Body Exercise Research Articles

Effectiveness of Exercise Interventions on Body Composition, Exercise Capacity, Fatigue, and Quality of Life in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Diminished muscle protein synthesis in cirrhosis leads to reduced strength and mass, impacting daily activities and overall quality of life. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of exercise intervention in body composition, exercise capacity, fatigue, and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis. A systematic search of medical databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL, was executed from their inception to November 2022. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials comparing exercise interventions with a control group that did not receive exercise interventions. From the initially identified 2,565 articles, eight studies with a total of 220 patients were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, exercise significantly improved the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) by 68.93m (95% CI 14.29-123.57) compared to the control group. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed that combing exercise with amino acid supplementation had a greater positive effect on the 6MWD (MD = 144.72, 95% CI 87.44-202.01). Exercise also significantly increased thigh circumference (MD = 1.26, 95% CI 0.12-2.39) and the thigh ultrasound average compression index (MD = 0.07, 95% CI 0.00-0.14). Moreover, exercise significantly decreased fatigue levels by 0.7 points in patients with liver cirrhosis (95% CI 0.38-1.03). However, no significant effects were observed on body mass index (BMI), fat mass, fat-free mass, and quality of life. Exercise can improve exercise capacity, thigh muscle thickness, and fatigue in patients with cirrhosis, but it does not have a significant impact on fat mass, BMI, or quality of life.

Comparative efficacy of seven nonpharmacological interventions on global cognition in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

To maintain current cognitive function and access greater cognitive reserves, nonpharmacological interventions may be a viable alternative for older adults with or without cognitive impairment. This study aimed to compare different nonpharmacological interventions for enhancing global cognition, including mind–body exercise, physical exercise, non-invasive brain stimulation, cognitive training intervention (CTI), acutherapy (ACU), meditation, and music therapy, by applying a network meta-analysis (NMA). Sixty-one randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of interventions on global cognition in older adults with or without mild cognitive decline were selected. An NMA was conducted to compare the efficacy of different nonpharmacological interventions. The NMA revealed that mind–body exercise (standardized mean difference, 1.384; 95% confidence interval, 0.777–1.992); ACU (1.283; 0.478–2.088); meditation (0.910; 0.097–1.724); non-invasive brain stimulation (1.242; 0.254–2.230); CTI (1.269; 0.736–1.802); and physical exercise (0.977; 0.212–1.742), showed positive effects compared to passive controls. There were no significant differences between the efficacies of other interventions. Nonpharmacological interventions may potentially enhance and maintain global cognition through various pathways, such as memorizing movements and enhancing brain plasticity by reducing stress in the older adult population. Additional studies are needed to clarify the impact of other variables, including intervention methods or psychological variables.

(1088) - The Association Between Body Mass Index, Exercise Capacity, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Heart Transplant Recipients

(1088) - The Association Between Body Mass Index, Exercise Capacity, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Heart Transplant Recipients

Electrical Impedance Tomography for Real-Time Monitoring of Muscle Activity in Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation

This work looks at how Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) can be used in robot-assisted rehabilitation to make it easier to watch how muscle activity changes in real time. Quantitative methods are used in this study to look into how well EIT works, including full analyses and comparisons with common tracking methods like Electromyography (EMG). Both EIT and EMG are used to record the participants' mean and peak muscle activation levels as they do a set of Upper Limb, Lower Limb, and Full Body exercises. The study's findings show that EIT is incredibly flexible when it comes to capturing complex patterns of muscle activation across a wide range of rehabilitation routines. Each participant's involvement is shown by different patterns of muscle activation, and these patterns can be seen across different types of exercise. We can learn a lot about how muscles work during rehabilitation by measuring their mean and peak activation levels. This helps us see how well EIT works as a tracking tool. A very important step in validating EIT is to compare it to EMG readings. This shows how consistent and accurate EIT is in real-time monitoring situations. The high level of agreement between the two methods shows that EIT is a reliable alternative to standard monitoring methods, providing an easy to use and non-invasive way to measure muscle activity. The results of this study are even stronger because they include quantitative analyses and a detailed look at system performance data. We carefully check things like signal-to-noise ratio, reconstruction accuracy, and reliability, which shows how strong and dependable the combined EIT system is. These metrics are important for showing how well the system can measure things accurately and reliably in changing rehabilitation situations. This study adds to the growing amount of research on EIT uses in rehabilitation by showing that it can be a useful tool for keeping track of real-time muscle activity. This study opens the door for EIT to be widely used in rehabilitation by showing how muscle activation changes over time and proving its effectiveness against well-known methods. This will eventually lead to better patient outcomes and more effective rehabilitation.

Supplementation with Lactiplantibacillus brevis GKEX Combined with Resistance Exercise Training Improves Muscle Mass, Strength Performance, and Body Fat Condition in Healthy Humans.

In addition to maintaining good exercise and dietary habits, recent studies have shown that probiotics may have potential benefits for muscle mass and strength. It is worth noting that the effects may vary depending on the specific strains used. To date, no studies have analyzed the effects of Lactiplantibacillus brevis in this context. Here, we combine the L. brevis strain GKEX with resistance training to further understand its effects on muscle mass, thickness, performance, and fat loss. In a six-week intervention for a double-blind randomized trial, 52 healthy subjects were divided into two groups (10 male and 16 female participants in each group): a placebo group (two capsules/day, containing 0 CFU of GKEX per capsule) and a GKEX group (two capsules/day, containing 1 × 1010 CFU of GKEX per capsule). Before the intervention, no differences were observed between the two groups in any of the tests (body composition, muscle thickness, exercise performance, and blood parameters). However, supplementation with GKEX significantly improved muscle mass and thickness, as well as grip strength, muscle strength, and explosive performance, when compared to the associated parameters before the intervention. Additionally, GKEX supplementation promoted a reduction in the body fat percentage (p < 0.05). Through analysis of the change amount, we observed that GKEX supplementation yielded significantly improved benefits when compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). In summary, our findings support the notion that a six-week resistance exercise training program combined with L. brevis GKEX supplementation has superior additive effects that enhance muscle mass and strength performance, while also reducing body fat percentage. This intervention can promote muscle gain and fat loss.

Effects of mind–body exercise on knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of mind–body exercise on improving knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and thereby informing osteoarthritis exercise rehabilitation.MethodsThe China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO, Embase, Scopus, and ProQuest databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved tai chi, yoga, and baduanjin interventions for KOA. The search period ranged from inception to October 25, 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, and the included data were statistically analyzed and plotted using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software.ResultsWe included 17 articles with a total of 1122 patients. Compared with the control group, mind–body exercise significantly improved patient pain (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.87, -0.42], p < 0.00001), stiffness (SMD = -0.75, 95% CI [-1.05, -0.45], p < 0.00001), physical function (SMD = -0.82, 95% CI [-1.03, -0.62], p < 0.00001), mental health (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI [0.11, 0.51], p = 0.002), and depression (SMD = -0.32, 95% CI [-0.50, -0.15], p = 0.0003). In terms of motor ability, mind–body exercise significantly increased the 6-min walking distance (SMD = 18.45, 95% CI [5.80, 31.10], p = 0.004) and decreased timed up and go test time (SMD = -1.15, 95% CI [-1.71, -0.59], p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe current study showed that mind–body exercise is safe and effective for KOA patients. However, given the methodological limitations of the included studies, additional high-quality evidence is needed to support the conclusions of this study.

Development and validation of cognitive ageing risk score (CARS) for early detection of subtle cognitive deficits in older people

BackgroundEarly cognitive deficits commonly seen in older people have not been well defined and managed in primary care. The objectives are (1) to develop and validate a new risk score to estimate the risk of dementia in Chinese older population; and (2) to evaluate the use of risk score in conjunction with cognitive screening in detecting early cognitive deficits in community older people.MethodsA development cohort of 306 cognitive healthy older adults aged 60 or above were followed for 6 years. A CARS was constructed using the estimated coefficients of risk factors associated with dementia at follow up. Validation was carried out in another five-year cohort of 383 older adults. The usefulness of CARS in detecting early cognitive deficits was evaluated.ResultsRisk factors include older age, male gender, low level of education, poorly controlled diabetes, prolonged sleep latency, fewer mind body or light exercise, loneliness, and being apolipoprotein e4 carriers. A cutoff of CARS at -1.3 had a sensitivity of 83.9% and a specificity of 75.4% to predict dementia. The area under curve was 82.5% in the development cohort. Early cognitive deficits were characterized by impaired retention (p <.001, 95% CI 0.2–0.9) and attention (p =.012, 95% CI 0.1–0.8).ConclusionThe CARS can be used as a standard risk assessment of dementia or in conjunction with a computerized cognitive screening to evaluate a full cognitive profile for detecting early cognitive deficits. The result put forward the integration of risk algorithm into smart healthcare system to provide personalized lifestyle interventions.

Factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin-G titer levels in convalescent whole-blood donors: a Chinese cross-sectional study

Blood transfusions from convalescent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients could be used to treat patients with severe infections or immunocompromised patients. However, it is necessary to select the optimal donors to maximize the utilization of resources. In this study, we investigated the associations among body mass index (BMI), tobacco smoking, exercise frequency and duration, and alcohol consumption with the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibody titer levels with in the Chinese convalescent blood donor population. Here we show that BMI, smoking habits, and exercise frequency appear to be predictive factors for IgG levels in convalescent male blood donors. However, these variables were not observed as predictive of IgG levels in female convalescent blood donors. The findings could be used to optimize the screening for potential blood donors to treat immunocompromised or severely ill COVID-19 patients.

Application of rehabilitation in gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with hepatitis B

The secondary dysfunction of hepatitis B is usually gastrointestinal dysfunction, motor dysfunction, sensory disorders, sleep disorders, and further aggravation may even lead to liver failure. Among them, gastrointestinal dysfunction is the main symptom that troubles patients and is not conducive to prognosis. In this paper, the application of traditional Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation in hepatitis B gastrointestinal dysfunction and related treatment mechanisms were reviewed. After studying related articles, it was found that: Traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation pays attention to the overall function of patients, emphasizes the coordination of heart and rest, and focuses on traditional Chinese medicine regulation, body exercises, massage techniques, acupuncture, acupoint application and other methods; Modern medical rehabilitation attaches importance to the ability of patients to return to society, and mainly adopts physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and other methods. Among them, traditional Chinese medicine has various rehabilitation methods for gastrointestinal dysfunction of hepatitis B, and most of the current research focuses on traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture. Modern medicine for rehabilitating this dysfunction, clinical research, and basic research are temporarily lacking. The rehabilitation method of integrated Chinese and Western medicine is more advantageous for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction of hepatitis B. This article will provide new ideas for the rehabilitation of patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction of hepatitis B.

The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training with Short Bursts of Work (≤30s) on Body Composition and Exercise Capacity in Overweight or Obese Adults: A Systematic Review

The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training with Short Bursts of Work (≤30s) on Body Composition and Exercise Capacity in Overweight or Obese Adults: A Systematic Review

Pushed by Sound: Effects of Sound and Movement Direction on Body Perception, Experience Quality, and Exercise Support

Wearables integrating movement sonification can support body-perception changes and relatedly physical activity; yet, we lack design principles for such sonifications. Through two mixed-methods studies, we investigate sound pitch and movement direction interaction effects on self-perception during squats exercises. We measured effects on body-perception, affective quality of the experience, actual and perceived movement, and compared them to two control conditions: no-sound and vibrotactile feedback. Results show that regardless of movement direction, ascending pitch enhances several body feelings and overall experience quality, while descending pitch increases movement acceleration. These effects were moderated by exercise physical demand. Sound and vibrotactile feedback enhanced flexibility and strength feelings respectively and contributed to exercise completion in different ways. Sound was perceived as an internal-to-body force while vibrotactile feedback as an external-to-body force. Feedback effects were stronger in people with lower fitness levels. We discuss results in terms of malleability of body-perceptions and highlight opportunities to support demanding physical activity through wearable devices.

Evaluation of the impact of overlapping upper gastrointestinal symptoms on the clinical characteristics of patients with functional constipation, along with risk factor analysis.

Functional constipation (FC), a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, is usually overlapping with upper gastrointestinal symptoms (UGS). We aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of patients with FC overlapping UGS along with the related risk factors. The differences in the severity of constipation symptoms, psychological state, quality of life (QoL), anorectal motility and perception function, autonomic function, and the effect of biofeedback therapy (BFT) among patients with FC in different groups were analyzed, along with the risk factors of overlapping UGS. Compared with patients with FC alone, those with FC overlapping UGS had higher scores in the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and lower scores in the Short Form-36 health survey (P < 0.05). Patients with FC overlapping UGS also had lower rectal propulsion, more negative autonomic nervous function, and worse BFT efficacy (P < 0.05). Overlapping UGS, especially overlapping functional dyspepsia, considerably affected the severity of FC. Logistic regression model showed that age, body mass index (BMI), anxiety, exercise, and sleep quality were independent factors influencing overlapping UGS in patients with FC. Overlapping UGS reduces the physical and mental health and the QoL of patients with FC. It also increases the difficulty in the treatment of FC. Patient's age, BMI, anxiety, physicalexercise, and sleep quality might be predictors for FCoverlapping UGS.

Self-Management Support Improves Diabetes Outcomes Without Exacerbating Inequities.

Previous research has found an association between low health literacy and poor clinical outcomes in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. We sought to determine if this association can be mitigated by a self-management support (SMS) program provided by trained health workers using a technology assisted menu driven program, called Connection to Health (CTH). This study is a secondary analysis from a randomized trial of 2 similar versions of CTH implemented in 12 Northern California community health centers. As part of this, each participant completed a single validated question to assess health literacy. We used unadjusted and adjusted linear regression analyses to determine the extent to which baseline health literacy was predictive of prepost changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Of 365 participants for whom prepost HbA1c data were available, HbA1c concentrations declined by an average of 0.76% (from 9.9% to 9.2%, 95% CI (0.53%-1.0%). Almost 114 (31.2%) of the participants had low health literacy, but there was no significant association between health literacy and the reduction in HbA1c concentrations in either the unadjusted or adjusted models, nor did baseline health literacy predict prepost changes in body mass index, medication adherence, exercise, or diet. The study found that implementing the CTH program in 2 versions via a randomized clinical trial improved HbA1c concentrations without increasing disparities between participants with high and low health literacy. This suggests CTH-like programs can enhance diabetes outcomes in community health centers without exacerbating inequities for those with low health literacy.

Skeletal muscle adaptations to high-intensity, low-volume concurrent resistance and interval training in recreationally active men and women.

This study compared the structural and cellular skeletal muscle factors underpinning adaptations in maximal strength, power, aerobic capacity, and lean body mass to a 12-week concurrent resistance and interval training program in men and women. Recreationally active women and men completed three training sessions per week consisting of high-intensity, low-volume resistance training followed by interval training performed using a variety upper and lower body exercises representative of military occupational tasks. Pre- and post-training vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were analyzed for changes in muscle fiber type, cross-sectional area, capillarization, and mitochondrial biogenesis marker content. Changes in maximal strength, aerobic capacity, and lean body mass (LBM) were also assessed. Training elicited hypertrophy of type I (12.9%; p = 0.016) and type IIa (12.7%; p = 0.007) muscle fibers in men only. In both sexes, training decreased type IIx fiber expression (1.9%; p = 0.046) and increased total PGC-1α (29.7%, p < 0.001) and citrate synthase (11.0%; p < 0.014) content, but had no effect on COX IV content or muscle capillarization. In both sexes, training increased maximal strength and LBM but not aerobic capacity. The concurrent training program was effective at increasing strength and LBM but not at improving aerobic capacity or skeletal muscle adaptations underpinning aerobic performance.

Under the Gun: Percussive Massage Therapy and Physical and Perceptual Recovery in Active Adults.

Handheld percussive massage devices (ie, massage guns) are a relatively new and under-researched recovery tool. These tools are intended to increase range of motion and reduce muscle soreness by delivering targeted vibration to soft tissues. Empirical knowledge about the potential influence of these devices on perceptual recovery and the recovery of performance characteristics after exercise is scarce. To investigate the effect of a 5-minute massage gun application, using a commercially available device, on physical and perceptual recovery after a strenuous bout of lower body exercise. Controlled laboratory study. Physiology laboratory. A total of 65 active young adults (age = 21.3 ± 1.4 years; age range = 18-30 years; 34 women: height = 165.8 ± 6.1 cm, mass = 66.0 ± 7.4 kg; 31 men: height = 181.1 ± 6.0 cm, mass = 81.5 ± 11.8 kg). Participants applied a massage gun on the calf muscles of 1 leg after strenuous exercise (massage gun recovery group) for 5 minutes and used no recovery intervention on the other leg (control group). Ankle range of motion, calf circumference, isometric strength, calf endurance, and perceived muscle soreness measures were collected at baseline and at various points after lower body exercise. No significant group × time interactions were recorded for any of the performance or perceptual measures (P values > .05). Effect sizes were mostly unclear, except for a small increase in perceived muscle soreness in the massage gun recovery group compared with the control group immediately (d = -0.35) and 4 hours (d = -0.48) postrecovery. Massage guns appeared to have little effect on physical measures when applied for 5 minutes immediately after strenuous calf exercise. Given the small increase in muscle soreness up to 4 hours after their use, caution is recommended when using massage guns immediately after strenuous lower body exercise.

골관절염 여성노인의 건강관련 삶의 질 영향요인

This research investigates factors impacting the health-related quality of life in elderly women with osteoarthritis. The study surveyed 1,855 participants using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2016 to 2020. Statistical analyses, conducted with SPSS/WIN 25, employed T-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), cross-analysis, and general linear analysis for descriptive statistics, along with Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Correlations between variables and the quality of life in elderly women with osteoarthritis were determined through correlation coefficients. Additionally, factors influencing the quality of life were analyzed using multiple regression analysis with general linear models. The study revealed significant differences in the quality of life based on demographic such as age, residence, marital status, education level, economic activity, depression, subjective health status, activity limitation, stress perception, smoking, body mass index, exercise, and aerobic activity. Similarly, there were statistically significant differences in the quality of life based on health-related characteristics, including age, residence, marital status, education level, economic activity, depression, subjective health status, activity limitation, stress perception, smoking, body mass index, exercise, and aerobic activity. The average quality of life score for participants was 0.82±0.18, with notable correlations found with age, subjective health status, and stress perception. Factors influencing health-related quality of life included having a spouse, higher household income, engagement in economic activity, lower age, and lower stress levels, as well as higher subjective health status. The model's explanatory power was 36.5%. Based on these findings, the study underscores the necessity for comprehensive and individualized nursing intervention programs.

Gender Difference in Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of Undergraduates in Tartous University, Syria

Introduction: Poor nutritional knowledge at early stage of life suggests developing poor dietary habits that later leads to obesity and attendant complications of non-communicable diseases. This study examined gender differences in nutritional knowledge, dietary pattern and the prevalence of overweight/obesity among students of a private tertiary institution in Tartous University, Syria. Materials and Method: A total of 214 students were used for this study and were selected from the six colleges of the university. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on personal and lifestyle characteristics, feeding pattern and physical activity. Weight and height measures were used to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test at 5% level of significance. Results: The mean age of the students was 20.89±3.89years. Monthly allowance of ≥500, 000.00 Syrian pound was received by 64% of the students; 79.9% and 78% of them had fathers and mothers respectively with university degree. Physical body exercise was not done by 40.2% of the students. More than two thirds (69.2%) of the students took &lt; 3meals/day and 59.8% of them skipped breakfast. Dietary diversity of the students showed 71.0% and 20.6% of average and high score respectively. The mean BMI was 24.60±3.70. The students had BMI &lt;25 (63.6%) and ≥25 (36.4%). Nutritional knowledge of the students reflected 10.7% (low), 72.9% (average) and 16.4% (high). There was no gender difference BMI, knowledge and dietary diversity. Conclusion: The study reveals inadequate nutritional knowledge, poor feeding habits and dietary diversity and high prevalence of overweight/obesity. Great emphasis needs to be given to nutrition education and promotion among university students.

Effects of a Whole Body Exercise Intervention for Junior High School Students With Intellectual Disabilities Who Were Clumsy: Changes in Coordination

Effects of a Whole Body Exercise Intervention for Junior High School Students With Intellectual Disabilities Who Were Clumsy: Changes in Coordination

The association between urbanization and adolescent depression in China.

With the rapid urbanization in many countries, more attention is being paid to the relationship between urbanization and mental health, especially depression. However, in countries with rapid urbanization, few empirical studies exist on the relationship between urbanization and adolescent depression. Nationally representative survey data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2012, 2016 and 2018 were used. Data of 1,588 adolescents were obtained from 25 provinces. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiology Studies of Depression 20-item score. The urbanization rate was obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics of China. The generalized estimating equation was used to estimate the statistical relationship. The participants' mean age at baseline was 15 years, and 51.2% (813/1,588) of participants were male. After adjusting for all covariates (gender, age, ethnicity, level of education, marital status, urban/rural areas, body mass index, self-rated health, academic pressure, smoking, drinking and exercise), the rate of urbanization was monotonically and negatively associated with adolescent depression (odds ratio 0.34, 95% CI [0.14-0.79]). Compared with female adolescents, male adolescents had a lower risk of depression (odds ratio 0.80, 95% CI [0.67-0.97]). In the context of China, urbanization has a positive effect on the mental health of adolescents. Female adolescents are more likely to experience depression than male adolescents.

The Effect of Breathing Relaxation Techniques and Body Exercise on the Physical and Mental Readiness of Third Trimester Pregnant Women at PMB S

Background: Pregnant women really need a fresh and fit body so they can carry out routines, practicing breathing relaxation techniques and body exercises (yoga) at this time are one of the self-help solutions that support the process of pregnancy, birth and child rearing. Purpose of Writing: to determine the effect of breathing relaxation techniques and body exercises on the physical and mental readiness of pregnant women in the third trimester Research Methods: This type of research uses a quasy experimental design with a one group pre-test post-test design, the sample in this study is 36 people in PMB S, Wilcoxon statistical analysis test.&#x0D; Research: There is an effect of breathing relaxation techniques and body exercise on the physical and mental readiness of third trimester pregnant women at PMB S with a p-value of 0.000 &lt;0.05. Conclusions and Suggestions: This research is expected to increase knowledge about breathing relaxation techniques and body exercises as an effort to prepare pregnant women physically and mentally for childbirth.