Body Fat Tissue Research Articles

Effect of sex-specific abdominal fat tissue composition on WHO/ISUP nuclear grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

To investigate the relationship between sex-related visceral obesity and WHO/ISUP nuclear grade in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Between January 2018 and June 2022, 95 patients (56 men and 39 women) with pathologically proven ccRCC who underwent abdominal computed tomography examination were retrospectively examined. The patients were classified into two groups: low- and high-WHO/ISUP nuclear grade ccRCC (n = 58 and n = 37), respectively. Patient height, weight, body mass index (BMI), sex, age, subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area (VFA), total fat area (TFA), and percentage of visceral fat (VF%) were recorded for the two groups. No significant differences were found in age, BMI, SFA, or TFA, but VFA and VF% were significantly higher in the high-grade patient group. In males, maximal tumor diameter (MTD) (67.8% sensitivity and 76.9% specificity) had the highest area under the curve (AUC), while in females, VF% (70.0% sensitivity and 73.7% specificity) had the highest AUC. VF% revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.09 in females with high-grade ccRCC, and in males, MTD was an independent predictor of ccRCC with an OR of 1.03. Sex-related body fat tissue, including VFA and VF%, could be used for estimating WHO/ISUP nuclear grade in patients with ccRCC, especially in females.

Influence of body fat tissue on outcomes in patients undergoing hepatectomy or liver transplantation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate potential associations between body fat composition and postoperative outcomes in patients with hepatectomy or liver transplantation. Three online databases, including Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, were thoroughly searched for literature describing the relationship between body fat composition and outcomes of patients with liver surgery from the start of each database to October 29, 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to rate the quality of the studies. This analysis included a total of 29 articles with a combined patient cohort of 6,435 individuals. The results demonstrated that patients with high intramuscular fat content (IMFC) had significantly inferior OS (HR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.69-2.53, P < 0.001) and RFS (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.20-2.16, P = 0.002) and a higher risk of major complications (HR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.59-3.05, P < 0.001). We also found that the presence of high visceral-to-subcutaneous fat tissue ratio (VSR) in patients with liver surgery was significantly related to poorer OS (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.44-2.00, P < 0.001) and PFS (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.50, P = 0.001) and a higher major complication rate (HR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.17-4.56, P = 0.016). Besides, the synthesized findings indicated there is no significant correlation between visceral fat tissue and survival outcomes or postoperative complications. In summary, preoperative IMFC and VSR have the potential to forecast poorer OS and RFS and a higher risk of complications for patients undergoing hepatectomy or liver transplantation.

Exercise improves surrogate measures of liver histological response in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Exercise is recommended for the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), yet effects on liver histology remain unknown, especially without significant weight loss. We aimed to examine changes in surrogate measures of liver histological response with exercise training. We conducted a post hoc pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials (duration: 12-20 weeks) comparing aerobic exercise interventions with controls. The primary outcome measure was a ≥30% relative reduction in (MRI-measured) liver fat, as a surrogate measure of liver histological response (the threshold necessary for fibrosis improvement). Secondary outcome measures were changes in other biomarkers of liver fibrosis, anthropometry, body composition and aerobic fitness. Eighty-eight adults (exercise: 54, control: 34; male: 67%) were included with mean (SD) age 51 (11) years and body mass index 33.3 (5.2) kg/m2. Following the intervention, exercise had ~5-fold (OR [95%CI]: 4.86 [1.72, 13.8], p = .002) greater odds of ≥30% relative reduction in MRI-measured liver fat compared with control. This paralleled the improvements in anthropometry (waist and hip circumference reduction), body composition (body fat, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue) and aerobic fitness (V̇O2peak, ventilatory threshold and exercise capacity). Importantly, these effects were independent of clinically significant body weight loss (<3% body weight). Exercise training led to clinically meaningful improvements in surrogate serum- and imaging-based measures of liver histological change, without clinically meaningful body weight reduction. These data reinforce the weight-neutral benefit of exercise training and suggest that aerobic training may improve liver fibrosis in patients with MASLD.

Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction in humans with overweight and obesity: Evidence of an altered plasma and urine sulfurome, and a novel metabolic signature that correlates with loss of fat mass and adipose tissue gene expression

BackgroundIn animals, dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health, possibly mediated by altering sulfur amino acid metabolism and enhanced anti-obesogenic processes in adipose tissue. AimTo assess the effects of SAAR over time on the plasma and urine SAA-related metabolites (sulfurome) in humans with overweight and obesity, and explore whether such changes were associated with body weight, body fat and adipose tissue gene expression. MethodsFifty-nine subjects were randomly allocated to SAAR (∼2 g SAA, n = 31) or a control diet (∼5.6 g SAA, n = 28) consisting of plant-based whole-foods and supplemented with capsules to titrate contents of SAA. Sulfurome metabolites in plasma and urine at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks were measured using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. mRNA-sequencing of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) was performed to assess changes in gene expression. Data were analyzed with mixed model regression. Principal component analyses (PCA) were performed on the sulfurome data to identify potential signatures characterizing the response to SAAR. ResultsSAAR led to marked decrease of the main urinary excretion product sulfate (p < 0.001) and plasma and/or 24-h urine concentrations of cystathionine, sulfite, thiosulfate, H2S, hypotaurine and taurine. PCA revealed a distinct metabolic signature related to decreased transsulfuration and H2S catabolism that predicted greater weight loss and android fat mass loss in SAAR vs. controls (all pinteraction < 0.05). This signature correlated positively with scWAT expression of genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transport and β-oxidation (FDR = 0.02). ConclusionSAAR leads to distinct alterations of the plasma and urine sulfurome in humans, and predicted increased loss of weight and android fat mass, and adipose tissue lipolytic gene expression in scWAT. Our data suggest that SAA are linked to obesogenic processes and that SAAR may be useful for obesity and related disorders. Trial identifierhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04701346.

The Impact of Body Fat Distribution on COVID-19 Vaccine Response: An MRI-Based Study

Objective: Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue have distinct physiological roles. The correlation between the amount of visceral tissue and the immunity response following vaccination remains unclear, despite its known effects on immunity. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels after vaccination and body fat tissue values measured using a specialized software on specific magnetic resonance imaging sequences.&#x0D; Methods: After ethics committee approval, prospectively 60 volunteers (27 males, 33 females; median age of 33 years) were vaccinated with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and tested for IgG levels. Abdominal MRI was performed to measure subcutaneous and visceral fat tissue areas using a semiautomatic application.&#x0D; Results: The median value of IgG antibody titers after vaccination was 1039 (113 – 6613). Median subcutaneous adipose tissue(cm2), visceral adipose tissue (cm2), SAT index (SATI) (cm2/m2), VAT index (VATI) (cm2/m2), total fat area (TFA) (cm2), and SAT/VAT (cm2) were 178.5 (38.1-552.5), 51.5 (7.1-273.2), 61.4 (14.3-213.1), 19.1 (2.7-90.6), 251.3 (45.3-683.2), and 3.3 (0.4-12.3) respectively. There was no significant&#x0D; correlation between the adipose tissue measurements and antibody titers (p&gt;.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: This study demonstrated that automated software can efficiently and accurately evaluate body fat distribution using MRI. However, the results showed no significant association between fat distribution and the immunization response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Associations of trajectories in body roundness index with incident cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study in rural China.

The body roundness index (BRI) has good predictive ability for both body fat and visceral adipose tissue. Longitudinal BRI trajectories can reveal the potential dynamic patterns of change over time. This prospective study assessed potential associations between BRI trajectories and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rural regions of Northeast China. In total, 13,209 participants (mean age: 49.0 ± 10.3 years, 6,856 [51.9%] male) were enrolled with three repeated times of BRI measurements at baseline (2004-2006), 2008, and 2010, and followed up until 2017 in this prospective study. Using latent mixture model, the BRI trajectories were determined based on the data from baseline, 2008 and 2010. Composite CVD events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and CVD death combined) was the primary endpoint. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to analyze the longitudinal associations between BRI trajectories and incident CVD. Three distinct BRI trajectories were identified: high-stable (n = 538), moderate-stable (n = 1,542), and low-stable (n = 11,129). In total, 1,382 CVD events were recorded during follow-up. After adjustment for confounders, the moderate-stable and high-stable BRI groups had a higher CVD risk than did the low-stable BRI group, and the HR (95%CI) were 1.346 (1.154, 1.571) and 1.751 (1.398, 2.194), respectively. Similar associations were observed between the trajectories of BRI and the risk of stroke and CVD death. The high-stable group was also significantly and independently associated with CVD, myocardial infarction, stroke, and CVD death in participants aged <50 years. BRI trajectory was positively associated with incident CVD, providing a novel possibility for the primary prevention of CVD in rural regions of China.

Assessment of Body Composition in Young Rhythmic Gymnasts

The primary aim of this study was to examine the body composition of young female rhythmic gymnasts and draw comparative insights from the collected data. Additionally, the results were compared with other studies that shared identical or analogous research objectives. 36 girls divided into three age groups participated in the research: Group 1 (age: 8.57 ± 0.66), group 2 (age: 10.32 ± 0.48) and group 3 (age: 12.90 ± 0.74). Body composition was determined using an octopolar bioelectrical impedance analysis device InBody 370. Among the various variables assessed, the groups exhibited statistically significant differences across most parameters, with exception of body fat (%). Our results, consistent with prior research studies, revealed that our participants also exhibited the characteristic body composition commonly observed in rhythmic gymnastics. These findings suggest that rhythmic gymnastics primarily affects body weight and the percentage of body fat tissue, while also contributing to the development of muscle mass over years of training and sports experience.

Does an alternate-day modified fasting diet improve premenstrual syndrome symptoms and health-related quality of life in obese or overweight women with premenstrual syndrome? A randomized, controlled trial.

Premenstrual syndrome disorder (PMS) is a condition that affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and encompasses a variety of symptoms, including psychological, physical, and behavioral symptoms. Some evidence suggests that an increase in body mass index (BMI) can reduce both HRQoL and menstrual quality. This is because the body fat tissue can affect menstrual cycles by changing the estrogen/progesterone ratio. This study investigated the impact of two diets alternate-day modified fasting (ADMF) and daily calorie restriction (DCR) - on PMS syndrome and HRQoL. The study was a randomized controlled, open-label trial that lasted for 8 weeks and involved 60 obese/overweight women. Participants were recruited from the Health Service Centers of Kashan University of Medical Sciences using simple random sampling. The study compared the impact of the ADMF and DCR diets on HRQoL and PMS symptoms. Patients were classified based on their BMI and age and then allocated to either the intervention (ADMF) or control (DCR) group using a random numbers table. The study measured HRQoL, PMS severity, weight, BMI, body fat mass, waist circumference, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass before and after the study. The study had an almost 18% dropout rate. Significant improvements were observed in mood lability (p = 0.044) and expressed anger (p < 0.001) in relation to PMS symptoms. However, no significant differences were detected in the changes of other COPE subscales. The ADMF diet had a significant impact on the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) total score (p < 0.001) and physical function subscales (p = 0.006) as well as mental health (p < 0.001) when compared to the control diet. This implies that the ADMF diet increased both SF-12 total score and its subscales. The intervention led to improvements in HRQoL, physical function, and mental health. Additionally, significant improvements in BMI and weight were observed between the two groups pre- and post-study (p < 0.001). Anthropometric data, including body fat mass and waist circumference, showed a significant improvement (p < 0.001 and p = 0.029, respectively) before and after the study. However, there were no significant changes in fat-free mass (p = 0.936) and skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.841) between the two groups. The study suggested that ADMF can improve HRQoL, mood lability, and expressed anger. It also showed that ADMF can reduce waist circumference, weight, and body fat mass in obese/overweight women. The Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20220522054958N1).

Correlation of Measurable Body Fat and Muscle Composition Parameters and Visceral Adipose Tissue on Computed Tomography with COVID-19 Severity

Background/Aims: Obesity increases the risk of having COVID-19. To evaluate the relationship between body fat, muscle composition, and visceral adipose tissue on computed tomography (CT) with COVID-19 outcome. Materials and Methods: 149 patients were included who had chest CT and a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test. We measured the epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EAT) and liver density (LD), thoracic subcutaneous adipose tissue /pectoralis major (TSAT/PMJ), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue /psoas major muscle (ASAT/PSM), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue/erector spina muscle (ASAT/ESM) thickness ratios from thorax CT. Lymphocyte, platelet, neutrophil count, lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio, and CRP were recorded. Results: The mean EAT was high in the patients with a poor clinical course (in severe patients: 7.06±2.39 mm, in critical patients: 7.89±2.08 mm). The mean EAT of the ICU group was 7.70±2.14 mm, it was 8.50±2.10 mm in the deceased patients. TSAT/PMJ was lower in deceased patients (0.90±0.36, p=0.038). ASAT/PSM and ASAT/ESM were also higher in the moderate group (2,27±1,60 and 0,51±0,25) (p=0.003. and p=0.019) than mild one (1.59±1.80, and 0.40±0.26). There was no difference in terms of DM, malignancy, or gender. Conclusion: EAT was high in ICU-admitted and deceased patients and can be used as a predictor of poor prognosis.

COMBINATION OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE THERAPY WITH HERBAL ROSEMARY (ROSEMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.) IN CASE OF OBESITY

Obesity or overweight is a condition that occurs when the quantity of body fat tissue compared to total body weight is greater than the normal state. Diet, exercise, psychological factors, heredity, hormones, and drug side effects are a few of the factors that might cause obesity. Gastric heat syndrome was present in the patient in this case study. The patients received electrostimulator-assisted acupuncture treatment 12 times for a total of 15 minutes at the following points: Fenglong (ST40), Neiting (ST44), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Quchi (LI11), and was also given the herbal remedy rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) for 28 days, taken twice daily. Through the activation of PPAR- g, inhibition of prankeas lipase, and inhibition of pre-adipocyte development into adipocytes, carnosic acid, a component of rosemary, helps people lose weight. Additionally, carnosic acid stimulates the excretion of fat in feces. According to the case study results, the patient's body weight dropped from 77.6 kg to 73.9 kg. This indicates that acupuncture treatments at the points Fenglong (ST40), Neiting (ST44), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Quchi (LI11) together with the administration of rosemary herbs can result in weight loss of up to 3.7 kg over the course of 28 days.

Exploring the potential of a newly developed pectin-chitosan polyelectrolyte composite on the surface of commercially pure titanium for dental implants

Pectin and chitosan are natural polysaccharides obtained from fruit peels and exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects. They are safe for usage in food products and are renewable and biocompatible. They have further applications as wound dressings, body fat reduction, tissue engineering, and auxiliary agents in drug delivery systems. The healing process is usually long and painful. Adding a new material such as a pectin-chitosan composite to the implant surface or body would create unique biological responses to accelerate healing and delivery of target-specific medication at the implant site. The present study utilized the electrospraying process to create pectin-chitosan polyelectrolyte composite (PCPC) coatings with various ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 3:1 on commercially pure titanium substrates. By means of FESEM, AFM, wettability, cross-cut adhesion, and microhardness were assessed the PCPC coatings’ physical and mechanical properties. Subsequently, the antibacterial properties of the coating composite were assessed. AFM analysis revealed higher surface roughness for group 5 and homogenous coating for group 1. Group 3 showed the lowest water contact angle of 66.7° and all PCPC coatings had significantly higher Vickers hardness values compared to the control uncoated CpTi samples. Groups 3 and 4 showed the best adhesion of the PCPC to the titanium substrates. Groups 3, 4, and 5 showed antibacterial properties with a high zone of inhibitions compared to the control. The PCPC coating's characteristics can be significantly impacted by using certain pectin-chitosan ratios. Groups 3 (1:2) and 4 (1:3) showed remarkable morphological and mechanical properties with better surface roughness, greater surface strength, improved hydrophilicity, improved adhesion to the substrate surface, and additionally demonstrated significant antibacterial properties. According to the accomplished in vitro study outcomes, these particular PCPC ratios can be considered as an efficient coating for titanium dental implants.

The effect of regular running on body weight and fat tissue of individuals aged 18 to 65

BackgroundAge and reduction in performed physical activity cause physiological changes that include an increase in body fat (BF) and visceral fat (VF) during aging. These parameters, together with increased body mass (BM), are some of the risk factors of several noninfectious diseases. However, changes in body composition can be influenced by regular physical activity. Running is a suitable, accessible, and the most effective physical activity cultivating people. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of long-term, regular PA, specifically recreational running, on changes in body composition among recreational adult runners covering a weekly distance of at least 10 km, compared with inactive adult individuals within the same age bracket.MethodsThe study included 1296 runners and inactive individuals (691 male and 605 female), divided into 5 age groups: 18–25, 26–35, 36–45, 46–55, and 56–65 years. Runners are as follows: ran ≥ 10 km/week, and inactive is as follows: did not follow the WHO 2020 physical activity recommendations. The measured parameters included BM, BF, and VF. To check statistical significance, the Mann–Whitney U-test was used. Practical significance was assessed using the effect of size.ResultsAll age groups of runners were selected to include individuals who run at least 10 km per week. In fact, they ran, on average, from 21.6 to 31.4 km per week in relation to age and showed significantly lower values of BM, BMI, BF, and VF (p < 0.05) than inactive individuals. Exceptions included insignificant differences (p > 0.05) in BM and BMI in males in the age category of 18–25 and in females in the age category of 18–25 and 26–35.ConclusionThe selected runners had to run at least 10 km per week. Their actual average volume was significantly higher (from 21.6 to 31.4 km/week), and the results showed that it could lead to significantly better body composition values. It may lead to significant changes in body mass, body fat, and visceral fat. It may meet the contemporary societal expectations for physical activities that are both achievable and effective at the lowest possible volume.

C-reactive protein during pregnancy and in the early postpartum predicts adverse metabolic health outcomes at 1 year postpartum in women with gestational diabetes

BackgroundWomen with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have higher insulin resistance and/or reduced secretion, an increased risk of future diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which may be due to a pathological activation of the innate immune system. C-reactive protein (CRP) is induced by inflammatory cytokines and reflects innate immune activity. We investigated the prospective associations between CRP during the perinatal period with adverse metabolic outcomes at 1 year postpartum in women with previous GDM.MethodsWe analyzed data from the MySweetheart trial that included 211 women with GDM at 28–32 weeks gestational age (GA). CRP was measured during pregnancy at 28-32 weeks GA, at 6–8 weeks and at 1 year postpartum. Metabolic outcomes at 1 year postpartum included weight, total and central body fat, measures of insulin resistance and secretion and presence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed to measure glucose and insulin values every 30 min over 2 h to calculate indices of insulin resistance (MATSUDA, HOMA-IR) and of absolute (AUCins/glu, HOMA-B) and insulin resistance-adjusted insulin secretion (ISSI-2).ResultsCRP during pregnancy and at 6–8 weeks postpartum predicted increased weight, body fat and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), insulin resistance (higher HOMA-IR, lower MATSUDA), absolute insulin secretion (HOMA-B, AUCins/glu), a reduced adjusted insulin secretion (ISSI-2) and a higher prevalence of the MetS at 1 year postpartum (all p ≤ 0.036). These relationships particularly those concerning CRP during pregnancy, were independent of weight ( for VAT, insulin resistance and secretion indices, MetS; all p ≤ 0.032) and of body fat ( for VAT, MATSUDA, MetS; all p ≤ 0.038). ConclusionCRP during pregnancy and in the early postpartum predicted an adverse cardio-metabolic profile in women with prior GDM at 1 year postpartum independent of weight. The prospective association of CRP with increased insulin resistance and reduced adjusted insulin secretion hint to the role of inflammation in the development of impaired metabolism after GDM and could be used as an early marker for risk stratification.

Korean fermented soybean paste (Doenjang) has anti-obesity and anti-hypertensive effects via the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in high-fat diet-induced obese rats.

The health-beneficial outcomes of doenjang, a Korean fermented food have been questioned due to its high salt content; moreover, the detailed underlying mechanisms of its health beneficial effects are not fully investigated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate doenjang's anti-obesity effects, anti-hypertensive effects, and its underlying mechanisms in high-fat diet -induced obesity. Sprague-Dawley rats fed with normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HD), HD with 8% additive salt (HDS), or HD with doenjang containing 8% salt (HDJ) for 13 weeks. Compared to HD and HDS groups, the HDJ group had lower body and epididymal fat tissue weight gain and showed hypotrophy and hypoplasia. The RAS-related mRNA levels in the adipose tissue, including Renin and Ace were downregulated in the HDJ group compared to HD and HDS groups. Additionally, HDJ groups had significant improvements in systolic blood pressure, serum RAS-associated parameters (e.g., angiotensin II and aldosterone), renal mRNA levels related to RAS (e.g., angiotensin II receptor type 1 and 2), and aldosterone-associated mRNA expressions (e.g., mineralocorticoid receptor) in the kidney of HD-induced obese rats. Most importantly, HDS and HDJ groups showed distinct outcomes regarding adipogenesis and electrolytes metabolism, even though both diets contain a high level of salt. HDS group showed a higher epididymal fat tissue weight, mass, and adipocyte size than HDJ group. In addition, compared with HDJ group, HDS group significantly decreased the release of Na+ and K+ throughout the urine and feces. The present study addresses that doenjang has anti-obesity effects and anti-hypertensive effects by activating RAS in the adipose tissue and kidney, respectively. Additionally, this study also demonstrates that salt in doenjang and the additive salt differently influences adipogenesis and electrolytes metabolism, supporting doenjang has health advantageous effects regardless of its high salt contents.

FRI028 Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis As A Model For Understanding The Importance Of Mitochondria Function On Adipose Tissue Biology

Abstract Disclosure: M.C. Foss de Freitas: Advisory Board Member; Self; PTC Therapeutics. A. DillGomes: None. F. Grissi: None. S. Imam: None. E.A. Oral: Consulting Fee; Self; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, receives payment, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Third Rock Ventures, Rejuvenate Inc. Grant Recipient; Self; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, Rhythm pharmaceuticals, Fractyl Laboratories, GID Dynamics. Other; Self; Aegerion Pharmaceuticals. Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL) is a rare disease characterized by symmetrical deposition of adipose tissue (AT) in the neck and upper body, associated with lipoatrophy in the distal segments of arms and legs and has been recently associated with biallelic mitofusin (MFN) 2 pathogenic variants. We are currently following multiple pedigrees, some with two affected siblings with MFN2-associated MSL. Homozygous MFN2 R707W (c.2119C&amp;gt;T) pathogenic variant was detected in all but one patient. Briefly, patient 1 is a 43-year-old female who first reported increased head and neck adiposity with increased muscularity of her extremities around 13 years old. Her sister is also affected (patient 2). The father was confirmed to be heterozygous for the pathogenic variant R707W. Patient 3 (20-year-old male) and patient 4 (17-year-old male) are siblings from another pedigree. The older sibling in this pedigree has evidence of axonal neuropathy and feet deformities. Both parents are heterozygous for R707W. Patient 5 () is a 54-year-old female reporting face and upper body fat tissue expansion starting when she was 15 years old; she also presented with distal axonal neuropathy. Her sister (patient 6) has clinical manifestations compatible with MSL (patient 6). Patient 7, who is a compound heterozygote with the R707W and D536T variants, is a 59-year-old woman who started noticing unusual body fat distribution at age 17 and progressively developed myopathy and neuropathy associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and she also developed acromegalic features and severe macroglossia. All patients share the phenotypic features of the disease characterized by the accumulation of fat in the upper part of the body and lipoatrophic upper and lower limbs. Although variable, all patients have some degree of insulin resistance, but none of them has crossed the clinical threshold of diabetes so far. Triglyceride levels are elevated, ranging from around 200mg/dL-1300mg/dL. Remarkably, all patients have very low leptin levels and an enlarged liver with mildly impaired liver function. Obstructive sleep apnea is diagnosed in four patients due to the accumulation of AT in the neck. All patients have enlarged tongues. Patient 7 has an elevated IGF-1 level. Interestingly, all patients have been noted to have elevated GDF-15 levels (ranging from 1662-2813pg/mL). Affected patients have variable degrees of scoliosis, likely a secondary effect of adipose tissue overgrowth during adolescence. Although the mechanism of disease is not clear, R707 is in the carboxy-terminal coiled-coil domain HR2 of MFN2 and may regulate mitochondrial membrane fusion. A better understanding of the metabolic impact of MFN2 R707W in lipolysis and energy expenditure will provide new insights into patient care, hopefully improving these patients' quality of life. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Association of body fat and muscle tissue parameters with fatty liver disease identified by ultrasound

AimsTo examine the association between body fat and muscle parameters and FLD in individuals of Chinese descent.MethodsA total of 515 participants who underwent routine check-ups between November 2019 and August 2021 were reviewed. Based on ultrasound performance, the subjects were categorized into the non-FLD group and the FLD group. The prevalence of FLD in sex subgroups was analyzed using logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of body composition parameters with adjustment for confounders.ResultsA total of 262 males and 253 females aged 20–84 years were reviewed. In both males and females, higher fat mass index (FMI) (OR: 1.989 for males vs. 1.389 for females), fat mass percent (FM%) (OR: 1.253 for males vs. 1.149 for females), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (OR: 1.002 for males vs. 1.002 for females), and body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.530 for males vs. 1.247 for females)were associated with increased ORs of FLD while higher lean mass percent (LM%) (OR: 0.839 for males vs. 0.856 for females)was associated with decreased ORs of FLD. Despite accounting for confounding factors, the associations remained present. Logistic regression of the quartiles of the indices showed associations with the prevalence of FLD. The trends still existed even after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionIndependently of age, lipid profiles and other confounders, lower VAT, FM, FMI, FM% and BMI tended to be associated with a lower prevalence of FLD, while lower LM% trended to be associated with a higher prevalence of FLD in both sexes of the general population.

Benefit of Adiponectin And Leptin For Monitoring Exercise Effect On Adipose Function In Metabolic Syndrome

Introduction: The Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Indonesia is increasing, with the highest age in the 45 – 54 years old, and high mortality and morbidity rates complications and cost. Biomarkers such as adiponectin, leptin, and their ratios may be useful in monitoring and quantifying patient's body fat tissue function improvement after exercise training. This study aims to determine adiponectin, leptin, and their ratios benefits in monitoring physical exercise effects on adipose tissue function in pre-elderly (45-59 years old) and elderly (&gt; 60 years old) patients with MetS.Methods: Literature review through hand searching and pubmed database related to the benefits of leptin and adiponectin test in monitoring physical exercise effect on adipose function in the pre-elderly and/or elderly population with MetS.Results: Physical exercise significantly increased adiponectin levels (mean difference (MD): 0.42 µg/mL; 95% CI 0.23, 0.60, p &lt; 0.0001), and reduced leptin levels (MD: -1.89 ng /ml; 95% CI, -2.64, -1.14, p&lt;0.0001). High-intensity aerobic exercise can even reduce serum leptin levels by 6.29 ng/ml (p &lt; 0.001), and increase serum adiponectin levels by 0.74 μg/ml (p = 0.04). This significant change mainly occurs in men with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 and 25.0-29. 9 kg/m2.Conclusion: Adiponectin/leptin ratio examination has potential future benefits in MetS management as an evaluation physiological biomarkers related to exercise interventions. There are only a few capable laboratories, and expensive cost, so that its current implementation is mostly devoted to research. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, balanced nutrition, physical activity habits and regular physical exercise are still the best suggestions for preventing MetS.

Obesity and sarcopenic obesity characterized by low-grade inflammation are associated with increased risk for major depression in women.

We aimed to determine women's risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) in relation to obesity phenotypes characterized by levels of circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). This population-based retrospective cohort study comprised 808 women (ages 20-84 y) recruited 1994-1997 and followed for a median 16.1 y (IQR 11.9-16.8). At baseline, body fat and lean tissue mass were measured by whole body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Obesity was identified as high fat mass index (>12.9 kg/m2), body fat percentage (≥35%) and body mass index (≥30 kg/m2); sarcopenic obesity referred to a high ratio fat mass/fat-free mass (≥0.80). Systemic inflammation was operationalized as serum hsCRP concentration in the upper tertile (>2.99 mg/L). Obesity phenotypes were: non-obese + lowCRP, non-obese + highCRP, obese + lowCRP, and obese + highCRP. During follow-up, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID-I/NP) was used to identify lifetime history of MDD and age of onset. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the MDD rate for each obesity phenotype during follow-up. Demographic, health and lifestyle factors were tested as potential confounders. During 11,869 p-y of follow-up, 161 (19.9%) women experienced an MDD episode. For obesity phenotypes based on fat mass index, models adjusted for baseline age and prior MDD, and non-obese + lowCRP as reference, RR for non-obese + highCRP was 1.21 (95% CI 0.80, 1.82), obese + lowCRP 1.46 (0.86, 2.47) and obese + highCRP 1.56 (1.03, 2.37). Patterns were similar for obesity by body fat percentage, body mass index and sarcopenic obesity. Consistently across different obesity definitions, this longitudinal study reports that women with both obesity and systemic inflammation are at increased risk of subsequent MDD. Future research should examine whether tackling this metabolically unhealthy obesity type - through, for example, lifestyle or medication approaches - can reduce depression risk.

Effect of Balanced Nutrition Education using The Emodemo Method on Knowledge and Attitude of Obesity Adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Krian Sidoarjo

Obesity is a condition of excessive accumulation of body fat tissue which will cause disease. Obesity can be defined as a result of overeating. This study aims to determine the effect of balanced nutrition education using the emodemo method on the knowledge and attitudes. This research is a quantitative Pre-Experimental with the type of pre-test and post-test One Group Design, data collection using questionnaires. The sample of this research is 34 respondents using Proportional Random Sampling technique. Statistical tests used the Wilcoxon Signed Runk Test to determine the effect before and after being given counseling using the emodemo method module game assembling donut rings on the level of knowledge and attitudes about balanced nutrition. The level of knowledge of obese adolescents by 8.8% increased to 85.3%. While the attitude level of obese adolescents was 82.4% increasing to 88.2%. There is an effect of balanced nutrition education using the emodemo method on the knowledge and attitudes of obese adolescents. Schools can provide healthy canteens that provide balanced nutritious meals for adolescents.

High-protein compound yogurt with quinoa improved clinical features and metabolism of high-fat diet–induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice

Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which may be influenced by nutritional supplementation. Quinoa, a type of pseudocereal, has gained prominence due to its high nutritional value and diverse applications. This study aimed to determine whether yogurt containing quinoa can ameliorate NAFLD and alleviate metabolic disorders by protecting against the divergence of gut microbiota. Our findings suggested that quinoa yogurt could significantly reduce the body weight gain and fat tissue weight of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. In addition, quinoa yogurt significantly reduced liver steatosis and enhanced glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Additional research indicates that quinoa yogurt can reduce the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and inhibit endotoxemia and systemic inflammation. The characteristics of the gut microbiota were then determined by analyzing 16S rRNA. In addition, we discovered that the gut microbiota was disturbed by HFD consumption. Particularly, intestinal probiotics and beneficial intestinal secretions were increased, leading to the expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 in the colon, contributing to NAFLD. Furthermore, endotoxemia and systemic inflammation in HFD-fed mice were restored to the level of control mice when they were fed yogurt and quinoa. Therefore, yogurt containing quinoa can effectively alleviate NAFLD symptoms and may exert its effects via microbiome-gut-liver axis mechanisms. According to some research, the role of the enteric-liver axis may also influence metabolic disorders to reduce the development of NAFLD.