Body Chaetotaxy Research Articles

Description of life cycle and immature stages of Yphthimoides celmis (Godart, [1824]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a contribution to the taxonomic status of the genus.

This article describes the immature stages of the satyrid butterfly Yphthimoides celmis (Godart) for the first time. Morphology, head and body chaetotaxy, and coloration patterns are compared with those of other Yphthimoides species. Larvae behavioral aspects and oviposition behavior are also documented here. Overwintering larvae are observed for the first time for this genus. The larval stage has four or five instars in non-overwintering while six in overwintering larvae. The average duration of the life cycle is around 82 days for non-overwintering, while it is 227 days for overwintering larvae under laboratory conditions. The increase in instar stages and the development time duration of immature stages in overwintering larvae may be due to climatic conditions in the study area and also a strategy to survive the cold season. Eggs have irregular pentagonal and hexagonal cells. First instar larvae have a dark head capsule and a pattern of reddish stripes along their body, with clubbed body setae. Pupae are short and smooth with a non-uniform brown color, presenting a lighter clypeus and a darker ventral portion in the cremaster. We consider that the morphological information of immature stages can improve further phylogenetic studies.

A new synonym of the ground beetle Pterostichus bandotaro Tanaka, 1958 (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

The endophallus structure of Pterostichus neglectoides Budilov, 2022, which was described from the Jewish Autonomous Region (Russia), is completely identical to that of P. bandotaro Tanaka, 1958, which was described from Honshu (Japan). The external morphology of the two is also identical in terms of body size, overall shape, surface punctures, and chaetotaxy. Therefore, a new synonymy is proposed: Pterostichus bandotaro Tanaka, 1958 = Pterostichus neglectoides Budilov, 2022, syn. n. This taxonomic treatment led to the first record of P. bandotaro from the Asian continent.

New species and records of Tullbergiidae (Collembola, Poduromorpha) from Xinjiang province, Northwest China.

The Tullbergiidae of Xinjiang Province, Northwest China were studied from this region for the first time. Six species belonging to four genera are identified from 260 specimens. A new species Multivesicula zhengi sp. nov. is described and illustrated, two new Chinese records Wankeliella intermedia Potapov Stebaeva, 1997 and Mesaphorura critica Ellis, 1976 are redescribed and photographed based on new materials. In addition, Mesaphorura pacifica Rusek, 1976, Mesaphorura yosii (Rusek, 1967) and Paratullbergia qilianensis Bu Gao, 2019 are also recorded in Xinjiang for the first time. Multivesicula zhengi sp. nov. is characterized by the pseudocelli formula as 11/122/11111, seta px on Abd. IV is present, and sensillum p3 on Abd. V is weakly differentiated. The new species can be distinguished from all congeners by the body chaetotaxy and the pseudocellus formula.

Geotomus granulosus, a peculiar sehirine-like new species of the subfamily Cydninae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Burundi

Geotomus granulosus sp. n. is described from Burundi, and is the third burrower bug species recorded hitherto from this country. This burrower bug resembles species of two Sehirinae genera, i.e. Ochetostethus Fieber, 1860 and Ochetostethomorpha Schumacher, 1913, in its dorsal body habitus. However, all its crucial diagnostic characters (the body chaetotaxy, the shape of evaporatoria and the peritreme, the meso- and metathoracic wings venation, and the shape of spermatheca) demonstrate it represents the genus Geotomus Mulsant et Rey, 1866 (subfamily Cydninae, tribe Geotomini sensu lato).

Morphology of egg and larva of the lawn cutworm Spodoptera depravata (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Spodoptera depravata (Butler) is an important lawn pest in northeastern Asian countries, and its larvae mainly target the leaves of Gramineae crops. However, the morphological traits of egg and larva of this species have not been well elucidated. In this study, we examined the external morphology and ultrastructure of egg and larva of S. depravata using light and scanning electron microscopy. The egg is subspherical and covered with abundant female hair silk (modified scales). The upper exochorion sculpture consists of a dense network of irregular contiguous polygonal cells, with 2–3 micropyles at the top. Three types of sensilla were observed on larval antenna and maxilla: sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica and sensilla styloconica. The larva, eruciform, bears three pairs of thoracic legs, and five pairs of prolegs on abdominal segment III to VI and X (anal prolegs), respectively. The crochets of prolegs are arranged in uniordinal mesal penellipse, and protected by membranous stripes. Besides, the head and body chaetotaxy of S. depravata were illustrated and described in detail. This study also briefly discussed the application of morphological traits of eggs and larvae to classification and systematic studies on Spodoptera species.

Two New Cyphoderus Nicolet (Collembola: Paronellidae) of the "bidenticulati-group" with Dental Plurichaetosis from Brazil.

Two new species of Cyphoderus are described; full body chaetotaxy is given. Cyphoderus pataxo sp. nov. and Cyphoderus palaciosi sp. nov. were originally found in metalogenic areas covered with transitional vegetation of savanna and subtropical forest from Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Both new species are part of the "bidenticulati-group," with mucronal formula 'Aa' and show remarkable plurichaetosis on posterior manubrium and dens.

Four new species of Parajapyx (Diplura: Parajapygidae) from Mexico with redescription of Parajapyx isabellae aztecus Silvestri.

Four new Mexican Parajapyx species are described: P. silvestrii sp. nov. differs from P. adisi Pagés by the presence of one ma macroseta on mesoscutum, metascutum and abdominal scutum I; P. pagesi sp. nov. differs from P. grassianus Silvestri in the arrangement and number of macrosetae on all abdominal scuta; P. brunocondei sp. nov. is characterized by the unique feature of 50 glandular setae on the subcoxal organs and femur with one macroseta; P. yunyanorum sp. nov. differs from P. reymi Pagés by having some reduced macrosetae on the mesoscutum and metascutum and one lp macroseta lacking on abdominal II to VII scuta. A redescription of P. isabellae aztecus Silvestri, 1948 is presented including additional characters not previously reported, such as complete body chaetotaxy and descriptions of leg III, antennae and cercus. An identification key is presented for Mexican species of Parajapyx.

Two New Species of Sminthurides Börner, 1900 (Collembola: Sminthurididae) from Mexico with Comments on the Genus and a Key to the Members from the Americas.

A survey of Sminthurides Börner, 1900 with specimens from the Americas was performed and two new species from Mexico are described and illustrated (drawings and SEM photographs), including a detailed study of body chaetotaxy. Sminthurides cihuatlensis sp. nov. is part of the Aquaticus group by the presence of ciliate seta B1 on Ant. II; it has a narrow mucro and lives in soil from the slopes of Iztaccíhuatl volcano. Sminthurides fridakahloae sp. nov. belongs to the Penicillifer group by the presence of Tra-2 on the Ant. II; it has a broad, trilamellate mucro, dens with plurichaetosis, and lives on surface freshwater from Colima and Morelos states. In addition, a key for the species is provided.

Contribution to the genus Plutomurus Yosii (Collembola, Tomoceridae): notes on the morphology of Plutomurus carpaticus Rusek amp; Weiner and P. unidentatus (Börner).

In two European species of the genus Plutomurus Yosii, P. carpaticus Rusek Weiner and P. unidentatus (Börner), several diagnostic morphological characters are specified and illustrated: body chaetotaxy, number of internal spine-like chaetae on tibiotarsi and number of teeth on claw. The contribution is based on the study of type specimens of both species and specimens of other populations of their distribution ranges. The numerous specimens of the genus Plutomurus collected recently in the Western Carpathian caves are the most similar to P. carpaticus, but differ in macrochaetotaxy and may represent a new species. Three types of macrochaetae on thorax and abdomen of Plutomurus congeners from the Europe and Caucasus are defined. Identification key to European Plutomurus species is provided.

DNA barcoding for revealing a possible new species of Anurophorus (Collembola: Isotomidae) associated with Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson)

The Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson) is native to the higher mountains of South Korea, including the upper part of the Mt. Hallasan National Park, which is designated as the Biosphere Reserve of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. This species is considered as endangered and climate-sensitive bioindicator. We collected a species of Anurophorus (Collembola) from withered and rolled leaves of Korean fir, which is distributing at >1,300 m in altitude on Mt. Hallasan. There are 6 species of this genus in the Korean Peninsula, except the collected species (designated as Anurophorus sp.) with clear differences among them. Anurophorus sp. is most similar to A. laricis Nicolet in the general pattern of body chaetotaxy but was characterized by the number of knobbed hairs on tibiotarsi of all legs. Partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were used as DNA barcodes to distinguish the species and to verify its usefulness. It shows clear difference in genetic distance between studied other Anurophorus spp. The result indicates that the COI barcodes is a useful tool for species discrimination of Anurophorus, and Anurophorus sp. studied here is likely to be new to science.

Two new species of Collembola (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) from Minas Gerais, Brazil

Two new species of Collembola are described, full body chaetotaxy is given. Ptenothrix dalii sp. nov. and Seira pietata sp. nov. were originally found in metalogenic areas covered with transitional vegetation of savanna and forest in Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Ptenothrix dalii sp. nov. is part of the "gracilis-group" of species, with large, blunt macrochaetae on head and body. Seira pietata sp. nov. is part of the "andensis-group" of species, lacking macrochaeta on abdominal segment I.

Report on a new species of Plutomurus (Collembola, Tomoceridae)from a South Korean limestone cave, with notes on its DNA barcode.

A new species of Plutomurus Yosii, 1956, P. jangamensis sp. nov., was found in a limestone cave of South Korea. The new species is very similar to P. gul (Yosii, 1966) in the general pattern of cephalic and body chaetotaxy, absence of eye, presence of pointed tenent hair, number of lateral macrochaetae in basal segment of dens, and number of mucronal intermediate tooth; however, the two species can be distinguished by the small spines arranged in-a-row along with dental spines and lighter body color. This species, however, shows variability and was not easily classified morphologically as P. jangamensis sp. nov. and P. gul., in terms of body color, formula of dental spine, or even the number of prelabral chaetae. Partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were used as DNA barcodes to distinguish the species. This result suggests that the COI gene is useful for discrimination of P. jangamensis sp. nov. with high support (bootstrap=100). An identification key to the world species of Plutomurus is also provided.

A new species of Acerentulus Berlese, 1908 (Protura, Acerentomata, Acerentomidae) from Bulgaria with a revised key to the confinis group.

A new species, Acerentulus bulgaricussp. nov., belonging to the confinis group, is described from Bulgaria. This species is characterized by long foretarsal sensilla a and b, the posterior position of foretarsal seta δ4, the presence of seta P1a on abdominal tergites II–VII and seta P3a on abdominal tergite VII, possession of eight anterior setae on abdominal tergite VII and composed spsm pores on sternite VI. The new species differs from all members of the confinis group in possessing P1a setae on tergites II–VII. Otherwise it is similar in body chaetotaxy and porotaxy to three species of the cunhai group, A. proximus, A. correzeanus and A. tuxeni. The identification key to 22 Acerentulus species belonging to confinis group is revised.

The morphology of the preimaginal stages of Cleopomiarusmicros (Germar, 1821) (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) and notes on its biology.

As yet little is known of the bionomics of weevils of the genus Cleopomiarus Pierce, 1919; current knowledge is limited to data on the morphology and biology of the preimaginal stages of certain species. This paper includes original information on the life cycle of Cleopomiarusmicros (Germar, 1821). It presents the morphology of the egg, last larva (L3) and pupa. Data on the host plant (Jasionemontana L.) and breeding plant (Campanulapatula L.) and on the oviposition and phenology of the species are updated. The anatomy of the third-stage larva of C.micros shares certain traits with other species of the tribe Mecinini Gistel, 1848. Comparison of the morphology of preimaginal stages of C.micros with those previously described for other species of the genera Cleopomiarus and Miarus Schönherr, 1826 – previously considered the same genus – reveals species differences in larval body length, colour of the body and epicranium, and chaetotaxy of head and body.

Redescription of Isotoma grana Lee, Kim Kim, 1993 and description of a new species of Isotoma Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola: Isotomidae) from Korea.

A new species, Isotoma koreana sp. nov. is described. It is most similar to Isotoma pinnata Börner, 1909, I. riparia (Nicolet, 1842) and I. grana Lee, Kim Kim, 1993, in possessing a middorsal longitudinal band on body. It can be distinguished in having a thin central stripe on dorsal side of body, the structure of manubrial apical spines and body chaetotaxy. Isotoma grana is redescribed here from type material and compared with related species. An indentification key to the Sino-Japanese species of Isotoma Bourlet is provided.

Taxonomy of a predaceous springtail: the revision of the Palaearctic species of Metisotoma Maynard, 1951.

Metisotoma grandiceps (Reuter, 1891), the only veritable predator among springtails, is redescribed from materials collected near the type locality (Taimyr) and from Siberia and Far East. Its distribution in Holarctic is stated and the taxonomic position is discussed. A syntype of M. macnamarai (Folsom, 1918) (Canada) and the holotype of M. ursi (Yosii, 1972) (Japan) were redescribed as far as was possible. Two new species, M. stebaevae sp. nov. and M. bermani sp. nov., from the Altai Mountains and Magadan Region are described. Labial palp, number of s-setae, macrochaetotaxy, and ventral chaetotaxy of body are considered to be of diagnostic value separating the species. Some observations of predator behavior in laboratory conditions are presented.

A key for the determination of European species of Eosentomon Berlese, 1909 (Protura, Eosentomata, Eosentomidae).

European species of Eosentomon are examined. A taxonomic key to identification of 61 Eosentomon species is provided based on body chaetotaxy, shape, and position of sensilla on the foretarsus and shape of sensilla on the maxillary palps. Biogeographically, 13 of the known European Eosentomon species are known only from their type localities.

Two new Cyphoderus (Collembola: Paronellidae) of "tridenticulati" and "bidenticulati" groups from Brazilian Amazon.

Two new species of Cyphoderus Nicolet are described from northern Brazil: C. mucrominimus sp. nov. from Curionópolis, Pará; and C. mucrostrimenus sp. nov. from Parauapebas, Pará. These species belong to tridenticulati and bidenticulati groups respectively. The chaetotaxy of head and whole body are described and an identification key for the species with recorded distribution in Brazil is provided.

Collembola of the genus Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 (Onychiuridae) in the Eastern Palearctic: morphology, distribution, identification key.

Seven new species, Protaphorura jernika sp. n., Protaphorura abscondita sp. n., Protaphorura tuvinica sp. n., Protaphorura vasilinae sp. n., Protaphorura sayanica sp. n., Protaphorura oligopseudocellata sp. n. and Protaphorura nikolai sp. n. from different habitats of the southern Siberia and Far East of Russia, are described. Protaphorura ombrophila (Stach, 1960) is redescribed based on the type specimens. These species differ one from other and from all known species by dorsal and ventral pseudocellar formulae, number of pseudocelli on subcoxae 1 of legs I–III, parapseudocellar formula, chaetotaxy of body, structure of claw, size of postantennal organ and body length. Geographical distribution of all known Protaphorura species of Eastern Palearctic was analysed and an identification key to 50 species was provided.

New troglomorphic species of Tomocerus with well-developed postantennal organs (Collembola: Tomoceridae).

Three new troglobitic species of Tomocerus are described from the southwestern karsts of China. All of them have well developed postantennal organs. Tomocerus dong sp. nov. is similar to Tomocerus postantennalis Yu, Zhang & Deharveng and Tomocerus deharvengi sp. nov., but is different from them mainly in the number of prelabral chaetae and the dorsal body chaetotaxy. T. deharvengi sp. nov. is very similar to T. postantennalis but differs from the latter in the cephalic chaetotaxy, the number of manubrial pseudopores and the number of dental spines. T. cthulhu sp. nov. is peculiar for the multi-furcated vesicles of ventral tube, and is different from the three aforementioned species mainly in the dorsal body chaetotaxy. The position of the new species and the relationships between them are discussed.