Body Composition Parameters Research Articles

DXA-Measured Total and Regional Body Composition in Female Athletes with a Physical Impairment

Background/Objectives: In recent years, awareness has been growing regarding the needs of female athletes with physical impairments. Despite the importance from both health and performance perspectives of assessing body composition in this athletic population, there is limited literature focusing on this topic. This study explored whole-body and regional three-compartment body composition in female athletes with a physical impairment to assess the impact of impairment and sex on body composition parameters in this population. Methods: Twenty female athletes with a physical impairment were pair-matched by age with an able-bodied female athlete and a male athlete with a comparable physical impairment. All athletes underwent whole-body scanning with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Female athletes with physical impairments showed body composition changes including higher amounts of fat mass, particularly in the lower body regions. Among athletes with a physical impairment, sex showed an independent effect on whole-body composition, with females showing higher fat mass and lower lean mass and bone mineral content compared with males, especially in the legs. Conclusions: Female athletes with physical impairments had a distinct body composition profile, characterized by sex-specific distribution of body tissue at the regional level. Nutritional and training strategies aimed at optimizing body composition in female athletes with physical impairments should be specifically tailored to meet the needs of this athletic population.

Body composition and physical performance of mountain bike athletes

Body composition is a determining factor in the physical performance of cyclists, directly influencing efficiency and power during competitions. Understanding these aspects can help optimize training and maximize results. This study aimed to analyze the influence of body composition on physical performance in mountain bike athletes. His cross-sectional study evaluated 83 mountain bike athletes (11 females, 39.60 ± 11.52 years). Body composition assessment was carried out using bioimpedance analysis. Participants performed the standing long jump and handgrip strength tests, to assess their strength of the lower and upper limbs, respectively. Finally, we measured the completion time of a Mountain Bike Marathon, with the distance of 75 km). Pearson’s correlation was analyzed to verify the influence of body composition on race time and physical performance tests. The race time was 168.14 ± 30.85 min. Standing long jump and handgrip strength tests were significantly correlated with all body composition parameters. Additionally, race time was significantly correlated with body fat percentage (r = 0.415, p = 0.000), skeletal muscle mass (r = − 0.427, p = 0.000), total body water (r = − 0.400, p = 0.000), intracellular water (r = − 0.420, p = 0.000), and extracellular water (r = − 0.370,p = 0.000). Body composition has a significant influence on the physical performance of mountain bike cyclists, with body water and muscle mass positively correlated with performance and body fat negatively correlated. A higher percentage of fat results in longer race times, while greater muscle mass and hydration result in shorter race times.

The association between body composition and overall survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Nutritional status is associated with prognosis in a variety of cancers. Studies analyzing the association between the measurements of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue obtained from Computerized Tomography (CT) images at the time of diagnosis of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and overall survival (OS) are relatively few. Data from 425 patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC between January 2016 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, with an average follow-up of 15.3 months. To outline the patient’s chest CT plain image at the time of diagnosis,skeletal muscle and subcutaneous fat at the level of both thoracic vertebrae were quantified in terms of mass and quantity by the pectoral muscle index (PMI), pectoral muscle density (PMD), subcutaneous fat index (SFI), subcutaneous fat density (SFD), paravertebral muscle index (PVMI), and paravertebral muscle density (PVMD). The SFI value in the female survival group is significantly lower than that in the death group (P = 0.049), and the PVMI value in the overall survival group is significantly lower than that in the death group (P < 0.001). After adjusting for clinical variables such as gender, smoking status, clinical staging, degree of differentiation, and radiotherapy history, the multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that an increase in SFI significantly improves the overall survival rate of patients (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.410, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.042–1.908, P = 0.026). Conversely, a decrease in PVMD is significantly associated with improved overall survival and prognosis (HR = 0.762, 95% CI: 0.579–0.982, P = 0.048). No association was found between body mass index (BMI) and chest muscle status indicators and overall survival (P > 0.05). CT-measured body composition parameters provide precise prognostic information and are superior to BMI; an increased OS rate in advanced NSCLC is associated with a greater SFI and a lower PVMD.

P0987 Muscle function deficits in Crohn’s Disease patients treated with Infliximab - tertiary single centre experience

Abstract Background Sarcopenia is an important consideration in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in both prognosis and treatment. Since current data on sarcopenia in IBD are limited and based mostly on muscle quantity, it’s important to incorporate muscle function assessment into the evaluation of sarcopenia and to identify patient groups at increased risk. Methods A cross-sectional study included 84 Crohn’s Disease (CD) patients undergoing Infliximab therapy (64 males, mean age 34). Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (InBody170) was done to estimate body composition parameters (BCP) which were then adjusted for height squared. Muscle strength was assessed by hand grip strength (HGS), measured using a dynamometer and muscle performance by gait speed test. Results Our results revealed that 6% of patients were underweight, 44% had normal body weight, 36.9% were overweight, and 13.2% obese. None of the patients exhibited low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), however, half showed reduced muscle strength relative to age and sex adjusted norms in the general population. In relation to HGS, we found no significant differences in BCP, except for SMI (p=0.02) and body mass index (p=0.03), which were higher in patients with normal HGS. There were no differences between the groups in terms of physical activity levels, disease phenotype, prior surgeries, extraintestinal manifestations, clinical and endoscopic remission status. We observed significant differences in muscle quantity and quality based on disease localisation. Patients with ileocolonic CD had higher SMI (11.25±1.5 vs. 9.51±1.2 kg/m2, p=0.009) and HGS (41.1±6.6 vs. 31±6.7 kg, p=0.006) compared to those with colonic CD. Patients requiring biologic therapy due to immunosuppressive resistance had higher fat free mass index (19.4±2.4 vs. 18.2±3 kg/m2, p=0.05) and HGS (44.2 (24.9-45.3) vs. 39.3 kg (13.6-54.3), p=0.03), compared to patients on biologic therapy due to corticosteroid dependence or aggressive phenotype requiring top down approach. Patients diagnosed before 16 and after 40 years of age had lower gait speed (p=0.002), reflecting worse muscle performance. Conclusion Disease localisation, age at diagnosis and disease severity, as reflected by the indication for biologic therapy, may influence muscle composition and function. Our results emphasize the need for different and individualized management strategies based on disease localisation, especially in supporting muscle health among patients with isolated colonic CD and need for age-specific interventions, mainly in early and late onset CD, to support physical performance in these populations.

P0616 ViT-based deep learning and unsupervised clustering analysis in Crohn’s Disease based on body composition to identify distinct phenogroups and predict the effectiveness of anti-TNF therapy

Abstract Background Anti-TNF therapy is considered as a crucial treatment in Crohn’s disease (CD). However, it has a primary nonresponse rate in up to 30% of patients and secondary loss of response rate of about 5% per patient-year with unknown reason. Herein, we aimed to establish an artificial intelligence algorithm to identify patients with beneficial response and predict the effectiveness of anti-TNF theray based on body composition. Methods Between July 2020 and August 2023, 105 CD patients who underwent anti-TNF therapy from Shanghai Ninth people’s Hospital were enrolled in this study. An unsupervised clustering analysis (K-means clustering) was utilized to classify subjects into distinct groups based on body composition parameters before anti-TNF therapy. We analyzed the relationship between different phenogroups and the response to anti-TNF therapy. Besides, radiomics features were extracted from subcutaneous fat (SF), visceral fat (VF), and skeletal muscle (SM) at the level of L3/L4 based on CTE. A deep learning model based on Vision Transformer (ViT) was established to predict the response of anti-TNF therapy. Results Our analysis identified three phenogroups: Cluster 1 (PhAhigh/BCMhigh/BMChigh/SMIhigh/BMIhigh/proteinhigh/IWhigh/EWhigh), Cluster 2 (PhAlow/BCMlow/BMClow/SMIlow/VFAhigh/BFPhigh/proteinlow/IWlow/EWlow) and Cluster 3 (VFAlow/BMIlow/BFPlow). Patients in Cluster 1 showed best response of anti-TNF thrapy (p = 0.023). Among patients in Cluster 3, those with high nutritional risks showed significantly earlier loss of response than those with low nutritional risks (p = 0.041). The prediction model achieved satisfactory accuracy in predicting the effectiveness of anti-TNF therapy (SF: AUC = 0.700; VF: AUC = 0.745; SM: AUC = 0.785) in the validation cohort. Conclusion Patients with good nutritional status have a better response to anti-TNF therapy in CD. Earlier loss of response occurred in patients with high nutritional risks, which may be improved by nutritional support. Subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, and skeletal muscle at the level of L3/L4 showed a satisfactory performance in predicting the response to anti-TNF therapy.

P0402 Preoperative body composition parameters are associated with postoperative complications and endoscopic postoperative recurrence in patients with Crohn’s disease

Abstract Background Alterations in body composition are common among patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and may represent a modifiable risk factor for dismal postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association of preoperative body composition with postoperative complications and endoscopic postoperative recurrence (ePOR) in CD patients following ileocolic (re-)resection (ICR). Methods CD patients (≥16 years) scheduled for ICR with a preoperative CT or MRI scan (&amp;lt;12 months prior to ICR) were identified from an ongoing prospective, multicenter cohort study. Cross-sectional area normalized for body height (i.e. index) and lipid content (i.e. radiation attenuation on CT or signal intensity on MRI) of sketelal muscle (SM), subcutaneous adipose (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were analyzed at L3 level. Cut-offs were based on sex-specific tertiles. The primary outcome was postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade I-IV) within 30 days. Secondary outcomes were moderate-to-severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥II), infectious complications (intra- or extra-abdominal), and ePOR (modified Rutgeerts’ score ≥i2b) at six months postoperatively. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association of preoperative body composition with study outcomes. Results In total, 227 patients were included. Preoperative characteristiscs and postoperative outcomes are shown in Table 1. Median interval from preoperative imaging to ICR was 2.3 months (IQR 1.1–4.6). High lipid content of SM (i.e. myosteatosis) was associated with postoperative complications (aOR 2.51; 95%CI 1.21–5.22), moderate-to-severe complications (aOR 2.34; 95%CI 1.13–4.85), and infectious complications (aOR 2.20; 95%CI 1.01–4.80) (Figure 1). Low VAT-index was protective against postoperative complications (aOR 0.17; 95%CI 0.05–0.58). Low lipid content of VAT (aOR 3.98; 95%CI 1.15–13.78) and a high SAT-index (aOR 3.38; 95%CI 1.12–10.15) were associated with infectious complications. High SM-index was associated with ePOR (aOR 2.51; 95%CI 1.09–5.77). Preoperative body mass index (BMI) showed no association with study outcomes in uni- and multivariable analyses. Conclusion Preoperative myosteatosis on abdominal imaging is consistently associated with postoperative complications in patients with CD following ICR. Low VAT-index was identified as protective factor for postoperative complications, while low lipid content of VAT and a high SAT-index were associated with infectious complications. Surprisingly, high SM increased the risk of ePOR. Future research should identify strategies for preoperative improvement of body composition, rather than relying solely on BMI, and investigate if these improvements correlate with better postoperative outcomes.

Sexual dimorphism in exercise-induced response on steroid hormones to a 24-week supervised concurrent training intervention.

Steroid hormones are key mediators of adaptative responses to exercise, a stimulus that may concurrently affect their blood concentrations. However, the chronic endocrine adaptations and whether these potential changes are dependent on exercise intensity remain undetermined. Moreover, it is also unknown if the exercise-induced effects on steroid hormonal status are related to the participant' sex. This study aimed to investigate the intensity effects of a 24-week supervised concurrent training intervention on steroid hormones in sedentary young men and women. A total of 106 untrained young adults (68% women) aged 18-25 years were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: (I) Control group (no exercise; n = 35); (II) Ex-Moderate group (concurrent training at moderate intensity; n = 36); (III) Ex-Vigorous group (concurrent training at vigorous intensity; n = 35). Steroid hormones (i.e. cortisol, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)) were measured in plasma through a chemiluminescent method. Body composition parameters were determined using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner. No significant changes in steroid hormones levels were observed after the intervention (all p ≥ .129). However, a time x group interaction was noted in the testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C ratio) only in women (p = .044). Concretely, our data showed a significant decrement of T/C ratio in both the Ex-Moderate group and in the Ex-Vigorous compared with the control group (Δ = -24.2 ± 2.0% and Δ = -38.9 ± 45.4%, respectively). Our 24-week supervised concurrent training intervention showed no significant changes in steroid hormone levels. However, a significant decrement of T/C ratio was observed only in women, indicating a sexual dimorphism in the effect on T/C ratio.

Baseline and early changes in CT body composition can predict recurrence-free survival after radical gastrectomy: A sex-specific study.

This study aimed to explore the predictive value of baseline CT body composition and its early changes on recurrence-free survival (RFS) following radical gastrectomy, while also assessing potential sex-related differences. We conducted a retrospective analysis of gastric cancer (GC) patients with confirmed pathology from October 2019 to May 2023. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative CT scans to assess visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), skeletal muscle area (SMA), and skeletal muscle density (SMD), along with calculating their respective rates of change. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of RFS in male and female patients separately, and nomogram models were subsequently developed. The models' predictive performance was assessed using calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The study included 287 patients, consisting of 185 males and 102 females. At baseline, males had a lower subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI) but higher skeletal muscle index (SMI) and SMD compared to females (p＜0.001). Postoperatively, both SATI and visceral adipose tissue index (VATI) were significantly lower in both males and females than their corresponding preoperative values (p＜0.005). In males, SMI (HR=0.442, p=0.002), VATI (HR=1.843, p=0.018), lymphocyte (LYM) (HR=0.486, p=0.040), pathological T stage (HR=3.004, p=0.003), and postoperative complication (POC) (HR=1.893, p=0.014) were found to be independent predictors of RFS. In females, independent predictors of RFS included SMI (HR=0.361, p=0.013), SATI change rate (δSATI) (HR=0.428, p=0.024), albumin (ALB) (HR=0.242, p=0.003), CEA (HR=5.418, p<0.001), and POC (HR=3.425, p<0.001). The male-specific nomogram model demonstrated predictive accuracy for recurrence-free survival (RFS), with areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.621, 0.783, and 0.796 at 1, 2, and 3years, respectively. Similarly, the female-specific nomogram model achieved AUCs of 0.796, 0.836, and 0.783 at the corresponding time points. Calibration curves indicated a strong concordance between predicted and observed outcomes, while DCA validated the clinical utility of both models. Additionally, the models effectively stratified patients into low-risk and high-risk groups. Sex differences were observed in the predictive value of CT body composition for RFS after gastrectomy. By incorporating CT body composition parameters and clinical indicators, sex-specific nomogram models were developed, demonstrating effective prediction of RFS in gastric cancer patients post-surgery.

Association of Body Composition Parameters with the Short- and Long-Term Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Combined with Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer

Background Immunotherapy has become a prevalent strategy in the neoadjuvant treatment of advanced gastric cancer (AGC). This study investigates the predictive value of computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition parameters on the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for AGC. Methods Data on 103 patients with resectable AGC who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy at a teaching hospital between March 2020 and August 2022 were collected. Body composition parameters, including the subcutaneous adipose index (SAI), visceral adipose index (VAI), and skeletal muscle index (SMI), were calculated from pretreatment CT images. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models assessed the impact of these parameters on pathological responses and survival outcomes following treatment. Results Of the patients, 34 (33.0%) achieved a major pathological response (MPR). Higher SAI, VAI, and SMI values were significantly linked to an increased likelihood of achieving MPR (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that only SAI independently predicted MPR (OR 1.042, 95% CI 1.009–1.077, p = 0.013). Furthermore, patients with a high SAI had significantly improved 2-year overall survival (76.9% vs. 54.9%, log-rank p = 0.012) and 2-year event-free survival (71.2% vs. 51.0%, log-rank p = 0.022) compared to those with low SAI. The survival benefit associated with high SAI was partly due to its higher MPR rate (mediating proportion: 37.5%, 95% CI: 12%–110%). Conclusion Pretreatment SAI independently correlates with MPR and better oncological outcomes in patients with AGC receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

Prognostic relevance of CT-defined body composition in patients with acute bleeding undergoing endovascular embolization.

Body composition assessment includes the parameter skeletal muscle mass, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT). The purpose of this study was to elucidate associations of body composition parameters with mortality in patients with acute bleeding undergoing transarterial embolization (TAE). A mixed cohort of patients from 2018 to 2022 with acute bleeding requiring treatment with a TAE was retrospectively evaluated. In every case, the triphasic computed tomography (CT) to diagnose the source of bleeding was used to calculate the body composition parameters. A total of 251 patients (93 female, 37.1%) with a mean age of 65.5 ± 14.3 years, 30-d mortality of 40.2%, and 24-h mortality of 7.6% were included in the analysis. In the Cox regression analysis, no statistically significant correlations were found between the body composition parameters and 24-hour or 30-day mortality. In the subgroup analysis of patients aged older than 65 years, SMI was associated with short-term 24-hour mortality HR of 0.95 (95%CI 0.90;0.99, p = 0.035). The present study demonstrated the prognostic impact of clinical, laboratory, aniography-related, and CT-defined body composition in patients with acute hemorrhage undergoing endovascular therapy. Although the overall effect of CT-defined body composition appears to be small, skeletal muscle index was a prognostic factor in the age group over 65 years. This is a large single center study to investigate the prognostic relevance of CT-defined body composition in patients undergoing TAE. The effect is overall small but might be further investigated in older patients in further trials.

Increased cardiovascular risk despite unchanged body composition in non functional adrenal incidentaloma.

Non-functional adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI) is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiometabolic outcome. Identifying predictors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) may enable more appropriate management strategies in patients with NFAI. We aimed to investigate the body composition parameters and ASCVD risk in patients with NFAI. Eighty patients with NFAI and 80 controls matched for age, gender and body mass index (BMI) were included. ASCVD risk was assessed on Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) score. Body composition was evaluated using a segmental body composition analyzer. There were no significant differences in age, gender, blood pressure or body composition parameters between the two groups. Patients with NFAI had higher FRS and AHA/ACC scores than controls (P=0.017, P=0.024, respectively). In patients with NFAI, independent predictors for FRS were serum cortisol level after 1mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and waist/hip ratio (WHR), while independent predictors for AHA/ACC score were serum cortisol level after 1mg DST, WHR and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), in various multivariate linear regression models. FRS and AHA/ACC scores may be useful in determining ASCVD risk in patients with NFAI, and serum cortisol level after 1mg DST is an independent predictor of ASCVD in these patients, even in the absence of hypercortisolism.

Age-related changes in bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived phase angle (PhA) and the association between PhA and sarcopenic obesity in Chinese adults.

There are limited studies on the phase angle (PhA) and sarcopenic obesity (SO) in the Chinese population. This study aimed to establish 50 kHz-PhA reference data for SO population, and to evaluate the correlation between 50 kHz-PhA and SO. A total of 10,312 participants including 5415 men and 4897 women were enrolled in this study, and their resistance and reactance at 50 kHz, and body composition parameters were measured a segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device (InBody 720). Participants were compared between the SO and non-SO groups. Then, age and fat parameters related changes in PhA were evaluated. Furthermore, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal PhA cutoff values for detecting SO in males and females. The results showed significant differences in PhA and body composition parameters between the SO group and the non-SO group in both sexes (P < .001), and the prevalence rates of SO increase with age in both sexes (P < .001). The PhA values decrease with age, with a significant decrease beginning at age 65 years for males and 66 years for females. The accumulation of excess adipose tissue was also found to be associated with decrease in 50 kHz-PhA value. Furthermore, PhA was negatively associated with SO, independent of age and sex. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PhA for SO was 0.790 (95% CI: 0.746-0.833, P < .001) in males and 0.763 (95% CI: 0.702-0.825, P < .001) in females. The optimal cutoff value was ≤ 5.55° (specificity 0.693, sensitivity 0.759) for males and ≤4.79° (specificity 0.687, sensitivity 0.738) for females. In conclusion, 50 kHz-PhA can be used as a predictor of SO, with cutoff values of ≤5.55° for males and ≤4.79° for females. This simple and practical method of using 50 kHz-PhA to predict SO could be valuable in clinical practice.

Anthropometric and Body Composition Profile in Indian Kabaddi Players

Introduction: Kabaddi is a sport in which a player performs diverse skills according to their playing positions. The present cross-sectional study was carried out to understand the anthropometric characteristics and body composition parameters with respect to playing positions in male Kabaddi players. Methods: The study was carried out among 42 male Kabaddi players (10 of which are Pro League Players); raiders (n=25, 18.7 ± 2.44 years) and defenders (n=17, 19.6 ± 1.58 years). Anthropometric parameters viz. Height weight, sitting height, arm span, biacromial breadth, waist &amp; hip circumference were measured according to standard protocols followed by ISAK manual. Body composition of players was assessed using body composition analyser (mBCA). Other variables studied were body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and arm span to height ratio. Results: Significant differences were found between raiders and defenders in terms of their anthropometric characteristics and body composition parameters. Raiders exhibit significant higher values in terms of their height (p=0.0009), arm span (p=0.023) and arm span to height ratio (p=0.0018) while defenders exhibit significantly lower values in terms of their body mass index, BMI (p= 0.0015), waist to hip ratio, WHR (p=0.0001) and fat mass (p=0.015). Conclusion: It had been found that raiders were better over defenders in terms of their anthropometric characteristics and body composition parameters. The findings of the study provide valuable insights into the anthropometric characteristics and body composition profile related with playing position of Kabaddi players.

Cashew nut consumption reduces waist circumference and oxidative stress in adolescents with obesity: A randomized clinical trial.

Previous evidence suggests that certain types of nuts, when included in a healthy diet pattern, may provide health benefits. Therefore, we hypothesize that the consumption of cashew nuts associated with a healthy diet may enhance antioxidant defenses and improve anthropometric and body composition parameters in individuals with obesity. We conducted a 12-week randomized clinical trial, divided into 4 sessions, involving adolescents randomly assigned to receive either 30 g of roasted cashew nuts together with nutrition education (cashew nut group-CNG) or only nutrition education (control group-CG). The total number of participants who started the study was 142, with 77 in the CNG and 65 in the CG. Data on anthropometry, body composition, and oxidative stress were collected at baseline (0-week) and endpoint (12-week). The main post-intervention findings in the CNG showed decreases in waist circumference (WC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at 60 minutes in the CNG, while neck circumference (NC) increased. However, the CG showed an increase in TBARS and percentage of lean body mass (LBM), along with reduction in TAC at 60 minutes. After 12 weeks, the consumption of cashew nuts seemed to assist in WC reduction, even without a decrease in other anthropometric parameters, thereby decreasing the cardiometabolic risk. Furthermore, the consumption of cashew nuts demonstrated the ability to decrease overall oxidative damage as assessed by TBARS, a finding that reinforces the effects of this nut consumption against systemic oxidative stress associated with obesity.

The relationship between body composition and physical fitness with primary dysmenorrhea among adolescents in urban areas

Background: The relationship between body composition and physical fitness parameters with primary dysmenorrhea hasn’t been confirmed robustly to the best of our knowledge. Objective: This study analysed the relationship between nutritional status, body composition, and physical fitness with primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 80 adolescents from urban areas of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi Indonesia. Body composition indicators measured by the OMRON HBF 375-Karada Scan body analyser. The fitness components observed were cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by the 3- minute YMCA step test, abdominal muscle strength by 1-minute sit-ups, abdominal muscle endurance by plank, and flexibility by sit and reach. Dysmenorrhea was measured using the WaLLLID score questionnaire. Bivariate analysis used the Pearson Correlation Test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: All respondents experienced dysmenorrhea with varying levels, intensity, locations, and duration of pain. Visceral fat percentage was significantly related to duration of pain (P=0.007) while total subcutaneous and trunk fat was significantly related to pain intensity (P=0.049). Cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly related to the location of pain (P=0.016). Conclusions: Maintaining visceral, total subcutaneous, and subcutaneous trunk fat within normal limits and good cardiorespiratory fitness control menstrual pain.

The effect of using Echinacea extract as an immune system stimulant and antioxidant on blood indicators, growth efficiency, and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens to produce a healthy product

This study aimed to discover how echinacea powder extract (EPE), an antioxidant, affects the growth rate, body composition, and blood parameters in broilers as an alternative to antibiotics. In a completely randomized design study, four experimental groups received 280 broiler chicks, 5 days old (Cobb 500). Each group was distributed into seven replicates, each containing ten unsexed chicks. Four groups were randomly selected from the chicks; the first group (the control group) was given drinking water only. Conversely, the birds in treatments 2, 3, and 4 were supplemented with EPA in their drinking water. They received 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 cm3 EPA/liter water every 3 days weekly until the end of the trial (30 days). Our findings found significant differences in avian mass between experimental treatments during growth phases. The control group weighed 887 g, while the 3.0 cm3 EPE group weighed 850 g. The Duncan test showed a difference in FI and FCR among those favoring the EPE groups. Our results showed no significant changes in carcass features, except for spleen, gizzard, and abdominal fat, with the 3.0 cm3 EPE group having weight-higher organs and lower abdominal fat. Also, the control had higher TP, albumin, and globulin levels, while the EPE diet increased ALT and AST and decreased TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL levels. Furthermore, EPE-containing diets resulted in higher IgG concentrations, lower MDA levels, and higher SOD activity compared to the control group. According to the ANOVA analysis, the water consumption rate did not significantly differ across the trial groups. It included adding EPE with 3.0 cm3 enhanced growth performance, carcass traits, and antioxidant activity to obtain health outcomes for end users.

Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin Compared to Pioglitazone in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious end-stage spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with associated high risk of hepatic and extrahepatic complications. Several studies showed the significant beneficial effect of dapagliflozin on body composition, hepatic and metabolic parameters on NAFLD/NASH patients. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in both diabetic and non-diabetic biopsy-proven NASH patients; compared to pioglitazone. This was a four-group, prospective, randomized, parallel, open label study in which 100 biopsy-proven NASH patients were selected, stratified to diabetics and non-diabetics and randomized with 1:1 allocation to either 30 mg pioglitazone or 10 mg dapagliflozin, once daily for 24 weeks. Histological evaluation, anthropometric measures, hepatic, metabolic biochemical markers, fibrosis non-invasive markers, quality of life (QOL) and medications adverse events were examined. Dapagliflozin showed a comparable histological effect to pioglitazone in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients (P>0.05). As assessed by transient elastography, it also showed a comparable effect on liver fibrosis grade improvement from baseline in diabetics (P=0.287) versus a significant superiority in non-diabetics (P=0.018). Dapagliflozin showed a significant superiority in all anthropometric measures (P<0.001) and QOL (P<0.05) among both diabetics and non-diabetics. There was a significant interaction between interventions and diabetes status on change from baseline of hepatic and metabolic panel collectively (P=0.023) in favor to dapagliflozin among diabetics. Compared to pioglitazone, dapagliflozin had a comparable effect histologically, superior effect biochemically among diabetics and superior effect on liver fibrosis, steatosis and insulin resistance among non-diabetics. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov, identifier number NCT05254626.

Analysis of Body Fluid Distribution, Phase Angle and Its Association With Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy: An Observational Study.

Body composition parameters associated with aerobic fitness, mirrored by maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max), have recently gained interest as indicators of physical efficiency in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) allows a noninvasive and repeatable estimate of body composition but is based on the use of predictive equations which, if used in cohorts with different characteristics from those for which the equation was originally formulated, could give biased results. Instead, the phase angle (PhA), a BIA raw bioelectrical parameter reflecting body fluids distribution, could provide reliable data for such analysis. 33 clinically and genetically characterized FSHD patients (mean age 35.7; 10 females) and 27 sex and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were included in the analysis. BIA was used to evaluate body fluids distribution (intracellular water [ICW], extracellular water [ECW], and total body water [TBW]), and PhA, while cardiopulmonary exercise test was used to estimate V̇O2max. The groups were comparable for ECW and TBW. Instead, patients showed lower values of ICW (p = 0.020), ICW/ECW ratio (p < 0.001), and PhA (p < 0.001). Moreover, patients reported lower V̇O2max (p = 0.001 for absolute values; p = 0.002 for values expressed in relation to body weight) which, unlike HC, was not associated to PhA. Based on our results, PhA of FSHD patients is lower than HC. Since PhA mirrors the ICW/ECW ratio, the lower share of ICW seems to be the basis of such difference. Given the lack of association with V̇O2max, PhA cannot be considered a reliable indicator of aerobic fitness in FSHD.

Determinants of cerebrospinal fluid leakage in a large cohort of macroprolactinomas.

Non-functional adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI) is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiometabolic outcome. Identifying predictors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) may enable more appropriate management strategies in patients with NFAI. We aimed to investigate body composition parameters and ASCVD risk in patients with NFAI. Eighty patients with NFAI and 80 controls matched for age, gender and body mass index (BMI) were included. Risk of ASCVD was assessed by Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and American Heart Association /American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) score. Body composition was evaluated using a segmental body composition analyzer. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, blood pressure or body composition. Patients with NFAI had higher FRS and AHA/ACC scores than controls (p=0.017, p=0.024, respectively). In patients with NFAI, independent predictors for FRS were serum cortisol level after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and waist/hip ratio (WHR), and independent predictors for AHA/ACC score were serum cortisol level after 1 mg DST, WHR and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), in various multivariate linear regression models. Our findings suggest that FRS and AHA/ACC scores may be useful in determining ASCVD risk in patients with NFAI, and that serum cortisol level after 1 mg DST is an independent predictor of ASCVD in these patients, even in the absence of hypercortisolism.

Application of computed tomography body composition in patients with locally progressive gastric cancer undergoing radical surgery combined with prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Radical resection combined with prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (p-HIPEC) is a promising treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC), though factors influencing its long-term benefits remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of computed tomography (CT)-based body composition parameters on survival in patients undergoing this combination treatment, exploring nutritional factors affecting long-term survival and developing a prognostic model. We retrospectively analyzed clinical and CT data from 230 patients with LAGC who underwent radical resection with p-HIPEC between January 2017 and December 2020. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to identify independent risk factors, and nomograms were constructed based on significant predictors. The models' accuracy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration plots. Of the 230 patients, the 3-year survival rate was 56.1%, with a median overall survival of 49.7 months. Multivariate analysis identified sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR], 3.078; p < 0.001), low subcutaneous adipose tissue index (HR, 1.739; p = 0.002), high visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (HR, 1.746; p = 0.002), pT stage (p < 0.001), pN stage (N3: p = 0.004; N2: p = 0.049), and vascular invasion (p < 0.001) as independent risk factors for poor survival. Nomograms incorporating body composition and tumor features predicted 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival with high accuracy (AUC >0.7). Body composition and tumor characteristics are independent predictors of overall survival in LAGC patients. Nomograms integrating these factors provide reliable prognostic predictions.