Body Fat Index Research Articles

The association between food insecurity and obesity, a body shape index and body roundness index among US adults

Research has established a positive association between food insecurity and obesity, typically assessed by body mass index (BMI); However, studies examining the relationship between food insecurity and measures of body fat content and distribution are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the association between food insecurity and obesity ([BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) and body fat indicators assessed by body roundness index ([BRI] > 6.72) and a body shape index ([ABSI] > 0.08). This is a cross-sectional study using NHANES data 2007–2020. Household food security was assessed by U.S. Food Security Survey Module questionnaire. Multivariable-adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% CIs. Compared to those with full food security, the adjusted ORs for obesity were 1.28 (95% CI:1.18, 1.39), 1.40 (95% CI:1.28, 1.53), and 1.43 (95% CI:1.30, 1.57) for those with marginal, low and very low food security, respectively. The corresponding ORs for high BRI were, respectively, 1.39 (95% CI:1.26, 1.52), 1.50 (95% CI:1.36, 1.66), and 1.60 (95% CI:1.43, 1.78). Similar results were observed for ABSI. The analyses of BMI suggested a potential sex difference, as significant associations were found in women, but not in men. This study confirms previous evidence of the positive association between food insecurity and obesity among US adults.

The Different Predictive Effects of Multiple Body Fat Indexes on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.

The aim of this study was to comprehensively compare the predictive effect of 10 body fat indexes on MAFLD in different sex, age and BMI subgroups. A total of 5403 physical examination data were included and divided into the MAFLD group (N=2632) and non-MAFLD group (N=2771). The differences and correlation of 10 promising indicators between the two groups were compared, including fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral fat index (VAI), cardiometabolic index (CMI), body adiposity index (BAI), and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), waist circumference index (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio (WHtR). Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk of MAFLD under different adjustment conditions. The operating characteristic curve of different genders, BMI levels and age subgroups was plotted. Male gender, smoking, alcohol drinking, and higher age are risk factors for MAFLD. In addition to BAI, the other 9 indicators had a high correlation with MAFLD, the area under the curve (AUC) value was >0.7, and the prediction effect was better in females, BMI<24 kg/m2, age <35 years subgroup, among which FLI (AUC: 0.912, 95% CI: 0.905-0.920), LAP (AUC: 0.894, 95% CI: 0.8866-0.903), and HSI (AUC: 0.881, 95% CI: 0.872-0.890) have better prediction effects. Our study confirmed the accuracy of body fat-related indexes in predicting MAFLD in people of different sexes, ages, and BMI levels. Among them, FLI, LAP and HSI have high predictive value and can be utilized as simple and cost-effective tools for screening MAFLD in clinical settings.

Assessment of the influence of body fat indices on antihypertensive drug responses.

Less than 50% of patients treated for hypertension reach a target office systolic blood pressure (SBP). We aimed to evaluate the role of adiposity on antihypertensive drug responses in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Estimated glomerular filtration rates, body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness (SFT), body surface areas and waist circumferences of 150 hypertensive patients naïve to treatment were measured. Treatment protocols were started as combination of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) plus calcium channel blocker (CCB), angiotensin receptor blocker plus CCB or ACE-I plus diuretic. Pre-treatment and change in blood pressure (ΔBP) after 4weeks treatment were determined. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to find independent predictors of Δblood pressure changes, and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to find independent predictors of target SBP < 140 mmHg at 4weeks. A total of 104 patients reached the target systolic pressure of <140 mmHg at 4weeks. Triceps, mid-abdomen and subscapular SFT were significantly thicker in the uncontrolled blood pressure group (P = .011, P = .006 and P = .016, respectively). Pretreatment SBP (r = 0.644), pretreatment diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.188), subscapular SFT (r = -0.318), suprailiac SFT (r = -0.211) and ΔDBP (r = 0.433) were correlated with ΔSBP in correlation analysis. Pretreatment SBP (β = 0.644, 95% CI = 0.697-0.993, P < .001), subscapular SFT (β = -0.253, 95% CI = -0.886--0.329, P < .001), pretreatment DBP (β = -0.380, 95% CI = -0.1001- -0.453, P = .001) and ΔDBP (β = 0.401, 95% CI = 0.377-0.796, P < .001) were independent predictors of ΔSBP in multivariable linear regression analysis. Subscapular SFT was an independent predictor of target SBP < 140 mmHg in multivariable logistic regression analysis (OR = 0.895, 95% CI = 0.832-0.963, P = .003). Subscapular SFT may be a valuable marker for prediction of response to antihypertensive drugs.

Nonlinear relationship between cardiometabolic index and bone mineral density in U.S. adults: the mediating role of percent body fat.

Both lipid metabolism and obesity are crucial factors in osteoporosis, influencing the relevance of the cardiometabolic index (CMI), a new body fat index incorporating obesity and lipid metrics. Our study aims to explore the relationship between CMI and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and the mediating role of body fat percentage. Utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011 to 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis. We employed multiple linear regression models, subgroup analyses, generalized additive models (GAM), smooth curve fitting, and mediation analysis to evaluate the linear and nonlinear relationships between CMI and lumbar spine BMD. The study involved 5,124 participants with an average lumbar spine BMD of 1.03 ± 0.15g/cm2. We identified a negative correlation between CMI and lumbar spine BMD (β = -0.015; 95% CI: -0.023, -0.008). Nonlinear associations were evident, with inflection points at CMI values of 1.12 and 2.86. Subgroup analyses showed consistent negative correlations across all categories without significant differences (p for interaction > 0.05). Moreover, body fat percentage negatively correlated with BMD (β = -0.005; 95% CI: -0.006, -0.004) and mediated 9.41% of the relationship between CMI and BMD. Increased CMI levels are associated with lower lumbar spine BMD, with body fat percentage significantly mediating this relationship. This underscores the importance of managing body composition in the context of bone health, highlighting CMI's potential utility in osteoporosis risk assessment.

An Analysis of Body Composition and Physical status of middle aged Women

Background: Body composition and physical status are essential indicators of overall health, especially in middle-aged women. This group often undergoes significant physiological changes due to aging, hormonal shifts, and lifestyle factors, affecting their body composition, including fat mass, lean muscle mass, and bone density. Methodology: A total of 100 women from Varanasi city, comprising both employed individuals and housewives, participated in this study. These women were divided into two groups, each consisting of 100 subjects aged between 35 and 50 years. The selected variables for body composition analysis included total body fat, fat-free mass, bone mass, muscle mass, body mass index, and physical status. Results: The t-test for Equality of Means revealed a significant difference between the groups, t(198) = 1.660, with p-values indicating substantial differences in total body fat (p &lt; .001), fat-free mass (p &lt; .001), bone mass (p &lt; .000), muscle mass (p &lt; .001), and body mass index (p &lt; .001). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in physical activity levels, t(198) = 11.714, p &lt; .001). Conclusion: The study found a considerable difference in body composition parameters between employed women and housewives. Employed women exhibited lower total body fat and BMI, and higher muscle mass, fat-free mass, and bone mass compared to housewives. This suggests that employed women, likely due to more structured schedules and better access to physical exercise, maintain a healthier body composition.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF RABBITS USING DIFFERENT GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CHERKASSY REGION

According to the results of the study of the process of forming indicators of meat productivity of rabbits of the California and silver breeds (n = 200 heads), which were raised on the farm using retro-keeping technologies (the rabbit farm of the "Rokitchenkov A. P." Cherkassy region) and in the conditions of the industrial type rabbit farm (the rabbit farm of the Cherkassy experimental Station of Bioresources of the NAAS, Cherkassy), a different level of realization of the potential of meat productivity by rabbits was established, both according to the breed and depending on the cultivation technology. It was established that during the entire period of the study, and in particular before slaughter, a probable predominance was noted in young animals, which were raised according to industrial technology, regardless of the breed, the difference when comparing the average values was 165–222 g (р &lt; 0.01). In terms of breed affiliation, animals of the California breed had higher live weight indicators at this age. It was established that the maximum indicators of animal growth were registered for rabbits of the California breed at the age of 60–90 days; for animals of the silver breed, the process of forming the live weight indicator continued until the age of 120 days. The obtained results indicate that rabbits of the meat direction of productivity have higher values of the index of body fatness (63.8–65.5%), which is typical for rabbits of this breed. This indicator is determined by the ratio of chest girth (27.0–27.2 cm) to the length of the trunk (41.5–42.3 cm) and has the following pattern: the larger the length of the trunk, the smaller the index of the whiplash. Among the analog groups, no significant difference was found in terms of the knockdown index in California rabbits. For rabbits of the silver breed, given the higher body length index (45.2–45.2 cm) with a slight difference in the chest girth index (24.7–25.0 cm), the body leanness index was 54.4–55.3%. Based on the results of the study, it was established that the cultivation of rabbits using industrial technology, in our opinion, to a certain extent, neutralizes the effect of negative factors in the surrounding environment and makes it possible to effectively realize the potential of meat productivity.

Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) therapy decreases lean body mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index even until one year after the final treatment in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Sarcopenia is an independent prognostic factor for several solid cancers, including B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). However, previous reports have measured the parameters of loss of skeletal muscle as sarcopenia only once before chemotherapy and have predicted poor outcomes. In this study, changes in body composition were measured in patients who received rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) therapy for B-NHL using the InBody 720 analyzer throughout the therapy. Twenty-seven patients who achieved complete remission and survived for one year after the last cycle were included in the study. Body composition was evaluated immediately before initiation and fourth cycle, and one month and one year after the last cycle. Throughout the follow-up period, the lean body mass index (LBMI) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) showed significant transient decreases even one year following the last cycle (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). Body fat index (BFI) and body fat percentage (BF%) decreased until one month after the last cycle; however, they reached levels higher than the baseline levels, +22.1% and +15.9%, respectively, at 1 year from the last cycle. The loss of skeletal muscle mass did not recover even one year after the last cycle. Interventions in nutritional management are needed to prevent sarcopenia in patients treated with R-CHOP therapy.

Poster 391: Injury Risk Cut-offs for Bone Density and Body Composition in Professional Female Ballet Dancers

Objectives: Female professional ballet performers are a unique population that undergo substantial physiologic stresses related to training, performance, and, at times, reduced energy availability that can result in elevated incidences of injury relative to their male counterparts and, even more so, the general population. However, there are currently no population-specific cut-offs based on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and body composition (lean mass, LM; fat mass, FM) in relation to injury risk for appropriate screening and identification of those who might benefit from nutritional or activity-based interventions for injury prevention. The objective of this investigation was to develop population-specific DEXA cut-offs for BMD and body composition in professional female ballet performers based on injury risk. Methods: All procedures for this investigation were approved by the IRB. A total of 132 DEXA scans among 48 female professional ballet dancers from a single dance company taken during yearly physicals between 2017-2022 were collected for BMD and body composition (body mass, lean mass, fat mass). The electronic hospital record (EHR) was reviewed for each performer. The year of injury, level of injury, anatomic location, and diagnosis were collected if an injury was identified for the year following DEXA and physical. Level of injury was recorded. The data was de-identified and categorized by gender and year of injury. A female ballet population-matched Z-score was generated for total and regional BMD and body composition measures whereby Zb = (Measure – Ballet Population Measure) / SD of the ballet population. Logistic regression was used to determine Zb-score cut-offs whereby a significant increase in injury metrics (frequency &amp; severity) would occur. Next, a T-test was used to compare injury severity scores between those above and below the cut-off. Chi-square analysis was then used to compare injury level frequencies between those above and below the cut-off. Significance was set at p&lt;0.05 for all analyses. Corresponding BMD and body composition measures to each established Zb cut-off were also calculated. Results: Results are presented in Figure 1. Analysis revealed a strong association between Zb-scores for body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and increased incidence of level 1 injuries. Weaker associations for Zb-scores for total BMD and total lean mass index (LMI, kgLM/m2) with all-cause injury severity and frequency rates (P&lt;0.05) were also found. For total BMD, a Zb-score threshold of -0.5 was observed to be the point at which injury severity (P=0.039) and frequency of higher-level injuries (Level 2&amp; 3, P&lt;0.05) was observed to significantly increase. This cut-off corresponded to a total BMD value of 1.100 g/cm2. For total LMI, a Zb-score threshold of -0.5 was observed to be the point at which injury severity (P=0.046) and overall injury frequency (P=0.023) was observed to increase. This cut-off corresponded to a total LMI value of 13.86 kgLM/m2. For BMI, a Zb-score threshold of -0.4 was observed to be the point at which injury severity (P=0.047) and frequency of level higher level injuries (&gt;Level 1, P=0.002) was observed to significantly increase. No significant injury cut-offs for % body fat or fat mass index were observed. This cut-off corresponded to a BMI value of 18.40 kg/m2. Conclusions: Reduced total bone density (BMD &lt;1.100 g/cm2), lean mass (LMI &lt; 13.86 kgLM/m2), and body mass (BMI &lt; 18.40 kg/m2) may increase injury risk in elite professional female ballet performers. The cut-offs identified here may be used to better evaluate injury risk (as it pertains to DEXA assessment) in a manner that is specific to this population as opposed to generalizing to general population norms. Investigation remains ongoing regarding male dancers as well as how regional DEXA measures may relate to specific injury locations. The methods used here may also be utilized to find similar body composition and BMD injury risk cut-offs among other athlete populations and may greatly enhance the value of densitometry-based screening.

PRISE EN CHARGE DES PERSONNES ATTEINTES DE TROUBLES MUSCULO SUELETTIQUES ET DE MALADIES CHRONIQUES NON TRANSMISSIBLES PAR DES ACTIVITES PHYSIQUES ADAPTEES SANTE (APS) DURANT LE CONFINEMENT EN PERIODE DE COVID 19 AU SENEGAL

The appearance of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in China, and more specifically in Wuhan, triggered a pandemic, declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, which rapidly spread around the world, causing several thousand deaths. All countries have taken preventive measures, including containment, which reduces the mobility of populations. Consequently, inactivity among individuals, especially the elderly and women suffering from certain pathologies, further increases the risk of certain non-transmissible chronic diseases, as well as musculoskeletal and cardiovascular disorders. Thus, our study consisted in providing a remedy during the period of relief from restrictive measures or decontainment through a health adapted physical activity program (APAS). Anthropometric variables and musculoskeletal disorders in 11 Senegalese women, all suffering from musculoskeletal disorders and some from chronic non-transmissible diseases (diabetes, sickle-cell anemia AS, osteoarthritis) aged between 31 and 55, were measured before and at the end of a month-long program consisting of treadmill walking combined with muscle-strengthening exercises. Students t-tests performed to compare the mean values of variables measured in our sample before and at the end of the physical activity program revealed no statistically significant differences, although the women showed an absolute reduction in weight, body fat and Body Mass Index, a remarkable reduction in musculoskeletal disorders and a stabilization of chronic non-transmissible diseases.

Redefining Abdominal Contours: An Analysis of Medium Definition Liposuction Abdominoplasty.

This study elucidates the application of Medium Definition Liposuction Abdominoplasty, a novel technique for achieving well-defined abdominal contours. The technique focuses on revealing the patient's inherent muscular volume and form by creating thinner flaps compared to traditional liposuction methodologies. Objective evaluations of the abdominal wall's configuration were systematically executed both pre- and post-intervention for each participant. Digital image measurements facilitated by an image software constituted the basis for these assessments. The Body Fat Index was computed using precise measurements from seven distinct anatomical sites, with two measurements taken at each site and subsequently averaged. Over a span of 63 months, 300 patients underwent this combined procedure, resulting in discernible enhancements in the configuration of their abdominal walls in 97.6% of cases. However, complications such as partial diminution of tension in the muscular wall (2%), distal flap necrosis (0.6%), and minor muscular hernia (0.3%) were observed. The employment of combined muscle plication emerges as an efficacious methodology in meticulously rectifying alterations inherent within the muscular aponeurotic abdominal wall. This technique ensures the preservation of the original anatomical structure and functional dynamics, thereby circumventing the manifestation of local distortions that may arise from inadequate or excessive corrections. The study introduces a novel technique, Medium Definition Liposuction Abdominoplasty, for achieving well-defined abdominal contours. This technique focuses on revealing the patient's inherent muscular volume and form by creating thinner flaps compared to traditional liposuction methodologies. Objective evaluations of the abdominal wall's configuration were systematically executed both pre- and post-intervention for each participant. The Body Fat Index was computed using precise measurements from seven distinct anatomical sites. Over a span of 63 months, 300 patients underwent this combined procedure, resulting in discernible enhancements in the configuration of their abdominal walls in 97.6% of cases. This technique ensures the preservation of the original anatomical structure and functional dynamics, thereby circumventing the manifestation of local distortions that may arise from inadequate or excessive corrections. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

A NEW ALGORITHM FOR DIAGNOSING OBESITY BASED ON INDICATORS OF BODY COMPOSITION

Introduction. Body mass index (BMI), which is measured as the ratio of body weight to height squared, is one of the widely used criteria for classifying overweight and obesity. Despite its popularity, BMI is often criticized for not taking into account individual differences in body composition and fat distribution, which can lead to inaccuracies in the classification of the degree of obesity. Aim. To develop and test a somatotype diagnostic algorithm based on the integration and comprehensive analysis of fat content, skeletal muscle mass, and fat distribution. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on a group of 82 men with different indicators of BMI. A developed algorithm was used to diagnose somatotype, which included body fat index (IBF), limb muscle mass index (IASM), and waist circumference to height ratio (WHtR). The results were analyzed and classified according to the defined criteria. Results. The proposed algorithm was tested on a sample of 82 examined men, who were divided into 2 groups depending on BMI. Thanks to our algorithm, it was possible to identify prognostically unfavorable somatotypes characterized by sarcopenia with a central type of fat distribution. These are F1S1C1 and F2S1C1 somatotypes, the total number of which was 9 examined (10.96% of the sample). Approbation of the algorithm was carried out on a group of examined men, confirmed its effectiveness and ability to detect different somatotypes, taking into account complex parameters of the body. Conclusions. Our research algorithm turned out to be a useful tool for somatotype diagnosis, especially in cases where BMI may not accurately reflect the real state of health. Taking into account individual differences in body components such as fat content, skeletal muscle mass and fat distribution, we provide a more accurate classification of somatotype and the possibility of a more individualized approach to treatment and prevention.

Screening Accuracy of BMI for Adiposity Among 8- to 19-Year-Olds.

Although the limitations of BMI have long been recognized, there are recent concerns that it is not a good screening tool for adiposity. We therefore examined the cross-sectional relation of BMI to adiposity among 6923 8- to 19-year-olds in the National Health and Nutrition Survey from 2011 through 2018. Participants were scanned with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Adiposity was expressed as fat mass index (FMI, fat mass kg ÷ m2) and percentage of body fat (%fat). Lean mass was expressed as lean mass index (LMI, lean mass ÷ m2). Regression models and 2 × 2 tables were used to assess the relation of BMI to FMI, %fat, and LMI. Age and BMI accounted (R2) for 90% to 94% of the variability of FMI and LMI in each sex. Associations with %fat were weaker (R2s ∼0.70). We also examined the screening abilities of a BMI ≥ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 95th percentile for high levels of adiposity and LMI. Cut points were chosen so that prevalences of high values of these variables would be similar to that for high BMI. Of participants with a high BMI, 88% had a high FMI, and 76% had a high %fat. Participants with a high BMI were 29 times more likely to have a high FMI than those with lower BMIs; comparable relative risks were 12 for high %fat and 14 for high LMI. Despite its limitations, a high BMI is a very good screening tool for identifying children and adolescents with elevated adiposity.

Analysis of Finger Photo Pulse Plethysmography and Body Composition among Low Back Pain Subjects with Lumbar Disc Degenerative Diseases Diagnosed by MRI Analysis

Lumbar disc degenerative disc disease, accompanied by back pain, is a prominent health concern in society. The purpose of the study was to investigate the connection of arterial stiffness and body composition in the patients suffering low back pain with lumbar disc degenerative disorders. A comparative study was performed on 197 patients, both male and female, between the ages of 30 and 70, who were experiencing low back pain. These patients have undergone magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral region to evaluate the intervertebral disc's nucleus and annulus as well as its signal intensity and height. The Pfirrmann grading method was used to determine the extent of disc degeneration. The statistical analysis revealed no significant link between overall body fat and stiffness index in disc bulging and nerve compression groups. However, the group experiencing nerve compression demonstrated a statistically significant association between visceral fat and reflection index in individuals who were overfat and obese. In addition, there was a notable correlation between PWV and the reflection index of the disc bulging groups. So, whole body fat and PWV had a different impact on disc degeneration. The PWV has a robust positive correlation with both the stiffness index and reflection index. The presence of subcutaneous fat and vascular stiffness may not have any impact on low back pain in patients with disc bulging and nerve compression. Early identification of vascular stiffness and study of body composition serve as initial measures to avoid the progression of disc degeneration.

Integration of a battery of biomarkers to evaluate the health status of field-collected frogs of Leptodactylus luctator living in ecosystems with different anthropogenic disturbances

Amphibians are the most threatened group of vertebrates because they have certain biological and ecological characteristics that make them sensitive to environmental changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of field-collected adult frogs of Leptodactylus luctator (Amphibia, Anura) living in sites with different anthropogenic disturbances (florihorticulture, petrochemical industry and sewage discharges) and a reference site without any detectable influence of such activities. To this end, a battery of 21 biomarkers (hematological, biochemical and individual biomarkers) was studied using a multivariate approach that allows us to evaluate the relationship between them and provide information on their usefulness. The frogs at the florihorticulture, petrochemical and sewage discharges sites exhibited several biomarkers far from homeostasis. In addition, we identified 11 of 21 biomarkers that were useful indicators of the health status of the frogs and allowed discrimination between study sites in the following order: lymphocytes (98 %), neutrophils (45 %), hemoglobin (42 %), monocytes (41 %), fat body index (35 %), eosinophils (35 %), hepatosomatic index (33 %), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (32 %), thrombocytes (27 %), catalase in liver (26 %), and GST in liver (26 %). The results suggest that hematological biomarkers contribute the most to site separation, whereas biochemical biomarkers contribute the least. The integral interpretation of the results also allowed us to diagnose the different health status of L. luctator: The frogs from the petrochemical industry were the most negatively affected, followed by the frogs from the sewages discharges and finally the frogs from the florihorticulture and reference sites. This is the first field study with anurans in which so many biomarkers were examined.

Associations of body adiposity index, body mass index, waist circumference, and percentage of body fat in young female Emirati adults.

Body Adiposity Index (BAI), which relies on an individual's hip circumference and height, was proposed as an alternative anthropometric measurement to Body Mass Index (BMI). Although this measure has been validated across different populations, its accuracy in predicting percent body fat (%BF) in the United Arab Emirates has not yet been assessed. The objective of this study was to examine the association between BAI, BMI, Waist Circumference (WC), and %BF in young female Emirati adults and determine the relative accuracy of BAI when predicting %BF. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 95 Emirati women between the ages of 17 and 27. The %BF was measured using the dual-energy X-ray absorption (DXA) scanner. Anthropometric measurements were collected, and BMI and BAI were calculated. BMI and %BF (r = 0.823, p <0.001) showed a greater association than that between BAI and %BF (r = 0.702, p <0.001). A linear regression analysis revealed that BMI was the single best predictor of %BF in the sample (r2 = 0.678, p<0.001). The variation around the regression line for BAI comparisons with %BF (standard error of estimate = 4.879) was greater than BMI comparisons (standard error of estimate = 3.889). BAI was found to significantly underestimate %BF at higher adiposity levels (mean difference = 8.7%). The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that BMI had a higher discriminatory capacity (AUC = 0.891) over WC and BAI. The results demonstrated that BMI was a better predictor of %BF in the sample than BAI and WC. Thus, BMI may be more useful in assessing adiposity in young female Emirati adults than BAI. However, the potential of BAI as an alternative measure of adiposity should continue to be examined.

Comparative study of body mass index and percentage of body fat in the definition of obesity

Comparative study of body mass index and percentage of body fat in the definition of obesity

Treadmill walking economy is not affected by body fat and body mass index in adults.

To determine whether body fat and body mass index (BMI) affect the energy cost of walking (Cw; J/kg/m), ventilation, and gas exchange data from 205 adults (115 females; percent body fat range = 3.0%-52.8%; BMI range = 17.5-43.2 kg/m2) were obtained at rest and during treadmill walking at 1.34 m/s to calculate gross and net Cw. Linear regression was used to assess relationships between body composition indices, Cw, and standing metabolic rate (SMR). Unpaired t-tests were used to assess differences between sex, and one-way ANOVA was used to assess differences by BMI categories: normal weight, <25.0 kg/m2; overweight, 25.0-29.9 km/m2; and obese, ≥30 kg/m2. Net Cw was not related to body fat percent, fat mass, or BMI (all R2 ≤ 0.011). Furthermore, mean net Cw was similar by sex (male: 2.19 ± 0.30 J/kg/m; female: 2.24 ± 0.37 J/kg/m, p = 0.35) and across BMI categories (normal weight: 2.23 ± 0.36 J/kg/m; overweight: 2.18 ± 0.33 J/kg/m; obese: 2.26 ± 0.31, p = 0.54). Gross Cw and SMR were inversely associated with percent body fat, fat mass, and BMI (all R2 between 0.033 and 0.270; all p ≤ 0.008). In conclusion, Net Cw is not influenced by body fat percentage, total body fat, and BMI and does not differ by sex.

A comparative analysis of the physical fitness profile of Korean women's national amateur boxers by weight category.

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in specific physical fitness of the national amateur women's boxer. The Korean women's national amateur boxers were classified into the lightweight category (LWC, n=21) and middleweight category (MWC, n=13), and body composition (percentage body fat and body mass index) and specific physical fitness (maximal muscle strength, anaerobic power, isokinetic muscle strength, cardiopulmonary endurance) were measured. The Mann-Whitney U-test was conducted to determine the differences in the body composition and specific physical fitness in women's boxers. The percentage body fat (P=0.004) and body mass index (P<0.001) were significantly higher in the LWC compared to MWC. In addition, LWC showed significantly higher isokinetic muscle strength (P<0.001), upper anaerobic mean power (P=0.002), maximal muscle strength (P=0.003), and maximal heart rate at anaerobic threshold (P=0.029), maximal oxygen consumption (P<0.001) and the 20-m shuttle-run exercise (P=0.004) compared to MWC. In conclusion, the body fat percentage and body mass index levels among body composition were significantly higher in the MWC than in the LWC, and the constant muscle strength, maximum muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary endurance levels were significantly higher in the LWC than in the MWC. The results of this study are expected to provide useful data for planning future strategies for efficient and scientific training programs for each weight category.

Decline in the Conception Rate of Wild Japanese Monkeys after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident

We examined the conception rate of wild Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) in Fukushima City that were exposed to radiation as a result of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. The conception rate in the year of delivery from 2009 to 2022 was estimated by dissecting individuals that were euthanized by the government for population control as a countermeasure against crop damage. To evaluate the effects of exposure, the cumulative exposure dose for each individual was calculated using the concentration of radiocesium deposited in the soil at the capture site and the concentration of radiocesium in muscle estimated from the aggregated transfer factor. There were no significant differences in conception rates across all age classes over time. In terms of conception rates by age class, there was a significant decrease post-exposure compared with pre-exposure in the age class ≥ 8 years, but no significant differences in the age class 5–7 years. The non-ovulation rate did not significantly differ between the pre- and post-exposure periods for any age class. Body fat index, which can affect fertility, was compared between the pre- and post-exposure periods, and no significant differences were found in either age class. In contrast, the median total cumulative exposure (cumulative internal exposure + cumulative external exposure) was significantly higher in the age class ≥ 8 years compared with the age class 5–7 years. These results suggest that the total cumulative exposure dose may be one of the reasons for the lower conception rate in the post-exposure period among the age class ≥ 8 years.

The Influence of Zumba Exercise on Increasing Fitness, Reducing Body Fat and Body Mass Index in Health Service Employees, Population Control and Family Planning in Madiun City

ABSTRACT Health and fitness are basic needs that humans need and to achieve them requires fun and sustainable physical activity, including Zumba exercise. The results of tests and measurements in 2021 and 2022, from 119 employees, show that good fitness results remain at 34%, while body mass index and body fat in the normal category have decreased In general, the aim of this research is to determine the impact that Zumba exercise has on increasing fitness, body fat and body mass index. The population in this study were Madiun City PPKB Health Service employees with age requirements of 25-40 and not suffering from heart disease, hypertension and fractures with a total sample of 30 for the zumba exercise group and 30 for the control group. The research design uses One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, One group for the zumba exercise experiment and research was carried out for 4 months, with one workout a week. The data processed in this research is pre-test and post-test data to determine how much improvement the research program has implemented. The data that has been processed shows that there is a significant increase in fitness, namely the VO2max value (2-tailed p = 0,000), for body mass index there was also a significant decrease (2-tailed p = 0,000), and there was also a decrease in body fat percentage (2-tailed p = 0,000) . Zumba exercise can be used as a core or alternative exercise method to increase fitness decreased Body Fat Percentage and Body Mass Index. Keywords: Zumba Exercise, Fitness, Body Fat, Body Mass Index, Madiun City Health Office ABSTRAK Kesehatan dan kebugaran adalah kebutuhan dasar yang dibutuhkan manusia dan untuk mencapainya membutuhkan aktivitas fisik yang menyenangkan dan berkelanjutan diantaranya senam zumba. Hasil tes dan pengukuran pada tahun 2021 dan 2022 dari 119 pegawai Dinas Kesehatan PP KB Kota Madiun menunjukkan hasil kebugaran baik tetap sebesar 34%, sedangkan indeks massa tubuh dan lemak tubuh pada kategori normal mengalami penurunan. Secara umum tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak yang diberikan oleh senam zumba terhadap peningkatan kebugaran, Bodyfat dan Indeks Massa Tubuh. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Pegawai Dinas Kesehatan PPKB Kota Madiun dengan syarat usia 25-40 serta tidak menderita jantung, hipertensi dan fraktur dengan total sampel 30 untuk kelompok senam zumba dan 30 kelompok kontrol. Desain penelitian menggunakan One Group Prestest-Postest Design. Satu kelompok menggunakan eksperimen dengan senam zumba dan penelitian dilakukan selama 4 bulan, dengan satu kali latihan dalam seminggu. Data yang diolah pada penelitian ini adalah data pre-test dan post-test untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peningkatan dari program penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan. Dari data yang telah diolah menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok ekperimen terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap kebugaran yaitu nilai VO2max (2-tailed p = 0,000), untuk indeks massa tubuh pun terjadi penurunan yang signifikan (2-tailed p = 0,00), dan terjadi penurunan juga pada persentase lemak tubuh (2-tailed p = 0,000). Senam zumba dapat dijadikan metode latihan inti maupun selingan untuk meningkatkan kebugaran, dan menurunkan prosentase lemak tubuh dan Indeks Massa Tubuh. Kata Kunci: Senam Zumba, Kebugaran, Bodyfat, Indeks Masa Tubuh, Dinkes PPKB Kota Madiun