Body Image Disorders Research Articles

Obezite Sorunu Olan Bireylerde Yeme Bağımlılığı ile Beden İmajı Arasındaki İlişkide Depresyonun Aracılık Etkisi

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the mediation effect of depression on the association between food addiction and body dissatisfaction in patients who seek for treatment for obesity.
 Methods: The study population consisted of 105 patients admitted to an obesity center in a university hospital. Data from were collected with the patient information form, the Yale Food Addiction Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Body Image Scale. The direct relationship between food addiction and body dissatisfaction and the mediating effect of depression in the relationship between these two constructs were examined using multi-group structural equation modeling analysis by gender.
 Results: The mean age of the patients was 50.22±10.05, 86.8% of them were females. The mean body mass index of the patients was calculated as 40.29±6.67. It was determined that 38.7% of the sample met the food addiction diagnosis criteria. It was found that 39.1% of females and 35.7% of males had food addiction. As a result of the modeling analysis, it was determined that there was no direct pathway between body dissatisfaction and food addiction, depression symptoms complete mediated the relationship between these two constructs. Results of multi-group analysis showed that the mediation model was consistent across gender.
 Conclusion: In the treatment of obesity cases in which food addiction and body image disorders coexist, examining the existence of depression and treating it can increase the success rate.

Cuidados enfermeros en adaptación al rol de cuidadores informales de personas con enfermedad de Parkinson

IntroductionParkinson's disease (PD) is catastrophic, chronic, and neurodegenerative. In advanced stage requires a permanent informal caregiver. The adaptation of the caregiver to their role is unknown, a fundamental aspect to guarantee the quality of care. ObjectivePrepare a healthcare proposal with standardized language to promote the adaptation of informal caregivers of Parkinson's patients to their social role. MethodsTwo-phase study: literature review and preparation of a care proposal. Search in ProQuest, Scielo, Scient Direct, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases, in English, Spanish and Portuguese languages, for the last five years. Descriptors: Parkinson's disease, chronic disease, caregivers, adaptation, nursing process. The proposal articulates the Callista Roy adaptation model with the nursing process using NANDA-NOC-NIC taxonomy. ResultsFew publications on coping and adaptation of caregivers and on the Nursing Process to caregivers using standardized language. Committed adaptation modes: role function and Self-concept. Relevant nursing diagnoses: tiredness of the caregiver role, interruption of family processes, impairment of social interaction, ineffective relationship, compromised family coping, willingness to improve self-concept, risk of low situational self-esteem, and body image disorder. Two NOC outcomes and three NIC interventions were linked for each diagnosis. ConclusionsThe articulation of the Callista Roy adaptation model with the standardized language NANDA-NOC-NIC is an innovative contribution to the disciplinary and professional development of neurological and community nursing. The proposal makes it possible to monitor the levels of adaptation of the informal caregiver and intervene in a timely manner.

The Psychosocial Role of Body Image in the Quality of Life of Head and Neck Cancer Patients. What Does the Future Hold?-A Review of the Literature.

Background and Objectives: It is well known that among all cancers, cancers of the head and neck (HNC) have a major impact on patients’ quality of life. Disfigurement, anxiety and disabling physical and psychological symptoms affect people with HNC to such an extent that the suicide rate in this category of patients is exceeded only by that of patients with pancreatic cancer. The aim of this review was to summarize the published literature describing the severity of body image and quality of life impairment in patients with HNC over time, and to examine the psychosocial and functional associations and interventions implemented to improve body image and quality of life. Materials and Methods: We conducted a literature search from 1 January 2018 to June 2021 that included electronic searches of six major databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PsychArticles and Scopus) and review of references of articles screened. Of 620 records, only 9 articles met the eligibility criteria. Results: Numerous studies have been conducted to analyze various psychological variables, but there is still a lack of standardization in the assessment of body image perception (BI) and quality of life, resulting in small-scale testing of interventions with poor results. Conclusions: Expected longitudinal studies describing the flow of body image problems and the mediation and balance factors associated with body image will allow researchers to design methods aimed at limiting body image disorders and thus improving quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer.

Pendidikan Kesehatan Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 yang Mengalami Ulkus Diabetikum Dengan Gangguan Konsep Diri: Citra Tubuh Di Rumah Sakit Tk II Putri Hijau Medan 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a hyperglycemic condition that occurs even though endogenous insulin is available where the insulin levels produced are damaged by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, the liver produces glucose more than normal, carbohydrates in food are not metabolized properly anymore, eventually the pancreas secretes a large amount of insulin. less than needed. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia from 2000 experienced a surge of 8.4 million and in 2020 to 21.3 million. Diabetes Mellitus who suffers from diabetic ulcers requires proper care and treatment considering that the healing process is not short. To prevent the severity of injuries, efforts that can be made include good nutritional status, diabetes mellitus control, wound examination, foot care, and diabetic foot exercises. This research method used is descriptive case study. Subjects The research was conducted on 2 patients with 1 case with the same nursing problem, namely body image disorders with the provision of health education. The results of the study were obtained after nursing actions were carried out on patient 1 and patient 2, namely the body image disorder has been resolved by providing health education about the fulfillment of body image. Keywords: Body Image; Health Education; Diabetes Mellitus.

Effects of Appearance- and Performance-Enhancing Drugs on Personality Traits.

Appearance- and performance-enhancing drugs (APEDs) are commonly used by adolescents and young adults in an effort to improve not only athletic performance but also physical and mental efficiency and sexual appearance. The rationale for using these drugs is grounded in the perceived importance of external appearance, the quest for health and youth, and the urge to boost one's sexual performances. Although APED users tend to be quite moderate overall, some specific subpopulations can display pathological use associated with high-risk behaviors. A wide and diverse range of APEDs is now easily accessible to almost anyone through backdoor online avenues. Common APEDs include anabolic–androgenic steroids, non-steroidal anabolics, anorectics, diuretics and ergo/thermogenics, nootropics or “cognition enhancers,” licit and illicit psychostimulants, and finally, sexual enhancers. The use of APEDs appears linked to several psychopathological disorders of unclear prevalence, e.g., body image disorders and eating disorders, perfectionism, but also depression and loneliness. The role of personality traits related to APED use has been investigated in adolescents and young adults, in elite and amateur athletes, and in chemsexers and associated with the above-reported personality traits. The studies herein analyzed show that APED consumption in the general population is quickly growing into a public health concern. It is therefore essential to launch prevention and intervention projects aimed at promoting safe instrumental use of the body, not only in sports disciplines but also among the general population, and to promote psychological aid procedures for people with substance use issues, depression and anxiety, and body image disorders.

Parietal Lobe Reorganization and Widespread Functional Connectivity Integration in Upper-Limb Amputees: A rs-fMRI Study

The right parietal lobe plays an important role in body image, and disorders of body image emerge after lesions in the parietal lobe or with parietal lobe epilepsy. Body image disorder also often accompanies upper-limb amputation, in which the patient misperceives that their missing limb is still part of their body. Cortical reorganization is known to occur after upper-limb amputation, but it is not clear how widespread and to what degree functional connectivity (FC) is reorganized post-amputation, nor whether such changes might be related to misperceptions of body image. Twenty-four subjects who had a traumatically upper-limb amputees (ULAs) and 24 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans. Regions of interest (ROIs) in the right superior parietal gyrus (SPG_R) and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL_R) were defined using BrainNet Viewer. We calculated the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in ROIs and correlated the ROI mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (mALFF) and mean scores on the phantom limb sensation (PLS) scale and beck depression index (BDI). We also calculated ROIs and whole-brain FC. Compared to the HC group, we observed significantly increased activation (mALFF) in ROIs of the ULA group. Moreover, correlation analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between ROI mALFF and scores on the PLS. There was a significant negative correlation between the SPG_R mALFF and BDI scores. Seed-based, whole-brain FC analysis revealed that FC in the ULA group significantly decreased in many brain regions across the entire brain. The right parietal lobe appears to be involved in some aspect of body awareness and depression in amputation patients. Upper-limb amputation results not only in reorganization in the local brain area formerly representing the missing limb, but also results in more widespread reorganization through FC changes in whole brain.

Sexuality amongst heterosexual women with morbid obesity in a bariatric surgery programme: A qualitative study.

The objective of this study is to describe and understand the experiences of sexuality amongst heterosexual women with morbid obesity (MO) who are in a bariatric surgery program. Morbid obesity is a chronic, metabolic disease that affects women's physical, psychological and sexual health. MO is associated with anxiety, depression and body image disorders. Bariatric surgery is a reliable method for weight loss in people with MO. A qualitative descriptive study research design was adopted. Twenty-one heterosexual women with MO in a bariatric surgery program were recruited through purposive sampling. Data collection included individual semi-structured interviews conducted between November 2018 and May 2019. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a computer-assisted qualitative data. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) trapped in a body that limits my sexuality; (2) between neglect and hope and (3) the partner as a source of support for sexuality in women with MO. Women hide a body that they do not accept and ignore their own sexuality, focusing on that of their partner. Although the women have doubts about their partners' desire for them, they share the decision-making process with them whilst waiting for bariatric surgery, on which they place all of their hopes for improved sexuality and quality of life. The findings highlight the importance of exploring the experiences and sexual issues faced by heterosexual women with MO in a bariatric surgery program. Bariatric nurses have a privileged position to assess these women's sexuality, recommend alternatives to sexual intercourse or refer them to sexologists. As part of the multidisciplinary team, nurses can contribute to managing the expectations of women with MO and their partners in relation to the improvement of their sex lives following bariatric surgery.

DESCRIPTION OF BODY IMAGE AMONG TEENAGERS

Body image has a big influence on teenagers in seeing themselves positively or negatively. A teenager sees him/herself positively, then he/she will have satisfaction with the body shape they have, so that his/her self-confidence increases. Meanwhile, if they judge themselves negatively there will be dissatisfaction with their body shape, which has an impact on decreasing his/her self-confidence. The purpose of this research was to determine the description of body image in teenagers at SMAN 17 Garut. This research was a descriptive research with quantitative approach. The population in this research were 606 teenagers who were students at SMAN 17 Garut. The sample of the research was 241 teenagers by taking stratified random sampling. Data collection techniques with body image instrument modified by Andiyati from the questionnaire (MBRSQ-AS). The results showed that 125 people (51.9%) were in the negative category and 116 people (48.1%) were in the positive category which meant this research showed that the body image of teenagers at SMAN 17 Garut were in the negative category and the results on aspects of respondent's body image was in the negative category. Based on the results of the research conducted at SMAN 17 Garut, to anticipate the emergence of body image in teenagers can be done by providing direction or motivation to prevent the occurrence of higher body image disorders among teenagers. This can be done through cooperation between teachers and nurses.

Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Reducing Body Image Disorders in Adolescent Girls

Background: Body image dissatisfaction and weight self-stigma are prevalent and are associated with physical and psychological ill-health. Acceptance and commitment therapy is increasingly used for both, yet little is known about its effectiveness. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy in reducing the body image disorder in adolescent girls. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of the study was all high school female adolescents with body image disorder; 280 girls were selected based on available sampling from 3 high schools in Ardabil City. Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) scales were used to assess body image disorder and data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 19. Results: The results of this study indicated that this treatment was effective in reducing body image disorder in adolescent girls. Conclusions: Therefore, this treatment is suggested to reduce body image disorder in adolescent girls.

Utilisation de la réalité virtuelle dans les troubles des conduites alimentaires

Virtual reality is a new technology that can be used to model an environment with which an individual can interact using all five senses. It is notably used in psychiatry for anxiety disorders and addictions, and its use in eating disorders has been growing in recent years. Indeed, virtual reality offers interesting advantages, such as its ability to personalize any environment, which is also more secure and controllable. Recent studies show promising results in the understanding, evaluation, and therapeutic management of eating disorders. The use of avatars in anorexia nervosa allows for a correct assessment of the perceptual (body image distortion) and cognitive-affective (body dissatisfaction) components of the body image disorder in a similar way to conventional methods, but also for a better understanding of them. Moreover, avatars allow the development of innovative therapeutic protocols and are thus used in the context of exposure therapy. The new body swapping protocol, based on a multisensory illusion, offers particularly promising results in the reduction of body image disorder. For bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder, virtual reality has made it possible to better characterize the triggering mechanisms of binge eating episodes through studies that have observed different responses to food-related environments and stimuli. At the therapeutic level, virtual reality cue exposure therapy has the most empirical support. Its aim is to reduce or eliminate the anxiety and craving felt by a patient in response to exposure to food or other food-related cues by preventing the patient from consuming food, and results show clear reductions in anxiety, craving and binge eating episodes. While all these results seem to indicate a bright future for virtual reality in eating disorders, further studies are needed to validate the positive impact of its use, but also its limitations. Notably, cyber sickness could alter the smooth running of virtual reality therapy sessions by causing nausea and disorientation. Moreover, it is important to verify that a therapeutic protocol does not lose its effectiveness when it is transposed into virtual reality. However, virtual reality seems to be a therapeutic tool that is better accepted by patients, and even better by adolescents, which is very interesting for eating disorders since adolescents are the most affected. Virtual reality could therefore help motivate patients to pursue treatment and reduce the dropout rate while offering good therapeutic results. Thus, studies conducted in recent years have shown that virtual reality is a promising tool in the understanding, assessment and treatment of eating disorders, and future research should confirm this, particularly in the adolescent population.

Assessment of Quality of Life and Sexual Function in ladies with Pregnancy-Related Skin Changes

Background: Pregnancy is characterized by immunologic, metabolic, endocrine, and vascular changes, which lead to skin changes, making pregnant women suffer from body image disorder, physical performance, and mental health affection which adversely affect their sexual activity and quality of life. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of pregnancy and pregnancy-related changes on the quality of life and sexual function. Patients and Methods: This case-control study involved 160 females divided into 4 groups: 40 pregnant females in the 1st trimester, 40 in the 2nd trimester, 40 in the 3rd trimester, and 40 nonpregnant females as the control group. Every participant filled out the Arabic version of the Female Sexual Dysfunction Index (FSDI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Results: There was a significant difference between the three trimesters regarding the types of skin changes (p=0.006). Acne vulgaris was the most common change in the 1st-trimester group. There was a significant difference between the studied groups as regards the female sexual function (p>0.001 regarding FSDI total score). There was no significant difference between females with skin changes compared to those without regard to their sexual function during 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters (P=0.07,0.5,0.6 resp) regarding FSDI total score. Regarding the DLQI score, there was a significant difference between both the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and control groups (P2=0.01and P3=0.009 respectively) with higher mean values of the DLQI score among females with skin changes. Conclusion: Pregnancy negatively affected female sexual function and quality of life. Skin changes during pregnancy significantly affected the quality of life of pregnant females.

Cultural and environmental associations with body image, diet and well-being in NCAA DI female distance runners: a qualitative analysis

ObjectiveWe aimed to describe current and former National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division One (DI) female distance runners’ experiences of perceived norms of body image and disordered eating in their...

THE PREVALENCE OF BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER WITH A TENDENCY TO ANOREXIA NERVOSA IN ADOLESCENTS

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are severe body image disorders that severely interfere with the daily functioning of the individual. They are separate but overlapping nosologically entities. There is a study on the tendency of wrong eating behaviour in adolescents with specifications for anorexia nervosa in Jakarta 11.6% and there is also a study at High School in Jakarta 88.5% of adolescents experience wrong eating behaviour with the specifications of anorexia nervosa. And the two largest epidemiological surveys regarding BDD, there were 2.5% women and 2.2% men. With a fairly high number of these two events, this has the potential to have a negative impact on someone’s health. This study aims to discuss the impact of anorexia nervosa. Methods: The researcher used several literature and scientific journals, which was based on 15 journals and literature, discussing a tendency to anorexia nervosa with the incidence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and its medical emergencies. Conclusion: There is a correlation of anorexia nervosa among teenager especially girl teenage

THE PREVALENCE OF BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER WITH A TENDENCY TO ANOREXIA NERVOSA IN ADOLESCENTS

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are severe body image disorders that severely interfere with the daily functioning of the individual. They are separate but overlapping nosologically entities. There is a study on the tendency of wrong eating behaviour in adolescents with specifications for anorexia nervosa in Jakarta 11.6% and there is also a study at High School in Jakarta 88.5% of adolescents experience wrong eating behaviour with the specifications of anorexia nervosa. And the two largest epidemiological surveys regarding BDD, there were 2.5% women and 2.2% men. With a fairly high number of these two events, this has the potential to have a negative impact on someone’s health. This study aims to discuss the impact of anorexia nervosa. Methods: The researcher used several literature and scientific journals, which was based on 15 journals and literature, discussing a tendency to anorexia nervosa with the incidence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and its medical emergencies. Conclusion: There is a correlation of anorexia nervosa among teenager especially girl teenage.

Features of eating behavior and social anxiety in women who negatively assess their appearance

In the conditions of rapid development and increasing the accessibility of the beauty industry, a person forms an ideal image of himself, which must be met. The consequences are expressed by the widespread dissatisfaction in the society with the appearance inherent in people of any age and representing a potential threat to physical and mental health. In order to study the peculiarities of eating behavior in women who negatively assess their appearance, a psychodiagnosis of a sample of 98 women aged 18 to 60 years was conducted with the study of assessing attitudes to their own bodies, assessing eating behavior, and assessing the level of social anxiety. As a result of the data obtained, the importance of timely diagnosis of manifestations of social anxiety for people seeking psychological help with the aim of correcting eating behavior, low self-esteem, dissatisfaction and dissatisfaction with their bodies, non-acceptance of their appearance, and also people who have an increased risk of eating disorders and body image disorders.

Social Media Use and Body Image Disorders: Association between Frequency of Comparing One's Own Physical Appearance to That of People Being Followed on Social Media and Body Dissatisfaction and Drive for Thinness.

(1) Summary: Many studies have evaluated the association between traditional media exposure and the presence of body dissatisfaction and body image disorders. The last decade has borne witness to the rise of social media, predominantly used by teenagers and young adults. This study’s main objective was to investigate the association between how often one compares their physical appearance to that of the people they follow on social media, and one’s body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. (2) Method: A sample composed of 1331 subjects aged 15 to 35 (mean age = 24.2), including 1138 subjects recruited from the general population and 193 patients suffering from eating disorders, completed an online questionnaire assessing social media use (followed accounts, selfies posted, image comparison frequency). This questionnaire incorporated two items originating from the Eating Disorder Inventory Scale (Body Dissatisfaction: EDI-BD and Drive for Thinness: EDI-DT). (3) Results: We found an association between the frequency of comparing one’s own physical appearance to that of people followed on social media and body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. Interestingly, the level of education was a confounding factor in this relationship, while BMI was not. (4) Discussion: The widespread use of social media in teenagers and young adults could increase body dissatisfaction as well as their drive for thinness, therefore rendering them more vulnerable to eating disorders. We should consequently take this social evolution into account, including it in general population prevention programs and in patients’ specific treatment plans.

Body image disturbance, psychosocial adjustment and quality of life in adolescents with amputation

BackgroundPhysical and emotional situations experienced by amputees can affect body image and quality of life (QoL). Although adolescence is a time when appearance becomes more important, there are insufficient studies in literature examining the effect of body image disturbance (BID) on QoL and psychosocial adjustment in adolescents with amputation. ObjectiveTo investigate the BID, psychosocial adjustment and QOL in adolescents with amputation. MethodsThis cross-sectional study included individuals aged 11–18 years with amputation. The Amputee Body Image Scale was used to determine BID, the psychosocial adjustment subscale of Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scale was used to investigate the psychosocial adjustment to amputation, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory was used to determine the QoL. ResultsEvaluation was made of 42 adolescents (26 boys, 16 girls) with a mean age of 14.24 ± 2.25 years. Significant correlations were found between BID and age of fitting of the first prosthesis, psychosocial adjustment and QoL (p < 0.05). 38% of the variance of QoL was predicted by perceived body image and income of the family. 34% of the variance of psychosocial adjustment was predicted by perceived body image (p < 0.05). Adolescents suffering phantom limb pain were seen to have lower QoL scores (p < 0.05). ConclusionBID is an important predictor of psychosocial adjustment and QoL in adolescent amputees. Therefore, a prosthesis that ensures the integrity of the body image should be fitted at an as early age as possible before the onset of body image disorder.

Financially Focused Self-concept in Disordered Gambling

People can place preponderant importance on a single life domain (e.g., relationships, appearance, financial success). The result is that success (or failure) in that domain has significant influence on the self-concept and thus judgments of self-worth. A focused self-concept has also been shown to be a core feature of various psychiatric disorders, including depression, body image disorders, and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Herein, we summarize mounting evidence indicating that a self-concept focused on financial success is important for understanding the etiology and maintenance of disordered gambling. The review indicates that a financially focused self-concept is moderately and positively associated with disordered gambling severity. Specifically, we outline research that has examined how and why financially focused self-concept proliferates and maintains disordered gambling. Based on this research, we put forth the idea that having a financially focused self-concept is an etiological factor that is common to the different gambling disorder subtypes outlined in the Pathways Model—arguably the leading biopsychosocial model of gambling addiction and gambling harm. More research is needed that assesses the antecedents and consequences of possessing a financially focused self-concept. We call on researchers to assess sociocultural, psychological, and environmental factors that may cultivate a financially focused self-concept as well as factors that may help people expand their domains of self-worth. The recovery process from any psychiatric disorder that includes a financial focus as an etiological factor should be aided by an expansion of the life domains from which self-worth is garnered.

Celebrity influence on body image and eating disorders: A review.

Celebrities are well-known individuals who receive extensive public and media attention. There is an increasing body of research on the effect of celebrities on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Yet, there has been no synthesis of the research findings. A systematic search for research articles on celebrities and body image or eating disorders resulted in 36 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Overall, the qualitative, correlational, big data, and experimental methodologies used in these studies demonstrated that exposure to celebrity images, appearance comparison, and celebrity worship are associated with maladaptive consequences for individuals' body image.

Boredom, alexithymia, and desire thinking in eating disorders: a cross-sectional study

Background: Eating disorders (ED) can be considered in terms of affective disorders. In this perspective, abnormal eating behaviors would be dysfunctional defensive behaviors related to difficulties to recognize and modulate traumatic emotional experiences. The aim of this study is to explore the associations between alexithymia, boredom, impulsiveness, and desire thinking in subjects with eating disorders. Methods: 45 patients with ED and 45 healthy controls completed the following questionnaires: Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, Desire Thinking Questionnaire, Body Uneasiness Test and Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire. Results: Our results seem to confirm that alexithymia, boredom, impulsivity, and desire thinking are strictly related in ED. In particular, difficulties in identifying feelings contribute to determine boredom experiences which, in turn, contribute significantly to structure body image disorders. Conclusions: This study adds new insights into the associations between alexithymia, boredom, impulsiveness, and desire thinking in subjects with eating disorders. Future areas of investigation could better explore the role of boredom experiences in structuring body image dissatisfaction and its relationship with alexithymia.