Body Composition In Postmenopausal Women Research Articles

Resistance training effects on healthy postmenopausal women: a systematic review with meta-analysis

The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of resistance training on physical fitness, physiological variables and body composition of postmenopausal women. The present systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and was registered in PROSPERO. A total of 12 studies were included. The literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO. Randomized control trials were included. Two blinded investigators performed the search, study selection and data collection, and assessed the quality and risk of bias. A random-effects model was used for all analyses. Compared to the control group, resistance training produced a significant improvement in maximal oxygen volume (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 2.32, p < 0.001), lower extremity strength (SMD = 4.70, p < 0.001) and upper extremity strength (SMD = 7.42, p < 0.001). The results obtained in the systematic review and meta-analysis confirm the benefits of resistance training on physical fitness in postmenopausal women, although there is more debate regarding its influence on bone mineral density, and anthropometric and derived variables. This work provides a solid starting point for promoting resistance training at a frequency of 3 days per week, in 60-min sessions, with the aim of improving parameters directly related to quality of life, functionality and disease prevention of postmenopausal women.

Impact of the Body Composition on Knee Osteoarthritis Assessed Using Bioimpedance Analysis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) ranks among the most prevalent inflammatory diseases affecting the musculoskeletal system and is a leading cause of disability globally, impacting approximately 250 million individuals. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the severity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and body composition in postmenopausal women using bioimpedance analysis (BIA). The study included 58 postmenopausal females who were candidates for total knee arthroplasty. The control group consisted of 25 postmenopausal individuals with no degenerative knee joint changes. The anthropometric analysis encompassed the body mass index (BMI), mid-arm and mid-thigh circumferences (MAC and MTC), and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF). Functional performance was evaluated using the 30 s sit-to-stand test. During the BIA test, electrical parameters such as membrane potential, electrical resistance, capacitive reactance, impedance, and phase angle were measured. Additionally, body composition parameters, including Total Body Water (TBW), Extracellular Water (ECW), Intracellular Water (ICW), Body Cellular Mass (BCM), Extracellular Mass (ECM), Fat-Free Mass (FFM), and Fat Mass (FM), were examined. The study did not find any statistically significant differences in the electrical parameters between the control (0-1 grade on the K-L scale) and study groups (3-4 grade on the K-L scale). However, statistically significant differences were observed in BMI, fat mass (FM), arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, and sit-to-stand test results between the analyzed groups. In conclusion, the association between overweight and obesity with KOA in postmenopausal women appears to be primarily related to the level of adipose tissue and its metabolic activity.

The effects of exercise training on body composition in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of exercise training on body composition outcomes in postmenopausal women. PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Medline were searched to identify the randomized controlled trials which evaluated effect of exercise training versus control in postmenopausal women. Standardized mean differences (SMD), weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using random effects model. One hundred and one studies involving 5,697 postmenopausal women were included in the meta-analysis. Results indicated that exercise training effectively increased muscle mass/ volume, muscle and fiber cross-sectional area and fat-free mass, and decreased fat mass, body fat percentage, waist circumference and visceral fat. Furthermore, subgroup analyses results revealed that aerobic and combined training had greater beneficial effects on fat mass outcomes, whereas resistance and combined training had greater beneficial effects on muscle mass outcomes. Overall, our results revealed that exercise training is effective for improving body composition in postmenopausal women. To be specific, aerobic training is effective on fat loss, whereas resistance training is effective on muscle gain. However, combination of aerobic and resistance trainings may be considered a viable strategy to improve body composition in postmenopausal women. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021283425.

The Features Of Body Composition In Postmenopausal Women With Chronic Knee Pain

The Features Of Body Composition In Postmenopausal Women With Chronic Knee Pain

Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis Undergoing Surgical Treatment.

This study aimed to demonstrate the bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent surgical treatment, such as total knee arthroplasty, osteotomy, or meniscectomy. A total of 254 women with OA aged 50 years who underwent surgical treatment were enrolled in this study. We evaluated obesity-related factors, muscle components, and BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. No significant differences were noted in the BMD of the hip joint between the symptomatic side of the leg with knee OA and the contralateral side. However, when comparing the BMD of each component, the results indicated a significantly higher BMD in the obesity group based on body mass index (BMI). When defining sarcopenic obesity (SO) using various indicators of obesity (BMI, the estimated visceral adipose tissue area, android/gynoid ratio, and total body fat percentage), the prevalence of SO in the OA group who underwent surgical treatment ranged from 22.0% to 49.6%. This study investigated obesity-related factors in patients with advanced knee OA who underwent surgery, revealing a high prevalence of overweight/obese individuals, the presence of SO, and a complex relationship between obesity, body composition, and bone density, highlighting the potential protective effects of weight-bearing on bone health while exploring the impact of sarcopenia on bone density differences in the context of OA. Depending on various definitions of obesity, diverse proportions of SO in patients with OA have been observed, and further detailed research is required to understand its impact on the condition.

Associations between bone mass, hormone levels, and body composition in postmenopausal women.

The aim of this study was to explore body composition parameters and hormone levels as risk factors for low bone mass (osteopenia/osteoporosis) in postmenopausal women. We analyzed biorepository samples from 139 postmenopausal women with no clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. Inclusion criteria were menopause occurring after 40 years of age and no use of hormone therapy in the past 3 months. Bone mineral density and body composition were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were measured in all participants. Serum estradiol was measured by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in a subset of 57 participants. Free estrogen index was calculated by dividing estradiol by SHBG × 100. Body mass index (25.0 [22.5-26.5] vs 27.7 [26.6-31.9] kg/m 2 , P < 0.001), estradiol (3.0 [2.7-4.5] vs 6.0 [2.7-15.0] pg/mL, P = 0.006), waist circumference (84 ± 9 vs 93 ± 12 cm, P < 0.001), appendicular lean mass (ALM) (15.739 ± 2.129 vs 17.184 ± 2.104 kg, P = 0.001), and fat mass index (9.36 [7.29-11.43] vs 11.38 [9.95-15.33] kg/m 2 , P < 0.001) were lower in women with low bone mass by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Univariate analysis showed that free estrogen index, time since menopause, SHBG, and fat mass were significant predictors of low bone mass, and ALM was a significant predictor against low bone mass. Appendicular lean mass persisted as an independent predictor against low bone mass in multivariate models with fat mass and SHBG. In turn, fat mass was no longer significant in this multivariate model after inclusion of SHBG. No association of FSH with low bone mass was observed. Appendicular lean mass was a significant independent predictor against low bone mass in postmenopausal women. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate whether lean mass, fat mass, and FSH have a direct effect on bone mass in postmenopausal women, adding to the consequences of hypoestrogenism in this group.

The Impact of Ballet Program on Appetite Related Hormones, Insulin Resistance, and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study

PURPOSE: Postmenopausal status is associated with an age-related decline in hormones, abnormal appetite regulation, weight gain, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise is a useful non-pharmacological intervention that improves the levels of hormones involved in appetite regulation and weight management while reducing CVD risk factors. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of a ballet program on menopause-related changes in satiety or levels of appetite regulation hormones, including leptin and ghrelin, homeostatic model of assessing insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).METHODS: The EX group performed the ballet program. In the fasting state, body composition; leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and glucose levels; and HOMA-IR values were assessed before and 12 week after the intervention.RESULTS: A significant group by time interaction (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05) was noted for percentage body fat, leptin, insulin, and HOMA-IR, which significantly decreased (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05), and ghrelin, which significantly increased (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05).CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that this ballet program may be an attractive and enjoyable intervention for improving menopause-associated appetite regulation hormone changes in postmenopausal women.

RF06 | PSAT152 Associations between Bone Mass, Hormone Levels and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests an association between FSH and bone mass in peri- and postmenopausal women. The aim of the present study was to assess body composition parameters and hormone levels as risk factors for low bone mass in women with recent menopause. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed biorepository samples from 139 postmenopausal women aged 42 to 68 years with no evidence of clinical CVD. Inclusion criteria were as follows: menopause, defined as last menstrual period at least 12 months of amenorrhea and/or 6 months or more of amenorrhea plus FSH levels ≥35 mIU/mL occurring after 40 years of age, and no use of hormone therapy (HT) in the past 3 month. BMD and body composition were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), SHBG and FSH levels were measured in all patients. Serum estradiol levels were measured by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay (GC/MS/MS) in a subset of 57 participants and free estrogen index (FEI) was estimated by dividing estradiol by SHBG × 100. Low bone mass was considered osteoporosis and osteopenia. The mean age was 54.33±5.30 years and median time since menopause was 4 (2 - 9) years. The mean BMI was 26.73±4.38 kg/m2 and 66% of participants were classified as overweight or obese. BMI, BMD and T-sc, lean mass index (LMI) and fat mass index (FMI) were lower, and SHBG was higher in women with FSH levels above the median values (83.6mUI/mL). FSH was inversely correlated with FEI (rho=-0.283, p=0.033) as well as with FMI (rho=-0.288, p=0.001) and LMI (rho=-0.186, p=0.029), but significance was lost after adjustment for estradiol levels (p=0.651). In the univariate linear regression analysis, FSH, FEI, time since menopause, SHBG, FMI and LMI were significant predictors to total femur bone mass, explaining 3.8%, 11.9%, 7.4%, 14.7%, 19.7% and 8.4% of variance in BMD at this site, respectively. In the multivariate model, the association of FSH, time since menopause and FMI with hip bone mass was no longer significant after inclusion of FEI in the respective model. The present results indicate that the negative association between FSH levels and femoral BMD in postmenopausal women are influenced by endogenous estradiol levels, time since menopause and fat mass. Additional studies are needed in order to further analyze whether some direct effect of FSH on bone mass may be additive to the presence of low bone mass in this population. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 1:05 p.m., Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.

Anti-osteoporosis treatments changed body composition in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Whether the widespread anti-osteoporosis treatments in postmenopausal women also benefit the change of body composition (lean body mass [LBM] and body fat mass [FM]) remains controversial. In order to solve this issue and find out the most effective treatment, we conducted this meta-analysis. We searched the literature, via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane to screen citations from inception to March 26, 2022, for inclusion in this study. Only clinical trials that used anti-osteoporosis treatments in postmenopausal women and displayed the alteration of body composition were included. Stata 14.0 was used for the meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis results presented that: compared with placebo, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was associated with increased LBM (standardized mean differences [SMD] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02-0.61) and reduced FM (SMD = -0.30, 95% CI = -0.51 to -0.09) in postmenopausal women. Compared with placebo, physical exercise training showed an effect of decreasing FM (SMD = -0.66, 95% CI = -0.94 to -0.38) but not significant influence LBM (SMD = 1.31, 95% CI = -0.29 to 2.91). The network meta-analysis of our study showed that oral estrogen and progestogen plus exercise (OEPE) treatment might be the most effective anti-osteoporosis treatment (surface under the cumulative ranking curve 99.9) to reduce FM in postmenopausal women. anti-osteoporosis treatments, especially HRT, affect body composition. Furthermore, the combination of HRT and exercise training are the most effective treatment to reduce FM while maintaining LBM.

Low Dose Daily Prunes Preserve Hip Bone Mineral Density With No Impact on Body Composition in a 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial in Postmenopausal Women: The Prune Study

ObjectivesDietary consumption of prunes has favorable impacts on bone health, however, more research is necessary to improve upon study designs and refine our understandings and determine whether unfavorable fat gain occurs with long-term treatment. Objectives: Evaluate the effects of prunes (50g and 100g/day) on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women during a 12-month dietary intervention. Secondary outcomes include effects on body composition. MethodsSingle center, parallel arm 12-month randomized controlled trial (RCT; NCT02822378) to test effects of 50g and 100g/day prunes vs. a Control group on BMD (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) (every 6 months) and body composition in postmenopausal women with a BMD T-score of < 0.0 and >–3.0 at any site. Results235 women (age 62.1 ± 5.0 yr) were randomized into Control (n = 78), 50 g Prune (n = 79), or 100 g Prune (n = 78) groups. Compliance was 90.2 ± 1.8% and 87.1 ± 2.1% in the 50 g and 100 g Prune groups. Dropout was 22%; however, the dropout rate was 41% for the 100 g Prune group compared to other groups (10% Control; 15% 50 g Prune; (p < 0.001)). A group × time interaction for total hip BMD was observed in Control vs 50 g Prune groups (p = 0.030), but not in Control vs 100 g Prune groups (p = 0.194). Prune consumption did not affect body mass in 50 g prune (p = 0.837) or 100 g prune (p = 0.121) groups compared to Control. A group × time interaction for fat mass was observed in Control vs 100 g Prune groups (p = 0.031), but not in Control vs 50 g Prune groups (p = 0.792). ConclusionsA 50 g dose of daily dose of prunes can prevent loss of total hip BMD in postmenopausal women, without increased fat mass seen with the larger dose. Given that there was high compliance and retention at the 50 g dosage over 12 months, we propose that the 50 g dose represents a valuable non-pharmacological treatment strategy that can be used to preserve hip BMD in postmenopausal women, without increasing body or fat mass. Funding SourcesCalifornia Prune Board

A Priori Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity Level, and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Midlife weight gain and fat distribution changes increase the risk of age-related pathologies. We aimed to explore, in a series of 388 healthy postmenopausal women living in Tuscany, Central Italy, the relationship between three a priori dietary patterns, the level of physical activity (PA), and four body composition measures: body mass index (BMI), percent fat mass (%FM), percent muscle mass (%MM), and waist circumference (WC). Detailed information on lifestyle, including the amount of recreational and household PA, sitting time, and dietary habits were collected through detailed questionnaires, and adherence scores to Greek Modified Mediterranean Diet, Italian Mediterranean Diet (IMD), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet were calculated. The %FM and %MM were estimated via TANITA MC-780MA analyzer. WC and BMI were measured according to standard international protocols. Cross-sectional adjusted regression models showed that increasing adherence to IMD was inversely associated with BMI, %FM, and WC, and directly associated with %MM. Higher levels of recreational PA were associated with lower %FM, BMI, and WC and with higher %MM values. Higher levels of sitting time were associated with higher %FM, BMI, and WC, and lower %MM. Dietary habits and moderate PA confirm their central role in maintaining good health even in menopausal women.

Long-term effect of bariatric surgery on body composition in post-menopausal women

Rationale: Bariatric surgery (BS) induces sustained loss of body fat mass (FM) with an inevitable loss of lean mass (LM). In contrast, menopause leads to deleterious changes in body composition (BC) related to estrogen deficiency including LM loss and increases in total and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This study aims to assess BC in post-menopausal women after RYGB (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) and compares their profile with age and BMI matched controls.

Мінеральна щільність та якість кісткової тканини, показники тілобудови в жінок у постменопаузальному періоді

У діагностиці остеопорозу золотим стандартом є визначення мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини, проте не завжди показники рентгенівської денситометрії точно визначають ризик остеопоротичних переломів. У зв’язку з цим ведеться пошук нових методів, що визначали б показники не лише мінеральної щільності, а і якості кісткової тканини. Одним із таких методів є визначення показника якості трабекулярної кісткової тканини. Оскільки загальна маса тіла складається з жирової та знежиреної маси, деякі дослідники намагались визначити їх роль у виникненні структурно-функціональних порушень у кістковій тканині, проте до цього часу немає чіткої відповіді на це запитання: деякі дослідження ідентифікували жирову масу як головний фактор захисту від переломів, інші ж виявили, що знежирена маса тіла має більш сильний зв’язок із мінеральною щільністю кісткової тканини. Метою дослідження було вивчити показники якості та мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини хребта, шийки стегнової кістки, тілобудови в жінок залежно від тривалості постменопаузального періоду; зв’язок жирової маси з показниками мінеральної щільності та якості кісткової тканини. Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 179 жінок у пременопаузальному та постменопаузальному періодах. Обстежені були розподілені на такі групи: жінки в пременопаузальному періоді та жінки з різною тривалістю постменопаузального періоду (ранній, середньочасовий, пізній). Проводилось загальноклінічне обстеження пацієнта та дослідження вищезазначених показників на рентгенівському денситометрі General Electric. Результати. Якість та мінеральна щільність кісткової тканини вірогідно знижуються зі збільшенням тривалості постменопаузального періоду. Загальна жирова та знежирена маса вірогідно не змінюються з віком. У середньочасовому та пізньому постменопаузальному періодах мінеральна щільність кісткової тканини на рівні хребта та шийки стегнової кістки зростає із збільшенням загальної жирової маси.

The Effects of Habitual Aquatic Walking on Arterial Stiffness and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross‑Sectional Study

PURPOSE: Menopause is associated with increased carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), an indicator of arterial stiffness, which is an independent marker of cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to investigate the cfPWV, blood pressure, and body composition with habitual exercise for at least 1 year in postmenopausal women performing habitual aquatic walking versus age-matched sedentary postmenopausal and premenopausal women.METHODS: A total of 115 postmenopausal and premenopausal women were divided into the following groups: (1) postmenopausal women performing habitual aquatic walking (HAW; n=57), (2) sedentary postmenopausal women (SPO; n=41), and (3) sedentary premenopausal women (SPR, n=17). The HAW group participated 3 days per week, 60 minutes per day, for at least 1 year, whereas the SPO and SPR groups performed no regular exercise, for less than 2 days per week, 30 minutes per day, for at least 1 year. The cfPWV, BP, and body composition were assessed in all groups.RESULTS: The cfPWV (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05), augmentation pressure (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05), and DBP were significantly lower in the SPR group than in the SPO group. AIx@75, BMI, %BF, and SBP were significantly lower in the SPR group than in the SPO and HAW groups. Lean body mass was higher in the SPR group than in the SPO and HAW groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05). The cfPWV, AP, AIx@75, SBP, and %BF were lower in the HAW group than in the SPO group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05). Furthermore, the cfPWV was significantly correlated with aging and SBP.CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study indicates that sedentary postmenopausal women may be at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than postmenopausal women who participate in habitual aquatic walking.

Body composition of women with and without dynapenia defined by different cut-off points

ABSTRACT Objective To compare body composition of postmenopausal women with and without dynapenia, defined by different cut-off points. Methods Body composition was assessed by electrical bioimpedance and the nutritional status by the body mass index. Dynapenia was diagnosed according to handgrip strength, using the following cut-off points: handgrip strength &lt;16kgf and &lt;20 kgf. Results A total of 171 women (50 to 92 years of age) participated in the investigation. The mean age of non-dynapenic and dynapenic women (handgrip strength &lt;20kgf) was 69.4±8.2 and 74.5±8.2 years, respectively. The mean age of women with dynapenia (handgrip strength &lt;16kgf) was 75.0±10.1 years and non-dynapenic women, 71.1±8.2 years. It was found that dynapenic women, with handgrip strength &lt;20 and &lt;16kgf, had an average of 2.38 and 2.47kg less muscle mass respectively, when compared to non-dynapenic women (p&lt;0.05). However, there was no difference in muscle mass between the different dynapenic groups. Non-dynapenic women (handgrip strength ≥20kgf) had more total (3.55kg) and central fat (1.47kg) (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion Dynapenic women, diagnosed considering both cutoff points, had less total and segmental muscle mass compared to non-dynapenic women. In addition, dynapenic women with handgrip strength &lt;20kgf had lower total and trunk adiposity.

간헐적 유산소 운동 중재가 폐경 여성의 노화관련 인자, 생활습관병 위험 인자 및 신체구성에 미치는 영향

이 연구는 폐경 여성을 대상으로 12주 간헐적 유산소 운동 중재가 노화관련 인자(DHEAs, melatonin), 생활습관병 위험 인자(TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C) 및 신체구성(체중, 체지방률, BMI) 변화를 살펴 보위하여 간헐적 유산소 운동 집단(13명)과 통제집단(12명)으로 집단을 구성하였고, 자료처리는 SPSS ver. 20.0을 이용하여 집단 간 차이검증은 독립 t검정, 집단 내 차이 검증은 대응 t검정을 실시하였다. 노화관련 인자에서 DHEAs는 집단 내 비교에서 운동집단이 유의한 증가를 보였다(p<.05). melatonin은 집단 내 비교에서 운동집단이 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 보였고(p<.01), 집단 간 비교에서 운동집단이 유의한 증가를 보였다(p<.05). 생활습관병 위험인자에서 TG는 집단 내 비교에서 운동집단이 유의한 감소를 보였고(p<.05), 집단 간 비교에서 운동집단이 유의한 감소를 보였다(p<.01). LDL-C은 집단 내 비교에서 운동집단이 유의한 감소를 보였고(p<.01), 집단 간 비교에서 운동집단이 유의한 감소를 보였다(p<.05). 신체구성에서 체중(kg)은 집단 내 비교에서 운동집단이 유의한 감소를 보였고(p<.01), 집단 간 비교에서 운동집단이 유의한 감소를 보였다(p<.001). 체지방률은 집단 내 비교에서 운동집단이 유의한 감소를 보였고(p<.05), 집단 간 비교에서 운동집단이 유의한 감소를 보였다(p<.01). 따라서 간헐적 유산소 운동 중재가 폐경 여성을 대상으로 노화관련 인자, 생활습관병 관련 인자 및 신체구성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

Effect of yoga with and without elastic band resistance training on visfatin, liver enzymes and body composition in postmenopausal women

Insufficient evidence supports yoga as an effective intervention in menopausal age. Simultaneously, there is insufficient information on the effect of resistance training with elastic band in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of yoga with and without elastic band resistance training on levels of visfatin, liver enzymes and body composition in postmenopausal women. In a quasi-experimental study, thirty-three postmenopausal women voluntarily participated in the study and were randomly divided into three 12-subject groups: (only yoga (YO), yoga + elastic band resistance training (YEB) and control (C)). The eight-week training period consisted of three non-consecutive sessions per week. The YO group performed only yoga training and the YEB group performed yoga and elastic band resistance training. Each training session consisted of warm-up (5 min), main exercise (30-40 min in YO group and 50-60 min in YEB group), and cool-down (5 min). Group C received no exercise intervention. General characteristics, visfatin, liver enzymes and body composition were measured before and after the training period. To analyse the data, repeated measure ANOVA was used at the significant level of P&lt;0.05. Eight weeks of yoga with and without elastic band resistance training has no significant effects on visfatin (P=0.133), alanine transaminase (P=0.854), aspartate transaminase (P=0.782), body weight (P=0.373), body mass index (P=0.371), body fat percentage (P=0.687), and waist to hip ratio (P S&gt;0.05). Practicing yoga with and without elastic band resistance training for eight weeks (three days a week) does not lead to positive or negative changes in visfatin levels, liver enzymes, and body composition indices in postmenopausal women. Further research with greater training volumes or longer duration trainings seems necessary.

The Effects of Nordic Walking With Poles With an Integrated Resistance Shock Absorber on Cognitive Abilities and Cardiopulmonary Efficiency in Postmenopausal Women.

Late adulthood is associated with atrophy of brain areas, which contribute to cognitive deterioration and increase the risk of depression. On the other hand, aerobic exercise can improve learning and memory function, ameliorate mood, and prevent neurodegenerative changes. This study demonstrates the effect of Nordic walking (NW) and NW with poles with an integrated resistance shock absorber (NW with RSA) on aerobic capacity and body composition in postmenopausal women. It also measures the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) serum levels and determines correlations with cognitive functions and depression symptoms. These relationships with the use of NW with RSA as a new form of exercise have not been described thus far. In this study, 31 women (NW – 16, NW with RSA – 15) participated in eight weeks of training. The findings showed that only NW with RSA training caused a significant decrease in body mass and body mass index (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in GDNF levels between groups studied. Regarding BDNF, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the NW group and an increase (not statistically significant) in the NW with RSA group was found. A comparative analysis of cognitive and depression outcomes and changes in BDNF and GDNF concentration showed no significant differences in the efficacy of either form of training. Training loads resulted in a significant increase in VO2max in both the NW (p < 0.01) and NW with RSA (p < 0.05) groups. This indicates an improvement in cardiopulmonary efficiency of the examined women.

Cocoa-rich chocolate and body composition in postmenopausal women: a randomised clinical trial.

During menopause, women undergo a series of physiological changes that include a redistribution of fat tissue. This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women daily on body composition. We conducted a 6-month, two-arm randomised, controlled trial. Postmenopausal women (57·2 (sd 3·6) years, n 132) were recruited in primary care clinics. Participants in the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Those of the intervention group (IG) received 10 g daily of 99 % cocoa chocolate in addition to their habitual diet for 6 months. This quantity comprises 247 kJ (59 kcal) and 65·4 mg of polyphenols. The primary outcomes were the between-group differences in body composition variables, measured by impendancemetry at the end of the study. The main effect of the intervention showed a favourable reduction in the IG with respect to the CG in body fat mass (-0·63 kg (95 % CI -1·15, -0·11), P = 0·019; Cohen's d = -0·450) and body fat percentage (-0·79 % (95 % CI -1·31, -0·26), P = 0·004; Cohen's d = -0·539). A non-significant decrease was also observed in BMI (-0·20 kg/m2 (95 % CI -0·44, 0·03), P = 0·092; Cohen's d = -0·345). Both the body fat mass and the body fat percentage showed a decrease in the IG for the three body segments analysed (trunk, arms and legs). Daily addition of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women reduces their body fat mass and body fat percentage without modifying their weight.

Impact of Whole Body Electromyostimulation on Velocity, Power and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Menopause is associated with losses in strength and power along with weight and fat mass gains, which may result from menopause-related hormonal changes, aging-associated diseases, and decreased physical activity time. The objective of this study is to analyze if whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is suitable for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal physical deterioration. Thirty-four healthy sedentary women between 55 and 69 years followed an experimental design pre-post test. Both groups conducted 10 weeks of aerobic and strength training program. The experimental group conducted the training with superimposed WB-EMS during exercise. At the end of the intervention, the experimental group obtained better power (Squat: mean difference (MD) = 38.69 W [1.75,75.62], d = 0.81; Bench press: MD = 25.64 W [17.48, 33.82], d = 2.39) and velocity (Squat: MD = 0.04 m·s−1 [0.01, 0.08], d = 0.98; Bench press: MD = 0.10 m·s−1 [0.06, 0.14], d = 1.90) score improvements than the other group (pBonferroni < 0.05). Furthermore, trivial to small effects were found in the body composition of the participants of both groups (p > 0.050). WB-EMS showed a favorable isolated effect on the development of power and velocity, but it induced negligible effects on the body composition of postmenopausal women.