty collected byPeking University.Taking the Huangdi Neijing and other relevant documents as clues, the reason of "quepen" may refer to the jugular notch is clarifid.Taking the two acupoints of "quepen" and "Tianshu" as examples, it reveals the habit of the ancients to use the names of human body parts and transfer them to the names of acupoints.

Hand in Hand or Separate Ways: Navigation Devices and Nesting of Metonymic BODY PART Multiword Expressions in Monolingual English Learners’ Dictionaries

Abstract Despite a long history of research into phraseology and its practical applications, the representation of multiword expressions (henceforth MWEs) in dictionaries still remains unsettled. The paper singles out and investigates the lexicographic treatment of one thematically related group of MWEs, those that contain nominal forms of body part names. Body part MWEs have been chosen for the present study because they constitute a fairly homogenous group, as many of them are related by means of metonymic motivation, and are therefore expected to be treated in a fairly consistent way. The study examines and evaluates the representation of body part MWE in monolingual English learners’ dictionaries online from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. It focuses primarily on the arrangement of semantically related MWEs in the dictionary microstructure, and attention is also paid to navigation devices used to nest metonymically motivated body part MWEs. The paper proposes solutions that could be adopted in lexicographic practice so that semantic links between related body part MWEs become more apparent in the entry structure.

Touching a Mechanical Body: The Role of Anthropomorphic Framing in Physiological Arousal When Touching a Robot.

The growing prevalence of social robots in various fields necessitates a deeper understanding of touch in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). This study investigates how human-initiated touch influences physiological responses during interactions with robots, considering factors such as anthropomorphic framing of robot body parts and attributed gender. Two types of anthropomorphic framings are applied: the use of anatomical body part names and assignment of male or female gender to the robot. Higher physiological arousal was observed when touching less accessible body parts than when touching more accessible body parts in both conditions. Results also indicate that using anatomical names intensifies arousal compared to the control condition. Additionally, touching the male robot resulted in higher arousal in all participants, especially when anatomical body part names were used. This study contributes to the understanding of how anthropomorphic framing and gender impact physiological arousal in touch interactions with social robots, offering valuable insights for social robotics development.

JAPANESE IDIOMS USE LIMBS THEIR MEANING OF DECLARATION NATURE AND BEHAVIOR

Expressive expressions that cannot be explained logically or grammatically are called idioms. Types of idioms based on their constituent elements are divided into six types, namely idioms with names of body parts, colors, animals, plants, numbers, and natural objects. Then based on the type of meaning, idioms are divided into five types, namely idioms that express feelings/senses, nature or behavior, actions or activities, degrees or values, and the life of society or culture. The purpose of this research is to describe the meaning idiomatical idioms of the body that express nature and behavior. The method used is method qualitative descriptive. The results of this study are Japanese idioms using limbs that are found as many as 24 data, 11 idiom data which states the nature and 13 idiom data which states the behavior.

The influence of Latin on somatisms in the Norwegian language

Language interaction has always been a matter of interest to linguists. Despite the fact of profound influence of Latin on many languages in many sciences, including medicine, the question concerning the borrowings of anatomical vocabulary, namely somatisms, or body parts, from Latin in Norwegian and its influence on the Norwegian anatomical terminology is of particular interest. The study focuses on the influence of Latin on the names of different body parts in Norwegian, thereby revealing some peculiarities of somatisms in the Norwegian language. Taking into account the historical background and cross-cultural interaction, some groups of somatisms have been distinguished. The most abundant group includes single word somatisms and compounds that do not have their norwegianized Latin form. The second group consists of the Norwegian somatisms, which have identical or nearly identical morphemic form with somatisms in Latin, incorporating single word somatisms as well as some compounds where one or even two parts are norwegianized Latin forms with some semantic peculiarities. We have also singled out the anatomical terms that have a norwegianized Latin form and a parallel native form. Mostly the borrowings in this group underwent orthographic changes adapting them to the Norwegian language. The results show that on the whole the Norwegian language preserves its identity, uniqueness and selective modifying purism in anatomical vocabulary, with some instances of being dependent on Latin.

New lexical materials for the Proto-Afro-Asiatic anatomical and physiological terminology I: Body part names with initial labials: General terms, head and neck

The paper constitutes the first part of a long-range series of studies gradually elaborating the enormous new materials of the anestral anatomical-physiological vocabulary of Proto-Afro-Asiatic, supposed to be the earliest known parental language spoken by the earliest known neolithic community on earth. This series is parallel to the author’s ongoing projects for a comprehensive analysis of the diverse segments of the immense new cultural lexicon that has emerged in course of the author’s root research over the past some three decades.

Spelling and phonetic features of the medical treatise "Dastur al-'ilaj"

If we recall the historical development of the Turkic languages in the Middle Ages, in the Central Asian region since the Karakhanid period, in many studies we see works written in the Turkic language, based on the Arabic alphabet, called the Chagatai language. In this article, having studied the linguistic, spelling and phonetic features of the handwritten text of the treatise "Dastur al-ilaj", we consider it a work in the Chagatai language, called the Eastern Turkic or medieval literary Turkic language. Manuscripts written in the XV-XX centuries. in Chagatai differ in language structure, period of writing and content. In our opinion, medical works that develop the potential of the Turkic language as a scientific language should be considered from the point of view of Turkological and linguistic studies. The Persian versions of the work say that the treatise was completed in 1527 by order of the nomadic Uzbek Khan Abu Sagid Khan. Therefore, according to the classification of J. Ekman, the date of writing this treatise refers to the period after the classical era of the Eastern Turkic language. Based on the treatise “Dastur al-‘ilaj”, the article examines the linguistic features of medical works of the 16th century. Thus, in the original text, an analysis was made of the phonetic features of nouns, the phonetic features of the names of plants, animals, body parts and internal organs of a person, as well as the spelling of borrowed words. Key words: comparative phonetics, medieval Turkic language, spelling peculiarities, Turkic studies, original text.

Arabic Metonymy and Synecdoche in English Translation: The Case of Body Parts

This paper examines the figurative use, both metonymy and synecdoche, of Arabic body parts in English literary translation. The aim is twofold: first to investigate the translational procedures used to render them and, second, to see what linguistic and cultural constraints determine translational choices. The corpus consists of first-encountered 100 Arabic utterances featuring names of body parts extracted from Naguib Mahfouz’s (1947) novel زقاق المدق and their English renditions in LeGassick’s translation Zuqaq Almadaq (1992). The data is first categorized in terms of literal and figurative use, and then the latter is classified into metonymy and synecdoche. The results show that translational choices are governed by linguistic, aesthetic, and cultural constraints of both English and Arabic discourse. The study concludes that reference to body parts varies in terms of frequency in favor of Arabic but they are a common feature of both languages’ literary discourse. Therefore, the translator has to be sensitive to their literal as well as figurative meaning within each culture, in order to provide, when possible, a parallel physical description and preserve the aesthetic value of metonymic and synecdochic expressions. Keywords: Arabic, English, Body parts, Metonymy, Synecdoche, Translation.

Somatic Terms of the Buryat Language as Loci

The article deals with the development of locus meanings in the somatic terms of the Buryat language. Anatomical terminology refers to the basic, most ancient part of the vocabulary in all languages. Despite this, the names of body parts have not received an exhaustive semantic description. It is noted that in general Buryat lexicology and lexicography are less studied than the grammatical structure. This necessitates a comprehensive linguistic study of this lexical group of words. Based on the analysis of field materials collected in 2014-2019 in Ust-Ordynskiy Buryat District of the Irkutsk region, and information from published works, it is concluded that as a result of the development of polysemy, the names of body parts acquire the meaning of certain parts of the territory, which allows them to move into proper names. The considered examples show that this process is based on a metaphor. A comparison lying within a metaphor reveals the similarity between two objects, thereby indicating some important feature of the second. Metaphor generates or implies a certain view of the subject, and does not express it openly. Thus, the metaphor generates additional, secondary meanings of somatic terms. Sometimes completely unexpected “associative” meanings are ethnically determined. The transfer of the meaning of words based on associations also contributes to the formation of locus meanings in somatic vocabulary.

Language Styles of Automotive Mechanics in Selected Garages in Dar es Salaam

This study investigates the language styles used by automotive mechanics in Dar es Salaam to communicate mechanical information. It is guided by conceptual metaphor theory and translanguaging. Data was obtained from interviews with 20 participants, observation, and social media, specifically Jamii Forums and Facebook. The findings of the study show that automotive mechanics employ a variety of strategies to communicate messages to their clients when giving instructions, advising, explaining mechanical processes, and recommending spare parts to them. These strategies include using loan words, translanguaging, and assigning the names of body parts and human actions to car parts and mechanical processes respectively. Other strategies include the metaphorical use of body parts and personification. The study shows that automotive mechanics use these strategies not only because of their incompetence in using English or Swahili to communicate technical issues but also as a matter of style.

EMOTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH A SOMATIC COMPONENT IN HENRYK SIENKIEWICZ’S NOVEL “THE CRUSADERS”

The article analyzes the emotional characteristics of phraseological units with a somatic component. It is determined that phraseological compounds containing the names of body parts are somatic phraseological units and constitute a significant part of the vocabulary of the Polish language. It is emphasized that phraseological units with a somatic component are an important lexical group in the Polish language. It was determined that the increase in somatic phraseological units in the resource of Polish idioms reflects their ability to create new idiomatic units. It has been established that the author used a large number of phraseological units with a somatic component in the novel by Henryk Sienkiewicz. It is noted that phraseological units with a somatic component make it possible to realize and understand how an understanding of the picture of the world is formed in a person through a somatic code, in particular, such linguistic units contain cultural information, collective cultural memory. Such a verbalized somatic component is represented by linguistic units that characterize not only a person, but also his physiological, mental and emotional spheres. The article analyzes more than 200 phraseological units with a somatic component and identifies 10 thematic blocks, in particular, joy, anger, love, suffering, anxiety, surprise, contempt, fear, sadness, despair. Attention is focused on phraseological units with a somatic component: heart, eyes, face, because these lexemes clearly convey emotions. During the analysis, the main function of somatisms was determined – emotional. The meaning of phraseological units with a somatic component in the novel “The Crusaders” by Henryk Sienkiewicz is analyzed. The use of phraseological units with a somatic component by the author is associated with their linguistic properties: imagery, expressiveness, anthropocentricity, the ability to create and complement the corresponding positive or negative verbal image of the hero.

Zum Gebrauch von Idiomen in der Sprache der Politik. Eine kontrastive Analyse der Vorkommenshäufigkeit und Struktur von Somatismen in deutschen und kosovarischen Parlamentsdebatten

This article deals with the use of idioms featuring the names of body parts in political speech, specifically in parliamentary debates. Its aim is to investigate the frequency of occurrence of idioms featuring the names of body parts. Accordingly, it investigates which names of body parts occur most frequently in German and Kosovar parliamentary debates. A further aim of the study is to examine the communicative-pragmatic performance of idioms featuring the names of body parts in this genre. As is well known, politicians often use idioms with the aim of expressing emotions and attitudes about certain events and thereby creating a degree of closeness to their voters.

TEIL-GANZES-RELATIONEN IM KONTRASTIVEN VERGLEICH (AM BEISPIEL DER KÖRPERTEILBENENNUNGEN IN DEN GERMANISCHEN UND SLAWISCHEN SPRACHEN)

This paper deals with the research of the Part-Whole-Relations in the lexical system of the language exemplified by the human body part names in the Germanic (German, English) and Slavonic (Ukrainian, Russian) languages. The contrastive approach reveals the main differences in the nomination and segmentation process of the lexical units under analysis. The system of naive segmentation of the human body is proved to be the rich source of anthropomorphic metaphor in the compared languages. The polysemy level of the body part names in the contrasted languages is distinguished with the help of the index of polysemy. The study focuses on the classification of the regular semantic change paths of the body part names, highlights cross-language similarities and differences in their semantics and outlines their semantic productivity in the field of terminology.