Body Color Research Articles

Male Guppies Recognize Familiar Conspecific Males by Their Face

Individual recognition is a necessary cognitive ability for the maintenance of stable social relationships. Recent studies have shown that like primates, some fish species can distinguish familiar fish from unfamiliar strangers via face-recognition. However, the taxa of the studied fish species are restricted (within Perciformes) and the visual signal used for the recognition of fish remains unclear. Here, we investigated the visual signal for individual-recognition in males of a sexually dichromatic guppy (Poecilia reticulata, Cyprinodontiformes). Using guppy males, we examined the hypothesis that fish distinguish between familiar individuals and unknown strangers by their faces rather than by body coloration. We randomly presented focal fish with four types of composite photo-models: familiar (familiar-face and familiar-body = F/F), stranger (stranger-face and stranger-body = S/S), familiar face combined with stranger body (F/S) and stranger face combined with familiar body (S/F). Focal males infrequently attacked familiar-face models but frequently attacked stranger-face models, regardless of body types. These behavioral reactions indicate that guppy males discriminate between familiar and stranger males by their face, not body coloration with wide variation. Importantly, male faces contain clear individual-variation in white/metallic colored patches on the operculum visible for humans. Considering the photo-model, our results suggest that these patches might be an important visual stimulus for face-recognition in guppy males, like some cichlids. Comparative examination among males of different guppy variants, including wild type phenotype, suggests that the face color-patch is stable regardless of variation in body color, with a different genetic mechanism potentially underlying face and body colors.

Enhancement of body coloration of sword-tail fish (Xiphophorus helleri): Plant-derived bio-resources could be converted into a potential dietary carotenoid supplement

The effects of natural plant-derived carotenoid sources on body coloration and growth performance of Sword-Tail Fish (Xiphophorus helleri) were investigated using four different dietary treatments; Commercial Feed (CF), China Rose Flower (CRF), Marigold Flower (MFF), and Carrot (CAF). CF was used as the control treatment without a natural source of carotenoids. The sources were mixed with feed (15 g/100 g) during the diet preparation. Fish were fed with four treatments twice a day for eight weeks, and then sampling was done weekly. A total of 96 fish were used for the experiment, and the mean initial weights were 3.314 g. MFF-treated fishes showed better growth performance in terms of mean weight, length and Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and carotenoid gain than the other treatments. The lowest Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) was also observed in the MFF-treated fish. The study suggested that marigold flower mixed feed could increase the body coloration and boost the growth performance of sword-tail fish and may be manufactured.

Neuronal responses of melanin-concentrating hormone and corticotropin-releasing hormone to background color in the self-fertilizing fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus.

We examined neuronal responses of hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) to background color in the self-fertilizing fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus. Fish were individually reared in lidless white or black cylindrical plastic containers for 15days. The number of MCH-immunoreactive (ir) cell bodies in the nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) of the hypothalamus was significantly greater in the white-acclimated fish, while no significant differences were observed in the nucleus anterior tuberis (NAT) of the hypothalamus. Significant differences were not seen in the number of CRH-ir cell bodies in the NLT between the groups. The body of the white- and black-acclimated fish appeared lighter and darker, respectively, compared with the baseline color. In the black-acclimated fish, feeding activity was significantly greater with a tendency toward higher specific growth rate compared with the observations in white-acclimated fish. No significant inter-group cortisol level differences were observed. These results indicate that background color affects MCH neuronal activity in the NLT as well as body color adaptation but does not affect CRH neuronal activity in K. marmoratus.

‘Biotic’ potential of the red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain JM-01 on the growth, shell pigmentation, and immune defense attributes of the shrimp, Penaeus vannamei

A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa JM-01 in different forms (i.e. LC, live cells; FS, fermentation supernatant; CLS, compound of live cells with fermentation supernatant; SKE, sonication-killed cell-free extracts; HK, heat-killed cells; control, basal diet without R. mucilaginosa) on the growth performance, shell pigmentation, immune responses, and disease resistance of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei. The results indicated that the final weight and specific growth rate of shrimp were significantly improved and the feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced in the CLS and HK groups compared to the control. The redness and yellowness of the ventral body color and shell astaxanthin contents in the LC, CLS, SKE, and HK groups were significantly elevated relative to the control, while the lightness was significantly reduced. The challenge test to Vibrio parahaemolyticus demonstrated that the cumulative mortality was significantly lower than the control in all experimental groups. Compared to the control, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, total superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, total nitric oxide synthase, and catalase activities and total antioxidant capacity and phenoloxidase contents in the serum of shrimp were significantly higher in all experimental groups except the FS group. The relative expression levels of the proPO, SOD, CAT, LZM, Imd, Toll, Relish, TOR, 4E-BP, elF4E1α and elF4E2 genes in the shrimp intestine were significantly enhanced in the LC, CLS, SKE, and HK groups, but only partially induced in the FS group. When the growth performance, body color, astaxanthin contents, and immune responses of shrimp were considered collectively, the compound of live cells with fermentation supernatant exhibited the greatest beneficial effect. However, the postbiotics, i.e. heat-killed cells or sonication-killed cell-free extracts, would be more suited than probiotics in shrimp farming practice, considering the shell-life for storage and the convenience for transportation.

Design of Automatic Pond Water Quality Control in Koi Fish Farm

Koi fish is a type of freshwater ornamental fish that has high economic value. Koi fish have attractive body colors and ideal body shapes so they have good sales prospects. However, koi fish farming has several obstacles, one of which is the low recovery rate and the relatively slow growth of fish. Water quality is the main parameter in the success of a fishing effort. Therefore, this study designed a tool that can help koi fish farmers in unifying the quality of pond water so that koi fish can grow and develop properly. This monitoring system is designed by implementing an automatic control monitoring system to produce good water quality for koi fish farming. Data obtained from water quality monitoring are parameters of pH, ammonia, and water temperature. The results of this cultivator's research can monitor the quality of fish pond water and immediately get water quality control automatically.

Transcriptome of the pygmy grasshopper Formosatettix qinlingensis (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae).

Formosatettix qinlingensis (Zheng, 1982) is a tiny grasshopper endemic to Qinling in China. For further study of its transcriptomic features, we obtained RNA-Seq data by Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing platform. Firstly, transcriptomic analysis showed that transcriptome read numbers of two female and one male samples were 25,043,314, 24,429,905, and 25,034,457, respectively. We assembled 65,977 unigenes, their average length was 1,072.09 bp, and the length of N50 was 2,031 bp. The average lengths of F. qinlingensis female and male unigenes were 911.30 bp, and 941.82 bp, and the N50 lengths were 1,745 bp and 1,735 bp, respectively. Eight databases were used to annotate the functions of unigenes, and 23,268 functional unigenes were obtained. Besides, we also studied the body color, immunity and insecticide resistance of F. qinlingensis. Thirty-nine pigment-related genes were annotated. Some immunity genes and signaling pathways were found, such as JAK-STAT and Toll-LIKE receptor signaling pathways. There are also some insecticide resistance genes and signal pathways, like nAChR, GST and DDT. Further, some of these genes were differentially expressed in female and male samples, including pigment, immunity and insecticide resistance. The transcriptomic study of F. qinlingensis will provide data reference for gene prediction and molecular expression study of other Tetrigidae species in the future. Differential genetic screening of males and females provides a basis for studying sex and immune balance in insects.

Coordinated microRNA/mRNA Expression Profiles Reveal Unique Skin Color Regulatory Mechanisms in Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus).

The Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) has been increasingly popular in the aquaculture market in China in recent years. In the breeding process of Andrias davidianus, we found that some albino individuals were extremely rare and could not be inherited stably, which severely limits their commercialization in the aquaculture market. In this study, we performed transcriptome and small RNA (sRNA) sequencing analyses in the skin samples of wild-type (WT) and albino (AL) Andrias davidianus. In total, among 5517 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 2911 DEGs were down-regulated in AL, including almost all the key genes involved in melanin formation. A total of 25 miRNAs were differentially expressed in AL compared to WT, of which 17 were up-regulated. Through the integrated analysis, no intersection was found between the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs and the key genes for melanin formation. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses on DEGs showed that these genes involved multiple processes relevant to melanin synthesis and the key signal pathway MAPK. Interestingly, the transcription factors SOX10 and PAX3 and the Wnt signaling pathway that play a key role in other species were not included, while the other two transcription factors in the SOX family, SOX21 and SOX7, were included. After analyzing the key genes for melanin formation, it was interesting to note an alternative splicing form of the MITF in WT and a critical mutation of the SLC24A5 gene in AL, which might be the main reason for the skin color change of Andrias davidianus. The results contributed to understanding the molecular mechanism of skin pigmentation in Andrias davidianus and accelerating the acquisition process of individuals with specific body colors by genetic means.

Photobleach effect of multi-color emitting carbon dots for UV-light sensing

Carbon dots (CDs) have been developed as prospective nanomaterials for sensing applications owing to their cost-effectiveness, thermal stability, low toxicity, and unique luminescence properties. CDs sensors have been widely used for ion detection but rarely for light detection. Herein, fluorescent CDs from carbon black containing refilled blue ink has been prepared by a solvothermal reaction-assisted straightforward one-pot route under mild temperature conditions. The body color of the as-prepared CDs solution is light brown and shows blue emission under ultraviolet (UV)-light excitation. The UV-light detecting film has been developed by blending the CDs/poly(vinyl alcohol) solution and examined its sensitivity with the increase of UV-light irradiation time. The progression in the body (light-brown to purple) and emission (blue to orange) colors are distinguishable and demonstrates their feasibility in developing the high-performance CDs-based UV detectors.

Coloring with Spiders: Our Favorites from Florida

Florida has a rich diversity of spiders that vary greatly in body shape, size, color, hunting strategy, and habitat. While spiders are often feared, they are generally non-aggressive and provide essential ecosystem services, such as controlling pest insects in homes, gardens, and agricultural crops. This downloadable educational coloring book focused on spiders provides a creative way for people of all ages to appreciate the beauty and intrigue of spiders. It accompanies An introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders, a facts sheet highlighting some of the most commonly encountered spiders in Florida and some less common, but particularly charismatic, groups. The fact sheet, available at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/IN1366, provides information on species biology along with images and descriptions for spiders across 15 families.

An Introduction to Some Common and Charismatic Florida Spiders

Florida has a rich diversity of spiders that vary greatly in body shape, size, color, hunting strategy, and habitat. While spiders are often feared, they are generally non-aggressive and provide essential ecosystem services, such as controlling pest insects in homes, gardens, and agricultural crops. This publication highlights some of the most commonly encountered spiders in Florida and some less common, but particularly charismatic, groups. The publication provides information on species biology along with images and descriptions for spiders across 15 families. Accompanying the publication is a downloadable educational coloring book focused on spiders, providing a creative way for people of all ages to appreciate the beauty and intrigue of spiders.

Velvet Family Members Regulate Pigment Synthesis of the Fruiting Bodies of Auricularia cornea.

Color is a crucial feature to consider when breeding and improving strains of Auricularia cornea. To uncover the mechanism of white strain formation in A. cornea, this study selected parental strains that were homozygous for the color trait and analyzed the genetic laws of A. cornea color through genetic population construction, such as test-cross, back-cross, and self-cross populations, and the statistical analysis of color trait segregation. Moreover, the study developed SSR molecular markers to construct a genetic linkage map, perform the fine mapping the color-controlling genetic locus, and verify candidate genes using yeast two-hybrid, transcriptome analysis, and different light treatments. The results of the study indicated that the color trait of A. cornea is controlled by two pairs of alleles. When both pairs of loci are dominant, the fruiting body is purple, while when both pairs of loci are recessive or one pair of loci is recessive, the fruiting body is white. Based on the linkage map, the study finely mapped the color locus within Contig9_29,619bp-53,463bp in the A. cornea genome and successfully predicted the color-controlling locus gene A18078 (AcveA), which belongs to the Velvet factor family protein and has a conserved structure domain of the VeA protein. It can form a dimer with the VelB protein to inhibit pigment synthesis in filamentous fungi. Lastly, the study validated the interaction between AcVeA and VelB (AcVelB) in A. cornea at the gene, protein, and phenotype levels, revealing the mechanism of inhibition of pigment synthesis in A. cornea. Under dark conditions, dimerization occurs, allowing it to enter the nucleus and inhibit pigment synthesis, leading to a lighter fruiting body color. However, under light conditions, the dimer content is low and cannot enter the nucleus to inhibit pigment synthesis. In summary, this study clarified the mechanism of white strain formation in A. cornea, which could aid in improving white strains of A. cornea and studying the genetic basis of color in other fungi.

An Attempt to Identify the Medaka Receptor for Somatolactin Alpha Using a Reverse Genetics Approach.

Somatolactin alpha (SLα) is a fish-specific hormone involved in body color regulation. The growth hormone (GH) is another hormone that is expressed in all vertebrates and promotes growth. These peptide hormones act by binding to receptors (SLα receptor (SLR) and GH receptor (GHR)); however, the relationships between these ligands and their receptors vary among species. Here, we first performed phylogenetic tree reconstruction by collecting the amino-acid sequences classified as SLR, GHR, or GHR-like from bony fish. Second, we impaired SLR or GHR functions in medaka (Oryzias sakaizumii) using CRISPR/Cas9. Lastly, we analyzed SLR and GHR mutants for phenotypes to deduce their functions. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction was performed using a total of 222 amino-acid sequences from 136 species, which revealed that many GHRa and GHRb are vaguely termed as GHR or GHR-like, while showing no orthologous/paralogous relationships. SLR and GHR mutants were successfully established for phenotyping. SLR mutants exhibited premature lethality after hatching, indicating an essential role for SLR in normal growth. GHR mutations did not affect viability, body length, or body color. These results provide no evidence that either SLR or GHR functions as a receptor for SLα; rather, phylogenetically and functionally, they seem to be receptors for GH, although their (subfunctionalized) roles warrant further investigation.

Anisakid nematodes from the largehead hairtail fish (Trichiurus lepturus) from the northern coast of Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Setyobudi E, Murwantoko, Utami AMR, Syarifah RF. 2023. Anisakid nematodes from the largehead hairtail fish (Trichiurus lepturus) from the northern coast of Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1560-1568. Hairtail fish has been frequently reported to be infected by anisakid nematodes. This study aims to determine the presence of anisakid nematodes on the large-head hairtail fish (Trichiurus lepturus) from the northern coast of the Java Sea, Indonesia. In total, 306 hairtail fish were collected from the northern coast of Java. Each fish sample was measured its length and weighed, then dissected to examine the presence of anisakid nematode. The anisakid larva examination was conducted in the body cavity, internal organs, digestive tract, and muscles. The anisakid nematodes found were then separated and grouped based on morphological appearance, namely body color and size. Selected samples from each anisakid group and sampling location were extracted and identified molecularly by the direct sequencing method. The findings showed that the larvae of anisakid nematodes infect the T. lepturus with different prevalence and average intensity at each location (P: 38.0-100%, MI: 3.33-42.88 larvae/ind.). Mostly anisakid larvae were found in the body cavity and were not found in the muscle. Most of the T. lepturus from the northern coasts of Cirebon and Pati were infected with anisakid at low intensity (?5 larvae/individual). The high intensity of anisakid larval infection was shown by the hairtail originating from Rembang and Tuban (>20 larvae/ind.). Molecular identification showed that three anisakids were isolated from hairtails from the northern coast of Java, namely Anisakis typica, Hysterothylacium amoyense, and Raphidascaris lophii. Information on anisakid species and their distribution is important as a reference for fish handling and processing, the assessment of the human health risk, and the development of these nematodes as biological tags.

Eye morphology and colour preferences in a semi-field test of the pine pest, Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)

The woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, is a global pest of pines. Although it is known to be attracted to light and possess sexually dimorphic body colouration, the visual ecology of S. noctilio is poorly understood. Photoreceptor sensitivity of the compound eyes in S. noctilio is not sexually dimorphic. These previous results suggest that colour tracking of one sex by the other might not be an important input for mate searching. This study aimed to expand our knowledge of the visual system of S. noctilio by means of i) morphological description of the compound eyes and ocelli; and ii) semi-field behavioural tests of the colour preference of newly emerged wasps. Eye and ocellus morphological features were investigated in 21 males and 21 females. Measurement of male and female median ocellus diameter, compound eye surface area, number of ommatidia and facet diameter varied from 0.22 to 0.40 mm, 0.589 to 2.277 mm2, 1820 to 4207 and 1.88 × 10–2 to 2.82 × 10–2 mm, respectively. In addition, all traits significantly correlated with body size. Male and female wasps emerged from infested host material in a flight cage with five traps, each reflecting a different colour. Analysis of trap captures did not identify any colour preference, but an effect of trap location was observed with traps in the north-eastern position capturing more woodwasps, suggesting that other factors, e.g., global landmarks or other non-colour visual cues might guide initial flight behaviour of S. noctilio.

Impact of background colorations on growth, movement behavior, and some body physiological factors of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.

This study tested the reverence of background color with growth, movement behavior, and some body physiological factors in Nile tilapia. Fish were first acclimatized for two weeks in 80 L glass aquaria. In the experimental design, three groups were maintained separately. In 1st group, glass aquaria were covered with black, 2nd with green charts, and 3rd remained uncovered and maintained as a control group. All groups were in three replicates and fed on a 30% protein diet. All fishes were closely observed for movement behavior and growth-related parameters. On the 28th day, fish were anesthetized and blood was drawn from the caudal fin to determine some hematological parameters, cortisol, and glucose level. The highest weight gain and the greatest number of movements throughout the aquarium were observed in the control group. Furthermore, aquarium color determined the body pigmentation color. Black aquarium had the lowest weight gain, glucose level, FCR, DFI, FCE, and CF, while green aquarium had the highest cortisol level. Histological changes observed in black aquaria fish included reduced lamellar size, deformed blood vessels, and cardiac muscle fascicle in the gills, liver, and heart, respectively, while green aquaria fish showed fused lamellae, necrosis, fibrosis, endomiocardiac hyperplasia, and cardiac muscle fascicle. It was concluded that background coloration has a significant effect on the growth performance, behavior, hematology, body color, histology, cortisol, and glucose levels of Oreochromis niloticus, with green background inducing significant stress while black background causes black pigmentation with less growth.

New species of the march-flies close to Bibio marci (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera, Bibionidae)

A complex of species with black body of both sexes close to Bibio marci (Linnaeus, 1758) was studied. The material was collected in Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, North Africa (Morocco), and Canary Islands. Four new species are described: Bibio alborzensis sp. n., B. admirabilis sp. n., B. maroccanus sp. n. and B. pravdini sp. n. di ering in body coloration, wing venation, structure and pubescence of female head and morphology of male terminalia (tergite 9, cerci, hypoproct and aedeagus). A key to species based on the characters of both sexes is given.

Genome editing of the vermilion locus generates a visible eye color marker for Oncopeltusfasciatus

Insects display a vast array of eye and body colors. Genes encoding products involved in biosynthesis and deposition of pigments are ideal genetic markers, contributing, for example, to the power of Drosophila genetics. Oncopeltusfasciatus is an emerging model for hemimetabolous insects, a member of the piercing-sucking feeding order Hemiptera, that includes pests and disease vectors. To identify candidate visible markers for O.fasciatus, we used parental and nymphal RNAi to identify genes that altered eye or body color while having no deleterious effects on viability. We selected Of-vermilion for CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, generating three independent loss-of-function mutant lines. These studies mapped Of-vermilion to the X-chromosome, the first assignment of a gene to a chromosome in this species. Of-vermilion homozygotes have bright red, rather than black, eyes and are fully viable and fertile. We used these mutants to verify a role for Of-xdh1, ortholog of Drosophilarosy, in contributing to red pigmentation using RNAi. Rather than wild-type-like red bodies, bugs lacking both vermilion and xdh1 have bright yellow bodies, suggesting that ommochromes and pteridines contribute to O.fasciatus body color. Our studies generated the first gene-based visible marker for O.fasciatus and expanded the genetic toolkit for this model system.

A phylogenetic and taxonomic assessment of the Cnemaspis alwisi group (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) in Sri Lanka with a description of two new species from isolated misty-mountains

Sri Lanka is a local hotspot for Cnemaspis day geckos with 40 currently known species with 100% endemism. In this paper, we evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of Cnemaspis species belonging to the alwisi group of the podihuna clade and describe two additional new species of Cnemaspis from Sri Lanka; one from Galgiriya mountain, Kurunegala District, and another from Ethagala mountain, Ampara District. These new species were recorded from granite caves within forested areas in isolated mountains in the dry bioclimatic zone (point-endemics). Both new species are microhabitat specialists with narrow niches limited to humid, cool, canopy-shaded granite caves and old buildings associated with granite caves, where they are camouflaged by their cryptic morphology and body colouration. Furthermore, both species prefer narrow (~ 6–12 mm), long (~ 120–450 mm) and deep (~ 80–260 mm) crevices as refugia. The regions in which these habitats are located receive relatively low annual rainfall (1,000–1,500 mm). These new species are medium in size (28.5–36.8 mmSVL) and can be differentiated from all other Sri Lankan Cnemaspis by the presence of clearly enlarged, subhexagonal subcaudal scales and the absence of precloacal pores in males. Both species described here are categorised herein as Critically Endangered (CR) under the IUCN Red List criteria. The major threats for these new species are habitat loss due to expansion of commercial-scale agriculture, illicit forest encroachments, and forest fires. Therefore, we recommend that relevant authorities take immediate conservation action to ensure the protection of these forest areas with their buffer zones in the near future.

Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase: A Key Gene for Color Discrimination of Edible Mushroom Flammulina velutipes

In nature; Flammulina velutipes, also known as winter mushrooms, vary in the color of their fruiting bodies, from black, yellow, pale yellow, or beige to white. The purpose of this study was to compare the genome sequences of different colored strains of F. velutipes and to identify variations in the genes associated with fruiting body color. Comparative genomics of six F. velutipes strains revealed 70 white-strain-specific variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (indels), in the genome sequences. Among them, 36 variations were located in the open reading frames, and only one variation was identified as a mutation with a disruptive in-frame deletion (ΔGCGCAC) within the annotated gene phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 (Fvpal1). This mutation was found to cause a deletion, without a frameshift, of two amino acids at positions 112 and 113 (arginine and threonine, respectively) in the Fvpal1 gene of the white strain. Specific primers to detect this mutation were designed, and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to evaluate whether the mutation is color specific for the F. velutipes fruiting body. PCR analysis of a total of 95 F. velutipes strains revealed that this mutation was present only in white strains. In addition, monospores of the heterozygous mutant were isolated, and whether this mutation was related to the color of the fruiting body was evaluated by a mating assay. In the mating analysis of monospores with mutations in Fvpal1, it was found that this mutation plays an important role in determining the color of the fruiting body. Furthermore, the deletion (Δ112RT113) in Fvpal1 is located between motifs that play a key role in the catalytic function of FvPAL1. These results suggest that this mutation can be used as an effective marker for the color-specific breeding of F. velutipes, a representative edible mushroom.

PERFORMA KUALITATIF DAN KUANTITATIF AYAM KAMPUNG (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) DI PETERNAKAN PEMBIBITAN THE MOTHER

This study aims to identify the quantitative and qualitative performance of native chickens in The Mother breeding farm. This study used 50 male native chickens and 50 female native chickens aged 7 months. Variables observed included body hair pattern color, comb shape, comb color, shank color, eye color, beak color, body weight, chest circumference, shank length, shank circumference, body length, pubic bone length to chest, pubic bone distance and length wing span. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the body color of the male is Columbian (100%), while the female is solid black (62%), columbian (22%) and speckled or dotted (16%). The male cockscomb is pea (86%) and single (14%), while the female is pea (70%), walnut (20%) and single (10%). The color of the male comb is red (100%), while the female is red (98%) and black (2%). The shank color of males is yellow (74%), black (14%) and white (12%), females are black (74%), white (16%) and yellow (10%). Male eye color is orange (76%) and yellow (24%), while females are orange (66%), yellow (20%) and brown (14%). The color of the male's beak is yellow (54%), black and yellow (38%) and white (8%), while the female's beak is black and yellow (82%), yellow (10%) and white (8%). The results of the quantitative characteristics of the study showed that the male body weight was 2.22 ± 2.02 kg and the female was 1.71 ± 0.25 kg, the male chest circumference was 33.9 ± 3.68 cm and the female was 30.67 ± 2.08 cm, the length male shank 9.61 ± 0.89 cm and female 27 ± 0.59 cm, male shank circumference 5.52 ± 0.65 cm and female 4.4 ± 0.5 cm, male body length 20.27 ± 1.17 cm and female 20.40 ± 2.27 cm, the length of the pubic bone to the chest of the female is 7.87 ± 1.06 cm, the distance between the pubic bones is 2.8 ± 0.49 cm, the length of the male wing span is 23.28 ±2.18 cm and females 16.61±2.44 cm. The conclusion of this study is that the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of free-range chickens on The Mother farm are diverse and selection can be made. Keywords: Domestication chicken, Selection, Quality breeds, Lampung Province