Administrative Bodies Research Articles

Are Local Commune Governments Interested in the Development of Photovoltaics in Their Area? An Inside View of Poland

A growing number of installations for generating energy from renewable sources has provoked an increased response in society. The tendency to support such investments is noticeable. The main actors in the PV market include investors, administrative bodies that issue relevant permits, and communities in locations where such investment projects are planned. Not every property should be allotted for such investments. Some entities are interested in having Renewable Energy Source (RES) installed in their area. This study aims to demonstrate the benefits that local commune governments can gain from implementing PV farms in their area and to perform an analysis of socio-economic and spatial determinants of locating PV farms at the regional level. The scenario method and a multiple regression analysis were applied in this study. The research was conducted for the territory of Poland, taking into consideration the number of PV farms in individual regions/voivodeships (NUTS-2). The results show that the number of PV farms in Poland is not growing evenly. The growth of the investment project number is the greatest in the north and the northwest of Poland. Local commune governments are interested in implementing PV farms because of a much higher income from the real estate tax and because of a decrease in the rate of unemployment among agricultural farm owners. All of these results should be observed from a longer-term perspective to confirm the trends.

The issue of legal regulation of administrative procedures on the example of foreign countries

The article deals with the issue of legal regulation of administrative procedures on the example of foreign countries. The standards of the administrative procedure regarding the adoption of administrative decisions, i.e. decisions of public administration bodies, which concern the rights and obligations of individuals and legal entities, are considered. The content and peculiarities of legal regulation of administrative procedures in foreign countries, the scope and subject of legal regulation through the prism of the legislation of foreign countries on administrative procedures are outlined. Various approaches to determining the scope, content and methods of its legal regulation are analyzed.
 Attention is focused on the specifics of managerial activity, which must take effective measures in a timely manner in a wide variety of situations, forming the boundaries and restrictions necessary in the rule of law. The types of entities to which administrative procedures apply have been considered.
 The rights and obligations of administrative bodies regarding the preparation and adoption of an administrative decision are defined. Features of appeals by individuals and legal entities, definition of sub-agency category of cases are outlined. The types of decisions made by the administrative body are classified. Emphasis is placed on informing persons whose interests may be affected by an administrative act.
 The grounds for removing officials considered biased are outlined. The rights of citizens participating in the administrative procedure are considered separately.

Pilot study exploring the presence of leadership curricula in undergraduate medical education

IntroductionThe physician’s role in the healthcare delivery system extends beyond patient care to include numerous critical leadership roles in healthcare. In addition to treating patients, physicians manage multidisciplinary teams and...

Priming the state: continuity and junctures in the foundation of the Irish administration

ABSTRACT A principle of continuity was baked into the political and legal instruments underpinning the embryonic Irish state. At the same time, a process of evolutionary change we call ‘administrative greening’ was initiated, which we examine here and in Biggins, MacCarthaigh, and Scott ([2024b]. Greening the Irish State: Early Legislative and Administrative Dynamics. Irish Political Studies, 39(2), 187–205). In this first article, we highlight the extent to which these dynamics shaped the formative or ‘priming’ years of the new state and its politics. We interrogate this from both political and legal angles. The pre-existence of British administrative bodies and norms constrained the Irish revolutionary parliament (Dáil Éireann), the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 and the Constitution of Saorstát Éireann in 1922. The early leaders of the vulnerable state understood they would have fuelled instability and uncertainty had they chosen to dispense with the existing public administration en masse post-1921. But this inheritance did not preclude administrative evolution either. We explore the mechanisms through which objectives of continuity and change were framed. In so doing, we place our narrative within a broader literature on path-dependency and critical junctures.

DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INCLUSIVE LABOR MARKET IN UKRAINE

The article examines the modern determinants of the development of the inclusive labor market in Ukraine, which are determined by a complex of specific factors that affect the process of integration of people from socially vulnerable population groups. It has been proven that one of the key components of the inclusive labor market are socio-economic conditions that form the foundation for the development of an inclusive economy. It was determined that the degree of economic development, the level of unemployment and the availability of financial resources directly affect the formation of an inclusive labor market. In addition, an important role in the formation of an inclusive environment is also played by legal regulation, including the interaction of national public administration bodies with the international labor organization. It has been proven that normative acts aimed at protecting the rights of socially vulnerable persons create the necessary conditions for their active participation in economic activity on the labor market. It was determined that the development and improvement of such normative legal acts is a strategic task for ensuring the sustainable development of the inclusive labor market in Ukraine. Socio-cultural factors that determine society's attitude towards socially vulnerable persons and shape openness and tolerance in the working environment are considered. It was determined that an effective policy of differentiation and acceptance of diversity can contribute to the creation of a positive climate for inclusive employment, promoting the development of diverse talents and skills among employees in order to strengthen the relevance of their qualifications to the demands of employers. It has been proven that educational opportunities for persons with disabilities play a key role in their integration into the inclusive labor market. It was found that the system of providing high-quality education and professional training, as well as the implementation of special support programs in general, contribute to the growth of the competitiveness of this group of workers in the labor market. It was determined that organizational aspects, such as the creation of specialized employment centers, functional support of enterprises that implement inclusive practices, as well as the development of corporate responsibility, contribute to the effective solution of the problems of integration of socially vulnerable persons in the field of work. It is proved that all the mentioned determinants are closely interrelated and interact with each other, forming a complex system of factors that influence the development of the inclusive labor market in Ukraine.

Partial overview of the state administration bodies in Croatia responsible for occupational safety, 1990 to 2023

Polazište i okvir ovog rada je određenje zajedničkog cilj državne uprave, odnosno javne uprave (koja u širem smislu obuhvaća državnu upravu, lokalnu i područnu (regionalnu) samoupravu i javne službe), koje u najširem smislu imaju za cilj „zadovoljavanje općih interesa i javnih potreba“, pa tako i javnog interesa u području zaštite na radu . U ovome radu piše se o poslovima državne uprave, ustrojstvu državne uprave (pa i u 2023. godini), a posebno o Ministarstvu rada, mirovinskoga sustava, obitelji i socijalne politike (Uprava za rad i zaštitu na radu, istaknuto) i Državnom inspektoratu (područjima inspekcijskih poslova i „sektoru inspekcije rada“), kao i o uredbama o unutrašnjem ustroju tijela državne uprave. Izdvaja se dio sadržaja u radu koji se odnosi na kronološki (razvojni) prikaz tijela državne uprave (njihovo ustrojstvo i djelokrug kroz ministarstva, središnjih državnih ureda i državnih upravnih organizacija u području zaštite na radu od 1990. do 2023. godine). Ustav Republike Hrvatske i zakoni na snazi (kao i oni koji su važili od 1990. godine utvrđuju poslove državne uprave kao uvjetovanih cjelina: provedba državnih politika; neposredna provedba zakona i drugih propisa te izravno primjenjivih propisa Europske unije; inspekcijski nadzori; upravni nadzori; drugi upravni i stručni poslovi državne uprave. Za uspješno funkcioniranje tog sustava bitni su, pored drugih, ustrojstvo državne uprave. To se u ovom radu ističe prikazom ustrojstva nadležnosti tijela državne uprave Republike Hrvatske u području zaštite na radu.

МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПЕРЕХІДНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ В ІЄРАРХІЧНИХ СТРУКТУРАХ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ З НЕЛІНІЙНИМИ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКАМИ

The last decades are characterized by a large number of studies of state and public figures, which can be called an era of deep (fundamental) and rapid changes. Society is experiencing qualitative changes and serious challenges, therefore there is a kind of paradox when the imperatives of a new era force the development of a theoretical basis in the semantic field of common sense, which is associated with permanence and qualitative changes in political, economic and social life [1, 2, 3] . In state administration and local self-government bodies, relations between people, rapid unpredictable changes in the situation in the country and in regions (political, economic, social, etc.) are non-linear management systems. Moreover, any physical system when examined in more detail is always nonlinear. The effectiveness of managing a nonlinear system, taking into account disturbing factors, depends on the accuracy of forecasting the dynamics of changes in individual elements of such a system. This is a multifaceted problem [15]. A characteristic feature of non-linear hierarchical structures (NIS) in the public service (state administration - DU and local self-government - MS) is a continuous and discrete change in the processes of development of events, which distinguishes them from other internal and external influences, such as those that cause the transformation of linear communication into non-linear, which ultimately leads to new changes. This is the first thing. Second, subject-object relationships can have uncoordinated actions caused by real-world circumstances. Such uncoordinated actions can occur even more in transitional processes of society (for example, the speed of their flow) due to the inertia of individual elements or the social system itself as a whole. As a result of these phenomena, the linear relationship between discrete changes is broken and the previous hierarchical structure changes, which leads to non-linear information relationships in the state administration (SU) and local self-government bodies (MS). For example, G. Pocheptsov and other scientists associate this nonlinearity with chaos, the growing complexity of social processes, globalization, with a threat to state security, with the manifestation of unpredictability and instability [1-5]. Strict requirements are imposed on the management process in the new state of DU and MS: - resilience of the management system; - the system should be described as continuous-discrete (its dynamics); - the management process must ensure the necessary accuracy of matching the indicators of the new state of the system with the previous one. A number of problems appear in newly formed non-linear hierarchical structures (NIS) in DU and MS: - lack of a priori information about processes with non-linear connections; - inaccuracy of structural identification; - inaccuracy in the choice of criteria for assessing the situation; - restructuring processes; - wrong choice of states of nature; - incorrect determination of the importance of the selected criteria according to the scale of importance; - incorrectly chosen dependence of alternatives on the criterion; - insufficient degree of awareness of the complexity of the situation. Solving the above problems requires experimental research. If the process of stabilization of the NIS in the DU is considered as an object of regulation, then it is enough to establish the dependence of this stability on the control action and the main disturbance, and all other actions are considered as disturbances on the object of study. Such a description will reflect the main dynamic characteristics of such a process and will be sufficient for the synthesis and development of an optimal regulation system with the aim of achieving stable (stable) processes in such systems (including DU and MS). In the future, we will approach the DU as a non-linear hierarchical system (NHS) and depict the NIS as a multidimensional continuous system, in which the state of nature is the regulated quantity, and the input is the action of managers in the DU and MS (management decisions made by them - PUR) regarding regulation , coordination and perturbations acting on the system.

Enhancing green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) conservation for tourists at Little Liuqiu island, Taiwan: Application of deep learning algorithms

Observing marine life has emerged as a pivotal catalyst for the growth of the Blue Economy. Yet, overzealous and recurrent observations may exert undue stress on marine creatures, thereby complicating the sustainable management of marine assets. After the easing of Covid-19 pandemic restrictions, a notable influx of tourists to Little Liuqiu Island, Taiwan puts considerable stress on its green sea turtle population. This surge intensified incidents of illegal harassment, triggering concerns from both the local community and administrative bodies. The prevailing challenge is to ensure tourists observe these turtles with respect, refraining from behaviors such as touching or pursuing them. Addressing this, our study harnesses deep learning algorithms to equip ecotourism operators and tourists with tools to detect green sea turtles across diverse coastal terrains, reinforcing conservation efforts. Our analysis scrutinized object detection AI models, namely YOLOv3, YOLOv5s, and YOLOv5l. Fieldwork was undertaken on the island to gather ample training images, capturing elusive green sea turtles in various settings, from coastline strolls to drone imagery. Supplemental images sourced from local social media platforms were later added. Contrary to expectations, we found that merely expanding the training dataset did not guarantee improved outcomes. Instead, the variance in image content, considering distances, angles, and turtle appearances, played a pivotal role in enhancing model precision. Through our experimentation, the streamlined YOLOv5s model consistently eclipsed its more complex counterparts in performance. An AI service, underpinned by the YOLOv5s model, has been launched to distinguish between green sea turtle types for tourist-focused conservation initiatives. Future iterations will incorporate user feedback to refine accuracy. Our research breaks new ground, spotlighting the intricacies of gathering natural environment data, pinpointing optimal AI models, and evaluating their practical implications for green sea turtle conservation.

A comparative study of sports sponsorship for excellent and first class clubs in the Kurdistan region from the point of view of members of its administrative bodies

A comparative study of sports sponsorship for excellent and first class clubs in the Kurdistan region from the point of view of members of its administrative bodies

THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOTARY AS FREE LEGAL PROFESSION IN KOSOVO

Background: This paper analyses the role of notaries in Kosovo, individuals authorised by the state to draft, solemnise, and legalise legal civil documents. Today, notary services are performed by qualified lawyers who meet state-set criteria and pass a professional exam to practice as independent professionals. The experiences in the world show that notaries contribute to the relieving and efficiency of courts and administrative bodies, thereby expediting legal processes and safeguarding the rights and interests of natural and legal persons. The notary is a public service exercised by authorised persons licensed by the state to fulfil the requests of legal and natural persons through the preparation of notarial acts. In the Republic of Kosovo, notaries are also registered as individual businesses with the Business Registration Agency. During the preparation of these acts, notaries are expected to have high personal and professional integrity, directly impacting the fulfilment of the citizens’ requests with high efficiency and professionalism. In terms of how it is organised and operated, the notary service is very complex in the eyes of the citizens and within the justice system itself. To increase confidence, the Kosovo Chamber of Notaries has identified the development of the notary as a permanent process of modernisation and harmonisation of notary services with the evolving needs of legal and natural persons receiving such services. This strategic focus ensures the effective protection of legal interests and promotes legal certainty. Methods: In the present research, we employed the qualitative method, commonly utilised in the social sciences. Our study uses a combination of literature review and analysis approaches in conjunction with normative, comparative, and historical methods. We analyse the legal treatment that the Kosovo notary system has received from the legislative and academic literature and examine the system's benefits and drawbacks. This approach, which compares the notary system to the one used by the Kosovo courts before 2011, assists in defining the purpose, significance, and status of the notary system in Kosovo. Using the comparison method, we identify the common and distinctive elements of the notarial system in Kosovo as well as the directions for its development under international standards, giving a clear overview of its place, role, and importance of the notarial system in Kosovo. Based on the legal analysis, we highlight the changes in the interior of legal relations, which were previously the responsibility of administrative bodies and courts but are now the responsibility of notaries. Results and Conclusions: The existing normative framework provides a good basis for information on the work of notaries and the Chamber of Notaries. However, an even greater contribution should be made to better inform citizens about the functioning of the notary system, which is crucial for strengthening public confidence in the Notary.

REFORMS IN THE FIELD OF METROLOGY AND ITS IMPORTANCE TODAY

The meteorological service of the state administration bodies of the republic will be introduced (it used to consist of the state meteorological service and the metrological services of legal entities). They are organized in necessary cases to ensure the uniformity of measurements and to carry out metrological control. This article describes the work and reforms carried out in the system for the further development and improvement of work in the field of metrology in our country.

SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Artificial intelligence grows ever more impactful in various social and economic domains. Public administration is among increasingly prominent fields undergoing technology-driven transformations. Today’s administration bodies, local and central both, are facing the challenge of accommodating new outlooks brought by artificial intelligence. This dynamic metamorphosis entails both benefits and difficulties worth investigating. The primary research problem here is the use of artificial intelligence in public administration and potential future changes in this regard. The main research goal of the article is to analyse the benefits of employing artificial intelligence in public administration followed by an analysis of any relevant ethical and pragmatic questions. The article further presents selected aspects of the problem, focusing on the application of data science in public health care.

The Authority of the Notary Supervisory Board in the Position as a Body or Official of the State Administration in Imposing Administrative Sanctions on Notaries

The purpose of this research is to analyze the authority of the Regional Supervisory Board in carrying out its duties as a State Body or Official, as well as to analyze the appropriate forms of administrative sanctions that can be imposed on notaries. The results of this study indicate that the Notary Supervisory Board is a State Body or Official because it is an extension of the authority of the Minister of Law and Human Rights obtained through delegation and attribution stemming from the Notary Office Law. The decisions of the Notary Supervisory Board can be categorized as State Administrative Decisions. A Notary who violates the provisions of Article 16 paragraph (1) letter of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Positions, will be subject to administrative sanctions based on Article 16 paragraph (11) of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Positions which regulates that "Notaries who violate the provisions referred to in paragraph (1) letter a to letter l may be subject to administrative sanctions in the form of a written warning, temporary suspension, honorable dismissal or dishonorable dismissal." In Article 85 of the Notary Law, 5 (five) types of administrative sanctions are mentioned: verbal warning, written warning, temporary suspension, honorable dismissal, and dishonorable dismissal.

THE VOIVODE'S RECOMMENDATION AS A SPECIFIC TOOL FOR SECURITY PROTECTION IN A DUALISTIC MODEL OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN POLAND

This paper aims to analyze the problems resulting from the voivode’s use of a recommendation tool issued for local government administration bodies, as well as recommendations issued for local government bodies. It investigates the characteristics of the dualistic system of local administration, along with a discussion of its structure and the importance of the connections resulting from centralization or decentralization. It explores problems related to determining the final nature of orders issued by the voivode for government administrative bodies and local government bodies. The study also encompasses the premises enabling the voivode to issue a recommendation and the positions of representatives of the doctrine on how to understand the concepts of protection of public security and order.

Strategic alignment and its role in enhancing Excellence Performance An analytical study of a sample of administrative bodies in some Iraqi universities

Strategic alignment and its role in enhancing Excellence Performance An analytical study of a sample of administrative bodies in some Iraqi universities

The Award Decision in the Saudi Competition and Government Procurement Law, a Comparative Study

The administrative contract is considered a means by which the administrative body uses it to manage the affairs of public facilities and cover what it needs for that purpose. One of the most important stages it goes through is the stage of opening and examining bids. The Saudi Government Competition and Procurement Law have established dedicated committees for those who open bids and examine bids for that purpose, and the role of the bid examination committee is to recommend awarding the contract to the bidder who wins the competition, and then the award decision is issued by the person with the authority. Here comes the problem regarding the award decision. Is it considered an acceptance on the part of management that matches the offer of the bidder, or is it merely an announcement and acknowledgment of the bidder’s entitlement to the contract and remains the contract is not concluded until it is written and signed by all parties. Here, this study came to address this aspect and clarify what is the position of the legal text on this, and what is the position of the Saudi administrative judiciary on it. It was organized into an introduction, a preface, four sections, and a conclusion that included the most important results, including The Saudi administrative judiciary considers the awarding decision to be an acceptance by the administration and completion of the contract, and that the awarding decision can be appealed by cancellation like the rest of the administration’s decisions. This study recommended that the text of the Competitions and Procurement Law be amended and the ambiguity and lack of clarity in this part be removed.

Exploring the Challenges and Strategies for Enhancing Biotechnology Instruction in a Modularized Context at University of Rwanda-College of Science and Technology

The globalization of higher education, spearheaded by initiatives like the Bologna Process, has transformed traditional teaching methods, fostering collaboration and interconnectedness among institutions globally. This transformation is evident in Rwanda's higher learning sector, where teaching and learning paradigms have evolved in line with Bologna Process principles. This study delves into the challenges faced by students and lecturers in teaching and learning biotechnology within this framework, and proposes enhancement strategies. Utilising a mixed-method approach, the study examines responses from 111 participants from the University of Rwanda-College of Science and Technology (UR-CST). Data collection involved questionnaires analysed using SPSS, supplemented by insights from focus group interviews and classroom observations. Key findings reveal hurdles that include inadequate facilities, limited connectivity, and weak coordination between academic and administrative bodies. Large class sizes and a lack of awareness regarding diverse learning styles exacerbate challenges. Additionally, time constraints and infrequent assessments hinder effective teaching and learning. To address these issues, the study suggests solutions such as continuous professional development for teachers, optimised time management, and improved laboratory facilities with dedicated personnel. These recommendations aim to enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning in biotechnology, ensuring students receive quality education despite prevailing challenges.

The role of the Act of 5 November 1916 in starting the process of rebuilding Polish statehood

The following text is devoted to the issues of the fate of Polish lands being decided during World War I. Above all it discusses the Act of 5 November 1916 issued by two of the partitioning powers – the Second German Reich and Austria-Hungary – and assesses its role in the future revival of Polish statehood. This legal act led to the establishing of semi-sovereign central Polish administration bodies, which prepared a draft constitution for the future state (monarchist), a draft electoral law for the Sejm, and took many steps to establish local Polish authorities, the judiciary, and the education system. The authors analyse the establishment of the two main central bodies under the auspices of Germany and Austria-Hungary (the Provisional Council of State, and the Regency Council), describe the monarchist project of the Polish constitution created thanks to the Provisional Council of State, and the electoral law designed at that time. They also question to what extent the acts of 5 November can be associated with the concept of “Mitteleuropa” – the creation of an economic and political union in Central and Eastern Europe of states that were to function under strict German control. This concept, created in the second half of the 19th century, was redefined during World War I. The historical-legal method was used in work on this article, supplemented with the dogmatic-legal and comparative methods.

SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE ADMINISTRATION BODY PARTICIPANTS’ SATISFACTION ON DECISION TO USE MOBILE APPLICATION

Mobile JKN is an application developed by Social Health Insurance Administration Body to provide easy access to information about the National Healthcare Insurance Program (JKN Program). The number of participants in the Social Security Agency on Health (BPJS Health) has almost reached 250 million people. The government must manage public services so Social Security Agency on Health participants can access health facilities conveniently. The study aims to analyze the Social Security Agency on Health participants’ satisfaction with the decision to use the Mobile JKN application using the Expectancy Disconfirmation Model (EDM). EDM described how perceived expectations and performance influence public satisfaction. The study method is quantitative, with the study unit being Social Security Agency on Health participants and locus in Bogor. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), a multivariate data analysis technique, was used in this study to examine the data and assess the intricate relationships between the constructs and indicators. The data processing technique uses SmartPLS. The finding shows that using the mobile JKN application has positively impacted user satisfaction. The Social Security Agency on Health participants were satisfied after utilizing the Mobile JKN application to access healthcare services.

Institutional framework for the Financial Supervision Authority's control over the activities of an insurance agent

ObjectivesThe subject of consideration is the supervisory powers of the Financial Supervision Authority in terms of the control of insurance agents. Act of 15 Dec 2017 on Insurance Distribution introduced the possibility of conducting inspections of insurance agents' activities by supervisory authorities. The Financial Supervisory Authority is the body that supervises the financial market, including the supervision of activities related to the distribution and redistribution of insuranceMaterial and methodsThe article has been drawn up mainly using the formal-dogmatic method. It involves the description and systematization of legal norms, interpretation of regulations, as well as an analysis of the practice of application of the law by both state administrative bodies and courtsResultsKNF inspectors, in the course of their inspection, have the authority to demand from the inspected insurance agent access to the documents of the inspected entity and to the data and information contained in the information and communication systems. However, this entitlement is not absolute. Such a request may only concern the documents and data of the controlled entity, and moreover, it is only updated when it falls within the substantive scope of the inspectionConclusionsNotwithstanding the above, the agent also remains the disposer of information covered by the secrecy of communication . The contents of the mailboxes of insurance agents, like any correspondence, are protected by the secrecy of communication, regardless of the content (art. 49, para. 1 of the Polish Constitution). In order for the supervisory authority to effectively demand access to information contained in the correspondence of an insurance agent, it should first obtain this access through a separate procedure provided for by the law.