Concept Of Body Research Articles

Risk of Disordered Eating Among a Sample of Indian Adolescents: The Role of Online Activity, Social Anxiety and Social Support

Background: Although the concept of a slim body was first introduced in Western societies, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating became a globalized issue, and appeared in India and other Asian cultures as well. However, we know much less about the background variables in this region. Aim: To further examine potential risk and protective factors for disordered eating, we aimed to detect the role of online activity (smartphone addiction, time spent online), social anxiety and social support as well as Body Mass Index (BMI), academic performance, and sociodemographics in elevating the risk of disordered eating among a sample of Indian adolescents. Methods: This study employed 112 high school students (aged between 14–18 years; mean age = 16.01 years; SD = 1.08; 47.3% females) from a private high school located in Vadodara, India. Besides sociodemographics, weight and height (Body Mass Index, BMI), academic performance, and average screen time on weekdays/weekends) were asked. We used four different instruments for exploring the psychological variables: Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV), The Kutcher Generalized Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (K-GSADS-A), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: Using a cut-off score of 20 points, 9.8% of the students were evaluated as being at risk for disordered eating. Besides time spent online on weekdays, smartphone addiction, social anxiety and avoidance, and higher BMI scores elevated the risk of disordered eating in bivariate logistic regressions, while social support served as a protection. In the final multivariate model, only two factors remained significant contributors: being online on weekdays (risk) and being online on weekends (protection). Conclusion: These findings highlight the different roles of Internet use in the risk of disordered eating (weekdays: risky, weekend: protective) among this sample of Indian adolescents which can be explained by a possible shift in students’ social connections (from peers to family) during the different period of the week.

The body – friend or foe in dance? A critical reflection on the body through the Norwegian national curriculum renewal of the upper secondary school subject Dance Techniques

This article analyses different discursive positionings related to the body that emerged during the process of renewing the curriculum for the subject Dance Techniques, an in-depth study module in year one of the Programme Area for Dance in upper secondary education in Norway. The hearing process of renewing Dance Techniques uncovered deep tensions in how the body is understood and what position it is given within Norwegian dance education. The aim of this article is to locate different discursive positionings related to the concept of body to better understand these tensions. Through a critical discourse analysis, three rounds of consultation drafts and hearing comments are analysed. Theoretical perspectives connected to the bodily turn and the desired body in dance emerge inductively from the analysis. From the analysis it appears that there is a desire to disembody, disengage and desensitize the dancing body in the curriculum renewal process.

Devaluation of sports culture in the school environment

The objectives of this study were to analyze and identify probable relationships between sedentary behavior and physical inactivity in children and adolescents, with the predominance of the Cartesian body concept in the school environment and the lack of learning about sports culture in Physical Education classes in elementary school. The research was based on a qualitative transversal approach with the participation of 19 students aged between 14 and 17 years, both sexes. The information collection instrument – questionnaire – discursive question submitted to the adapted technique of discourse analysis. It was identified that the devaluation of sports culture, which are apparently physical activities, in the school environment from the predominance of Cartesian conception of the body and the absence of access and appropriation of sports culture during Physical Education classes can contribute to sedentary behavior and inactivity. physical activity of children and adolescent students.

The smart body concept as a demonstration of the overarching utility and benefits of 3D avatars in retail, health and wellbeing: an accuracy study of body measures from 3D reconstruction

Recent developments in 3D graphic technologies enable the affordable and precise reconstruction of body scanned models that can be applied in a variety of verticals, such as fashion, fitness and wellness, and healthcare. The accuracy of body measurements is a crucial element for the successful application of avatars in the following use cases: Avatars that go beyond visual representation and offer intrinsic and precise anthropometric data defined as a smart body are discussed in this paper. In particular, this paper presents the Gate technology, an innovative, autonomous, sustainable body scanner, coupled with an automatic production pipeline and the concept of avatars as smart bodies. We present an accuracy study of scanning technology for scanning inanimate objects, as well as body parts versus the ground, by using an established accuracy scanning system. The results appear to be promising and confirm the hypothesis of applying the technology to the use cases discussed as well as broadening the research to other studies and future applications.

Biomechanically Informed Bowing: Revisiting Rolland’s Principles of Violin Playing

The purpose of this article is to revisit the biomechanical concepts of Paul Rolland’s scholarship on bowing to provide a new framework of Rolland’s underlying bowing principles. First, we discuss how whole body movements help facilitate natural bowing, which can generate better tone efficiently from freedom of movement. Second, we attend to the movements of the bow arm, which can be conceptualized as the natural rotation of the arm. Third, we comment upon the concept of balance, concerning bow hold, leverage, and bow pressure while discussing the particulars of finger placement, its function in bowing, and balance and leverage in the bow arm. The concepts of whole body, movement, and balance should be considered in variable conditions considering the relationship between body parts and the whole. Also, the three biomechanical concepts are not independent or self-sufficient but correlated ideas. Not only do these ideas help with the acquisition of technical skills, but they also pave the way for a pleasing and natural tone quality as well as enhanced musical expression.

Virtual embodiment in physical realities

Discussions of embodiment in the virtual world mostly focus on online games and virtual reality technologies. By taking the case of Indonesian buzzers—persons employed to propagate opinions on certain issues or products—we argue that social media platforms also allow for virtual embodiment occurring within a Twitter cyberplace. This article theorizes virtual bodies by examining Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological approach. We also work with Boelstorff’s conception of chora and virtual bodies to argue that virtual bodies can be seen as a practical extension of physical bodies: a cyborg body. Intertwined within marketing relations, we then attempt to see how this amalgam of physical and virtual bodies is disciplined by panopticism, while briefly considering local Javanese particularities in shaping this discipline. Thus, through this examination of an Indonesian case, we bring up wider theoretical issues on social media, technologies of governance, and subjectivity.

Addressing Modernity from the Woods: Utopian Counter-Discourses in "Big Two-Hearted River"

Ernest Hemingway's "Big Two Hearted River" creates a utopian space for reimagining multiple senses of time, space, and embodiment. The story is not a mere escape into the woods to nourish the soul of the main character, Nick Adams. The text throughout keeps an eye on the structural forces (advanced technologies, techniques for controlling selves and collectives) homogenizing behavior, reductively streamlining concepts of place, objects, time, and bodies. The story carefully creates a counter-discourse (alternative structures), the aims of which are to facilitate embodiment (a human scale) and the possibility of engaging with forms of time and space that elude the processes of industrialization. Hemingway, through his open-ended style and increasingly embodied character, Nick, explores the possibility of relating to the world in a non-dominating, mindful way. The quality of consciousness mapped out are meant to be carried back to a modernist culture as a kind of revolution. Nick, then, is not a self so much as a revolutionary method.

Bedlam in the New World: A Mexican Madhouse in the Age of Enlightenment by Christina Ramos

Reviewed by: Bedlam in the New World: A Mexican Madhouse in the Age of Enlightenment by Christina Ramos Carole A. Myscofski christina ramos. Bedlam in the New World: A Mexican Madhouse in the Age of Enlightenment. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2022. Pp. xiv + 250. In Bedlam in the New World, Christina Ramos presents the amazingly complicated social history of San Hipólito, a "madhouse" in New Spain, without losing any of the complexity. With its focus on a single hospital for the pobres dementes (demented, impoverished men) in Mexico City, this clearly written and deeply researched book brings new insights and much-needed coherence to the study of concepts of mind and body and the social support for the mentally ill in the colonial world. Integrating resources from the archives of the colonial government, civil and Inquisitorial courts, and the hospital itself, the book challenges the marginalization of colonial New Spain in both the history of the Enlightenment and in the development of psychiatry and sheds new light on the interlaced institutions of medicine and the religious and secular authorities in that era. In the Introduction, Ramos proposes that San Hipólito may be seen as a microcosm of changing attitudes toward mental illness, religious power, and the colonial social system. According to its mandate, San Hipólito provided primary healthcare for peaceful and violent patients alike and reflected a colonial social order that both honored charitable donors and repressed the impoverished. It also promoted new medical treatments for dementia and insanity, eventually responding to Enlightenment ideals developed by both secular and religious thinkers in the colony. Ramos argues that by the late 1700s, Roman Catholic leaders had joined the educated elite in advocating for increased attention to colonial organization, social welfare, and "the rule of reason over superstition" (9). In the first two chapters, Ramos outlines the rise, decline, and renovation of San Hipólito as a shelter for the mentally ill. The Brothers of San Hipólito, from their beginnings in 1578, viewed mental illness as a physical and spiritual malady and so nursed their patients with rudimentary medical treatments and religious instruction. Funded by a penitent Conquistador and other wealthy donors, San Hipólito first offered convalescent care, but then shifted to shelter pobres dementes under a medieval model of charity and hospitality linked with imperial and religious paternalism. But its focus on the needy poor failed to eliminate its use as a shelter for more elite men, and meager resources may have encouraged the admission of a larger proportion of elite and American-born Spanish men. After decades of neglect, San Hipólito finally secured funding from the church and state in the late 1700s, and the hospital and its religious order [End Page 351] underwent reform to reflect an increasingly "rational and efficient approach to the management of mental disease" (51). Ramos argues that the hospital represented efforts from the Spanish Enlightenment to improve social and physical welfare for all residents, inspired by reorganization of the Spanish Empire by Charles III. The Brothers of San Hipólito had at first only "modest success" in their own reforms, mostly because their hospital was beset by fires, flooding, earthquakes, and waves of epidemics (57). Taxes and fees were earmarked to support a new building with a newly centralized purpose, but still more elite men were admitted alongside the indigent for the spiritual shelter of this lone mental hospital. In Chapters 3 and 4, Ramos presents a series of remarkable cases drawn from religious courts to illustrate the dilemmas created by changing models for medicalization of the mentally ill in the late 1700s. The Spanish Inquisition, despite its legendary mistreatment of suspects, increasingly relied on medical experts and not only advocated for medical treatment, but also accepted melancholy and violent rage as mental conditions that might excuse sinful acts. The inquisitors spent little time hunting for alleged criminals, but instead investigated denunciations of "offensive speech, sexual impropriety, and practices labeled superstitious," such as sorcery, among the colonists (85). The Inquisition struggled to prove or eliminate suspicions of mental illness and reviewed the impact of intent, desire, motive, and madness, before determining innocence or guilt...

The significance of dynamic mind-body cultivation of Li—based on archetypal mind-body mutual shaping development theory

Li (礼) in Chinese culture is an integrated concept of mind and body. Based on C. G. Jung’s idea of mind-body unity, post-Jungians’ archetypal image schema and Chinese self-cultivation view, the study attempts to construct an archetypal mind-body mutual shaping development model in the hope of providing wisdom and theoretical support for the dynamic mind-body cultivation process through Li and its significance for psychological healing, so as to make Li more contemporary and inherited.

Leib mehr als Körper. Bemerkungen zu Edith Steins Anthropologie

‘What is the human being?’ Edith Stein (1891-1942), master-disciple of Husserl, developed a remarkable phenomenology, especially in refer to the interrelation of human body, soul, self-concept, and divine giftedness. In German the conception of body is twofold: It can be understood as „Körper“, that means as an objective entity, or instrument. And body can be understood in a deeper sense: as „Leib“ = living body, etymologically related to Leben (life), including soul, integrating spirit – while „Körper“ could be also a dead body. Leib reveals itself ascending from the non-living to the living entities, from vegetative and animal life to human being including freedom and self-consciousness. Therefrom human being can activate its access to the creative origin, to the original light. This is Edith Stein’s answer to the auto-construction of an I, which regards its own body only as an instrument or masque on a meaningless stage.

Anatomizing the pulse: Edmund King’s analogy, observation and conception of the tubular body

ABSTRACT In an unpublished anatomical treatise written around 1670, the English anatomist and fellow of the Royal Society of London Edmund King proposed that the human body was ultimately an assemblage of tubes and contained liquids. Without literally seeing every of its constituents to be tubular, how did King come to posit a tubular body? This article tackles the question by examining King’s inquiry about the pulse against his framing of the circulatory system into a universally tubular model. Asking how King registered this model despite the limited visibility of vascularity in practice, I discuss the place of analogy in his anatomical observation. I argue that analogy constituted an essential strategy for extending what King had perceived to account for the hardly perceptible nuances of the human body. I concentrate on two of his analogies, in which the artery was compared to the cord and the ureter. These two analogies revealed remarkable epistemic potency in representing and reasoning the pulse as the inherent motion of the living artery. They suggest that in seventeenth-century observation accounts, analogy was not simply a rhetoric suspicious of violating the principle of scientific empiricism; rather, they opened up ways of seeing and imagining nature.

Shaking the Leaves of Identity

This article seeks to present a study of gender and sexuality based on an Indigenous and theologically interpreted understanding of ourselves, wonderfully made by God, who formed our inward parts and knit us together in our mother’s wombs. If we understand personhood in general and gender in particular to be a matter of lived experience rather than merely a matter of physicality, biology, and physiology, then our hearts and our spirits can be open to experiencing all people as Creator made them rather than through very limiting, merely mortal definitions. This article accesses the lived experience of Anglican Archdeacon Venerable Rosalyn Kantlaht’ant Elm, born of the Oneida Nation, Bear Clan, whose name Kantlaht’ant means “One who Shakes the Leaves,” and who is identified by the Haudenosaunee term laksá. The concept of the Resurrection Body from Pauline scripture and a traditional hermeneutical lens are used to affirm that all that Creator makes has been, is, and always shall be glorious.

Notes on Contributors

Notes on Contributors

Gender and the Monstrous-Feminine: Subversion in Naomi Alderman’s The Power

Abstract Naomi Alderman’s speculative fiction novel The Power (2016) centers on a newfound supernatural ability in women: shooting lightning with their hands. A critical reading of this biologically determined ability is needed to assess Alderman’s conception of the female body. While the corruption of women in the novel demonstrates that reversing power structures would not be an adequate solution to gender-based oppression, a unique perspective on the skein can be discerned by employing the psychoanalytic framework of the monstrous-feminine archetype. By tracking the development of the archetype in the novel, from the seemingly feminist witch through its (d)evolution into the phallic woman, this essay will argue that the abjectification of the female body in the novel works strategically to denounce the gender binary itself.

Postdigital Fashion.

The Digital era ended bequeathing remarkable technological advancements and numerous queries related to the critical evolution between productive activities and the survival of human beings on planet Earth. In a scenario where the fashion industry is considered one of the relevant players, postdigital fashion emerge with interesting design strategies and fabrication tools that open up new possibilities for more equal and sustainable development. To outline desirable future directions, the research PostDigital Manufacturing Processes. Body Hacking for Productive Systems has examined fifty designer cases studies. In these selected design studios, computational design, wearable technologies, biomaterials, and virtual interfaces are involved in redesigning the fashion role and the whole concept of the human body as a hybrid in the intersection between physical and digital realms.

Senior female celebrity's body and ageing well discourse on Instagram

Society expects women always to maintain their physical appearance throughout the ages. We can see this condition from the public's view of senior female celebrities, an example of successful ageing or ageing well. This study explores the visual discourse of femininity over the age of 50, which emerges from the Instagram accounts of senior female celebrities. Multimodal critical discourse analysis was conducted on images and texts to reveal dominant themes and rhetorical elements inherent in the femininity of senior female celebrities. The concepts of representation, body and femininity, ageism, and social media analyse alternative discourse related to ageing femininity. This study denotes that the ageing discourse of senior female celebrities reflects the dialectic of realising or revising sexist and ageist ideas about how women look after they reach old age.

Isoperimetric inequalities in unbounded convex bodies

We consider the problem of minimizing the relative perimeter under a volume constraint in an unbounded convex body C ⊂ R n C\subset \mathbb {R}^{n} , without assuming any further regularity on the boundary of C C . Motivated by an example of an unbounded convex body with null isoperimetric profile, we introduce the concept of unbounded convex body with uniform geometry. We then provide a handy characterization of the uniform geometry property and, by exploiting the notion of asymptotic cylinder of C C , we prove existence of isoperimetric regions in a generalized sense. By an approximation argument we show the strict concavity of the isoperimetric profile and, consequently, the connectedness of generalized isoperimetric regions. We also focus on the cases of small as well as of large volumes; in particular we show existence of isoperimetric regions with sufficiently large volumes, for special classes of unbounded convex bodies. We finally address some questions about isoperimetric rigidity and analyze the asymptotic behavior of the isoperimetric profile in connection with the notion of isoperimetric dimension.

The Kantian account of mechanical explanation of natural ends in eighteenth and nineteenth century biology

The rise of the mechanistic worldview in the seventeenth century had a major impact on views of biological generation. Many seventeenth century naturalists rejected the old animist thesis. However, the alternative view of gradual mechanistic formation in embryology didn’t convince either. How to articulate the peculiarity of life? Researchers in the seventeenth century proposed both “animist” and mechanistic theories of life. In the eighteenth century again a controversy in biology arose regarding the explanation of generation. Some adhered to the view that life is a physical property of matter (e.g. Buffon), others saw living entities as the result of the development of pre-existing germs (e.g. Bonnet). Naturalists, lacked a convincing account that could guide their research. In interaction with leading naturalists of his time Immanuel Kant articulated an approach to explaining generation. Kant’s account, delineated in his Kritik der Urteilskraft (Critique of the power of judgment) (1790), is a combination of Newtonian non-reductionist mechanism in explanation, and a concept of natural end comparable to Stahl’s formal conception of organic bodies. It consists of two claims: a) in biology only mechanical explanation is explanatory, and b) living entities contain some original organisation, which is mechanically unexplainable. In the nineteenth century this approach influenced naturalists as Müller, Virchow, and Von Baer, in their physiological research. Dissatisfied with a sheer mechanistic or, on the other hand, a sheer teleological approach, they appreciated the Kantian account of mechanical explanation of natural ends. In Germany, in the second halve of the nineteenth century, Ernst Haeckel reopened the debate about abiogenesis, which still continuous.

Лингвокультурная специфика репрезентирования телесности (на примере русского и английского юмористического дискурса)

The article focuses on exploring the specific features of body representation in Russian and English jokes. The purpose of the study was to identify linguocultural features of body representation in humorous discourse through analysing the meanings of the lexical unit body, which verbalizes the concept of body in the Russian and English languages. The lexico-semantic, conceptual and interpretative analyses revealed that this concept is represented in the linguistic worldviews of Russian and English linguocultures through common obligatory conceptual signs, such as materiality/tactility, integrity/ partibility and aliveness/deadness. It was established that the obligatory semantic (conceptual) sign of tactility is represented by verbs of perception and is common for both linguocultures, thus eliminating ambiguity in interpretation of jokes. The conceptual sign of integrity/partibility is expressed in the two linguocultures by nominating and redefining the functions of such body parts as the brain, face and liver in Russian linguoculture, and eyes, brain and liver in English linguoculture. The primary mean of representing the conceptual sign of integrity/partibility include metaphors, phraseological units, dark humour, as well as negative and evaluative judgements, all of which often lead to translation mistakes and communication failures. The semantic sign of aliveness/deadness is represented differently in the studied linguocultures. This can be accounted for by the fact that its linguoculture-specific representation mainly depends on contextual connotations and on the culture-specific ‘expected/unexpected’ effect, which is characteristic of humorous discourse.

Body Hacking and Conceptions of Corporeality

This paper is the culmination of my independent research into the phenomenon of "body hacking": DIY techno-body modification that typically involves the surgical embedding of electronic or computing devices into the body. Body hackers are operating largely within a transhumanist vision (body hacing to improve and/or transcend the self or the human condition) and outside of traditional medical institutions. My paper addresses conceptions of the hacked body, including the deliberate and physical transition into "cybrog" and the blurred line of "humanness" that comes from a surgical merge with technology. I focus on the perspectives on corporeality that come from body hackers themselves; I find that there are varying opinions within the body hacking community on the value of the material body. Many body hackers aim to transcend or render obsolete the physical body - in search of a more enlightened or convenient existence, for example - but others see body hacking as a practice that makes them more human. Many body hackers see the physical human condition as a very limited one that is in need of improvement. My paper explores these perspectives and presents a nuanced picture of the modern body hacking philosophy, as a fascinating example of the interface between materiality/coroporeality and technology.