Body Composition Research Articles

Biomarkers of dietary PUFA intake in childhood and adolescence in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors in young adulthood: a prospective cohort study in Sweden.

PUFAs, especially from vegetable fat sources, have been suggested to contribute to weight regulation and be protective to cardiometabolic health. However, a few longitudinal studies on childhood exposure are available, with short follow-up time and conflicting results. To study the relationship between plasma proportions of PUFA in childhood and adolescence and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adulthood, such as obesity, body composition, blood pressure (BP), and blood lipids in a prospective cohort study. We included n = 688 participants of the BAMSE (Barn, Allergi, Miljö, Stockholm, Epidemiologi) cohort in Stockholm, Sweden, with data on plasma phospholipid proportions of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids [α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, docosapentaenoic acid, DHA, linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA)] at 8 and 16 y and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass %, BP, and blood lipids at 24 y. Associations between PUFAs and cardiometabolic health outcomes were assessed with sex-stratified multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression models. In females, LA and ALA at 16 y were inversely associated with BMI [B: -0.35 (-0.54, -0.17) and B: -6.1 (-11, -1.5), respectively], and similarly with waist circumference and fat mass at 24 y. Also in females, LA was inversely associated with BP, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol), and total cholesterol (e.g., B -0.044 [-0.079, -0.0099] for LA at 16 y and LDL-cholesterol), whereas ALA was only inversely associated with LDL-cholesterol. No associations were found between long chain n-3 fatty acids or AA and any of the studied outcomes. Plasma phospholipid proportions of LA and ALA, biomarkers of vegetable oil intake, during childhood and adolescence were inversely associated with measures of obesity and cardiometabolic health in young adulthood, with a potential sex difference. These findings accord with short-term feeding trials suggesting a possible preventive role of LA on body fat accumulation.

The implications of bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in older adults with hip fractures.

The implications of bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in older adults with hip fractures.

The Influence of martial arts training on the body composition and cardiovascular fitness of college students and the medical imaging assessment of arterial stiffness

The Influence of martial arts training on the body composition and cardiovascular fitness of college students and the medical imaging assessment of arterial stiffness

Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide in Weight Loss of Non-diabetic People.

The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in weight loss in non-diabetic people. In this study, 84 non-diabetic people who used semaglutide to lose weight in the outpatient department of our hospital from January 1, 2022, to June 30, 2022, were enrolled and compared for changes in body weight, waist circumference, Body Mass Index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, pulse, and body composition (body fat ratio, visceral fat area, and skeletal muscle) before treatment and 12 weeks after the treatment to analyze the weight loss efficacy and safety. After administering semaglutide 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg, or 1 mg subcutaneously once a week for 12 weeks, 84 participants in this study obtained an average weight loss of 5.91 ± 3.37 kg, equivalent to 6.15 ± 4.28% of baseline body weight, and there was also a significant reduction in visceral fat area and a slight reduction in blood pressure. The most common adverse reactions included gastrointestinal reactions (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), which were mild and subsided within 1-2 days. No severe adverse reaction, such as hypoglycemia and hypotension, was observed. Low-dose semaglutide has been found to be effective and safe for short-term weight loss in non-diabetic people.

Long-term follow-up of the impact of brief sleep and lifestyle interventions in infancy on BMI z-score at 11 years of age: The POI randomized controlled trial.

To determine whether BMI differences observed at 5 years of age, from early intervention in infancy, remained apparent at 11 years. Participants (n = 734) from the original randomized controlled trial (n = 802) underwent measures of body mass index (BMI), body composition (DXA), sleep and physical activity (24-h accelerometry, questionnaire), diet (repeated 24-h recalls), screen time (daily diaries), wellbeing (CHU-9D, WHO-5), and family functioning (McMaster FAD) around their 11th birthday. Following multiple imputation, regression models explored the effects of two interventions ('Sleep' vs. 'Food, Activity and Breastfeeding' [FAB]) using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Five hundred twelve children (48% female, mean [SD] age 11.1 [0.1] years) returned for the 11-year assessment (63% of original sample). Significant differences in BMI z-score (mean difference; 95% CI: -0.16; -0.41, 0.08) or the risk of overweight (including obesity) (odds ratio; 95% CI: 0.85; 0.56, 1.29) were no longer observed between children who had received the sleep intervention compared with those who had not. By contrast, children who had received the FAB intervention had greater BMI z-scores (0.24; 0.01, 0.47) and a higher risk of obesity (1.56; 1.03, 2.36) than children not enrolled in FAB. No significant differences were observed in any lifestyle variables nor wellbeing measures across all groups. Sustained reductions in BMI and obesity risk from an early sleep intervention were not apparent 9 years later, whereas a more traditional lifestyle intervention resulted in increased rates of obesity, not explained by any differences in lifestyle behaviours measured. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00892983, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00892983.

The effect of different dietary canthaxanthin levels on water quality parameters, growth performance, biochemical indices, immunological responses, body composition, and metabolic profiles of oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense)

The effect of different dietary canthaxanthin levels on water quality parameters, growth performance, biochemical indices, immunological responses, body composition, and metabolic profiles of oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense)

Association of changes in appendicular skeletal muscle mass with weight loss and visceral fat reduction after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) drastically affects body composition. However, studies focusing on the association between the changes in the pre-and postoperative muscle mass and postoperative results are limited. We evaluated the association between changes in the muscle mass and weight loss and fat reduction. This retrospective study included 29 consecutive patients who underwent both LSG and a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) consecutively. We investigated changes in the body composition on the BIA and visceral fat area (VFA) on computed tomography and correlational changes in muscle mass with weight loss and fat reduction. The total weight loss (%TWL) 12months after surgery was 30.9%. The VFAs pre- and postoperatively were 224 and 71.0cm2, respectively. The fat mass (FM), percentage of FM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) decreased from pre- to postoperatively (54.8 vs. 32.2kg; 49.0 vs. 41.2%, 26.7 vs. 23.9kg, 9.24 vs. 8.27, respectively), whereas the percentage of ASM (%ASM) increased (22.1 vs. 28.0%). The rate of change in %ASM positively correlated with weight loss and fat reduction (%TWL, rs = 0.65; %VFA loss, rs = 0.62). The rate of change in %ASM was positively correlated with weight loss and fat reduction.

Effects of dietary Spirulina platensis supplementation on growth performance, whole body composition, antioxidant activity, histological alterations, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Effects of dietary Spirulina platensis supplementation on growth performance, whole body composition, antioxidant activity, histological alterations, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Comparative lipidomic profiling in adolescents with obesity and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Comparative lipidomic profiling in adolescents with obesity and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Exploring the Relationships between Sex Hormones and Abdominal Muscle Area and Radiodensity in Postmenopausal Women: Insights from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Exploring the Relationships between Sex Hormones and Abdominal Muscle Area and Radiodensity in Postmenopausal Women: Insights from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Age-Related Differences in Adaptation of Lean Body Mass, Muscle Strength, and Performance Following 6 Weeks of Blood Flow Restriction Training in Young and Older Adults.

The primary objective was to test the influence of age on lean body mass (LBM), muscle strength, and isokinetic performance adaptation following a 6-week blood-flow restriction training (BFRT) intervention. A total of 38 young adults (23.5±3.1) and 34 older adults (72.7±5.5) completed a 6-week BFRT program. Exercises were performed three times per week at 30% of 1-repetition maximums (1-RMs) and 60% of each limb's arterial occlusion pressure. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle strength was measured using 1-RMs, and muscular performance was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. A significant increase in LBM was observed in young adults (0.9±1.5kg; p<0.001) but not in older adults (0.3±1.3kg; p>0.05) following the intervention. Both age groups significantly improved 1-RMs for knee extension, knee flexion, and chest press, with the young group displaying greater improvements (all ps<0.001). A significant increase in knee flexion torque and power was observed in young adults (all ps<0.001) but not in older adults, while a significant difference between groups was observed (p<0.05). The results from our study suggest that young adults improve LBM and muscle performance following 6-weeks of BFRT, while older adults enhance performance, despite a lack of improvement in LBM. Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05615831.

Corrigendum to ‘Body Composition, Vascular Health, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Lung Function, Muscle Architecture, and Physical Activity in People with Young Onset Dementia: A Case-Control Study’ [The American Journal of Medicine. 138:02 (2025) 277-286.e1

Corrigendum to ‘Body Composition, Vascular Health, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Lung Function, Muscle Architecture, and Physical Activity in People with Young Onset Dementia: A Case-Control Study’ [The American Journal of Medicine. 138:02 (2025) 277-286.e1

Research on the Dynamic Modeling of Rigid–Flexible Composite Spacecraft Under Fixed Constraints Based on the ANCF

Dynamically modeling the flexible characteristics of large-scale jointed composite spacecraft is challenging. In this study, a dynamic modeling method for rigid–flexible composite spacecraft is proposed based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). First, the spacecraft in the jointed composite is simplified as a rigid body, and the docking mechanisms between spacecraft are approximated using the fully parameterized beam model. Next, regarding the constraints between the beam and the rigid body, the beam’s absolute nodal coordinates are converted into rigid body coordinates. This allows the dynamic equations to be simplified using independent coordinates, reducing the model dimension. Finally, system damping is increased through the mean stress noise reduction method, which suppresses high-frequency components in the dynamic model and further reduces the rigidity of the dynamic equations for the composite body. This modeling method decreases the complexity of the composite body dynamics and avoids the difficulty of solving algebraic–differential equations exhibited by Lagrange multiplier methods, facilitating numerical simulations. The proposed method is applicable to both tree and mesh topologies. MATLAB simulations demonstrate that the proposed dynamic model alleviates the dimensionality disaster caused by conventional algorithms, significantly reducing computation time. The simulation results are consistent with ADAMS. The proposed model exhibits displacement errors less than 1 mm, highlighting its efficiency and accuracy.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and incidence of dementia among older adults.

Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM) has profound impacts on cardiovascular events and mortality, yet its association with dementia risk remains poorly understood. To investigate associations between CKM and dementia risk. The prospective cohort study is within the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study, which enrolled participants from 1997 to 1998, with a 15-year follow-up for incident dementia. The population-based study took place in two US communities in Memphis, Tennessee, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Of the 3,075 participants aged 70 to 79 years initially enrolled, 14 were excluded for lacking baseline cognitive assessment, 308 for baseline cognitive impairment, 4 for missing follow-up, and 108 for missing CKM data, resulting in 2,641 in the analysis. CKM staging, as defined recently by the American Heart Association framework, was based on constructs comprising dysfunctional adiposity, metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dementia was identified using hospital records, prescriptions for dementia medication, and a test of global cognition. Adjusted Cox and Fine-Gray proportional hazards models were used to estimate dementia risk and account for competing risk of death. The 2,641 participants had a mean (SD) age of 74 (2.8) years at baseline; 53 % were female, 36 % were of Black race, and had a range of baseline CKM: 3 % Stage 0 (no CKM), 4 % Stage 1 (excess/dysfunctional adiposity), 26 % Stage 2 (metabolic risk factors), 24 % Stage 3 (subclinical CVD and CKD), and 43 % Stage 4 (clinical CVD and CKD). Compared to participants with CKM Stages 0-2, those with CKM Stages 3-4 had a 50 % increase in dementia risk (hazard ratio 1.50, 95 % CI 1.20 to 1.86) in the fully adjusted model. The association remained significant after additional adjustment for metabolic risk factors, CVD, and CKD, both separately and together. Accounting for competing risk of death yielded similar results. Among community-dwelling older adults, advanced CKM is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Older adults with CKM may need to be followed closely for adverse cognitive outcomes, and modifiable risk factors should be managed proactively.

The role of trunk region body composition in lumbar spine bone mineral content and density

The role of trunk region body composition in lumbar spine bone mineral content and density

Glucose and energy metabolism are impaired in mice deficient for orexins.

The present study aims to investigate the impact of orexin deficiency on the regulation of energy and glucose metabolism using a mouse model depleted for the prepro-orexin gene. Our data reveal that, despite a decrease of food consumption (at least in males), orexin deficiency induces a significant increase in body weight that is associated with an alteration of the body composition, as males and females orexin deficient mice display an increased fat mass compared to the wild-type littermates. Nevertheless, no significant differences of global energy expenditure and locomotor activity were observed in the mutant mice relative to the control. Glucose homeostasis is also impaired in the absence of orexins, since glucose tolerance and insulin secretion are diminished, and insulin sensitivity is slightly reduced. In addition, the livers of the male orexin-KO mice are significantly larger and heavier with more adipose tissue than the wild type mice. Interestingly, orexin-deficient mice present an upregulation of liver enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis and a down-regulation of GCK, an enzyme which promotes glycogen storage, that may participate to the altered glucose metabolism of the orexin mutant mice. To conclude, the present study indicates that orexin deficiency induces profound alteration in the regulation of energy and glucose metabolism, which is more pronounced in males than in females. These findings support the idea that dysfunction of this orexin system may promote obesity and diabetes, and could represent an interesting therapeutic target in the context of 'diabesity'.

Effects of 8-week Theracurmin Super (TS-P1; Curcumin) supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel clinical trial

Effects of 8-week Theracurmin Super (TS-P1; Curcumin) supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel clinical trial

Abstract No. 98 Personalizing TIPS Care: Machine Learning–Driven CT Body Composition for Predicting Post-procedural Hepatic Encephalopathy

Abstract No. 98 Personalizing TIPS Care: Machine Learning–Driven CT Body Composition for Predicting Post-procedural Hepatic Encephalopathy

Sexual dimorphism in exercise-induced response on steroid hormones to a 24-week supervised concurrent training intervention.

Steroid hormones are key mediators of adaptative responses to exercise, a stimulus that may concurrently affect their blood concentrations. However, the chronic endocrine adaptations and whether these potential changes are dependent on exercise intensity remain undetermined. Moreover, it is also unknown if the exercise-induced effects on steroid hormonal status are related to the participant' sex. This study aimed to investigate the intensity effects of a 24-week supervised concurrent training intervention on steroid hormones in sedentary young men and women. A total of 106 untrained young adults (68% women) aged 18-25 years were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: (I) Control group (no exercise; n = 35); (II) Ex-Moderate group (concurrent training at moderate intensity; n = 36); (III) Ex-Vigorous group (concurrent training at vigorous intensity; n = 35). Steroid hormones (i.e. cortisol, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)) were measured in plasma through a chemiluminescent method. Body composition parameters were determined using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner. No significant changes in steroid hormones levels were observed after the intervention (all p ≥ .129). However, a time x group interaction was noted in the testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C ratio) only in women (p = .044). Concretely, our data showed a significant decrement of T/C ratio in both the Ex-Moderate group and in the Ex-Vigorous compared with the control group (Δ = -24.2 ± 2.0% and Δ = -38.9 ± 45.4%, respectively). Our 24-week supervised concurrent training intervention showed no significant changes in steroid hormone levels. However, a significant decrement of T/C ratio was observed only in women, indicating a sexual dimorphism in the effect on T/C ratio.

19P Body composition measures as a determinant of trastuzumab deruxtecan related toxicity and response

19P Body composition measures as a determinant of trastuzumab deruxtecan related toxicity and response