Anthropometric Measurements Body Research Articles

Role of Asprosin as a Biomarker of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Background The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects 20 to 45 percent of people worldwide, is the liver pandemic of the twenty-first century. As a result of the growing obesity epidemic, NAFLD is now a chronic liver condition that has a global distribution. NAFLD affects between 15 to 40 percent of the general population and 90 percent of obese people. Aim of the Work The aim of our study is to measure serum level of asprosin in patients with Non- alcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD) to detect its relation to the incidence and severity of non- alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Patients and Methods The current case-control study was conducted at Damietta Gastroenterology & Cardiology Center aiming to evaluate serum asprosin levels in NAFLD patients compared to healthy controls, and to elucidate its relation to disease severity. We included a total of 90 subjects who were divided into two groups; Cases group included 45 patients with NAFLD, and Control group included 45 healthy matched controls. All participants were subjected to history taking, clinical examination (including anthropometric body measurements like BMI, waist and hip circumference), pelviabdominal ultrasound (for assessment of liver and spleen size), and laboratory investigations (including CBC, liver and renal function tests; lipid profile, blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin). Additionally, serum asprosin was measured in both groups. Results The study found that BMI, waist and hip circumference, WH ratio, prevalence of diabetes, liver size, fasting and postprandial glucose, HbA1C, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, LDL and HDL levels, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, FIB-4 score, and asprosin levels were significantly higher in the NAFLD group compared to controls. Platelet count, total leucocytic count, serum bilirubin, albumin, and INR were not significantly different between the two groups. Serum asprosin levels showed a sensitivity and specificity of 77.8% and 51.1%, respectively, in identifying patients with NAFLD. Conclusion Based on our study findings, serum asprosin could be used a surrogate marker for the diagnosis of NAFLD with high sensitivity and moderate specificity. However, its level has no significant correlation with the degree of liver fibrosis in such cases.

Development of a Clothing Sizing System for Benghazian Children Based on Anthropometric Measurements

the current study is the second step towards the overall objective of development of a clothing sizing system for Libyan children based on anthropometric body measurements of Libyan school children. The aim of this paper is to examine anthropometric measurements for students in grades four, five and six in the basic education stage, to collect body measurements of school children in Benghazi and analyze them using simple statistical methods that would help determining the body ranges and variations present for students in the three grades and use them, in turn, to develop sizing system of these grades. The anthropometric data were analyzed using Minitab program. ANOVA and kruskal-Wallis tests were used to identify differences between age groups. The results showed that there are differences between the most body measurements except the arm length and waist to hip length. These differences were taken into account when developing the sizing system. Pearson correlation coefficients analysis was carried out to determine the interrelationships between the various body measurements. From these findings it can be concluded that the weight is very strongly correlated with some dimensions. Height and weight measurements were used as a guide to determine the size of clothes. The mean values and the standard deviation were used for creating size steps for the size chart. Three kinds of sizes were identified: L (large), M (medium) and S (small).

Comparison of changes in body anthropometric measurements with medical nutrition treatment of turkish and arab individuals with obesity

Comparison of changes in body anthropometric measurements with medical nutrition treatment of turkish and arab individuals with obesity

An analysis of indices and ratios in anthropometric body measurements among team sports athletes

Background: Physical indices and proportions based on anthropometry are crucial for determining the performance of players in team sports. The study aims to analyze the anthropometric status, body mass and shape indices, including waist-to-hip and height ratios, among athletes from different team sports.
 Methods: Study involved 135 male team-sport athletes specializing in basketball, handball, and volleyball, with 45 players in each sport. Researchers collected anthropometric data, including chronological age (CA), height (Ht), weight (Wt), body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC) and hip circumferences (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height ratio (WHtR), and a body shape index (ABSI). To compare variables across groups, descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA with LSD post-hoc tests used. Relationships within each group were examined using correlation analysis.
 Results: The ANOVA findings indicated f values (2, 132) for CA at 0.57, p=0.57, BMI at 0.59, p=0.56, WC at 2.10, p=0.13, WHR at 1.37, p=0.27, and ABSI at 1.41, p=0.25, respectively, revealing no significant disparities among the groups. Conversely, Ht at 13.36, p=0.00, Wt at 5.74, p=0.00, HC at 6.33, p=0.00, and WHtR at 3.60, p=0.03, respectively, highlighted significant variations between the groups. Furthermore, the correlation of BMI, WC, HC, WHR, WHtR, and ABSI in each group showed a strong positive correlation (p<0.01).
 Conclusions: Athletes in team sports were found to have similar body mass and shape indices, including ratios for WHR, while the WHtR ratio showed significant variations among the groups. Despite these differences, measures of athletes’ health metrics across these sports remain within safe, normal ranges.

The effect of anthropometric measurements and muscle endurance of the trunk and lower extremities on anatomic body awareness in healthy individuals with different levels of physical activity.

The interaction between anthropometric measurements and muscular endurance and how these factors manifest in anatomical body awareness have not yet been fully investigated. It was aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity, body anthropometric measurements and endurance and anatomical body awareness in healthy individuals. A total of 217 individuals aged 19-40 participated in the study. Participants were categorized into inactive (n = 65), minimally active (n = 80), and sufficiently active (n = 72) groups based on the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Anthropometric measurements including shoulder, abdomen, waist, and hip circumferences were taken. Participants' trunk muscle endurance and lower extremity endurance was assessed through various tests. Anatomic body awareness was evaluated using the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) with established validity. While no significant difference in shoulder circumference measurements was found between the inactive and minimally active groups (p > 0.05), the sufficiently active group showed significantly higher shoulder circumference measurements compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed among all endurance tests between the groups (p < 0.05). Participants' body endurance increased significantly with higher activity levels. Moreover, anatomic body awareness exhibited significant variation among the three groups (p < 0.05), with the sufficiently active group having the highest level of anatomic body awareness. Positive correlations were found between all endurance tests and anatomic body awareness (p < 0.05), as well as a positive correlation between physical activity levels and anatomic body awareness (p < 0.05). It is suggested that physical performance and endurance increase anatomical body awareness when applied with appropriate treatment methods, can be applied for a healthier life and can be an additional application in the clinical environment.

Predictability of Metabolic Risk factors from hand and foot anthropometry in Hausa ethnic population of Kano, Nigeria.

articular ethnic/racial group. Adiposity measures are employed to screen MRF by clinicians. The ratio of the second to fourth digit of the hand (2D:4D) has been shown to be a tight correlate of MRF. Attempts to predict MRF from hand anthropometry is relatively a new idea. The present study aims to predict MRF from digit and body anthropometry. The study recruited 266 males and 199 females of Hausa origin. Systematic random sampling was employed. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were obtained using standard techniques. Regression analysis was used to predict MRF, SPSS version 20 was used for statistical analyses and P < 0.05 was set as level of significance. MRF (serum glucose, total cholesterol, lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure (BP) were predictable from 2D:4D and body anthropometric measures. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was the most consistent MRF predictor. In males, WHR alone predicted TC (R2 = 0.67 and P<0.0001), HDL-C (R2 =0.68 and P <0.0001), LDL-C (R2 = 0.67 and P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [R2 =0.43 and P <0.001)]. The right 2D:4D contributed slightly to the prediction of SBP and FBG increasing the R2 value to 0.62from 0.6 for FBG and from 0.6 to 0.64 for SBP Keywords: Body anthropometry, Digit anthropometry, Metabolic risk, Predictability.

Abstract #1401445: Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Anthropometric Body Measurements and Nutritional Behaviors in a Colombian Cohort Receiving Online Nutritional Advice

In this study, we aimed to retrospectively assess the change in weight before and after the COVID-19 mandatory lockdown in Colombia among adults who received nutritional and healthy lifestyle recommendations at weight loss and wellness clinics by telehealth. The primary objective was to describe and compare the mean weight reduction measured at the baseline and by the end of the lockdown. Secondary objectives include describing and comparing body fat percentage, muscle mass percentage, and BMI measured at the baseline and by the end of the lockdown. One hundred and seventy-two middle-aged (18-68 years old) women and men received online nutritional and healthy lifestyle advice during the COVID-19 lockdown in Colombia. Weight, fat (%), muscle mass (%), and BMI were assessed before and after the lockdown. We included baseline measurements taken before the lockdown from March 1st to June 20th, 2020, and post-lockdown measurements from August 31st to October 20th, 2020. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy or breastfeeding women, acutely decompensated diabetes, hypertension, CKD, Hypothyroidism or taking any of the obesity treatment medications approved in Colombia, including liraglutide, semaglutide or orlistat. A retrospective analysis was completed to compare the change in mean body anthropometrics. Shapiro Wilk test was used to assess for normality. Paired T Test and Wilcoxon sign test were used to compare the distribution of body anthropometrics before and after the lockdown. IRB approval was obtained before exporting and analyzing the collection of data. Out of 205 subjects and after a review of exclusion criteria, 172 subjects were included in the data analysis. 90.1% (155) were women. 52.3% (135) had overweight or obesity. After the COVID-19 lockdown, the mean weight loss reduction was 8.79 kg (SD ± 5.45, p<0.0001), corresponding to an 11.4% weight loss reduction. The mean fat mass percentage loss was 2.89 % (SD ± 2.64, p<0.0001), and the mean BMI presented a reduction of 3.16 (SD ± 1.96, p <0.0001). The mean muscle percentage loss was 0.10% (SD ± 2.67, p 0.482). Subjects receiving telehealth nutritional advice in Colombia during the COVID-19 lockdown had significant clinical and statistical weight, BMI, and fat loss reduction. Muscle mass was preserved; however, this mean change was not statistically significant. Physical inactivity during the lockdown period was a potential contributor to a nonsignificant mean muscle mass change. The subjects in this study were highly motivated to virtually attend weight loss and wellness clinics and to improve body anthropometrics by optimizing lifestyle changes. Telehealth weight loss strategies should always be considered when in-person patient interaction is not available.

Smartphone prediction of skeletal muscle mass: model development and validation in adults

BackgroundSkeletal muscle is a large and clinically relevant body component that has been difficult and impractical to quantify outside of specialized facilities. Advances in smartphone technology now provide the opportunity to quantify multiple body surface dimensions such as circumferences, lengths, surface areas, and volumes. ObjectivesThis study aimed to test the hypothesis that anthropometric body measurements acquired with a smartphone application can be used to accurately estimate an adult’s level of muscularity. MethodsAppendicular lean mass (ALM) measured by DXA served as the reference for muscularity in a sample of 322 adults. Participants also had digital anthropometric dimensions (circumferences, lengths, and regional and total body surface areas and volumes) quantified with a 20-camera 3D imaging system. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression procedures were used to develop the ALM prediction equations in a portion of the sample, and these models were tested in the remainder of the sample. Then, the accuracy of the prediction models was cross-validated in a second independent sample of 53 adults who underwent ALM estimation by DXA and the same digital anthropometric estimates acquired with a smartphone application. ResultsLASSO models included multiple significant demographic and 3D digital anthropometric predictor variables. Evaluation of the models in the testing sample indicated respective RMSEs in women and men of 1.56 kg and 1.53 kg and R2’s of 0.74 and 0.90, respectively. Cross-validation of the LASSO models in the smartphone application group yielded RMSEs in women and men of 1.78 kg and 1.50 kg and R2’s of 0.79 and 0.95; no significant differences or bias between measured and predicted ALM values were observed. ConclusionsSmartphone image capture capabilities combined with device software applications can now provide accurate renditions of the adult muscularity phenotype outside of specialized laboratory facilities. Am J Clin Nutr 2023;x:xx.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03637855 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03637855), NCT05217524 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05217524), and NCT03771417 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03771417).

Chair Size Design Based on User Height.

General principles derived from anatomical studies of human body sizes should be applied to chair designs. Chairs can be designed for a specific user or a particular group of users. Universal chairs for public spaces should be comfortable for the largest possible group of users and should not be adjustable, such as office chairs. However, the fundamental problem is that the anthropometric data available in the literature either come from many years ago and are out of date or do not provide a complete set of all the dimensional parameters of a sitting human body position. This article proposes a way to design chair dimensions solely based on the height range of the intended chair users. For this purpose, based on literature data, the main structural dimensions of the chair were assigned to the appropriate anthropometric body measurements. Furthermore, calculated average body proportions for the adult population overcome the incompleteness, outdated and burdensome access to anthropometric data and link the main chair design dimensions to one easily accessible anthropometric parameter: human height. This is achieved by seven equations describing the dimensional relations between the chair's essential design dimensions and human height or even a height range. The result of the study is a method of determining the optimal functional dimensions of a chair for a chosen range of sizes of its future users based only on users' height range. Limitations of the presented method: the calculated body proportions are correct only for people with a standard body proportion characteristic of adults, i.e., they exclude children and adolescents up to 20 years of age, seniors, and people with a body mass index exceeding 30.

Development of Gender-Specific Equations for Estimating Body Weight and Height Based on Anthropometric Measurements in Adults from Shiraz, Iran

Background: In various situations, such as determining nutrition requirements, medication dosage, mechanical ventilation, and resuscitation, height, weight, and BMI are considered. Anthropometric body measurements differ among populations of different genders and ethnicities. Objectives: This study aimed to develop gender-specific equations for estimating body weight and height based on anthropometric measurements in Iranian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz, Iran, over six months. Healthy volunteers aged 18-80 were included. Exclusion criteria were limb(s) amputation or immobilization and pregnancy. Participants were randomly divided into modeling (n = 400) and validation (n = 78) groups. We used the modeling group to generate regression equations based on gender and the validation group to test them. Results: Demi-span, age, knee height, and arm span could predict height with reasonable accuracy. Calf, waist, neck, and wrist circumferences entered our regression for predicting weight. Waist and calf circumferences entered the regression for BMI prediction in both genders. Arm circumference in men and neck circumference in women is strongly correlated with BMI. Conclusions: Many different equations have been suggested to predict height, weight, and BMI. Linear and circumferential body measures are usually used to predict height and weight. The suggested equations in this study are simple, and the anthropometric measurements require only a cloth tape measure and have good predictive ability. Complimentary studies are necessary to evaluate the precision of these formulas in other samples from other regions of Iran and in immobilized patients.

Classification of Body Types of Vietnamese Middle-Aged Men in Ho Chi Minh City

The study aims to classify somatotype of Vietnamese middle-aged male living in Ho Chi Minh City. Thirty-two 3D anthropometric body measurements from 378 men aged from 30 to 60 are comprehensively studied. The results of the study are as follows: Three independent factors were extracted using factor analysis for cluster analysis, then classified into five body types. Group 1, accounting for 16.4%, is "short and proportional" body type with short height stature and normal body proportions but high waist, small thighs and chest, small neck and narrow shoulder. Group 2 can be called “short and fat” body type, accounting for 35.19%, is a low height stature and obesity level I with small thighs and knees, developed neck and shoulder. Group 3, accounting for 25.13%, is "medium height and fat" body type with average height stature and obesity level I, large girths and broad breadths, large neck and square shoulder. Group 4, accounting for 12.96%, is an overweight body group with tall height stature, long leg, narrow back and square shoulder, and it can be called "tall and proportional” body type. Finally, group 5 which accounting for 10.32%, is "tall and proportional” body type which characterized as obesity level I, tall stature, long leg, broad back and slope shoulder. This study contributes to the study of body type and anthropometric data in building avatar for digital fashion design software, at the same time contributing to the research and development of the size system for Vietnamese middle-aged male.

The Functional Form of the Relationship between Body Height, Body Mass Index and Change of Direction Speed, Agility in Elite Female Basketball and Handball Players.

The aim of this study was to assess the functional form of the relationship between two anthropometric measurements-body height (BH) and body mass index (BMI)-and two motor abilities-change of direction speed (CODS) and agility (AG)-in female elite basketball and handball players. It was hypothesized that BH and BMI might be significantly associated with AG and CODS. Two scenarios of the Five-Time Shuttle Run to Gates test (planned and unplanned) were used to evaluate the CODS and AG. Two forms of models were built to assess functional forms of the relationships between CODS and AG vs. BH and BMI: simple linear regression and binomial curvilinear regression for each type of team sport. The results confirmed the relationships between both anthropometric measurements and motor abilities only in HB, whereas in BB only a significant relationship was noted between BH and AG. Moreover, two curvilinear functional forms of the relationship were identified: inverted L-shape and inverted U-shape. Therefore, it was concluded that the first form of function indicated an initially proportional relationship between anthropometric measurement and motor test results and plateau after reaching a certain value of the BH or BMI. Similarly, the second form of function indicated the peak value of the BH or BMI which is threshold for the value of the anthropometric measurement when a progressive effect in the functional feature occurs.

An anthropometric study to develop clothing charts for seventh, eighth and ninth grades of Benghazi schoolchildren

A sizing system classifies a specific population into homogeneous subgroups based on some key body dimensions. Individuals in the same subgroup have the same body shape characteristics, and share the same garment size. Anthropometric data plays an important role in creating clothing sizing system. The current project is the third step towards the overall objective to develop a clothing sizing system for Libyan children based on anthropometric body measurements of Libyan schoolchildren. The aim of the current project is to collect, examine and analyze anthropometric measurements for students in grades seven, eight and nine in the basic education stage, using simple statistical methods, in order to understand the body ranges and variations to develop sizing system for these grades. ANOVA tests were used to identify differences between age groups. The results showed that there are differences between most of the body measurements except the waist circumference, chest circumference, arm circumference, elbow circumference, shoulder length, front body width and back body width. Pearson correlation coefficients analysis was carried out to determine the interrelationships between the various body measurements. These findings showed that the weight and waist circumference were very strongly correlated with some other dimensions. The mean values and the standard deviation were used for creating size steps for the size chart. Three kinds of sizes were identified: L (large), M (medium) and S (small).

METHOD OF VERIFICATION OF STANDARD ANTHROPOMETRICAL SURVEYS FOR CLOTHING

The performed research of normative documents made it possible to quantify the technical conditions of anthropometric body measurements and to determine how the nomenclature of anthropometric measurements depends on the classification of clothing. The aim of the study was to develop a methodology for verifying anthropometric measurements of the human body, taking into account the functional characteristics of clothing. A criteria approach to the synchronization of verification means of standards identification of measurement names by measurement method and measurement classification groups (horizontal, vertical, others) was used. Validation of standard measurements for the ergonomic design of garments and harmonization of control measurement code designations in finished garments have been performed. Standard control measurements were interpreted into additional dynamic compliance measurements to take into account the level of deformation of parts during operation and to ensure freedom of movement. Technical regulation of the anthropometric information volume is confirmed by the equivalence of the optimization problems of the considered anthropometric standards in the form of the linear programming problem of the set of anthropometric measurements. The matrix of conditions for fixing anthropometric measurements in six regulatory documents was studied. It was established that the set pair 25 &lt; 28 determines the technical conditions of quality control on the dummy of the finished product. Using basic and auxiliary reference measurements in the clothing size designation provides a flexible combination of chest, waist and hip measurements for women and chest and waist measurements for men. Consideration of the range of additional control vertical measurements is confirmed by calculating the indices of balance in the longitudinal direction of the female figure of size 164-96-104.

Bloody olfaction? Confounding associations of sex and age on the influence of blood parameters and body weight on odor identification performance in healthy adults

Olfactory function and nutrition are closely related and may influence each other via metabolic parameters. However, the relationship between nutritional blood parameters and olfactory performance is still unclear. Inconclusive findings exist for specific blood parameters. In this extensive analysis, we examined the relationship between olfactory performance, measured with MONEX-40, as well as intensity and pleasantness ratings with 38 metabolic blood parameters, age, sex, and the anthropometric measurements body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP). Therefore, we included data of 418 healthy, well-phenotyped Caucasians of the Enable cohort. We replicated age-dependent olfactory identification scores (p < 0.001) and found slight evidence for a body fat dependence measured with BFP (BF10 = 10.466). We further identified a sex difference only in middle-aged adults (p < 0.001) that could be explained by environmental factors. Several blood parameters correlated significantly with the MONEX-40 score (p < 0.05 – p < 0.001). However, these effects diminished after adjusting for sex and age (p > 0.9) that were identified as confounders. The same applies for BFP. In addition, no parameters were identified to correlate significantly with perceived olfactory intensity or pleasantness score if controlled for sex and age (p > 0.08). Our results suggest that metabolic blood parameters are not related to olfactory identification performance in a relevant manner and highlight the importance of controlling for sex and age in chemosensory research.

Influence of Upper and Lower Body Anthropometric Measures on An Aggregate Physical Performance Score in Young Elite Male Soccer Players: A Case Study

Background: The present study aimed to determine the association of anthropometry-based characteristics with an aggregate score (AS) of physical performance in young elite soccer players. Methods: Sixteen under 15 elite players were enrolled. Among numerous anthropometrics variables, upper arm contracted (UACC) and relaxed circumference (UARC), corrected arm muscle area (AMAcorr), arm muscle circumference (AMC), thigh muscle circumference (TMC) and suprapatellar girths were also employed in this study. Players’ physical performance was assessed by the change of direction (COD), 10 m and 20 m sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ) test, sprint with 90∘ turns (with ball), and yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1). The AS was computed by Principal Components Analysis technique with one component on normalized performance results. A stepwise regression analysis was conducted to assess potential association between anthropometry-based variables and AS. Results: Large negative correlations (r &lt; –0.68) of AS with UACC, UARC, AMAcorr, and AMC were detected. UACC and TMC permits to accurately estimate AS explaining 60% of the total variance (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: These findings demonstrated the importance of including anthropometry-based measures of both upper and lower body to the physical performance potential expressed by AS in elite youth soccer.

The Relationship between Body Image Dissatisfaction and New Anthropometric Indices in Women Referred to the Nutrition Clinic in Northwest of Iran, Ardabil City, 2019

Introduction: Recent studies have shown a high prevalence of body image dissatisfaction in women. This study purposed to examine the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and new anthropometric indices in women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 384 women referred to the nutrition clinic in Ardabil city in 2019, using convenience sampling method. Data were collected through multidimensional body self-relations questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. This questionnaire is an attitudinal assessment of body image, using a 5-point disagrees–agree Likert scale to collect responses. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 21). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relation between body image dissatisfaction and anthropometric indices. The significance level was less than 0.05. Results: The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of the women under study were 30.01±7.20 years and 30.21±5.17kg/m2, respectively. Correlation analysis presented that a significant positive relationship was between all anthropometric indices and the subjective weight and overweight preoccupation subscales. The highest relationship of subjective weight subscale was found with BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (r=0.85, p&lt;0.001) followed by abdominal volume index (AVI) (r=0.82, p&lt;0.001). The highest relationship of the overweight preoccupation subscale was obtained with waist circumference (r=0.44, p&lt;0.001) followed by AVI and weight (r=0.42, p&lt;0.001) and WHtR (r=0.41, p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Body image dissatisfaction was associated with anthropometric indices. The findings indicated the need for interventions designed to improve anthropometric indices and, consequently, body image dissatisfaction.

Muscle oxygen extraction and lung function are related to exercise tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between exercise intolerance, muscle oxidative metabolism, and cardiopulmonary function following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in a sterile isolation room setting. This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted in a single center. Fourteen patients with hematopoietic malignancies who had undergone allo-HSCT were included in this study from June 2015 to April 2020. Patients received donor HSCT after high dose-chemotherapy and total-body irradiation. Physical activity was limited during treatments. Outcome measures included body anthropometric measurements, exercise tolerance tests using the ramp protocol, pulmonary function tests, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements. Data of pre- and posttransplant measurements were compared using the paired t test or nonparametric Wilcoxon U test. Associations were assessed using the Pearson or nonparametric Spearman correlations. NIRS showed reduced muscle consumption and extraction of oxygen in the posttransplant period compared to the pretransplant period (ΔStO2 min pre: −18.6% vs. post: −13.0%, P = 0.04; ΔHHb max pre: 4.21μmol/l vs. post: 3.31μmol/l: P = 0.048). Exercise tolerance had reduced following allo-HSCT (Peak workload pre: 70.3 W vs. post: 58.0 W: P = 0.014). Furthermore, exercise intolerance was associated with pulmonary function, muscle oxygen consumption, and muscle oxygen extraction (all P <0.05). This analysis revealed that exercise intolerance following allo-HSCT was associated with pulmonary dysfunction and muscle oxidative dysfunction. These findings could help identify the physical function associated with impaired tissue oxygen transport leading to exercise intolerance following allo-HSCT.

Impact of Circulating N-Acylethanolamine Levels with Clinical and Laboratory End Points in Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Patients with ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are particularly susceptible to dysregulation of energy metabolism, which may manifest as protein energy wasting and cachexia. In recent years, the endocannabinoid system has been shown to play an important role in energy metabolism with potential relevance in ESRD. N-acylethanolamines are a class of fatty acid amides which include the major endocannabinoid ligand, anandamide, and the endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonists, oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). Methods: Serum concentrations of OEA and PEA were measured in MHD patients and their correlations with various clinical/laboratory indices were examined. Secondarily, we evaluated the association of circulating PEA and OEA levels with 12-month all-cause mortality. Results: Both serum OEA and PEA levels positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and negatively correlated with body fat and body anthropometric measures. Serum OEA levels correlated positively with serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) (rho = 0.19; p = 0.004). Serum PEA and IL-6 showed a similar but nonsignificant trend (rho = 0.12; p = 0.07). Restricted cubic spline analyses showed that increasing serum OEA and PEA both trended toward higher mortality risk, and these associations were statistically significant for PEA (PEA ≥4.7 pmol/mL; reference: PEA <4.7 pmol/mL) after adjustments in a Cox model (hazard ratio 2.99; 95% confidence interval 1.04, 8.64). Conclusions: In MHD patients, OEA and PEA are significantly correlated with variables related to lipid metabolism and body mass. Additionally, higher serum levels of PEA are associated with mortality risk. Future studies are needed to examine the potential mechanisms responsible for these findings and their clinical implications.

Association Between Thyroid Function and Body Composition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients: Does Sex Have a Role?

BackgroundThe relationship between thyroid hormones and body anthropometric measures in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with normal thyroid function is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between thyroid hormones and body composition in euthyroid T2DM patients in men and women.Material/MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that included 561 euthyroid T2DM patients. Fasting venous blood was collected to test laboratory indexes. Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body composition. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to enroll patients with similar baseline characteristics. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to establish a linear regression model of thyroid hormone and body composition. PSM was performed to match 159 men and 159 women.ResultsThe LASSO regression analysis suggested that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was not correlated with body composition parameters in females. In females, free triiodothyronine (FT3) level was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and skeletal muscle index (SMI), and was negatively correlated with extracellular water fraction (EWF). In males, FT3 level was positively correlated with waist circumference (WC) and SMI and negatively correlated with EWF. Free thyroxine (FT4) level in both women and men was positively correlated with body fat mass (BFM) and left lower-limb muscle mass (LLLMM). Moreover, in males, FT4 level was correlated with more body composition parameters. In euthyroid T2DM patients, FT3 level was positively correlated with SMI and negatively correlated with EWF, while FT4 level was positively correlated with BFM and LLLMM.ConclusionsThyroid function can affect body composition in euthyroid T2DM patients. Thyroid function is more likely to affect the fat and muscle distribution of males than females.