Body Parts Research Articles

Flexible Thermoelectric Wearable Architecture for Wireless Continuous Physiological Monitoring.

Continuous monitoring of physiological signals from the human body is critical in health monitoring, disease diagnosis, and therapeutics. Despite the needs, the existing wearable medical devices rely on either bulky wired systems or battery-powered devices needing frequent recharging. Here, we introduce a wearable, self-powered, thermoelectric flexible system architecture for wireless portable monitoring of physiological signals without recharging batteries. This system harvests an exceptionally high open circuit voltage of 175-180 mV from the human body, powering the wireless wearable bioelectronics to detect electrophysiological signals on the skin continuously. The thermoelectric system shows long-term stability in performance for 7 days with stable power management. Integrating screen printing, laser micromachining, and soft packaging technologies enables a multilayered, soft, wearable device to be mounted on any body part. The demonstration of the self-sustainable wearable system for detecting electromyograms and electrocardiograms captures the potential of the platform technology to offer various opportunities for continuous monitoring of biosignals, remote health monitoring, and automated disease diagnosis.

Short‐term survival and growth of American Eel elvers marked with visible implant elastomer tags

AbstractObjectiveVisible implant elastomer (VIE) tags are commonly used as a cost‐effective tool for marking small fish, making them valuable in mark–recapture studies. It is crucial to quantify the impact of tagging procedures on fish survival to address inferential bias in mark–recapture studies. We assessed marking‐related mortality and growth in American Eel Anguilla rostrata elvers in a 40‐day laboratory experiment, following VIE tag application.MethodsThere were 500 elvers (80–149 mm) that were divided into four treatment groups and one control group. Treatment groups were tagged with two tags in three body locations (anterior, central, posterior on left bilateral side) or with two tags in all three locations, while the control group remained untagged. Eels were retained in experimental tanks, and mortality rates were compared.ResultThe VIE tagging did not significantly affect survival, which was 90.9% across all treatment groups and 92% for the untagged control group; nor did it affect growth.ConclusionThe application of VIE tags on various body parts should be a safe and effective method for marking American Eel elvers.

Impacts of Wearable Resistance Placement on Running Efficiency Assessed by Wearable Sensors: A Pilot Study

Wearable resistance training is widely applied to enhance running performance, but how different placements of wearable resistance across various body parts influence running efficiency remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the impacts of wearable resistance placement on running efficiency by comparing five running conditions: no load, and an additional 10% load of individual body mass on the trunk, forearms, lower legs, and a combination of these areas. Running efficiency was assessed through biomechanical (spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic) variables using acceleration-based wearable sensors placed on the shoes of 15 recreational male runners (20.3 ± 1.23 years) during treadmill running in a randomized order. The main findings indicate distinct effects of different load distributions on specific spatiotemporal variables (contact time, flight time, and flight ratio, p ≤ 0.001) and kinematic variables (footstrike type, p < 0.001). Specifically, adding loads to the lower legs produces effects similar to running with no load: shorter contact time, longer flight time, and a higher flight ratio compared to other load conditions. Moreover, lower leg loads result in a forefoot strike, unlike the midfoot strike seen in other conditions. These findings suggest that lower leg loads enhance running efficiency more than loads on other parts of the body.

Animal Matter in Indigenous Place-Thought: A Case from the Moon Pyramid, Teotihuacan

This article interrogates an archaeological application of the Indigenous concept of place-thought, defined by Vanessa Watts as an “understanding of the world via a physical embodiment” through studying corporeal animal forms. This latter encompasses the osteological traces of animal matter (sacrificed animals and prepared body parts) that, because of their material vitalities, provide an opportune site of engagement to retrieve ancient interpersonal relationships. Over 100 corporeal animal forms from Burials 2 and 6 are interpreted as agentive persons who brought into being the Moon Pyramid as an altepetl (water mountain) of Teotihuacan. The altepetl is a seminal place-thought in Mesoamerica intimately tied with sovereignty. The author argues that potentate apex predators (eagles, wolves, jaguars, pumas, and rattlesnakes) became part of Teotihuaccan’s community through their captive management and were buried alive to sustain the altepetl as master guardians. A zooarchaeological and isotopic investigation of corporeal animal forms provided lurid details of human–predator interactions, including differential access to the animals, esoteric knowledge about their personhood, and even deceit of that information. She concludes that providing a contextually and historically contingent, data-driven, and inter-personally centered reconstruction of ancient place-thought, though admittedly partial and from a specific perspective, should be attainable given the enhanced methods in archaeology.

Body Part Selection for Size Classification of Two Trichogramma Species.

Body size is an important morphological characteristic that covaries with the quality of parasitoids and predators. Data show that the larger the organism is, the better the biological parameters and the host location by natural enemies in the field. The standard way of evaluating the size of parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is by measuring the tibia, but using only one body part to estimate the size of organisms can lead to miscalculations. In this paper, commercial Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, 1988 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were mounted on slides for microscopy and photographed, and the photographs were used to measure their antennae, scutellum, ovipositor, tibia, and wing. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were performed to select the body part that best represents their size. PCA showed that all body parts represented size in a similar way, and LDA showed that the ovipositor was the most representative. We conclude that the best body parts for representing the size of the Trichogramma species studied are the wing and ovipositor, and at least two body parts are needed to detect two size groups.

A Study on GAN-Based Car Body Part Defect Detection Process and Comparative Analysis of YOLO v7 and YOLO v8 Object Detection Performance

The main purpose of this study is to generate defect images of body parts using a GAN (generative adversarial network) and compare and analyze the performance of the YOLO (You Only Look Once) v7 and v8 object detection models. The goal is to accurately judge good and defective products. Quality control is very important in the automobile industry, and defects in body parts directly affect vehicle safety, so the development of highly accurate defect detection technology is essential. This study ensures data diversity by generating defect images of car body parts using a GAN and through this, compares and analyzes the object detection performance of the YOLO v7 and v8 models to present an optimal solution for detecting defects in car parts. Through experiments, the dataset was expanded by adding fake defect images generated by the GAN. The performance experiments of the YOLO v7 and v8 models based on the data obtained through this approach demonstrated that YOLO v8 effectively identifies objects even with a smaller amount of data. It was confirmed that defects could be detected. The readout of the detection system can be improved through software calibration.

Estimation of human height using ulnar length in the Muslim community of Golbazar Municipality, Siraha, Nepal

Calculating an individual's height based on bone measurements is critical in identifying unknown bodies, body parts, or skeletal remains. Anthropologists, anatomists, and forensic experts have used a variety of anthropometric approaches to forecast stature from skeletal remains. Although few studies have been conducted to understand ulnar length and height, it has not been conducted in a few ethnic communities of Nepal. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between human height and ulnar length in Muslim communities of Golbazar Municipality, Siraha, Nepal. Two hundred people (male 100 and female 100) aged 20 to 40 years were purposively selected from Golbazaar, Siraha, Nepal. Ulnar length was measured as the distance between the tip of the Olecranon process and the styloid process with the elbow fully flexed. Height was measured from the top of the head to the floor while the participants stood upright in the anatomical position with their heads in the Frankfort plane. Statistical techniques, such as linear regression analysis and correlation coefficients, were used to determine a correlation between ulna length and height. The population's mean ulna length was 26.53 cm (SD = 2.06), and the mean height was 159.59 cm (SD = 9.72). The correlation between ulna length and height was stronger in males (0.46) than in females (0.36). The study established regression equations for height estimation based on ulna length for different age groups, with the strongest correlations found in the 31–35 years age group and weaker ones in the 20–25 years and 26–30 years age groups. The study suggests that ulna length could be a reliable predictor of height, especially when direct measurement is challenging or impossible. However, additional study is required to explore potential differences based on age, ethnicity, and gender and to validate the findings in more extensive and more diverse populations.

Ethnozoological study of Tamang people in Konjyosom Rural Municipality, Lalitpur, Nepal

Ethnic/indigenous people of Nepal have a long history of using animals as medicine. The current study was conducted to determine the ethnozoological relationship, concerning the use of animals, their body parts, and animal products as traditional medicine by the people of Tamang community living in Konjyosom Rural Municipality in Lalitpur district of Nepal. The study was conducted in Chaughare (Ward Number 1), and the ethnozoological data were collected from local people and key informants through interviews, semi-structured questionnaire surveys, and direct field observation. Results showed that 78% of the respondents out of 100 were familiar with using animals as medicines. These people were reported to use 33 different animals (domestic: 8 species and wild: 25 species) for treating various illnesses and diseases in other ways. Considering the age and gender, female respondents and people of age (50-59 years) mainly used to prefer animal consumption for healing their illnesses and diseases. Furthermore, the oral route of administration (81%) and consumption of flesh via cooking were highly preferred. Their tendency to use animals as medicine was higher, so the risk of threatening a few important faunae may exist in the study area. This study will be baseline information for strategic conservation and management of wildlife in the study area or elsewhere within the country.

Curvature-Adaptive Compact Triple-Band Metamaterial Uniplanar Compact Electromagnetic Bandgap-Based Printed Antenna for Wearable Wireless and Medical Body Area Network Applications

A novel, compact, monopole apple-shaped, triple-band metamaterial-printed wearable antenna backed by a uniplanar compact electromagnetic bandgap (UC-EBG) structure is introduced in this paper for wearable wireless and medical body area network (WBAN/MBAN) applications. A tri-band UC-EBG structure has been utilized as a ground plane to minimize the impact of antenna radiation on the human body and improve antenna performance for the proposed wearable antenna. Metamaterial triangular complementary split ring resonators (TCSRRs) are incorporated into the antenna and UC-EBG structure, resulting in a compact UC-EBG-backed antenna with an overall size of 39 × 39 × 2.84 mm3 (0.41 λg × 0.41 λg × 0.029 λg). The printed textile antenna operates at 2.45 GHz for the wireless local area network (WLAN), 3.5 GHz for 5G new radio (NR), and 5.8 GHz for the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands with improved gain and high-efficiency values. Furthermore, the performance of the antenna is analyzed on the human body, where three models of curved body parts are considered: a child’s arm (worst case) with a 40 mm radius, an adult’s arm with a 60 mm radius, and an adult’s leg with a 70 mm radius. The results demonstrate that the proposed antenna is an attractive candidate for wearable healthcare and fitness monitoring devices and other WBAN/MBAN applications due to its compact size, high performance, and low SAR values.

Assessment of Ergonomic Risk Factors among Metal Sculpture Workers and Future Scope of AI Applications in Ergonomic Evaluation

Background: Handicraft workers usually carry out daily activities by adopting awkward postures. The most prevailing health issues among handicraft workers are musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Objective: The current research aims to assess the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms and investigate risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders among metal sculpture artisans. Subsequently, the study highlighted the future scope of AI applications in ergonomic evaluation. Methods: 144 male metal sculpture workers participated in the study. A modified Nordic questionnaire was adopted to determine the musculoskeletal problems among metal sculpture workers. The probable risk elements for MSD symptoms were identified by applying binary logistic regression. Results: Most workers faced discomfort in various body parts, particularly the wrist, lower back, and shoulders. The outcome of the logistic regression model revealed that job-related factors have significantly contributed to the development of MSD symptoms. Conclusion: This study concedes that awkward working postures for prolonged periods highly affect the health of metal sculpture workers, and there is a need for ergonomic intervention to minimize the risks of musculoskeletal disorders. The study also emphasizes the future scope of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications that can be used in ergonomically assessing working postures.

Robust Methods for Assessing the Characteristics of Locomotor Activity Based on Markerless Video Capture Data

Introduction. Analysis of locomotor activity is essential in a number of biomedical and pharmacological research designs, as well as environmental monitoring. The movement trajectories of biological objects can be represented by time series exhibiting a complex multicomponent structure and non-stationary dynamics, thus limiting the effectiveness of conventional correlation and spectral time series analysis methods. Recordings obtained using markerless technologies are typically characterized by enhanced noise levels, including both instrumental noise and anomalous errors associated with false estimates of the location of the points of interest, as well as gaps in the trajectories, promoting an urgent need in the development of robust methods to assess the characteristics of locomotor activity.Aim. Development of robust methods for assessing the characteristics of locomotor activity capable of efficient processing of noisy recordings obtained by markerless video-based motion capture systems.Materials and methods. In order to assess the characteristics of locomotor activity, the relative movements of body parts of laboratory animals were analyzed using the stability metrics of the mutual dynamics of their trajectories, their relative delays, as well as the relative duration of the recording fragments when relatively stable mutual dynamics could be observed. The local maxima of the cross-correlation function of two body fragments, the minima of the standard deviation of the difference between their Hilbert phases, as well as their relative delays, were used as the metrics of mutual dynamics.Results. The considered phase metrics were shown to explicitly reflect changes in locomotor activity, while the assessment of time delays using phase metric was shown to be prone to periodic error. The above limitation could be largely overcome using the correlation metrics, assuming that phase and correlation metrics could be combined.Conclusion. The proposed robust methods provide stable estimates of the characteristics of locomotor activity based on markerless video capture recordings, altogether increasing the efficiency of diagnostic procedures and assessment of the therapeutic effect during rehabilitation.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Wash

Herbal formulations have enlarging demand in the world market as a source of food, cosmetics, and medicinal purposes. The aim of this study is to formulate and evaluate the herbal face wash. There are three forms of herbal face wash i.e., gel, cream and liquid-based face wash. We have studied on liquid-based herbal face wash. Ingredients required in this formulation are extracted by the Maceration extraction method. Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadense Linn), Lemon (Citrus Limon) source of vitamin C, Neem (Azadirachta indica) are very helpful and do not have any side effects. All herbal ingredients are easily available in the surrounding area. All the plants that have been used in this article have better antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. There are a number of formulations available on the market with different variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients for the treatment of acne and others skin problems especially for face. Changing environmental conditions and many pollutants, especially UV rays, are harmful for the human body. They’re damaging our skin, so cosmetics are part of taking care of the skin and body parts. As we know that face is sensitive part of body The Neem has more medicinal properties, leaves and their chemical constituents have been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antiulcer, anti- malaria, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic properties .This is a study to evaluate the dermal safety and efficacy of the herbal formulation. There was a remarkable decreasing in the oiliness of the facial skin and an associated minimization of arising facial problems. Few subjects also noticed improvements in skin complexion. The present work deals with Preparation of Extracts, preparation & evaluation of the herbal face wash. It is essential to evaluate the formulation to check their efficiency and effectiveness by using above parameters color, Oduor, appearance, consistency, Washability, PH & Spread ability. Formulation showed no lumps along with easy Washability, good Spread ability and neutral PH. This study presents the formulation and evaluation of a herbal face wash designed to meet the growing demand for natural and safe skincare products. The formulation process involved selecting a blend of herbal extracts known for their skin-friendly properties, along with appropriate surfactants, thickeners, and preservatives to ensure stability and efficacy. Physicochemical characteristics such as pH, viscosity. and foamability were evaluated to assess product quality. Additionally, sensory analysis was conducted to gauge user preferences regarding fragrance, texture, and overall experience. Microbiological tests were performed to confirm product safety. The results indicated that the formulated herbal face wash exhibited desirable properties, including balanced pH, suitable viscosity, and satisfactory foam formation. Sensory evaluations revealed positive consumer acceptance, with preferences for natural fragrance and smooth texture. Microbial studies confirmed the product's microbial safety for consumer use. Overall, the formulated herbal face wash offers a promising option for individuals seeking natural and effective skincare solutions. Acne and pimples are treated using herbal face washes. Herbal Facewash eliminates excess oil without eliminating nutrients from the skin and contains rich plant-based components like feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) and neem. Azadirachta indica). The building blocks of finished herbal medicines are known as herbal preparations. These can be comminuted or powdered herbal ingredients as well as extracts, tinctures, and fatty oils of herbal materials. The demand for herbal formulations is rising on the global market. Establishing the herbal face wash with aqueous neem leaf, tulsi leaf, and orange peel extracts is a very commendable effort. The herbal face wash formulation was more effective than the commercial face wash. Since all of the ingredients in this composition are herbal, they are safe for the skin and trustworthy..

Implementasi Seni Tari dalam Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia Dini di TK Al-Kausar Medan

This research aims to explore the implementation of dance in the gross motor development of young children at the AL-KAUSAR Kindergarten in Medan. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach, with a focus on gross motor movements such as body balance, changes in movement speed, and coordination of body parts when dancing. Primary data was obtained through field observations, while secondary data came from books, journals and other relevant references. The results of the research show that dance learning at AL-KAUSAR Medan Kindergarten makes a positive contribution to children's gross motor development, with gymnastics and dance lessons integrated into the curriculum. The implementation of this dance art is carried out through demonstration methods and direct practice, allowing children to express creativity and develop various aspects of their development. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide valuable insight for educators and early childhood education practitioners in enriching children's learning experiences through the art of dance

Analysis of Common Movements and Discomforts among Rubber Farmers: Basis for Exercise Movements

The development of exercise movements based on the everyday movements of women rubber farmers and their bodily discomforts is examined in this qualitative study. It is specifically tailored to enhance the physical fitness and well-being of female farmers in the agricultural region of Naga, located in the province of Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines. The muscles affected by the common movements of rubber tapping, which result in body pains and complaints, are investigated. It is found that the common movements of rubber farming are as follows: Unang Palagsik, Sanggot, Buhi-Sanggot, and Manawat. The results were collected and biomechanically analyzed with the help of a licensed physical therapist. It was concluded that the body parts mostly affected by rubber farming are the back, legs, neck, and arms. Exercise movements in the form of images and instructions were then formulated and assigned to each common movement, serving as the final output of this research study. The physical health and occupational well-being of women rubber farmers are expected to improve based on the study's findings, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and community development initiatives.

Understanding Epidemiological Trends in Geriatric Burn Injuries: A National Multicenter Analysis from NEISS 2004-2022.

Burn injuries pose a significant source of patient morbidity/mortality and reconstructive challenges for burn surgeons, especially in vulnerable populations such as geriatric patients. Our study aims to provide new insights into burn epidemiology by analyzing the largest national, multicenter sample of geriatric patients to date. Utilizing the National Electronic Injury and Surveillance System (NEISS) database (2004-2022), individuals with a "Burn" diagnosis were extracted and divided into two comparison age groups of 18-64 and 65+. Variables including sex, race, affected body part, incident location, burn etiology, and clinical outcomes were assessed between the two groups utilizing two proportion z-tests. 60,581 adult patients who sustained burns were identified from the NEISS database with 6,630 of those patients categorized as geriatric (65+). Geriatric patients had a significantly greater frequency of scald burns (36.9% vs. 35.4%; p<0.01), and third degree/full-thickness burns (10.4% vs 5.5%, p<0.01) relative to non-geriatric adult patients with most of these burns occurring at home (75.9% vs 67.4%; p<0.01). The top five burn sites for geriatric patients were the hand, face, foot, lower arm, and lower leg and the top five burn injury sources were hot water, cookware, oven/ranges, home fires, and gasoline. Geriatric patients had over two times greater risk of hospital admission (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 2.17-2.49, p<0.01) and over five times greater risk of ED mortality (OR: 6.22, 95% CI: 4.00-9.66, p<0.01) after incurring burn injuries. These results highlight the need for stronger awareness of preventative measures for geriatric burn injuries.

The geometry of interpersonal synchrony in human dance

Collective synchronized behavior has powerful social-communicative functions observed across several animal taxa.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Operationally, synchronized behavior can be explained by individuals responding to shared external cues (e.g., light, sound, or food) as well as by inter-individual adaptation.3,8,9,10,11 We contrasted these accounts in the context of a universal human practice-collective dance-by recording full-body kinematics from dyads of laypersons freely dancing to music in a "silent disco" setting. We orthogonally manipulated musical input (whether participants were dancing to the same, synchronous music) and visual contact (whether participants could see their dancing partner). Using a data-driven method, we decomposed full-body kinematics of 70 participants into 15 principal movement patterns, reminiscent of common dance moves, explaining over 95% of kinematic variance. We find that both music and partners drive synchrony, but through distinct dance moves. This leads to distinct kinds of synchrony that occur in parallel by virtue of a geometric organization: anteroposterior movements such as head bobs synchronize through music, while hand gestures and full-body lateral movements synchronize through visual contact. One specific dance move-vertical bounce-emerged as a supramodal pacesetter of coordination, synchronizing through both music and visual contact, and at the pace of the musical beat. These findings reveal that synchrony in human dance is independently supported by shared musical input and inter-individual adaptation. The independence between these drivers of synchrony hinges on a geometric organization, enabling dancers to synchronize to music and partners simultaneously by allocating distinct synchronies to distinct spatial axes and body parts.

Scavenger-induced scattering of wild boar carcasses over large distances and its implications for disease management

Vertebrate scavengers provide essential ecosystem services such as accelerating carrion decomposition by consuming carcasses, exposing tissues to microbial and invertebrate decomposers, and recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem. Some scavengers do not consume carcasses on site but rather scatter their remains in the surroundings, which might have important implications for nutrient transport, forensic investigations and the spread of diseases such as African Swine Fever. However, only a few studies have investigated and measured the scatter distances. Using wild boar (Sus scrofa) carcasses and limbs, we monitored scavenging behavior and measured scatter distances of mammals. We placed 20 carcasses (up to 25 kg) and 21 separate limbs equipped with very high frequency (VHF) transmitters and monitored scavenger activity using camera traps in a mountainous region in southeast Germany. Except for one carcass, all other carcasses and limbs were scattered. We measured 72 scatter distances (of 89 scattering events; mean = 232 m, maximum = 1250 m), of which 75% were dispersed up to 407 m. Scavengers moved scattered pieces into denser vegetation compared to the half-open vegetation at provisioning sites. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were the most common scavenger species, contributing to 72 scattering events (58 measured scatter distances). Our results provide evidence of scatter distances farther than previously assumed and have far-reaching implications for disease management or forensic investigations, as the broader surroundings of carcasses must be included in search efforts to remove infectious material or relevant body parts for forensic analysis.

Preparation of CNT/CNF/PDMS/TPU Nanofiber-Based Conductive Films Based on Centrifugal Spinning Method for Strain Sensors.

Flexible conductive films are a key component of strain sensors, and their performance directly affects the overall quality of the sensor. However, existing flexible conductive films struggle to maintain high conductivity while simultaneously ensuring excellent flexibility, hydrophobicity, and corrosion resistance, thereby limiting their use in harsh environments. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to fabricate flexible conductive films via centrifugal spinning to generate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber substrates by employing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as conductive fillers. These fillers are anchored to the nanofibers through ultrasonic dispersion and impregnation techniques and subsequently modified with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This study focuses on the effect of different ratios of CNTs to CNFs on the film properties. Research demonstrated that at a 1:1 ratio of CNTs to CNFs, with TPU at a 20% concentration and PDMS solution at 2 wt%, the conductive films crafted from these blended fillers exhibited outstanding performance, characterized by electrical conductivity (31.4 S/m), elongation at break (217.5%), and tensile cycling stability (800 cycles at 20% strain). Furthermore, the nanofiber-based conductive films were tested by attaching them to various human body parts. The tests demonstrated that these films effectively respond to motion changes at the wrist, elbow joints, and chest cavity, underscoring their potential as core components in strain sensors.

First insights into the spatial behaviour of Octopus vulgaris in the wild using acoustic telemetry

Octopuses are amongst the most fascinating animals in our oceans; however, while their intricate behaviours are often studied in laboratory settings, basic aspects of their movement ecology remain unstudied in the wild. Focusing on the socio-economically important common octopus (Octopus vulgaris), this study employs, for the first time, acoustic tracking techniques to address knowledge gaps regarding the species spatial ecology within a marine protected area. A total of 24 wild O. vulgaris (13 males, 11 females) were tagged in 2022 in the National Park Maritime-Terrestrial of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia, Spain. Acoustic transmitters were externally attached to the third arm, after testing other body parts (mantle cavity). Males were on average detected on 10 times more occasions than females (49 days in males and five in females). The average activity space in the study area was large in comparison to that determined in similar studies, with 0.16 km2. Activity space between males and females as well as day and night were comparable. Tagged octopuses displayed a crepuscular activity pattern. The location of dens could be established for 15 out of 24 individuals, from which octopuses were observed to undertake regular daytime excursions. Several individuals were also found to occupy more than one den and/or switch their main dens throughout the study duration. First implications and benefits of this approach are discussed.

Targeted drug release from stable and safe ultrasound-sensitive nanocarriers.

Targeted delivery of medication has the promise of increasing the effectiveness and safety of current systemic drug treatments. Focused ultrasound is emerging as noninvasive and practical energy for targeted drug release. However, it has yet to be determined which nanocarriers and ultrasound parameters can provide both effective and safe release. Perfluorocarbon nanodroplets have the potential to achieve these goals, but current approaches have either been effective or safe, but not both. We found that nanocarriers with highly stable perfluorocarbon cores mediate effective drug release so long as they are activated by ultrasound of sufficiently low frequency. We demonstrate a favorable safety profile of this formulation in a non-human primate. To facilitate translation of this approach into humans, we provide an optimized method for manufacturing the nanocarriers. This study provides a recipe and release parameters for effective and safe drug release from nanoparticle carriers in the body part specified by focused ultrasonic waves.