Body Fat Index Research Articles

Hepatic Runx1t1 improves body fat index after endurance exercise in obese mice

Endurance exercise could attenuate obesity induced by high fat diet (HFD). Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the crucial targets that play key roles in the improvement of body fat index (BFI) in obese mice by endurance exercise. Firstly, we constructed murine obesity models: High fat diet control (HFD) group, HFD exercise (HFE) group, normal chow diet control (NC) group, and normal chow diet exercise (NE) group. Next, we identified the BFI improvement related genes using differential gene analysis, and investigated these genes’ functional pathways using functional enrichment analysis. The qRT-PCR and western blot assays were used to determine the gene expression and protein expression, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to explore the potential pathways associated with endurance exercise in obese mice and Mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR) assay was applied to determine the RCR in the liver tissues of mice. We discovered that endurance exercise remarkably reduced the body weights and BFI of HFD-induced obese mice. Runx1t1 was related to the improvement of BFI by endurance exercise in HFD-induced obese mice. Runx1t1 mRNA and protein levels in liver tissues were observably decreased in HFD mice compared to mice in HFE, NC and NE groups. Moreover, Glucagon signaling pathway that was associated with mitochondrial function was significantly activated in HFE mice. The Runx1t1 expression exhibited an observable negative correlation with Acaca in HFD mice. Moreover, the mitochondrial RCR level was significantly increased in HFE mice than that in HFD mice. In HFD-induced obese mice, Runx1t1 was implicated in the improvement of BFI via endurance exercise. Endurance exercise could improve mitochondrial dysfunction in obese mice by activating the Runx1t1.

Comparison of bioelectrical body and visceral fat indices and anthropometric measures in relation to type 2 diabetes by sex among Chinese adults, a cross-sectional study.

We aim to compare the efficacies of the bioelectrical indices (percentage of body fat, PBF; visceral fat area, VFA) with the conventional anthropometric measures (body mass index, BMI; waist-hip ratio, WHR) for predicting type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk by sex and to determine the sex-specific optimal adiposity indices to predict the T2D risk. Cross-sectional design. Tianjin First Central Hospital and Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China. A total of 9,332 adults (41.35% men) undergoing physical examination. T2D was defined using the WHO's criteria: fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or previous diagnosis of T2D. Height, weight, waist, hip, PBF, VFA, and fasting plasma glucose were measured. All studied adiposity indices were associated with T2D among both males and females, and the observed associations differed by sex. The standardized aORs of BMI, WHR, PBF and VFA for T2D were 1.60 (95% CI 1.42-1.81), 1.43 (95% CI 1.25-1.64), 1.42 (95% CI 1.23-1.62) and 1.53 (95% CI 1.35-1.75) for females, and 1.47 (95% CI 1.31-1.66), 1.40 (95% CI 1.25-1.58), 1.54 (95% CI 1.36-1.74) and 1.47 (95% CI 1.31-1.65) for males, respectively. The AUCs of VFA, WHR and BMI were 0.743, 0.742 and 0.717 in women, respectively, whereas none of the indices had AUC larger than 0.70 in men. The AUCs were not significantly different between VFA and WHR, while both demonstrate larger AUCs than BMI and PBF in females (all p < 0.05). The optimal cutoff values of VFA, WHR, and BMI for T2D in women were 103.55 cm2, 0.905, and 24.15 kg/m2, respectively. Although BMI, WHR, and PBF and VFA as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were all positively associated with T2D, their efficacy for predicting the risk of T2D differed by sex. VFA, WHR and BMI could be used as biomarkers to predict T2D risk in women, however none of the study indicators demonstrated favorable efficacy of predicting T2D risk in men.

Socio-demographic predictors of obesity among women in Mukono Central Division in Central Uganda: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThere is a steadily increasing trend in obesity globally and in Sub-Saharan Africa that disproportionately affects women in most places. This is not different in Uganda, where the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey indicated an increase in obesity among women of reproductive age as measured by the body mass index (BMI). However, studies on the predictors of obesity in women are still limited. Particularly, studies using specific indicators of body fat are scant. This study explored the socio-demographic predictors of obesity as indicated by total body fat percentage among women in the age range of 18 to 69 years old living in Mukono Central Division in Central Uganda.MethodsA cross sectional study design using quantitative methods was employed. A total of 384 women between 18 and 69 years old from Mukono Central Division in Central Uganda were randomly recruited. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data including age, level of education, marital status, childbearing status, household expenditure, household size and employment status. Total body fat percentage, the indicator for obesity was measured using the body composition meter from TANITA. The data was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression analysis using SPSS version 20.Results155 women, nearly two fifths (40.4% CI 95% 38.4–42.4) were classified as obese. Age, marital status, childbearing status, and employment status were the factors that were associated with obesity among these women. Employment status was the only variable that remained significantly associated with obesity among the women after adjusting for other factors. Unemployed women were nearly two times more likely to be obese than the employed women (AOR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1–3.1). The prevalence of obesity among the unemployed and employed women was 48.2% and 34.4% respectively.ConclusionsObesity in women was predicted by employment status. An in-depth study on factors that predispose unemployed women to obesity, will be instrumental in guiding interventions to curb the emerging obesity epidemic in Uganda. In the same vein, strategies to reduce levels of unemployment among women living in urban Uganda are essential for protecting public health from the dimension of reducing obesity levels.

From Metabolically Healthy Obesity to Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity Populations: Decreased Bone Turnover Bioactivity.

A bone turnover marker reflects bone bioactivity. The effects of metabolically healthy compared with metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotypes on bone metabolism are not well understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate differences of bone transformation indexes in these two obesity phenotypes. A total of 419 obese subjects were recruited, 64 with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and 351 with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MuHO). BTMs and clinical parameters were measured. Bone metabolism indexes, including tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP, p < 0.05), β carboxyl terminal peptide of collagen (β-CTX, p < 0.01), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP, p < 0.01), were higher in subjects with MHO than MuHO, but parathyroid hormone (PTH) was lower (p < 0.05). The between-group difference in serum calcium was not significant. Low bone turnover activity was associated with significant hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and body fat index (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression found that TRACP, β-CTX, and BAP were independently associated with the presence of MHO. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis found that the maximum area under the curve value for the definition of MHO was (0.8221) and was obtained when sex, age, body mass index (BMI), TRACP, β-CTX and BAP were included simultaneously, resulting in a sensitivity of 81.25% and specificity: 72.3%. The MHO group had significantly increased circulating TRACP and β-CTX compared with the MuHO group and BAP levels were within the physiological range. Obesity with the metabolically healthy phenotype had slightly increased bone turnover activity that may be an early compensatory response of skeletal metabolism to the increased BMI.

Supplementation of vitamin D reduces energy intake and prevents body fatness accumulation in obese woman

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/bqtP9eagX1E Introduction: Obese people are at higher risk of comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome, autoimmune, tumor progression and other inflammation diseases because of low-grade chronic inflammation. Vitamin D is closely related to transcriptional activity in adipose tissue, which regulates adipogenesis, inflammatory pathways, and adipose cell metabolism. This research aims to know the effect of Vitamin D supplementation on energy intake and body fat accumulation. Methods: 40 obese women between the ages of 26 and 45 were randomly assigned to the Intervention and Control groups, which received daily supplements of 5000 IU of vitamin D and a placebo, respectively. Data were gathered before the intervention and after 12 weeks of it. We measured the energy intake, BMI, waist circumference (WC), and conicity index. The participants were told to keep their daily calorie consumption at or below 1500 kcal. Results: After 12 weeks of supplementation, 25(OH) Vitamin D levels increased significantly (p=0.001), and energy intake decreased (p=0.014) significantly in the intervention group, but no change in the control group (p&gt;0,05). Body fatness indices (BMI and WC) increased (p=0.005 and p=0.003) significantly in the control group; however, these parameters did not change in the intervention group (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Daily Vitamin D 5000 IU for 12 weeks decreases energy intake and prevents body fat accumulation in obese women.

Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Percentage of Body Fat Among Gifted Students

The body mass index, more commonly known as Body Mass Index (BMI), is a formula for evaluating body weight related to the height of an individual. BMI is also known as an indirect measurement of body composition that can be classified into four categories: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The determination of BMI is based on the amount of fat found in the body weight and height of an individual. Meanwhile, body composition includes fat mass and fat-free mass. Most people think that the BMI measurement also determines the fat mass contained in their bodies. However, this is not accurate. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between BMI and the percentage of body fat contained in the bodies of school-age teenagers. An analytical study was conducted on 88 male and female students who were 15 years old. Their body weight was measured using a scale whereas their body height was measured using a height measuring device. Meanwhile, their body fat percentage and BMI were measured using the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) tool, i.e., the Omron-branded "Karada Scan Body Composition Monitor". The data obtained were analysed using the Pearson correlation test. The mean BMI value for male students was 20.19 kg and female students was 21.02 kg. The mean body fat percentage of male students was 10.83% and female students was 21.90%. The correlation between the male and female students’ BMI and their percentage of body fat showed a significant relationship, that is, male students by (r=0.683) and female students by (r=0.607). Hence, based on the analysis of the study, there was a significant relationship or a very high percentage between BMI and body fat percentage of the male and female students of Kolej GENIUS@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and arterial blood pressure among the Tawang Monpa of Eastern Himalayan Mountains: Is there a signature of natural selection?

The present paper aims to characterize the Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype, with particular emphasis on its association with arterial oxygen saturation, arterial blood pressure, hemoglobin [Hb] concentration, and ventilatory measures among the Tawang Monpa, a high-altitude native population of the Eastern Himalaya, India. A cross-sectional sample of 168Monpa participants from Tawang town, Arunachal Pradesh, India, was selected who live at an altitude of ∼3,200 meters (m) above sea level. For each participant, height, weight, and skinfold thickness were measured, based on which body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were calculated. Physiological measures, such as the transcutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), hemoglobin [Hb] concentration, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1), and systemic arterial blood pressure were measured. First, the peripheral venous blood samples (four ml) were drawn, and then white blood cells were separated for the ACE genotyping of each participant. Unlike high-altitude natives from Peru and Ladakh, who exhibit high frequencies of II homozygotes, the Tawang Monpa shows a significantly high frequency of ID heterozygotes (p<0.0001). In addition, no significant association was identified between ACE gene polymorphism and arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation at rest, vital capacity, or [Hb] concentration. The results suggest that the association of the ACE gene with resting SaO2 is inconsistent across native populations living under hypobaric hypoxia. Further, ACE I/D gene polymorphism may not be under natural selection in specific native populations, including Tawang Monpa, for their adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia.

Body composition, energy expenditure and caloric intake among breast cancer patients at a teaching hospital in Nigeria-a cross sectional study.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on the associations between body composition, energy expenditure and caloric intake among 45 Nigerian breast cancer patients. Forty-five Nigerian breast cancer patients were measured and analysed for their body composition, energy expenditure and caloric intake. Statistical analyses included a chi-square test, Student's t-test, paired t-test, Spearman correlation and linear regression using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 23.0. The body fat indices (body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), and body fats percentage) show that more than 50% of breast cancer patients were either overweight or obese. The Spearman correlation showed that fat-free mass (FFM) was the most strongly correlated with energy expenditure (r = 0.84). BMI and (FMI - fat mass in relation to height) were significantly correlated with the Harris-Benedict equation for energy expenditure (p < 0.001; p = 0.002), but they were not correlated significantly with the Karnofsky performance status. A paired t-test showed that caloric intake was significantly higher than total energy expenditure (p < 0.001). FFM was the best predictor of resting energy expenditure (REE). In conclusion, FFM remains the best predictor of REE. High body mass and high caloric intake indicate the need for support from nutritional programmes.

A Descriptive Research of Decreased Heart Rate Variability as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in Young, Healthy Adults with Low and High BMI Indexes

Background and objectives: HRV is used to evaluate autonomic nervous system input to the heart. Several studies have examined the effect of HRV on underweight status. To assess HRV in age-matched young people with varying BMI categories. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy young adults between the ages of 18 and 25. Variables of anthropometrics were measured. ECG was recorded for 5 minutes in lead II setup. Kubios HRV analyzer was used to evaluate heart rate variability. Results: HRV indices were lower in the underweight, overweight, and obese BMI groups compared to the normal weight group. Both genders exhibit an inverted U-shaped association between BMI and HF log power based on second-order polynomial regression. The correlation between BMI, waist circumference, and body fat (%) and HRV indices demonstrates a substantial relationship with heart rate variability, with waist circumference (WC) exhibiting a stronger relationship than BMI. Comparing HRV parameters between men and women of different BMI groups reveals that women exhibited more heart rate variability than men across BMI groups. Conclusion: Underweight individuals share the same elevated cardiovascular risk as the obese, and abdominal obesity is a more accurate predictor of cardiovascular risk than the body mass index (BMI).

Dietary patterns of Indian school-aged children and associations with markers of chronic disease risk.

There is an increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in India which may be related to changing dietary patterns. We aimed to assess dietary patterns in children since they have time to change unhealthy patterns before NCDs develop. Participants were 665 children, 9-12 years old, born with low birth weight and 77 similarly aged normal birth weight controls. We collected data on sociodemography, anthropometry, body composition, and markers of risk for NCDs: grip strength, long jump, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary data from which dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). Fourteen food groups were included in the PCA analysis, resulting in three components: 'fruits and vegetables', 'protein', and 'sugar and fat'. Higher socioeconomic status and maternal education were associated with lower adherence to the fruit and vegetable pattern and higher adherence to the protein and sugar and fat patterns. Adherence to the fruits and vegetables pattern was associated with lower height-for-age, whereas the fat and sugar pattern was associated with higher indicators of body fat. In linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, religion, socioeconomic status, maternal education, and season of data collection, adherence to the 'fruits and vegetables' pattern was associated with lower grip strength, shorter long jump, and lower HbA1c. Adherence to the other patterns was not associated with NCD risk factors. Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, achievable even by poorer families in the cohort, may lower HbA1c, a risk factor for diabetes.

Association of Breastfeeding Duration with Body Composition in Children Aged 3–5 Years

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3–5 years and breastfeeding status and duration. MethodsThe study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0–17 years of age in China (CNHSC), a nationwide cross-sectional study. Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews. The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders. ResultsIn total, 2,008 participants were included in the study. Of these, 89.2% were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months (IQR 7–15 months). Among children aged 3 years, the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group (0.12 vs. 0.42, P = 0.043). In addition, the weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group (0.31 vs. 0.65, P = 0.026), and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed. Compared to the formula-fed children, the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years (12.84 kg vs. 12.52 kg, P = 0.015) and lower for those aged 4 years (14.31 kg vs. 14.64 kg, P = 0.048), but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years (16.40 kg vs. 16.42 kg, P = 0.910) after adjusting for potential confounders. No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-score (BAZ), fat-free mass index, and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3–5 years. ConclusionNo obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration, BMI, and fat mass indicators. Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.

Differential Association of Dietary Linoleic Acid and Alpha-linolenic Acid with Adipose Tissue in a Sample of Iranian Adults; A Cohort-based Cross-sectional Study.

Overweight and obesity are the most critical risk factors for chronic diseases. The quality of dietary fatty acids as one of the factors affecting fat accumulation has received little attention. This study investigates the association between dietary linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) with body fat indices in a sample of healthy Iranian adults. In this cohort-based cross-sectional study, 3,195 individuals aged 20 to 60 who participated in the Shiraz University of Medical Science Employees Health Cohort study were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 118-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and body composition was assessed by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Multiple linear regression adjusted for relevant confounders was used to determine the associations. Mean dietary intake of LA was 14.20 ± 7.01 mg/day for men and 13.90 ± 6.71 mg/day for women. Additionally, the daily intake of ALA was 0.18 ± 0.18 mg/day in men and 0.17 ± 0.19 mg/day in women. Dietary intake of ALA for men had an inversely significant association with body fat mass (BFM) (β: -0.585, 95% CI: -1.137, -0.032, P=0.038), percentage of body fat (PBF) (β: -0.537, 95% CI: -0.945, -0.129, P=0.010), Visceral Fat Area (VFA) (β: -2.998, 95% CI: -5.695, -0.302, P=0.029), and Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) (β: -0.689, 95% CI: -1.339, -0.040, P=0.038). Higher dietary ALA intake was associated with lower BFM, BFP, VAF, and WHR in men. The present study confirms that ALA intake should be considered a preventive treatment to improve body composition. However, further research is recommended in this regard.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in obesity promotes prolongation of cardiomyocyte contractile function, impaired Ca2+ handling and protein carbonylation damage

AimsTo investigate whether the obesity associated to T2DM presented cardiomyocyte myocardial contractility dysfunction due to damage in Ca2+ handling, concomitantly with increased biomarkers of oxidative stress. MethodsMale Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: control (C): fed with standard diet; and obese (Ob) that fed a saturated high-fat. After the characterization of obesity (12 weeks), the Ob animals were submitted to T2DM induction with a single dose of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Thus, remained Ob rats that were characterized as to the presence (T2DMOb; n = 8) and/or absence (Ob; n = 10) of T2DM. Cardiac remodeling was measured by post-mortem morphological, isolated cardiomyocyte contractile function, as well as by intracellular Ca2+-handling analysis. ResultsT2DMOb presented a significant reduction of all fat pads, total body fat and adiposity index. T2DMOb group presented a significant increase in protein carbonylation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, respectively. T2DMOb promoted elevations in fractional shortening (15.6 %) and time to 50 % shortening (5.8 %), respectively. Time to 50 % Ca2+ decay was prolonged in T2DMOb, suggesting a possible impairment in Ca2+recapture and/or removal. ConclusionType 2 diabetes mellitus in obesity promotes prolongation of cardiomyocyte contractile function with protein carbonylation damage and impaired Ca2+ handling.

Achilles Tendon Characteristics According to Body Fat and Body Mass Index

Aim: The Achilles tendon is a biggest and strongest tendon in the body although it is very likely to be injured due to the amount of compression and tension on it. The study aimed to analyze the effect of BMI and body fat on the Achilles tendon.&#x0D; Methods: The study recruited 25 individuals who were divided equally into three groups (very lean, normal and obese) and focused on three factors to measure (length, thickness and strain ratio).&#x0D; Results: Strain ratio was found to be an indicator of the stiffness of the tendon. The strain ratio was varying between the ranges from 0.09 to 1.13. People with high BMI were noticed to have less strain ratios, in the opposite side lean people were having the highest strain ratios and normal people were having normal strain ratios.

Cross-sectional study of characteristics of body composition of 24,845 children and adolescents aged 3–17 years in Suzhou

BackgroundWe aimed to analyze the characteristics of the body composition of children and adolescents aged 3–17 in Suzhou, China.MethodsA cross-sectional study between January 2020 and June 2022 using bioelectrical impedance was conducted to determine the fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, and protein and mineral contents of 24,845 children aged 3–17 who attended the Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, China. Measurement data was presented in tables as mean ± SD, and groups were compared using the independent samples t-test.ResultsFM and fat-free mass increased with age in both boys and girls. The fat-free mass of girls aged 14–15 decreased after reaching a peak, and that of boys in the same age group was higher than that of the girls (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in FM between boys and girls younger than 9- and 10-years old. The percentage body fat (PBF) and FM index of girls increased rapidly between 11 and 15 years of age (p < 0.05), and those of boys aged 11–14 were significantly lower (p < 0.05), suggesting that the increase in body mass index (BMI) was mainly contributed by muscle mass (MM) in boys.ConclusionsThe body composition of children and adolescents varies according to their age and sex. A misdiagnosis of obesity made on the basis of BMI alone can be avoided if BMI is used in combination with FM index, percentage body fat, and other indexes.

Ultrasonographic Assessment of Body Fat Index for Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Neonatal Complications

ObjectivesTo assess maternal pre-peritoneal fat and subcutaneous fat at 16–20 weeks gestation by ultrasound. Thus, calculate body fat index (BFI) and determine its cut-off value for prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and neonatal subcutaneous adiposity. MethodsA cohort study was conducted in 200 pregnant women with singleton fetus during anomaly scan using BFI where they were screened for GDM at 24–28 weeks gestation by oral glucose tolerance test. Labour and neonatal outcomes were recorded. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the cut-offs for BFI, pre-peritoneal fat thickness, and subcutaneous fat thickness in order to predict GDM. ResultsThe area under receiver operating characteristic curve for BFI was 0.967 (95% CI 0.932–0.987) with a sensitivity of 97.3%, specificity of 89.57%, negative predictive value of 99.3%, and diagnostic accuracy of 91% at a BFI cut-off of 0.88. The study analysis demonstrated BFI to be statistically superior to BMI > 22.9 kg/m2 for prediction of GDM. BFI > 0.88 was a risk factor for developing neonatal subcutaneous adiposity. ConclusionsBFI is a practical and convenient non-invasive screening tool to predict GDM and neonatal subcutaneous adiposity.

Differences between functional movement screen and somatotype to young handball and volleyball players

Introduction. Handball and volleyball are among the world's popular sports, which are played practically in every country at different levels of competition. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in somatotype and morphological characteristics between young handball players and volleyball players as well as the differences in the results of functional body mobility tests between the tested groups. Material and Methods. The research included a sample of 23 female athletes who were divided into two subsamples, as follows. A total of 12 athletes were from the Handball team and a total of 11 athletes were from the Volleyball team. The following anthropometric measurements were conducted: Height and body mass, four skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, supraspinal and calf), breadths (humerus and femur diameters) and girths (arm and calf). Body mass (kg) and body fat (%) of the subjects were measured by the method of bioelectrical impedance (TANITA 545N) with an accuracy of 0.1 kg. Functional Movement Score is a scanning system which includes seven steps (i.e., deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, active leg raise, trunk stability push-up, and rotary stability). Results. The results of the study in female handball players recorded a higher percentage of body fat and body mass index compared to female volleyball players (p &lt;.05), while no statistically significant difference was recorded in body weight and height. Analyzing the somatotype of players, it is noticeable that handball players have higher values of endomorphism and mesomorphism, while volleyball players have higher values of ectomorphism. Statistically significant differences were observed in mesomorph and ectomorph (p &lt;.001). In the Functional Movement Screen test, it was noticeable that statistically significant differences were recorded in the two variables (Shoulder mobility and trunk stability push up) in favor of the volleyball players, as well as in the overall standings, while in the other variables no statistically significant difference was recorded. Conclusions. Determining somatotype must occupy the attention of coaches who work with young athletes. Movement-based assessment serves to pinpoint functional deficits (or bio-markers) related to proprioceptive, mobility and stability weaknesses.

Body composition and functional capacity in patients with Crohn's disease using Infliximab

Rationale: the use of anti-TNFα therapy, such as Infliximab (IFX), in patients with Chron's disease (CD) can lead to changes in body composition. Objective: to evaluate the body composition and functional capacity of patients with CD. Method: Cross-sectional study with patients with CD in clinical remission using IFX. For anthropometric evaluation, it was measured: weight, height and waist circumference; functional capacity by the hand grip strength test and body composition by bioelectric impedance. After that, the fat-free mass index and body fat index were calculated. Continouns variables were analyzed by Pearson or Spearman coefficient. For the multiple linear regression model, the time of use of IFX was used as a dependent variable and waist circumference, fat-free mass index, phase angle and handgrip strength were used as independent variables. Results: forty-three patients were evaluated, with an average of 43.1± 13.5 years of age. Of the total, 44.2% were overweight and 44.2% had increased waist circumference, 58.1% were classified with high to very high fat-free mass, 30.2% were below the adequacy parameter for fat-free mass index and 11.6% had reduced functional capacity. Conclusion: overweight, as well as increased waist circumference and body fat, is common in CD patients in clinical remission using Infliximab. Most patients had preserved functional capacity, however there wasn’t association with time of use of IFX.

Association Between Body Fat and Body Mass Index from Incomplete Longitudinal Proportion Data: Findings from the Fels Study

Obesity rates continue to exhibit an upward trajectory, particularly in the US, and is the underlying cause of several comorbidities, including but not limited to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancers. To monitor obesity, body mass index (BMI) and proportion body fat (PBF) are two commonly used measurements. Although BMI and PBF changes over time in an individual’s lifespan and their relationship may also change dynamically, existing work has mostly remained cross-sectional, or separately modeling BMI and PBF. A combined longitudinal assessment is expected to be more effective in unravelling their complex interplay. To mitigate this, we consider Bayesian cross-domain latent growth curve models within a structural equation modeling framework, which simultaneously handles issues such as individually varying time metrics, proportion data, and potential missing not at random data for joint assessment of the longitudinal changes of BMI and PBF. Through simulation studies, we observe that our proposed models and estimation method yielded parameter estimates with small bias and mean squared error in general, however, a mis-specified missing data mechanism may cause inaccurate and inefficient parameter estimates. Furthermore, we demonstrate application of our method to a motivating longitudinal obesity study, controlling for both time-invariant (such as, sex), and time-varying (such as diastolic and systolic blood pressure, biceps skinfold, bioelectrical impedance, and waist circumference) covariates in separate models. Under time-invariance, we observe that the initial BMI level and the rate of change in BMI influenced PBF. However, in presence of time-varying covariates, only the initial BMI level influenced the initial PBF. The added-on selection model estimation indicated that observations with higher PBF values were less likely to be missing.

Association of Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome with Sarcopenia and Systemic Inflammation in Pre-Frail Older Adults.

Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is defined by the presence of slow gait and subjective cognitive decline. It is well recognized as a prodrome for dementia, but the biological mechanism and trajectory for MCR are still lacking. The objective of this study was to explore the association of MCR with body composition, including sarcopenia and systemic inflammation, in pre-frail older adults in a cross-sectional study of 397 pre-frail community-dwelling older adults. Data on demographics, physical function, frailty, cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)), perceived health and depression were collected. Body composition was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers, such as progranulin, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the association between MCR, body composition, sarcopenia and systemic inflammatory biomarkers. The prevalence of MCR was 14.9%. They were significantly older and there were more females, depression, functional impairment, lower education, physical activity and MoCA scores. Body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass index, fat to fat free mass ratio (FM/FFM) and sarcopenia prevalence were significantly higher in MCR. Serum GDF-15 and TNF-α levels were highest with progranulin/TNF-α and IL-10/TNF-α ratio lowest in MCR. Compared to healthy patients, MCR was significantly associated with sarcopenia (aOR 2.62; 95% CI 1.46-3.17), BF% (aOR 1.06; 95% CI 1.01-1.12), FMI (aOR 1.16; 95% CI 1.02-1.30) and FM/FFM (aOR 6.38; 95% CI 1.20-33.98). The association of IL-10 to TNF-α ratio (aOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99) and IL-10 (aOR 2.22, 95% CI 0.05-0.98) with MCR were independent of sarcopenia and BF%. Longitudinal population studies are needed to understand the role of body fat indices and IL-10 in pre-frail older adults with MCR and trajectory to dementia.