Bodily Measurements Research Articles

Commentaries on “Reconsidering the path for neural and physiological methods in consumer psychology”

AbstractThe initial version of the article by Clithero, Karmarkar, Nave, and Plassmann (Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2024) was critiqued by open comments from a small group of scholars. Their suggestions encouraged the authors to clarify challenging relationships between brain processes and emotions, beliefs, and actions. The revision expanded fMRI and EEG to include measures of vision, facial expression, breathing, heart rhythms, and blood chemistry. The paper provides multiple avenues of joint work between neurological and psychological scholars. The comments below reflect different reactions to the final article. Wes Hutchinson acknowledges that neuroscience insights complement cognitive measures that generate explicit measures of thought, emotion, or preferences, but he warns that repeated measures over time are problematic for both types of measurement, and the inherent complexity of brain–behavior relationships is often underestimated. With both orientations, understanding the functioning of human behavior is akin to making sense of an orchestra, where the interactive blending of different instruments and musicians reflects a complex activity that generates sounds, emotions, and stories. Both consumer neuroscientists and psychologists need to broaden their paradigmatic approaches with bodily measures and advanced psychological procedures to overcome challenges to joint progress. Martin Reiman asserts that despite difficulties with measures that have different levels of abstraction or velocity, research has provided remarkable associations between brain activity and consumer behavior. Effective studies merging brain and behavior can effectively proceed with studies that differ in two dimensions: first, by altering the number of variables, and second, by shifting whether the scientific paradigm is inductive or deductive. In its simple form, the Excavation path explores brain activity when a person is exposed to specific statements or emotions. In its most challenging form, Integrative Studies generate predictions from theories that test the convergent validity of divergent measures and leverage skills from different researchers. Studies reflecting high levels on one dimension but low levels on the other can also provide fruitful research opportunities. Brian Knutson, like Reimann, counters the idea that consumer psychology has not lived up to its promises. He references studies showing that activity from very specific areas of the brain reliably predicts choices better than explicit ratings or choices. Such research generates deductions from increasingly precise neural maps that enable confirmation of theory. That said, he acknowledges that consumer neuroscience is not able to identify a brain button that would alter choice through manipulated neurostimulation. However, since human brains are similar across people, the depth of neural insights that are consistent across a small sample of 40 respondents may generate greater insights than conventional marketing research with 2000 respondents. The cost of neuroscience will further decrease with gains in reliability, validity, and generalizability, particularly if augmented with bodily measures. He acknowledges that the theoretical side has developed more slowly than applications, particularly applications that are supported by sponsoring organizations more satisfied with local insights than general models.

Smaller prize, bigger size? Exploring the impact of money on men's self-reported markers of masculinity.

Bodily markers, often self-reported, are frequently used in research to predict a variety of outcomes. The present study examined whether men, at the aggregate level, would overestimate certain bodily markers linked to masculinity, and if so, to what extent. Furthermore, the study explored whether the amount of monetary rewards distributed to male participants would influence the obtained data quality. Men from two participant pools were asked to self-report a series of bodily measures. All self-report measures except weight were consistently found to be above the population mean (height and penis size) or the scale midpoint (athleticism). Additionally, the participant pool that received the lower (vs. higher) monetary reward showed a particularly powerful deviation from the population mean in penis size and were significantly more likely to report their erect and flaccid penis size to be larger than the claimed but not verified world record of 34 cm. These findings indicate that studies relying on men's self-reported measures of certain body parts should be interpreted with great caution, but that higher monetary rewards seem to improve data quality slightly for such measures.

Convicts: A Global History by Clare Anderson

Visitors to the Breton city of Brest can take the téléphérique from the edge of the city center across the Penfeld River to an arts complex housed in the old arsenal buildings high on the opposite bank. This cable car offers an unparalleled view of what was a huge penal-military-industrial complex, a set of docks and quays for the French navy, built largely by the labor of convicts incarcerated in the city’s riverside bagne—one of France’s largest prisons—and its galleys. When the prison was shut in 1858 for being too soft on its inmates, convicts were shipped across the oceans, under a law passed in 1854, to penal colonies in French Guiana and, after 1864, New Caledonia, where they cleared land, farmed, and built more infrastructure for the French empire. As Anderson’s new book demonstrates, the sorts of connections between empire, penal regimes, and labor revealed by convicts’ mobile lives give a different cast to both the history of punishment and global histories of imperial power and knowledge.Convicts is a history of “penal mobility” in two ways (7). First, it offers a comparative account of punishment practices across five centuries in not only all of the Western European empires, but also the newly-independent Latin American states, Russia, China, and Japan. This establishes the geographies (including some very useful maps) and demographics of the movement of convicts in each case, and then uses the similarities and differences between these examples to examine changing practices. This remarkable breadth of vision is achieved through original archival research, primarily on the British and French examples, and by drawing on and synthesizing the fruits of Anderson’s extensive and long-standing collaborative work on different convict labor systems within the European Union–funded “Carceral Archipelago” project (2013–2018).Second, this book contributes to our understanding of global history because penal mobility itself was global. European empires moved convicts (including rebels and political exiles, as well as those convicted of criminal activity) across the world from metropole to colony, from colony to colony (often in surprising ways), and sometimes from colony to metropole. For nation-states, such as Japan, Argentina, or Brazil, that used convict labor within, or more usually at, their borders, convict mobility was shaped by a globally networked discussion on the practice convened in print, government reports, and through penal tours and International Penitentiary Congresses held from 1872 onwards.Anderson’s aim and achievement in writing this volume is significantly to rewrite histories of punishment that have focused on incarceration, immobility, and the prison and, at the same time, to insert convicts into global labor history and the history of migration, from which they have been missing. Each of these are interdisciplinary concerns, and Anderson’s approach is shaped by and contributes to two key cross-disciplinary frameworks that have oriented studies of global history for at least the last thirty years—empire and knowledge. Part I of the book examines in detail how empires and states used convict labor (often alongside or instead of other forms of coerced labor) to secure territories and borderlands, to clear forests and transform other environments, to settle and farm, and to build crucial infrastructure. Part II shows how knowledge of the convict system itself was generated and circulated, but also that convicts were part of the production and circulation of global forms of knowledge about bodies, nature, and society, particularly in the nineteenth century.Convicts were involved in exploration and natural history at the margins of empire, but also in studies that used new techniques of bodily measurement and social science to test theories of medicine, criminality and race, and of changing social structures. While these are histories of power and control, Anderson is constantly alert to the ways in which convicts resisted, subverted, and moved against authority in order to make their own lives where they could and to produce, reproduce, and circulate radical and subversive political ideas.Overall, Convicts: A Global History is a remarkable achievement, a work of global history based on many years of research that restores a subaltern group to its place in the world through both a panoramic overview and the tracing of individual lives lived in extremis.

Starving to death and the anorexic frame of mind.

Because some forms of self-starvation such as hunger striking are exempt from attributions of pathology, and due to incomplete understanding of its etiology, anorexia nervosa (AN) is and must presently be defined by psychological criteria as well as behavioral and bodily measures. Although opaque, typical motivational frames of mind in AN lack the apparent cognitive and volitional dysfunction usually indicating disorder. In contrast to other conditions that exhibit more evident dysfunction, this distinguishes AN from the perspective of medical epistemology: the opacity of AN motivation jeopardizing the epistemic warrant for assigning it to the category of a mental disorder (and so influencing decisions over diagnosis and recovery). This seems to invite non-medical approaches to its prevention and care.

Biographies and Bodies of Pupils of the Amsterdam Maritime Institute, 1792–1943

Abstract In this article, the authors describe and explore the dataset Pupils of the Amsterdam Maritime Institute 1792–1943, which is based on the Comportementboeken of the Amsterdam Maritime Institute. These records contain biographical information and bodily measurements of aspirant sailors between 12 and 20 years of age. The authors have linked the records (N = 5439) to enrolment records and the examinations for the military draft, which provides unique data on historical adolescent growth rates. Apart from anthropometric research, the dataset can be used for different kinds of studies into the background and early careers of Dutch sailors.

A Wireless Hand Grip Device for Motion and Force Analysis

A prototype portable device that allows for simultaneous hand and fingers motion and precise force measurements has been. Wireless microelectromechanical systems based on inertial and force sensors are suitable for tracking bodily measurements. In particular, they can be used for hand interaction with computer applications. Our interest is to design a multimodal wireless hand grip device that measures and evaluates this activity for ludic or medical rehabilitation purposes. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed device has been evaluated against two different commercial dynamometers (Takei model 5101 TKK, Constant 14192-709E). We introduce a testing application to provide visual feedback of all device signals. The combination of interaction forces and movements makes it possible to simulate the dynamic characteristics of the handling of a virtual object by fingers and palm in rehabilitation applications or some serious games. The combination of these above mentioned technologies and open and portable software are very useful in the design of applications for assistance and rehabilitation purposes that is the main objective of the device.

Smart Phone Camera based Weighing Scale for Kitchens in Household Applications

Measurement of physical variables is the most important task in manufacturing, production and trading of each and every produce. E.g. our clothes cannot be stitched properly without taking bodily measurements by a tailor. Household furniture if produced oversize cannot be brought inside homes if the measurement’s of door at entry was not considered in prior. Kitchen food cooked by every fellow Indian sisters, mothers, and daughters can produce some mouthwatering tastes, only if all cooking ingredients were mixed in the right proportion’s, else many have experienced the odds, with special attention to salt, sugar, chili powder, turmeric powder, and other spices. Cooking food is an art and science both and the ingredients to be added in proportion are measured in prior using tools such as measuring spoons, cups and sometimes using weighing scales. Often measurements are carried with confidence of eyes and hands without use of tools, with special attention if one does not have a measuring tool. Not many have access to measuring scales in our society. However it is estimated that 60 % of people in India have access to Smart Phones. Modern Smart Phones are built using at least a 10’s of sensors, among which the Camera is the most popular. A modest weight measuring device can be developed based on very simple algorithms from the wide spectrum of image processing tools. This paper attempts to discuss the use of smart phones to quantify (estimate) the weight of at least one cooking ingredient used in every household. The same device can be used to estimate to identify the quality of the same ingredient in terms of size, color, nutrition, etc.

Stressful Exercise Reveals Hidden Correlations Between Anthropometric Measurements And Cardiovascular Parameters

Camera-based girth measures paired with multi-spectrum bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy can aid in bodily measurements helpful for assessing composition. Fit3D is a relatively new technology for the determination of anthropometric circumferences. There are known relationships between abdominal obesity and blood pressure, but there are fewer investigations exploring the relationship between peripheral circumferences and cardiovascular parameters. PURPOSE: To evaluate relationships between anthropometric measurements calculated by the Fit3D to pre- and post-exercise blood pressure values. METHODS: 17 subjects (7 female, 10 male) underwent laboratory testing beginning with a body composition assessment by the Fit3D (Fit3D, Inc., USA). Subjects then had resting heart rate and blood pressure recorded, followed by a treadmill VO2 max assessment during which ventilatory threshold was identified using the V-slope method. This value was used to determine work rate in a subsequent 60-minute exercise session. Immediately after exercise, subjects were retested on the Fit3D and had post-exercise values of heart rate and blood pressure collected. Descriptive statistics characterized the study sample; simple linear regressions tested the relationships between anthropometric assessments and cardiovascular parameters. RESULTS: Subjects were 20.5 ± 1.7 years old, weighed 73.8 ± 15.4 kg, had a body fat of 24.2 ± 6.6%, resting heart rate (HR) of 78.1 ± 14.9 bpm, systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 122.8 ± 4.6 mmHg, and diastolic pressure of 74.6 ± 4.9 mmHg. Fit3D-calculated "Body Shape Rating" was unrelated to HR at baseline (p=0.297) but a higher value predicted a lower post-exercise HR (β=-0.691, p=0.033). Resting forearm circumference was unrelated to SBP (p=0.978) and DBP (p=0.539), but post-exercise forearm circumference predicted both SBP (β=1.336, p=0.031) and DBP (β=1.823, p=0.038). Calf circumference was unrelated to SBP, but demonstrated trends with DBP at rest (β=0.942, p=0.033) and post-exercise (β=1.403, p=0.080). Upper arm and upper leg circumferences were unrelated. CONCLUSION: In a condensed age group, stressful exercise seemed to reveal otherwise-hidden correlations between peripheral anthropometric measurements and cardiovascular assessments.

Abstract A079: Social-pain clusters in diverse women with breast cancer, and associations with sociodemographic factors and mortality

Abstract Background: Social factors and physical pain are related bidirectionally and as a function of temperament and disease processes, but the relevance of this to population research is unknown. We developed social-pain clusters, or groups that were similar with regard to social and pain characteristics, in a large, population-based cohort of women with breast cancer, evaluating associations of resulting clusters with sociodemographic factors and mortality. Methods: The study population included 4,279 women from the Pathways Study, a prospective cohort study of women diagnosed from 2006-2013 with stages I-IV breast cancer in Kaiser Permanente Northern California, who provided data on social (social integration, social well-being, loneliness, social well-being) and bodily pain measures at study baseline. Measures included the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support survey, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy, a single-item measure of loneliness from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression measure, and a previously derived measure of social integration (Kroenke et al.). We used latent class analysis to develop social-pain clusters and used BIC criteria to select the optimal number of clusters. We further evaluated associations of age, race/ethnicity, education, and income with clusters in multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses, with adjustment for depressive symptoms, and also evaluated associations of clusters with mortality using Cox models. Results: Cluster analysis produced three clusters including a “resilient” cluster characterized by low social and pain symptomatology (including 30% of study participants), a “distressed” cluster characterized by high symptomatology (20% of participants), and an intermediate cluster characterized by high pain and compromised social function but otherwise high support (50% of participants). Sociodemographic factors associated with higher odds of categorization in the distressed (vs. resilient) cluster included age (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.05), income <$25K (OR=9.30, 95% CI: 5.72-15.13), API race/ethnicity (OR=2.51, 95% CI: 1.72-3.67), and graduate-level education (OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.16-2.22). Age, low income, and API race/ethnicity were also related to higher odds of categorization in the intermediate (vs. resilient) cluster. However, those in the distressed (HR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.06-1.80), but not intermediate (HR=1.05, CI: 0.83-1.33), cluster had a higher risk of overall mortality. Conclusions: Age, low income, and API race/ethnicity predicted higher social and pain symptomatology in a population-based breast cancer cohort, independent of depressive symptoms. The clustering of these symptoms was related to higher overall mortality. Reference: Kroenke CH, Kwan ML, Neugut AI, Ergas IJ, Wright JD, Caan BJ, Hershman D, Kushi LH. Social networks, social support mechanisms, and quality of life after breast cancer diagnosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013;139(2):515-27. Citation Format: Candyce H. Kroenke, Stacey Alexeeff, Scarlett Lin Gomez, Marilyn L. Kwan, Lawrence H. Kushi. Social-pain clusters in diverse women with breast cancer, and associations with sociodemographic factors and mortality [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A079.

Effects of Whole Body Vibration Therapy and Classic Physiotherapy on Postural Stability in People With Back Pain: A Randomized Trial.

This 2-step prospective randomized parallel trial evaluated postural stability in 65 back pain participants (61.6±7.9 y) and 50 nonback pain participants (61.2±8.6 y) in a first step using the MFT-S3-Check. In a second step, postural stability and questionnaires were evaluated in back pain participants before and after therapy with either whole body vibration therapy or classic physiotherapy. The first aim was to investigate whether the MFT-S3-Check is suitable to evaluate differences in postural stability in back pain and nonback pain participants. The second aim was to evaluate the effect of whole body vibration therapy and classic physiotherapy on postural stability and the influence of depressive symptoms and pain. Objective bodily measurement values in chronic back pain are rare; therefore, the evaluation of effectiveness of different therapies is difficult. Postural stability was investigated using stability-, sensorimotor-, and symmetry indexes, in standing and seated positions with the MFT-S3-Check. The following standard questionnaires were used to investigate pain and depressive symptoms: HADS, ODI, NASS, SF-36. No significant difference in postural stability was found between back pain participants and the nonback pain group. None of the two training concepts in back pain participants was superior, concerning postural stability and pain. Both treatments showed positive effects, with significant improvements in postural stability in the classic physiotherapy group. Depressive symptoms had a significant correlation with pain intensity in back pain participants. The MFT-S3-Check could not find a significant difference in postural stability between the back pain and nonback pain group in the study setting. Postural stability improved after treatment.

Average, normal, and beautiful: representations of bodies in Brazilian biotypology (1930-1940)

ABSTRACTTh present article deals with the visual culture present in the books and textbooks on biotypology in Brazil, in the 1930s and 1940s. It analyses the representations of bodies in images, all of which were employed to guide people on the reasoning and practices of bodily measurement and classification according to the main biotypology approaches. Images herein discussed expressed the following scientific modus operandi of biotypology in Brazil: anthropometry, biometry and the construction of an average body; categorisation of biotypes, physical culture and classic aesthetic; and the link between normality, beauty and moral conceptions applied to women’s body features. This analysis also seeks to shed light on some of the ways in which biotypology strayed from and was consistent with eugenic discourse in Brazil. The representation of bodies in Brazilian biotypology showed the efforts to construct normal and deviant bodies defined according to ideals of national and racial identity, perfection, symmetry, harmony, goodness, fairness, femininity and beauty.

PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF LOCAL GOATS POPULATIONS IN WESTERN ALGERIAN: MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND MILK QUALITY


 The objective of this study is the phenotypic characterization and physic-chemical analysis of the milk of the goat population in the Wilaya of Tlemcen, in view of a contribution to a better understanding of goat genetic resources remains hitherto little studied; bodily measurements were performed at 59 individuals.This study examined 20 variables including 17 quantitative variables and 03 qualitative variables, the data were submitted to a PCA (principal component analysis), a centroid of classes, correlation coefficient and follows a hierarchical clustering (CAH).The results showed highly correlated variables (HG, HS = 0.742) (HS, HD = 0.826) and they divide the local goat population in the Tlemcen region into three classes according to the morphology of individuals, there are tall dwarf goats and other, with a mid-sized class.Regarding the quality of the milk from our goats, physicochemical analyzes show that milk is rich in fat and protein with 3.5% and 4.5% levels respectively. These characteristics provide superior quality and very comparable to the milk of goat breeds known for their cheese abilities.

Predicting cognitive states from wearable recordings of autonomic function

Wearable devices, for gathering bodily measurements from a variety of physiological sources, have now broadly entered the consumer market. Here, we report the results of a preliminary study that aims to extend the usefulness of data collected from a body metrics device that provides 34 continuous physiological measures from sensors embedded in an exercise shirt. Typically, these measures are used to analyze current physical activity by extracting features from the raw data. We examined the possibility that these measures could also be used to predict future cognitive states by allowing users to train a system to categorize historical physiological and movement data, according to their present indication of a salient cognitive transition in mood, motivation, or behavioral context. Indications in the data were self-reported subjective state labels chosen by the user and then configured as a set of buttons within an IBM-designed and implemented mobile app. Our system builds predictors using supervised machine learning applied to the 10–30 min of continuous measures that precede a label. With these labeled measurements, we reliably predicted cognitive events at a degree of accuracy above chance. The proof-of-concept results reported here establish the feasibility of a system that applies our personalized method, which integrates real-time data from any wearable sensor with cognitive/behavioral labels submitted privately by a user, to anticipate cognitive changes, and which then issues alerts.

Surface coatings of silver nanowires lead to effective, high conductivity, high-strain, ultrathin sensors.

Integrated sensors for bodily measurements require a sensing material that is highly conductive, flexible, thin and sensitive. It is important that these materials are non-invasive in application but robust in nature to allow for effective, continuous measurement. Herein, we report a comparative study of two simple, scalable methods to produce silver nanowire (AgNW) polyurethane (PU) composite materials: layer-by-layer (LBL) and mixed filtration. Both types of composites formed were ultrathin (∼50 μm) and highly conductive (104 S m-1), with the LBL method ultimately found to be superior due to its low percolation threshold. Electrical resistance of the LBL composites was found to vary with strain, making these materials suitable for strain sensing. LBL composites displayed a working strain up to ∼250% and a high gauge factor (G), with values of G ∼70 reported. The sensors reported here were ∼109-times more conductive and ∼104-times thinner than their carbon-based composite sensor counterparts with similar gauge factor. This made the strain sensors presented here among one of the most flexible, highly sensitive, thinnest, conductive materials in literature. We demonstrated that with these properties, the LBL composites formed were ideal for bodily motion detection.

Neural Responses to Heartbeats in the Default Network Encode the Self in Spontaneous Thoughts.

The default network (DN) has been consistently associated with self-related cognition, but also to bodily state monitoring and autonomic regulation. We hypothesized that these two seemingly disparate functional roles of the DN are functionally coupled, in line with theories proposing that selfhood is grounded in the neural monitoring of internal organs, such as the heart. We measured with magnetoencephalograhy neural responses evoked by heartbeats while human participants freely mind-wandered. When interrupted by a visual stimulus at random intervals, participants scored the self-relatedness of the interrupted thought. They evaluated their involvement as the first-person perspective subject or agent in the thought ("I"), and on another scale to what degree they were thinking about themselves ("Me"). During the interrupted thought, neural responses to heartbeats in two regions of the DN, the ventral precuneus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, covaried, respectively, with the "I" and the "Me" dimensions of the self, even at the single-trial level. No covariation between self-relatedness and peripheral autonomic measures (heart rate, heart rate variability, pupil diameter, electrodermal activity, respiration rate, and phase) or alpha power was observed. Our results reveal a direct link between selfhood and neural responses to heartbeats in the DN and thus directly support theories grounding selfhood in the neural monitoring of visceral inputs. More generally, the tight functional coupling between self-related processing and cardiac monitoring observed here implies that, even in the absence of measured changes in peripheral bodily measures, physiological and cognitive functions have to be considered jointly in the DN. The default network (DN) has been consistently associated with self-processing but also with autonomic regulation. We hypothesized that these two functions could be functionally coupled in the DN, inspired by theories according to which selfhood is grounded in the neural monitoring of internal organs. Using magnetoencephalography, we show that heartbeat-evoked responses (HERs) in the DN covary with the self-relatedness of ongoing spontaneous thoughts. HER amplitude in the ventral precuneus covaried with the "I" self-dimension, whereas HER amplitude in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex encoded the "Me" self-dimension. Our experimental results directly support theories rooting selfhood in the neural monitoring of internal organs. We propose a novel functional framework for the DN, where self-processing is coupled with physiological monitoring.

X-ray pelvimetry in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus - LINNAEUS, 1758)

ABSTRACT The common marmoset is an important Neotropical primate for biomedical research. With the intention of providing pelvimetric values that allow the selection of animals with better characteristics for reproduction, we studied the X-ray of the pelvis, in ventro-dorsal projection of 12 adult animals, six males and six females, belonging to the National Center of Primates - CENP. The measurements were made to right diagonal diameters (RDD), left diagonal diameter (LDD), bi-iliac middle diameter (BIMD), bi-iliac upper diameter (BIUD), bi-iliac lower diameter (BILD), sacrum-pubic diameter (SPD), and the input area of the pelvis (IAP), which were compared in relation to sex and bodily correlated with the biometrics. The results of the means and standard deviations regarding pelvimetry (cm) were: for the RDD in males of 1.91±0.14 and in the females of 2.05±0.08; LDD in males of 1.85±0.16 and in females of 2.03± 0.08; BIMD in males of 1.46±0.12 and in the females of 1.5±0; BIUD showed in males 1.3±0.1 and in females of 1.3±0.06; BILD in males of 1.35±0.15 and in females of 1.25±0.08; SPD in males of 1.68±0.09 and in females of 1.93±0.13; IAP in males of 1.9±0.26 and in the females of 2.23±0.13. It was concluded that the pelvis of Callithrix jacchus could be classified as dolicopelvic type, there is sexual dimorphism in relation to the pelvis of adult animals and that the bodily measurements have low positive correlation with pelvic measurements.

Moving beyond BMI: Predicting surgical complexity using anthropomorphic measurement

Objectives: Visceral fat volume has been shown to better predict surgical complexity than Body Mass Index. While more frequently cited, BMI is fundamentally inaccurate at predicting surgical outcome. Previously we tried to correlate Waist:Hip ratio with lymph node count or surgical complications, with no success. This study re-tested this same dataset using novel estimators of visceral fat which utilized readily available bodily measures.

The types of the body and their impact on the occurrence of sports injuries among the students of the Faculty of Sports Science

The study aimed to identify the body types and their impact on the occurrence of sports injuries among the students of the Faculty of Sports Science at theUniversityofMu'tah. The study also aimed to identify the most common sports injuries among the students of the Faculty of Sport Sciences at theUniversityofMu'tah. Additionally , the study aimed to identify the body types that are prevalent among the male and females students at the College of sports science at theUniversityofMu'tah. The research sample consisted of ( )male and female students from the Department of Physical Education students in theCollegeofSports Science, in which the researcher used the descriptive survey approach. The form of revealing injuries was also used ;besides a set of Bodily measurements for the purpose of determining the type of the body . The two researchers used a set of statistical methods to answer the questions of the study (percentages , frequencies , (K 2) test , multiple analysis of variance (Tow-Way Anova), and Scheffe’ test for post comparisons) The study concluded that the mesomorphic type is the most prevalent type among the male and female students in the College of Sport Sciences . The study also showed that the lower limbs are the parts which are mostly injured among the students of the Faculty of Sport Sciences . The study concluded that the males are more exposed to injury than the females in the College of Sport Sciences. The results of the study indicate that abrasions or scratches are the most common types of injury among the students of the Faculty of sport Sciences

Tracing the body aesthetics in contemporary Chinese art: Hong Kong sculptor Ho Siu Kee as a case study

Abstract This article attempts to define body aesthetics in contemporary Chinese art. By tracing the body aesthetics in Hong Kong Sculptor Ho Siu Kee’s artistic development in the past two decades, it will argue that Ho’s artworks exploring the body and extension of the body as themes and mediums entail a certain kind of body aesthetics that is unprecedented in the history of contemporary Chinese art. It will also examine how Ho’s adoption of contraption parallels his western counterparts. Most importantly it will examine the ways he has developed his sculptural forms emphasizing modification of the body, bodily movement, contraptions, the art of measurement with regard to the body, materialization of bodily measurement and fine craftsmanship that transcend his western counterparts. His art as a whole can be interpreted in a fluid manner that goes beyond the boundaries of performance art, installation art, conceptual art, photography, video art and sculpture.

A cross-sectional survey and service evaluation of simple telehealth in primary care: what do patients think?

ObjectiveTo determine the patient experience of using a simple telehealth strategy to manage hypertension in adults.DesignAs part of a pragmatic service evaluation, the acceptability of, satisfaction with and ease of...