Body Fat Tissue Research Articles

Exercise and Weight Management: The Role of Leptin—A Systematic Review and Update of Clinical Data from 2000–2022

A well-balanced metabolism means a lower risk for metabolism-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Leptin is a secretory adipokine involved in the central control of appetite that appears to play a role in the etiology of feeding-related disorders. Additionally, the influence of exercise on feeding behaviors potentially modulates the circulation of metabolites that signal through the central nervous system. In this systematic review, we collected the recent clinical evidence on the effect of exercise on leptin concentrations in health individuals published from 2000 to 20 September 2022, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA 2020 statement). Six hundred and thirty-eight papers were retrieved and forty-eight papers were included in the qualitative synthesis. Data supports that exercise positively influences appetite via enhancing peripheral and central leptin signaling (reuptake), especially during weight loss. Exercise modulation of leptin signaling through leptin receptors helps to stabilize increases in food intake during periods of negative energy balance, prior to a decrease in the body fat tissue content. At a high intensity, exercise appears to counteract leptin resistance.

Can automated CT body composition analysis predict high-grade Clavien–Dindo complications in patients with RCC undergoing partial and radical nephrectomy?

This study investigated the relationship between body tissue composition analysis and complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who underwent partial (PN) or radical nephrectomies (RN). We obtained all data of 210 patients with RCC from the 2019 Kidney and Kidney Tumor Segmentation Challenge (C4KC-KiTS) dataset and obtained radiological images from the cancer image archive. Body composition was assessed with automated artificial intelligence software using the convolutional network segmentation technique from abdominal computed tomography images. We included 125 PN and 63 RN in the study. The relationship between body fat and muscle tissue distribution and complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification was evaluated between these two groups. Clavien-Dindo 3A and higher (high grade) complications were developed in 9 of 125 patients who underwent PN and 7 of 63 patients who underwent RN. There was no significant difference between all body composition values between patients with and without high-grade complications. This study showed that body muscle-fat tissue distribution did not affect patients with 3A and above complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification in patients who underwent nephrectomy due to RCC.

Effects of Poria cocos extract and protein powder mixture on glucolipid metabolism and rhythm changes in obese mice.

Herein, we explored the effects of Poria cocos extract, protein powder mixture, and their combined intervention on weight loss in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were selected and fed a HFD for 8 weeks; obese mice that were successfully modeled were divided into modeling and five intervention groups, and given the corresponding treatment for 10 weeks. Body weight, fat, and muscle tissue, blood glucose, lipids, inflammatory factors, and other glucose and lipid metabolism-related indicators were measured to evaluate the effect of P.cocos and protein powder intervention on weight loss in obese mice. The body weight of the intervention group was reduced compared with the HFD group. Fat content of mice in F3PM group decreased significantly (p< .05). Levels of blood glucose, lipids, adiponectin, leptin, and inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1 β and tumor necrosis factor- α showed improvement. Lipoprotein lipase (lower about 2.97 pg/ml, vs. HFD mice 10.65 mmoL/ml) and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor (lower about 1413.63 pg/ml, vs. HFD mice 3915.33 pg/ml) levels in liver tissue were decreased. The respiratory exchange rate (RER) of mice in the HFD and subject intervention groups had no circadian rhythm and was maintained at approximately 0.80. The protein powder mixture (PM) group had the lowest RER (p< .05), the P.cocos extract (FL) and F1PM groups had similar RER to the HFD group (p< .05), and the F2PM group had a higher RER than the HFD group (p< .05). And food intake and energy metabolism returned to circadian rhythm, with an increase in the dose of P.cocos extract, the feeding rhythms of F1PM, F2PM, and F3PM were closer to that of the normal diet (ND) group. Feeding intervention with P.cocos and protein powder improved fat distribution, glucolipid metabolism, and energy metabolism, with the combination of F3PM showing more diverse benefits.

A79 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VISCERAL ADIPOSITY AND NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE DIAGNOSED BY CONTROLLED ATTENUATION PARAMETER IN PEOPLE WITH HIV: A PILOT STUDY

Abstract Background Aging people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy face high rates of metabolic dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fat alterations are frequent in PWH and predict worse cardiometabolic outcomes. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is an important compartment of body fat tissue releasing bioactive molecules. As a hormonally active tissue, VAT critically contributes to obesity-related disorders and is associated with ectopic fat accumulation in the liver. Purpose We aimed to investigate NAFLD diagnosed by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) as a marker of visceral adiposity in PWH. Method We conducted a prospective pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov 2021-6656) of HIV mono-infected patients undergoing metabolic characterization and paired CAP by transient elastography with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. NAFLD was defined as CAP ≥285 dB/m, in absence of alcohol abuse. Excess visceral adiposity was defined as VAT&amp;gt;1.32 Kg. Pairwise correlation, area under the curve (AUC) and logistic regression analysis were employed to study the association between VAT and CAP. Result(s) 30 patients (90% male, mean age 48.5, mean BMI 29.9, mean waist circumference 100.9, 50% with NAFLD) were included. When compared to those without excess VAT, PWH with excess VAT were older (53+12 vs 43+13 years, p=0.035), had longer duration of HIV infection (20+13 vs. 9+9 years, p=0.021), had higher BMI (32+4 vs 27+4 Kg/m2, p=0.002) and waist circumference (107+11 vs. 93+12 cm, p=0.004). They also had more history of cardiovascular events (29% vs. 0, p=0.032) and higher lipid accumulation product, a marker of lipid accumulation based on waist circumference and triglycerides (112+53 vs. 38+27, p&amp;lt;0.001). CAP was higher in PWH with excess VAT (319+52 vs. 213+52 dB/m, p&amp;lt;0.001). CAP positively correlated with all visceral fat measurements by DEXA, including VAT (r=0.650, p&amp;lt;0.001), VAT/body weight ratio (r=0.565, p=0.001) and fat mass (r=0.390, p=0.033). Both BMI and waist circumference showed correlation with VAT and fat mass, but not with VAT/body weight ratio (see Figure). After adjusting for duration of HIV infection (aOR 1.01 per year, 95% CI 0.91-1.12; p=0.921), BMI (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 0.74-4.23; p=0.202) and waist circumference (aOR 0.91 per cm, 95% 0.68-1.21; p=0.509), CAP remained the only independent predictor of excess VAT (aOR 1.05 per dB/m, 95% CI 1.01-1.10; p=0.036). The AUC analysis determined CAP had excellent performance to diagnose excess VAT (AUC 0.92, 95% CI 0.81-1.00), higher than BMI (AUC 0.83, 95% CI 0.68-0.99) and waist circumference (AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.65-0.97). The optimized CAP cut-off to diagnose excess VAT was 266 dB/m, with a sensitivity of 88.3% and a specificity of 84.6%. Image Conclusion(s) NAFLD diagnosed by CAP is associated with VAT in PWH independently of anthropometric measures of obesity. CAP could be used as a diagnostic marker of visceral adiposity in the practice of HIV medicine Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below Other Please indicate your source of funding; CanHepC Disclosure of Interest W. Elgretli Grant / Research support from: CanHepC, N. Paisible: None Declared, C. Costiniuk: None Declared, J. Cox: None Declared, D. Kablawi: None Declared, M. Klein: None Declared, N. Kronfli: None Declared, J.-P. Routy: None Declared, J. Falutz: None Declared, B. Lebouche: None Declared, G. Guaraldi: None Declared, G. Sebastiani: None Declared

Sesamin Attenuates Obesity-Associated Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Fed Mice.

This study explored the effects of sesamin on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). High-fat and high-fructose diet-fed mice supplemented with or without sesamin. The results suggested that sesamin-treated mice lost body weight and fat tissue weight, had lower levels of serum metabolic parameters, and insulin resistance was mitigated. Histological examinations showed that sesamin treatment mitigated the progression of hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. In addition, sesamin enhanced hepatic antioxidant capacity, and decreased the activations of hepatic c-jun N-terminal kinase, inhibitor of kappa B kinase α, and insulin receptor substrate 1 as well as hepatic interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Further experiments indicated that sesamin treatment downregulated GRP78 and phospho-inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) expression, and upregulated x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) expression in hepatic tissue. The aforementioned results suggest that sesamin alleviates obesity-associated NASH, which might be linked to the effect of sesamin on the regulation of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress-IRE1/XBP1 pathway. Thus, sesamin may be a good food functional ingredient in the treatment of obesity-associated NASH.

Assessment of metabolic syndrome predictors in relation to inflammation and visceral fat tissue in older adults

The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) focuses on the assessment of risk factors such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, central adiposity and elevated blood pressure. Evidence suggests that markers of systemic inflammation may also be included in the definition of MetS and play some role in its pathogenesis. The study was designed to evaluate low-grade inflammation status in older adults with MetS in relation to increased body fat tissue and an attempt was made to evaluate new predictors for MetS through the analysis of the ROC Curve. Ninety-six middle-aged (69.2 ± 4.9) individuals from University of Third Age (women n = 75 and men n = 21) were allocated to two groups: without metabolic syndrome (n = 37) and with metabolic syndrome (n = 59) according to International Diabetes Federation criteria in agreement with American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute 2009. Participants’ current health status was assessed using medical records from a routine follow-up visit to a primary care physician. Statistical analysis was performed using R studio software. Depending on the normal distribution, ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test was used. The optimal threshold value for clinical stratification (cut-off value) was obtained by calculating the Youden index. The AUC was observed to be the highest for a new anthropometric index i.e. lipid accumulation product (0.820). Low-grade inflammation dominated in MetS group (BMI 28.0 ± 4.4 kg/m2, WHR 0.9 ± 0.1, FM 24.7 ± 7.9 kg) where significantly higher values of TNF-α (p = 0.027) and HGMB-1 protein (p = 0.011) were recorded.The optimal threshold values for immunological indices assessed as new predictors of the metabolic syndrome were: 93.4 for TNF-α, 88.2 for HGMB-1 protein and 1992.75 for ghrelin. High AUC values for these indices additionally confirmed their high diagnostic usefulness in MetS.

The effect of obesity on metabolic parameters: a cross sectional study in adult women.

In this study conducted in adult healthy women, it was aimed to determine the relationship between anthropometric measurements such as Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, waist/height ratio and blood parameters, which are used to define obesity. A total of 90 women, with a mean age of 38.4±8.8 years, 34 pre-obese between BMI: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 and 56 obese BMI: ≥30.0 kg/m2, participated in the study. According to plasma atherogenic index (PAI), women with high cardiovascular risk had lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) values, while low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), aspartate transaminase (AST) values were found to be higher (p<0.05). It was observed that obese women according to BMI had higher fasting glucose, TG, alanine transaminase (ALT), AST and urea values, and lower HDL and mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) values compared to pre-obese women (p<0.05). A moderately positive relationship was found between body fat percentage, waist circumference and waist/height ratio and fasting glucose and ALT levels of women, and a moderate negative relationship was found between vitamin D levels (p<0.05). It is understood that the increase in body fat tissue, especially in the abdominal region, in adult healthy women has negative effects on blood parameters and the risk of developing chronic diseases will decrease by preventing this situation.

Evaluation of cardiovascular system and determination of cardiometabolic risk using novel biomarkers in childhood obesity

BackgroundObesity is a metabolic disorder that is defined as excessive increase in body fat tissue. Early recognition of obesity in children is essential to prevent complications that may occur in both childhood and adulthood. ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess cardiometabolic risk and to investigate the association between novel biomarkers and cardiovascular disease in obese children. MethodsThis research was performed between June 2014 and January 2015 in the Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine. Fifty obese children and, 29 healthy children were included in the study. Fasting levels of serum lipids, glucose and insulin, serum copeptin, BNP, and ADM were measured. Thickness of main CIMT and EAT were assessed with 2D echocardiogram. M-mode echocardiographic measurements, mitral and tricuspid valve measurements with PDE, and tricuspid and interventricular septum measurements with TDE were performed in both groups. Treadmill stress testing was performed in the same patient group. ResultsLevels of total cholesterol and LDL were significantly higher in obese group. Serum BNP and serum ADM levels were significantly lower in obese group. Left ventricular mass index, CIMT and EAT were statistically higher in obese group. Left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, interventricular septum diameter, posterior wall thickness were significantly higher in obese group than in control group. Time to reach target heart rate in treadmill stress testing was significantly shorter in obese group than in control group. ConclusionChildhood obesity is associated with significant changes in the myocardial structure based on echocardiography. Thickness of carotid intima-media and epicardial fat tissue can be used as predictive markers of atherosclerosis in obese children. Our study demonstrated that exercise capacity is significantly lower, and hemodynamic response to exercise is defective in obese children.

Relationship between Obesity and Serum Vitamin D Levels in Young Women

Background: The prevalence of obesity rises gradually worldwide and it is a chronic metabolic disease, which is defined by an excessive accumulation of body fat resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Some studies suggested that the level of serum 25(OH)D was associated with obesity. Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is closely associated with chronic diseases, such as tumours, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Vitamin D is fat soluble that can be stored in body fat tissues and excessive body fat can reduce 25(OH) D levels in the blood, especially in obese individuals. Many studies revealed that young women are at a high risk of vitamin D deficiency. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D level and obesity among young women. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Sir Salimullah Medical College &amp; Mitford Hospital, during July 20- June 21. 100 female subjects aged belongs to 19-29 yrs were selected by purposive sampling. Among them 50 women were obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) and 50 women were non-obese (BMI&lt; 25 kg/m²). Initial evaluation was done by history taking and anthropometric indices were measured. Here, used student unpaired t-test, chi square test and Pearson's correlation test to determine the association between vitamin D statuses with different variables. Lipid profile assay were carried out by a semi auto biochemistry analyzer and Vitamin D was estimated by immunoanalyzer. SPSS (22) was used for test of significance and p value &lt;0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean value of weight, BMI, WC, WHR were significantly higher but height was significantly lower (p&lt;0.01) in obese young women in comparison to non-obese young women. TC, TAG, LDL-C were significantly higher (p&lt;0.01) but HDL-C and vitamin D were significantly low (p&lt;0.01) in obese young women as compared to non- obese young women. Vitamin D had ...........

Canoe polo Athletes' Anthropometric, Physical, Nutritional, and Functional Characteristics and Performance in a Rowing Task: Cross-Sectional Study.

Understanding the physical, functional, mental, and nutritional attributes of canoe polo athletes is essential for training and development. Forty-three canoe polo athletes (mean age: 21.54 ± 6.03) participated in the study and were assessed for: anthropometric measurements, exercise motivation, eating habits, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and physical and functional abilities. Correlation and multivariate analysis were conducted. Individual performance in a rowing task showed body mass index (β = 0.41) and female gender (β = 0.34) to be the strongest anthropometric predictors, whereas body fat (β = −0.35) and triceps brachii skinfold fatty tissue (β = −0.35) were the strongest negative predictors. Pushing strength (β = 0.37) and range of motion with internal rotation (β = 0.30) were the strongest physical predictors. The physical dimension of the Exercise Motivation Index was a significant psychosocial predictor (β = 0.27). Senior participants had a higher waist–hip ratio (p = 0.04, d = 0.66), arm circumference (p = 0.03, d = 0.68), handgrip strength (p < 0.01, d = 1.27), and push strength (p < 0.01, d = 1.42) than under 21-year-olds. Understanding the highlighted sport-specific characteristics of canoe polo athletes can help trainers to design programs at all levels to optimize performance.

The Effect of Calorie Restriction on Body Weight, Fat Tissue Weight and the Histopathological Picture of Fat Tissue in Rats

Background : Calorie restriction is a reduction in calorie intake without malnutrition, as the main tool to improve health (Tomiyama et al.,2017). Limitation of calorie intake around 20-40% of total calorie intake, but intake remains adequate to reduce inflammation (Trepanowski et al., 2010). Obesity is one of the consequences of excessive calorie consumption which causes inflammation so that it can increase the risk of degenerative diseases (Susantiningsih, 2015). Overweight is divided into two, namely hypertrophy occurs by the accumulation of large amounts of fat in unilocular fat cells, so that the size of fat cells reaches four times larger, but the number of fat cells does not increase. And hyperplasia is a heavy obesity because in addition to growing cells also the number of cells becomes more (Sunny Wangko, 2014). One effort that can be done to reduce the increase in degenerative diseases is by limiting caloric intake or appropriate calorie restriction (Brzek et al., 2012).Purpose : This study purpose to determine changes in body weight, fat tissue and histopathological features of fat tissue in rats given calorie restriction and reviewed according to Islamic views.Methods : This type of research is an experimental laboratory for 6 weeks with research subjects male white rats (Wistar Strain) which is divided into 2 groups, namely control, and Calorie Restrictions Taking samples of body weight and fat tissue in the abdomen and supraclavicular to see the number of cells fat, fat cell size and weight of white fat tissue and brown fat tissue.Results : Calorie restriction can reduce fat cell size, and weight of white fat tissue significantly (p &lt;0.05). in brown fat there was a significant increase. but in the measurement of body weight and fat cell numbers there were no significant differences (p&gt; 0.05).Conclusion : In calorie restriction there was no significant relationship after a study of body weight and fat cell count, but found a significant relationship to the weight of white fat tissue and brown fat tissue and the size of fat cells. In Islamic view calorie restriction is the same as limiting food intake as recommended by the Prophet about 1/3 of the stomach for food.

Comparison between Dual-X-ray Absorptiometry and Bioelectrical Impedance Analyses in dietary practice

Body composition assessment is an essential part of assessing overall health, training progress, nutritional status, and monitoring the level of body fat and lean tissue content. This article is a review made to compare body composition analysis methods with the help of BIA and DXA as a dieticians’ working tool. The practical advantages of the bioimpedance method enable the wide application of this method in dietary practice. BIA can be a safe and helpful method for monitoring patient progression in terms of changes in body composition. Although DXA is currently the gold standard for measuring body composition in clinical trials, the use of this method is associated with numerous limitations resulting from the high cost of the technique, limited availability of this type of equipment and time consumption.

Association of sedentary and physical activity behaviours with body composition: a genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation study

ObjectivesStudies suggest that body composition can be independently improved through physical activity (PA). We performed a Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to test the incremental benefits of sedentary behaviour and various...

Rapid Standardized CT-Based Method to Determine Lean Body Mass SUV for PET-A Significant Improvement Over Prediction Equations.

In 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) studies, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is the parameter commonly used to provide a measurement of the metabolic activity of a tumor. SUV normalized by body mass is affected by the proportions of body fat and lean tissue, which present high variability in patients with cancer. SUV corrected by lean body mass (LBM), denoted as SUL, is recommended to provide more accurate, consistent, and reproducible SUV results; however, LBM is frequently estimated rather than measured. Given the increasing importance of a quantitative PET parameter, especially when comparing PET studies over time to evaluate disease response clinically, and its use in oncological clinical trials, we set out to evaluate the commonly used equations originally derived by James (1976) and Janmahasatian et al. (2005) against computerized tomography (CT)-derived measures of LBM.MethodsWhole-body 18F-FDG PET images of 195 adult patients with cancer were analyzed retrospectively. Representative liver SUVmean was normalized by total body mass. SUL was calculated using a quantitative determination of LBM based on the CT component of the PET/CT study (LBMCT) and compared against the equation-estimated SUL. Bland and Altman plots were generated for SUV-SUL differences.ResultsThis consecutive sample of patients undergoing usual care (men, n = 96; women, n = 99) varied in body mass (38–127 kg) and in Body Mass Index (BMI) (14.7–47.2 kg/m2). LBMCT weakly correlated with body mass (men, r2 = 0.32; women, r2 = 0.22), and thus SUV and SULCT were also weakly correlated (men, r2 = 0.24; women, r2 = 0.11). Equations proved inadequate for the assessment of LBM. LBM estimated by James’ equation showed a mean bias (overestimation of LBM compared with LBMCT) in men (+6.13 kg; 95% CI 4.61–7.65) and in women (+6.32 kg; 95% CI 5.26–7.39). Janmahasatian’s equation provided similarly poor performance.ConclusionsCT-based LBM determinations incorporate the patient’s current body composition at the time of a PET/CT study, and the information garnered can provide care teams with information with which to more accurately determine FDG uptake values, allowing comparability over multiple scans and treatment courses and will provide a robust basis for the use of PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) in clinical trials.

Effects of High-Intensity Circuit Training vs. Interval Training on Body Composition and Oxygen Consumption in College Students

Objective: to identify the effects of High-Intensity Circuit Training versus Interval Training on body composition and oxygen consumption in overweight and obese young adults. Materials and Methods: quasi-experimental study. The population was made up of 106 university students, with a BMI Body Mass Index greater than 25 kg / m2. The members of the sample were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 students each: a control group (continuous training) and an experimental group (high-intensity functional training). Variables such as weight, height, body mass index, percentage of fat mass, muscle mass, bone mass, and oxygen consumption were measured. Results: the control group showed a significant decrease in body weight and BMI after the 20 training sessions; the experimental group did not show significant modifications in this variable. In relation to the percentage of body fat tissue, a statistically significant decrease in the post-test measurements was evident in the individuals of both groups. The median and interquartile ranges show better results in VO2 of the experimental group and less variability with respect to the control group in the pretest and posttest. Conclusions: High-Intensity Intermittent Training significantly reduces the percentage of body fat and oxygen consumption in people with obesity, after 20 training sessions.

Effect of Recreational Futsal on Body Composition in Passive Football Players

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of recreational futsal on passive middle-aged footballers in body composition. &#x0D; Materials and methods. The research was conducted on a sample of 58 men aged from 30 to 40, average age 35.88 ± 2.39. The sample was divided into two groups. The first group included 29 passive football players (average age 35.58 ± 2.36) who were engaged in recreational futsal 2-3 times a week, and the second group included 29 passive football players (average age 36.17 ± 2.42) who weren’t engaged in recreational physical activity. The body composition was assessed by TANITA BC-601, the method of bioelectrical impedance, which became a reference method in research studies in the body composition analysis. The variables obtained were: body height (cm), body weight (kg), fat mass (%), muscle mass (kg), bone mass (kg), body mass index (kg/m2), calorie consumption – daily calorie intake (kcal), vitality of the body, quantity of water in the body (%), visceral fat (%).&#x0D; Results. Groups are not distinguished in the variables body height (HBH), calorie consumption – daily calorie intake (DCI), vitality of the body (BMR), and quantity of water in the body (TBV) because p &gt; 0.05. In the variables where body mass, body fat tissue and muscle mass were assed, namely body weight (BWT), fat mass (BFP), muscle mass (TBM), bone mass (BMD), body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat (AVF), a statistically significant difference was gained p &lt; 0.05 in favor of the group of passive football players who were involved in recreational futsal.&#x0D; Conclusions. It can be said that the recreational futsal as physical activity is an effective tool to improve body composition not only in passive football players but in all persons of all ages regardless of gender. Intensity and duration in recreational futsal is an effective way to reduce body fat in the population of passive middle-aged football players.

POLA HIDUP DENGAN KEJADIAN OBESITAS: LITERATURE REVIEW

Obesity is an abnormal condition characterized by an excessive increase in body fat, generally deposited in the subcutaneous tissue, around the organs, and sometimes infiltrated into the organs. Obesity occurs due to changes in lifestyle, for example, drinking a lot, smoking habits, consuming lots of fatty foods, consuming fast food (fast food) a lot, and low physical activity. The main factors causing central obesity are increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure. Physical activity is also associated with central obesity. It is known that regular physical exercise can lead to a significant decrease in body fat tissue. This is because physical exercise can increase fat-free tissue mass and reduce fat tissue mass.

Mogroside-Rich Extract From Siraitia grosvenorii Fruits Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Associated With the Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Mice.

Siraitia grosvenorii is a kind of medicinal food plant. The mogroside-rich extract (MGE) of its fruits can effectively ameliorate obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. In this study, we aimed to determine whether MGE can ameliorate obesity by protecting against the divergences of gut microbiota. Mice were challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with MGE by oral gavage. Then, the characteristics of the gut microbiota were determined by 16S rDNA analysis. Our findings showed that MGE could significantly reduce body weight gain and fat tissue weight of the mice fed with HFD. Moreover, MGE markedly attenuated fatty liver, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. We further found that the gut microbiota structures were disturbed by HFD feeding. In particular, the abundance of Firmicutes was increased and the abundance of Bacteroidetes was decreased, resulting in an increased proportion of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B), which contributes to obesity. Interestingly, the abnormal proportion of F/B of HFD feeding mice was restored to the level of control mice by MGE treatment. Additionally, the abundances of obesogenic microbiota, such as Ruminiclostridium and Oscillibacter were also decreased after MGE treatment. In summary, our findings demonstrate that MGE can modulate gut microbiota in obese mice and shed new light on how it alleviates obesity.

MO1035: Adipokine Profile and Protein-Energy Wasting in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS This cross-sectional study investigates the association between adipokine profile, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and protein-energy wasting (PEW) in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHOD Serum adiponectin, leptin, resistin and IL-6 were measured in 53 patients, with a median age of 12.9 years, presenting CKD stage 3–5. Body composition indices, lean tissue (LTI) and fat tissue index (FTI), were measured by bioimpedance analysis spectroscopy. PEW was defined as the presence of muscle wasting [LTI adjusted to height and age (LTI HA) Z-score &amp;lt; −1.65 SD] and at least two of the following criteria: poor growth [height Z-score &amp;lt; −1.88 SD], questionnaire-based reduced appetite, or serum albumin ≤ 3.8 g/dL. RESULTS PEW was present in 8 (15.1%) patients. At least 1,2,3 and 4 PEW criteria were present in 25 (47.2%), 16 (30.2%), 9 (17%), 3 (5.6%) patients respectively. Among the PEW criteria, muscle wasting was present in 18 (34%), poor growth in 14 (30.2%), reduced appetite in 8 (15%) and low serum albumin in 13 (24.5%) patients respectively. PEW was more frequent in CKD stage 5 (P = .010). Adiponectin and resistin levels were higher in CKD stage 5 (P &amp;lt; .001, P = .005), while leptin did not differ among CKD stages (P = .440). Adiponectin was negatively correlated to LTI HA (rs =− 0.417, P = .002), leptin was positively correlated to FTI (rs = 0.620, P &amp;lt; .001), while resistin was not correlated to body composition indices. IL-6 was positively correlated only to adipokine resistin (rs = 0.513, P &amp;lt; .001). Adiponectin and IL-6 were associated with PEW after adjustment for CKD stage [odds ratio (OR) 1.239, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.040, 1.475 and OR 1.034, 95% CI 1.007–1.06), leptin was not associated with PEW, while resistin association with PEW lost significance in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION In advanced paediatric CKD, adiponectin and resistin are probably involved in muscle wasting and systemic inflammation process respectively. Serum leptin reflects adiposity status. Apart from serum inflammatory cytokines, serum adiponectin may be a useful biomarker of PEW in children with CKD.

Comparison of the risk of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and diabetes among the selected group of football referees and the group of general population men from Northern Poland - a pilot study.

We aimed at comparing the total body fat and visceral adipose tissue content in football referees and in the control group of general population men. An assessment of compliance with health promoting behavior in both groups was carried out. This study, conducted in Northern Poland, involved 112 men. The study group comprised 56 men, football referees. The control group consisted of randomly chosen general population men, not engaged in any sport activities. Assessment of compliance with health promoting behavior among football referees and general population men was based on ultrasound imaging using the BodyMetrix System device (IntelaMetrix, Poland). The study employed a survey questionnaire comprised of the original section and two standardized questionnaires: the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI): the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The visceral adipose tissue content in the study group (football referees) was found to be low, and the excess of body fat was 0-0.25 kg. In the control group, the trunk fat volume was found to be higher by more than 8% as compared with the study group. Also, the level of visceral adipose tissue was high, and the excess of body fat was 0-4 kg. Thanks to properly planned and systematically continued physical activity, despite non-compliance with certain pro-health principles (increased sweet supply and consumption of alcoholic beverages), football referees are characterized by the correct body fat volume and low level of visceral adipose tissue. The parameters were found to be markedly higher in the control group of randomly selected men from the general population. The risk of diabetes, stroke, and cardiovascular diseases among football referees was found to be very low.