Body Of Constitutional Justice Research Articles

ПРИНЦИПЫ КОНСТИТУЦИОННОГО ТОЛКОВАНИЯ. ПРАКТИКА КОНСТИТУЦИОННОГО СУДА АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ

The article studies four classical ways of interpretation of constitutional rights by constitutional justice body. The author concludes that in applying the four canons of interpretation, a sequence must be observed where the grammatical interpretation is the basic method of understanding the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the issues of implementation of human rights and freedoms. Systematic and teleological interpretation are used as additional methods. The methods under consideration acts as a certain framework for judges (или The methods under consideration provided a framework for judges.). Thus, following them does not allow the constitutional justice bodies to go beyond their own competence. The analysis of classical methods of interpretation stimulates further research in this area, including a separate analysis that requires interdisciplinary interpretation, constitutional conformal interpretation, a comparative interpretation of constitutional text, etc.

Удосконалення механізмів реалізації функцій Конституційного Суду України як органу державної влади з особливим статусом

The article investigates the functions of the body of constitutional justice, their importance and influence on the functioning of the mechanism of public administration. The approaches to understanding the functions, powers and competencies of the Constitutional Justice body in the system of public authorities are analyzed and the analysis of existing legislation on this issue is carried out. It is determined that in the process of becoming statehood, in the organization and activity of the system of state bodies, the implementation of certain functions of the body of constitutional justice allows to ensure the stability of the functioning of the mechanism of state administration and balance among branches of government.The purpose of the article is to investigate the features of the functions exercised by the bodies of constitutional justice in Ukraine. The scientific novelty is to study and identify the functions of constitutional justice bodies, to determine their systemic nature, and to determine the significance of the implementation of functions by the body of constitutional justice as an element of the mechanism of public administration.The stability of the functioning of the mechanism of public administration, in addition to being based on the fundamental law, depends to a large extent on the internal equilibrium among the public authorities and their competence of independence. At the same time, due to historical conditions and political process, especially in the «young democracy» states, situations of conflict among state bodies of different branches of power, violations of the basic law, attempts of usurpation of power, etc., arise. In such circumstances, the body of constitutional justice, with its exceptional functionality and mechanisms, ensures the rule of law, political stability and balance of the mechanism of public administration.Taking into consideration that the body of constitutional justice is a special state body, it has a number of functions that are directly or indirectly reflected in the legislation. However, the greatest advantage of this body is that it is not restricted in applying solely legally defined levers and mechanisms for resolving specific issues. The disputes or interpretations of normative acts can be considered by them from the standpoint of the basic principles of the functioning of the state: the rule of law, priority of human and citizen rights, democracy, etc.In connection with the abovementioned, the characterization of the functions of a constitutional justice body makes it possible to understand the specificity of this body, its importance and place in the system of public authorities. In addition, by improving the functions of the constitutional justice body, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the activity of this state body and to ensure the stability of the functioning the public administration mechanism.

Protection of the economic basis of local self-government in
 the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Russia

The subject. The article is devoted to the analysis of decisions of the Constitutional Court of
 Russia concerning the economic basis of local government in Russia in order to demonstrate
 the special role of its legal positions in ensuring and protecting the economic foundations
 of local self-government in the Russian Federation. The subject of the article is legal acts
 and decisions of the Constitutional Court of Russia devoted to the economic foundations of
 local self-government in Russian Federation.
 The aim of the article is to confirm or disprove the following hypothesis. As it seems from
 the practice of the Constitutional Court of Russia, the existing system of implementing the
 regulatory framework of the economic basis of municipalities in Russia is unsatisfactory,
 while the Constitutional Court of Russia, through the development of its legal positions,
 smoothes out the negative aspects and sets up legislative and executive authorities to create the necessary conditions for the development of local government and to ensure its
 economic and organizational independence. The methodology. The authors apply general scientific methods of comparative, logical and
 statistical research, as well as analysis of Russian law enforcement and judicial practice in
 the field of local self-government.
 The main results, scope of application. Despite the provisions of the European Charter of
 Local Government on the right of local governments to possess sufficient own financial resources, the reality shows a very deplorable picture of the formation of the regulatory
 framework of the economy of municipalities in Russia. The existence of very heterogeneous
 judicial practice, primarily arbitration, makes the situation worse. In this regard, a special
 role in protecting the economic foundations of local government is assigned to the Constitutional Court of Russia.
 Conclusion. The issues of legal regulation of the economic basis of local government need increased attention of the state and urgently require a deliberate change, primarily in the form
 of developing a federal state policy, taking into account the practice already developed by the
 Constitutional Court of Russia. It is the highest federal body of constitutional justice that often
 acts as the last bastion of protecting the economic potential of local government.

CONSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE INSTITUTE OF THE PEOPLE`S RULE THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE RULE OF LAW IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

The modern researchers are increasingly beginning to address the issue of constitutionalization of public relations, noting that this process is inextricably linked with the activities of constitutional courts, which in one way or another affect the process of constitutionalization of public relations, legal family, national and other features is noted. The issue of constitutional modernization of the institution of democracy in the context of the national ground of awareness of the rule of law through the prism of domestic philosophy, literature, culture, highlights the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as the main external form of interpretation of constitutional provisions democracy as a product of the system of state bodies, the actualization of attention to constitutionalism as the main mechanism of this institution. Constitutionalism is seen as a socio-political system that limits the arbitrariness of power and determines the guarantees of human rights and fundamental freedoms. In the narrow sense, constitutionalism is embodied in the activities of constitutional justice bodies to verify the legal acts of public authorities for their constitutionality. It is such properties of constitutionalism as the restriction of arbitrariness, the definition of guarantees of human rights and fundamental freedoms through the Constitutional Court of Ukraine's review of legal acts of the authorities for their constitutionality allows to include constitutionalism in the main mechanism of building democracy in Ukraine, ensuring its forms and mechanisms.
 Proved matched constitutionalism as a phenomenon and as a process konstytutsionalizatsiya a priority mechanism construction in Ukraine democracy that is provided, including verification of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine acts of the authorities for their compliance with the general postulates of the rule of law.

Modern Concepts in Russian Constitutional Law

The change of the scientific paradigm in Russian jurisprudence is accompanied by the affirmation of pluralism in a legal science. The paper has highlighted that the modern Russian constitutional theory seeks to express itself in the problems of ontological and axiological foundations, claiming to form an integral ”constitutional philosophy.”Constitutional axiology represents one of the most significant concepts of constitutionalism. Constitutional axiology is built as a field of scientific reflection (the nature, content, system of constitutional values). From these standpoints, the author provides for the assessment of law-enforcement carried out by the body of constitutional justice. The paper recognizes the high importance of research of constitutional law from the axiological point of view.The author has concluded that constitutional values as a reflection and expression of the “charter” of the life of the society (“protoconstitutional”) represent objectivated systemic totality functioning as the ultimate goal of constitutional development. Constitutional values represent concepts that must correspond to the social and spiritual environment of the society and the purpose of the State.The paper critically assesses the concept of a “living constitution” in its Russian interpretation as the constitutional and appraisal activity of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation with regard to “generation” of constitutional values. It is noted that the result of the work of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation expressed in its legal determinations, can not represent other (“generated” by it) constitutional values except those contained in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. “Transformation” of the content and legal attitudes and meanings of the Constitution, constitutional values without changing the text of the Constitution may lead to “distortions” of the essence of the Constitution and intent for the Constitution to be an act with the highest legal force.

До питання визначення конституційної юстиції в механізмі державного управління: досвід України та держав Східної Європи

У статті досліджено особливості органу конституційної юстиції в Україні та державах Східної Європи. Приділено увагу підходам до розуміння органу конституційної юстиції в системі органів державної влади й аналізу законодавства з цього питання. Зазначено, що у процесі становлення конституційної юстиції, при організації та діяльності відповідного органу, закладено різні законодавчі підходи до його діяльності, перш за все, з огляду на сутнісні характеристики та правову природу. Проаналізовано значення органу конституційної юстиції в механізмі державного управління.
 Метою статті є дослідження особливостей органів конституційної юстиції в Україні та державах Східної Європи.
 Наукова новизна полягає у дослідженні та виокремленні особливостей органів конституційної юстиції в Україні та державах Східної Європи, а також у визначенні ролі та місця конституційної юстиції в механізмі державного управління.
 Висновки. Вирішення проблемних питань при організації ефективного державного управління на найвищому рівні має відбуватися із використанням інструментів конституційної юстиції у відповідності до практики конституційної ефективності публічної влади, з урахуванням принципу верховенства права, а також максимального дотримання норм конституції органами публічної влади під час реалізації повноважень на відповідній території. Реалізація принципу верховенства права під час розподілу повноважень між вищими органами державної влади може ефективно забезпечуватися лише відповідальним впливовим органом – органом конституційної юстиції. Наявність органу конституційної юстиції дозволяє урівноважувати механізм державного управління за рахунок арбітражних повноважень та вирішення конфліктних ситуацій на найвищому рівні. Водночас дослідження правової природи органу конституційної юстиції в Україні та державах Східної Європи підтверджує думку про те, що органи конституційної юстиції, виходячи зі своїх повноважень, вирішують спори про право і врегульовують правові конфлікти, які виникають між найвищими державними інститутами, таким чином, встановлюючи конституційну істину про право й забезпечуючи конституційне правокористування та реальний конституціоналізм. Побудова ефективного механізму державного управління має ґрунтуватися, у першу чергу, на принципах верховенства права та конституційного людиноцентризму. Адже ефективність діяльності органів державної влади вимірюється рівнем життя громадян та здатністю оперативно й консолідовано вирішувати проблеми і виклики різного характеру. Аналіз досліджень вітчизняних та зарубіжних вчених стосовно змістовного наповнення поняття «орган конституційної юстиції» дає змогу зробити висновок, що конституційна юстиція є складовою механізму державного управління з надзвичайними повноваженнями впливу на прийняті рішення чи дії суб’єктів державного управління найвищого рівня.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОГО АНАЛИЗА ИНСТИТУТА ДОПУСТИМОСТИ ЖАЛОБ ГРАЖДАН В КОНСТИТУЦИОННОМ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ

The article contains a comparative legal analysis of the Institute of admissibility of complaints of citizens on violation of their constitutional rights and freedoms under the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of its subject  the Republic of Dagestan. The reasons for the differences in the legal regulation of the institution in question are considered, the proposal to improve the legislation on the constitutional Court of the Republic of Dagestan is made. It is concluded that compliance with the principles of the rule of law and the priority of the rights and freedoms of citizens can only be achieved through the joint efforts of all bodies of state power and local self-government, officials and ordinary citizens to ensure constitutional legality in lawmaking and law enforcement, which the constitutional justice bodies consistently uphold.

CONSTITUTIONAL LEGAL VALUES: CONCEPT, TYPES, AND HIERARCHY

Constitutional values are fundamental factors in determining the vector of development of the domestic state and law. Analyzing the law enforcement practice, as well as the interpretative activity of constitutional justice bodies, primarily the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, it is possible to trace which values in the event of legal conflicts receive priority over others. This, in turn, allows most researchers to talk about the hierarchy of constitutional values. What constitutes constitutional values and what should be considered as such is highly controversial in the legal literature. In this article, the author considers constitutional values, analyzes their legal nature and place among other legal values. It offers an author’s vision of understanding constitutional values and their difference from constitutional principles and other provisions of a constitutional nature. It is proposed that the constitutional values include legal freedom, property relations, public order and state security. Constitutional values should not be confused with other provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The author analyzes the opinions expressed regarding the classification and hierarchy of constitutional values. The problems of their institutionalization at present in the Russian Federation are substantiated, as well as some possible ways of overcoming their speedy implementation in contemporary social reality are expressed. It is concluded that the implementation of constitutional values entirely depends not only on social and economic conditions, but also on the system of public authorities created in the state whose activities should contribute to the realization of individual legal freedom, protection of various forms of ownership, ensuring public law and order and state security. The research methodology is based on the dialectical method, which made it possible to identify the features of constitutional-legal values and their place in the system of socially significant values of public order. The use of the comparative (comparative legal) method contributed to the determination of the properties of those values that may be called constitutional, and to find differences from other legal values. With the help of historical and prognostic methods, the invariability of constitutional and legal values was substantiated and proved regardless of the historical development of the state and law, which indicates their universal (general) nature.

Functioning of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as Part of Improving the Mechanisms of Public Administration and Sustainable Development of the State

The material of the article reveals the purpose of research in the field of sustainable functioning of the mechanism of state powerthrough the lens of the activity of the body of constitutional justice. Main results of research are the disclosure of the content ofactivities of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as a necessary condition for ensuring a constitutionally defined system of publicauthorities and improving the mechanisms of public administration. The article describes main functional characteristics of the bodyof constitutional justice in Ukraine and their influence on the sustainability of the work of state bodies in terms of division into branchesof power.The importance of constitutional justice for the construction of a legal and democratic state with authoritative institutionswas highlighted in the process of research, the content of the activity of the body of constitutional justice and feasibility of widespreaduse of possibilities of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as a state body with special status were revealed.It is proposed to improvethe functions and powers of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in view of comparative characteristics of the bodies of constitutionaljustice of individual European states. Scientific work substantiates the necessity of reviewing the legislatively defined powers of theConstitutional Court of Ukraine in terms of their extension and adaptation to modern challenges, investigates the significance of thedecisions and conclusions of this body for improving the mechanisms of public administration, determines the role of the Court in thesystem of higher bodies of state power by the status of a state body. Based on the definition of strategic goals set by the Constitutionof Ukraine at the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, directions for improving effectiveness of the application of decisions and conclusionsof the Court and interaction with higher bodies of state power are justified. Besides, directions of improvement of the mechanismsof public administration through the prism of the results of the Court’s activity and those of improvement of the legislation with thepurpose of increasing efficiency of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the mechanism of realization of the state power are offered.Keywords: Constitutional Court of Ukraine, constitutional control, constitutional guarantees, constitutional justice mechanisms ofpublic administration, functions of constitutional justice, system of state powerJEL: D73

The Eternally Living and Developing Idea of Constitutionalism in the Context of the Foundations and the Essence of Activity the Supreme Body of Constitutional Justice of the Russian Federation

Studying the legal foundations of the functioning of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the essence of its final acts, the author reveals the main conf licts that the practice of constitutional justice has objectified, directly or indirectly leveling out the very idea of creating and socially-normative appointment of this body in the state and society.

Novels Of Constitutional Production: Theoretical Aspect

The article is devoted to the problem of short stories in constitutional proceedings, the problems of their understanding, implementation and improvement of a number of related provisions. The Law of Ukraine “About the Constitutional Court of Ukraine” has expanded the catalogue of powers of production entities; especially the institution of a constitutional complaint has been introduced as the only effective mechanism for protecting individuals and legal entities regarding violated rights and freedoms.
 The innovations of the current Law of Ukraine “On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine” included the following powers of this institution: providing, at the request of the President of Ukraine or at least forty-five people’s deputies of Ukraine, conclusions on the compliance of the Constitution of Ukraine with questions that are proposed for submission to an all-Ukrainian referendum on a popular initiative; resolving issues of compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine and the laws of Ukraine of regulatory legal acts of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea at the request of the President of Ukraine; resolving issues of compliance of the laws of Ukraine (their individual provisions) with the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine on the constitutional complaint of a person who believes that the law of Ukraine applied in the final judicial decision in his case is contrary to the Constitution of Ukraine.
 The above law also provides for the official interpretation of only the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine. At the same time, under the Law “On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine”, as amended in 1996, powers were provided for the interpretation of laws. Moreover, according to the author, the function of interpreting the norms of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine should belong to a single body of constitutional justice of Ukraine as an independent and abstracted subject of political and legal processes.
 According to the author’s opinion, certain provisions can be attributed to the novels of the law “On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine”, according to which the legislator combined not only the European model of constitutional justice, but also the Anglo-Saxon one in terms of the organizational structure of the Court. This is evidenced by the introduction of the Chamber as an analogue of the European Court of Human Rights, the structure of which includes all judges, two senates of 9 judges and six boards of 3 judges each. The listed subjects of constitutional proceedings have the status of court bodies
 According to the author, this law also requires additions in terms of specifying the procedure for the competition of candidates for the post ofjudge of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, in matters of probation in court before deciding on their appointment. In addition, it is advisable to provide for amendments to the law of the procedure for dismissing judges of the court, as well as competitive selection for the position of category “A” employees in the Secretariat of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine.

A Rational Model of the Constitutional Regulation

25 years of influence of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on public relations in our State has radically changed the idea of the Constitution and Constitutional Law. Admission of the Constitution of the Russian Federation by the society marked the formal recognition of social values spelled out in the Constitution and the nature of the legal principles implementing these values that are generally recognized by international law. The system of constitutional principles of natural origin became the basis for the constitutional regulation of social relations. The natural origin of legal principles means that they emerged in legal reality as a result of rational activity of a man, not only in terms of legitimizing the natural rights inherent in the man from birth, but also within the framework of their corrective impact on state regimes in light of promotion of civil rights and human freedoms. The natural origin of the constitutional principles gives an objective character to the constitutional regulation, and their predetermination and supremacy in relation to the influence of the legislative activity of the State power allows to create a constructive dichotomy of the constitutional and legislative regimes. In the theoretical and legal sense, constitutional principles as regulators of social relations constitute the “law of the Constitution”. Its fundamental part consists of the basic constitutional principles that determine the foundations of the constitutional system. The paper defines the mechanism of influence of constitutional principles on public relations that is different from the normative regulation: constitutional principles, in contrast to the norms acting in full compliance with their content, act in accordance with a a certain detectable extent of its content. Legal development of constitutional regulation arises from the interpretation of constitutional principles by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Resolving cases with regard to the constitutionality of normative legal acts, the body of constitutional justice creates legal stances — new constitutional regulators of social relations that not only correct the constitutional development of the State, but also are the law-making characteristics of the decisions. Using the construction of constitutional regulation, the author proposes an actual understanding of the problem of constitutional identity.

LEGAL REGULATION OF THE FINANCIAL SUPPLY OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF UKRAINE

The aim of the article is to study the history and modernity, the doctrine and practice of legal regulation of financial support of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. The subject of the study is the legal regulation of the financial support of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. Methodology. Scientific research is based on the use of philosophical, general scientific and special scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. The dialectical method allowed considering the legal regulation of the financial support of the functioning of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in development and interaction with other social and legal phenomena. The historical method is aimed at reconstructing the genesis of legal regulation of the financial support of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine at various stages of its formation. The formal legal method enabled to characterize the specificities of the legal regulation of financial support of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine by legal constructions and legal terminology. Comparative legal method contributed to the study of the specifics of the legal regulation of financial guarantees of the independence of constitutional justice bodies in certain countries of the world. The results of the study revealed that the characteristic feature of socio-political transformations in modern Ukrainian society is ongoing reformation of constitutional justice, one task of which is to strengthen the financial independence of the CCU as potentially the most effective institution for the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, establishment of legal, constitutional Ukraine. Practical implications. In the study, firstly, the views of experts on the legal regulation and practice of financing the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as a body of constitutional jurisdiction were considered; secondly, the specificities of legal regulation of financing of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine before the reform of constitutional justice in 2016–2017 were studied; thirdly, the current state and prospects of improving the financial support of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine were analysed. Relevance/originality. On the basis of a comprehensive study of the constitutional doctrine, domestic and foreign legislation and practice of its implementation, directions of strengthening the financial independence of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine are proposed.

Constitutional Justice in Circumstances of Public Authority Limits

The article considers the bodies of constitutional justice as a significant subject of legal relations in the sphere of limited activity of public authority. The principle of separation of powers as universal is taken as a basis of classification. In modern states, the bodies of constitutional justice, exercising their special powers, are subject to limiting legal regulation, like any other public authority. The completeness and quality of functioning of various constitutional justice bodies guarantee the rule of law in the state. In addition to state-oriented tasks, the bodies of constitutional justice are an important link in the human rights system, ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual. Within the framework of this work, the authors characterize the subjects of limiting legal relations taking a special place in the systems of state power bodies of the developed countries of the modern world.

The Principle of Accessibility of Constitutional Justice: its content and guarantees

The article focuses on the specifics of the content and guarantees of the principle of accessibility of constitutional justice, which is one of the main principles of the activities of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and constitutional (statutory) courts of constituent entities of the Federation. In general terms, this principle presupposes the creation of organizational, institutional and regulatory legal conditions that provide a real opportunity not only to refer authorized entities to the body of constitutional justice, but also to consider and resolve the case in order to effectively restore violated rights. The following main guarantees of the principle of accessibility of constitutional justice are analyzed: establishment of clear and transparent rules for the jurisdiction of relevant cases; absence of unnecessary organizational and fiscal encumbrances related to appealing to the bodies of constitutional justice; ensuring the possibility to use such a method of considering the case that is convenient for the applicant, including those that are based of modern information technologies; free access to information concerning the activities of the bodies of constitutional justice, etc. The main problems concerning a legislative framework of these guarantees are shown.

The Legal Nature and the Formation Limits of the Legal Propositions (Ratio Decidendi) of the Constitutional (Charter) Courts of the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation

The article discusses different points of view on the concept of ”a legal proposition (ratio decidendi) of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.” Based on analysis of the points of view in question, the author highlights the main features of this notion and offers the author's definition of legal propositions (ratio decidendi) of the constitutional (charter) courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the regional legislation regulating constitutional (charter) courts shows that the legal propositions of constitutional (charter) courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the decisions of the authorities mentioned are not identical concepts. A legal proposition of a court (ratio decidendi) is referred to as a rule (principle) formulated by the court in a case dealt with by this court as a result of the court interpretation of a legal act. The legal proposition of a regional body of constitutional justice is assigned a normative-interpretative nature and it applies not only to a purely specific normative legal act that should be evaluated in a particular case, but also to regulations that duplicate the provisions of the law evaluated by the court.

Correlation between Concepts of Legal Position and Decision of Body of the Constitutional Justice

In the scientific article the author argues on similarities and distinctions between a legal position and the decision of the body of constitutional justice. The author reveals the issue of legal positions of bodies of the constitutional control as a complicated legal phenomenon and their influence on legal system of the Russian Federation. The concept of a legal position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, signs and essence of this phenomenon are defined in the article. The features of formation of legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation are also studied here. The author brings up the issues connected with the scope of research and tries to solve them in the conclusion of this article. For example, the author concerns a problem of lack of definitely issued mechanism of execution and application of legal positions in law-making and law-enforcement activity.